diff --git a/cmd/compact/main.go b/cmd/compact/main.go
index 7cc4b75934..9c26db4af3 100644
--- a/cmd/compact/main.go
+++ b/cmd/compact/main.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	golog "github.com/go-kit/log"
 
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb"
 )
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ func main() {
 	ctx, cancel := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	c, err := tsdb.NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(ctx, nil, logger, []int64{0}, nil, segmentSizeMB*1024*1024, nil, true)
+	c, err := tsdb.NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(ctx, nil, logger, []int64{0}, nil, segmentSizeMB*1024*1024, nil, true, func(l labels.Labels) uint64 { return l.Hash() })
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalln("creating compator", err)
 	}
diff --git a/tsdb/block.go b/tsdb/block.go
index cff320f4d9..3f9a82589a 100644
--- a/tsdb/block.go
+++ b/tsdb/block.go
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ type IndexReader interface {
 
 	// ShardedPostings returns a postings list filtered by the provided shardIndex
 	// out of shardCount. For a given posting, its shard MUST be computed hashing
-	// the series labels mod shardCount (eg. `labels.Hash() % shardCount == shardIndex`).
+	// the series labels mod shardCount, using a hash function which is consistent over time.
 	ShardedPostings(p index.Postings, shardIndex, shardCount uint64) index.Postings
 
 	// Series populates the given builder and chunk metas for the series identified
@@ -322,11 +322,11 @@ type Block struct {
 // OpenBlock opens the block in the directory. It can be passed a chunk pool, which is used
 // to instantiate chunk structs.
 func OpenBlock(logger log.Logger, dir string, pool chunkenc.Pool) (pb *Block, err error) {
-	return OpenBlockWithCache(logger, dir, pool, nil)
+	return OpenBlockWithOptions(logger, dir, pool, nil, nil)
 }
 
-// OpenBlockWithCache is like OpenBlock but allows to pass a cache provider.
-func OpenBlockWithCache(logger log.Logger, dir string, pool chunkenc.Pool, cache index.ReaderCacheProvider) (pb *Block, err error) {
+// OpenBlockWithOptions is like OpenBlock but allows to pass a cache provider and sharding function.
+func OpenBlockWithOptions(logger log.Logger, dir string, pool chunkenc.Pool, cache index.ReaderCacheProvider, shardFunc func(l labels.Labels) uint64) (pb *Block, err error) {
 	if logger == nil {
 		logger = log.NewNopLogger()
 	}
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ func OpenBlockWithCache(logger log.Logger, dir string, pool chunkenc.Pool, cache
 	}
 	closers = append(closers, cr)
 
-	indexReader, err := index.NewFileReaderWithCache(filepath.Join(dir, indexFilename), cache)
+	indexReader, err := index.NewFileReaderWithOptions(filepath.Join(dir, indexFilename), cache, shardFunc)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/tsdb/compact.go b/tsdb/compact.go
index fff2e75233..4105515252 100644
--- a/tsdb/compact.go
+++ b/tsdb/compact.go
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ type LeveledCompactor struct {
 	maxBlockChunkSegmentSize    int64
 	mergeFunc                   storage.VerticalChunkSeriesMergeFunc
 	enableOverlappingCompaction bool
+	shardFunc                   func(labels.Labels) uint64
 
 	concurrencyOpts LeveledCompactorConcurrencyOptions
 }
@@ -157,10 +158,10 @@ func newCompactorMetrics(r prometheus.Registerer) *compactorMetrics {
 
 // NewLeveledCompactor returns a LeveledCompactor.
 func NewLeveledCompactor(ctx context.Context, r prometheus.Registerer, l log.Logger, ranges []int64, pool chunkenc.Pool, mergeFunc storage.VerticalChunkSeriesMergeFunc, enableOverlappingCompaction bool) (*LeveledCompactor, error) {
-	return NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(ctx, r, l, ranges, pool, chunks.DefaultChunkSegmentSize, mergeFunc, enableOverlappingCompaction)
+	return NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(ctx, r, l, ranges, pool, chunks.DefaultChunkSegmentSize, mergeFunc, enableOverlappingCompaction, nil)
 }
 
-func NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(ctx context.Context, r prometheus.Registerer, l log.Logger, ranges []int64, pool chunkenc.Pool, maxBlockChunkSegmentSize int64, mergeFunc storage.VerticalChunkSeriesMergeFunc, enableOverlappingCompaction bool) (*LeveledCompactor, error) {
+func NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(ctx context.Context, r prometheus.Registerer, l log.Logger, ranges []int64, pool chunkenc.Pool, maxBlockChunkSegmentSize int64, mergeFunc storage.VerticalChunkSeriesMergeFunc, enableOverlappingCompaction bool, shardFunc func(labels.Labels) uint64) (*LeveledCompactor, error) {
 	if len(ranges) == 0 {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("at least one range must be provided")
 	}
@@ -183,6 +184,7 @@ func NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(ctx context.Context, r prometheus.Register
 		mergeFunc:                   mergeFunc,
 		concurrencyOpts:             DefaultLeveledCompactorConcurrencyOptions(),
 		enableOverlappingCompaction: enableOverlappingCompaction,
+		shardFunc:                   shardFunc,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -1105,7 +1107,7 @@ func (c *LeveledCompactor) populateBlock(blocks []BlockReader, minT, maxT int64,
 
 		obIx := uint64(0)
 		if len(outBlocks) > 1 {
-			obIx = s.Labels().Hash() % uint64(len(outBlocks))
+			obIx = c.shardFunc(s.Labels()) % uint64(len(outBlocks))
 		}
 
 		err := blockWriters[obIx].addSeries(s.Labels(), chks)
@@ -1171,7 +1173,10 @@ func (c *LeveledCompactor) populateSymbols(sets []storage.ChunkSeriesSet, outBlo
 
 		s := seriesSet.At()
 
-		obIx := s.Labels().Hash() % uint64(len(outBlocks))
+		var obIx uint64
+		if len(outBlocks) > 1 {
+			obIx = c.shardFunc(s.Labels()) % uint64(len(outBlocks))
+		}
 
 		for _, l := range s.Labels() {
 			if err := batchers[obIx].addSymbol(l.Name); err != nil {
diff --git a/tsdb/compact_test.go b/tsdb/compact_test.go
index 0b3f3f145a..60ab52d393 100644
--- a/tsdb/compact_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/compact_test.go
@@ -433,13 +433,13 @@ func TestRangeWithFailedCompactionWontGetSelected(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCompactionFailWillCleanUpTempDir(t *testing.T) {
-	compactor, err := NewLeveledCompactor(context.Background(), nil, log.NewNopLogger(), []int64{
+	compactor, err := NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(context.Background(), nil, log.NewNopLogger(), []int64{
 		20,
 		60,
 		240,
 		720,
 		2160,
-	}, nil, nil, true)
+	}, nil, chunks.DefaultChunkSegmentSize, nil, true, shardFunc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	tmpdir := t.TempDir()
@@ -503,6 +503,10 @@ func samplesForRange(minTime, maxTime int64, maxSamplesPerChunk int) (ret [][]sa
 	return ret
 }
 
+func shardFunc(l labels.Labels) uint64 {
+	return l.Hash()
+}
+
 func TestCompaction_CompactWithSplitting(t *testing.T) {
 	seriesCounts := []int{10, 1234}
 	shardCounts := []uint64{1, 13}
@@ -533,7 +537,7 @@ func TestCompaction_CompactWithSplitting(t *testing.T) {
 
 		for _, shardCount := range shardCounts {
 			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("series=%d, shards=%d", series, shardCount), func(t *testing.T) {
-				c, err := NewLeveledCompactor(context.Background(), nil, log.NewNopLogger(), []int64{0}, nil, nil, true)
+				c, err := NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(context.Background(), nil, log.NewNopLogger(), []int64{0}, nil, chunks.DefaultChunkSegmentSize, nil, true, shardFunc)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 
 				blockIDs, err := c.CompactWithSplitting(dir, blockDirs, openBlocks, shardCount)
@@ -667,7 +671,7 @@ func TestCompaction_CompactEmptyBlocks(t *testing.T) {
 		blockDirs = append(blockDirs, bdir)
 	}
 
-	c, err := NewLeveledCompactor(context.Background(), nil, log.NewNopLogger(), []int64{0}, nil, nil, true)
+	c, err := NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(context.Background(), nil, log.NewNopLogger(), []int64{0}, nil, chunks.DefaultChunkSegmentSize, nil, true, shardFunc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	blockIDs, err := c.CompactWithSplitting(dir, blockDirs, nil, 5)
@@ -1142,7 +1146,7 @@ func TestCompaction_populateBlock(t *testing.T) {
 				blocks = append(blocks, &mockBReader{ir: ir, cr: cr, mint: mint, maxt: maxt})
 			}
 
-			c, err := NewLeveledCompactor(context.Background(), nil, nil, []int64{0}, nil, nil, true)
+			c, err := NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(context.Background(), nil, nil, []int64{0}, nil, chunks.DefaultChunkSegmentSize, nil, true, shardFunc)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			meta := &BlockMeta{
diff --git a/tsdb/db.go b/tsdb/db.go
index 09a19e18e8..32dce66ec7 100644
--- a/tsdb/db.go
+++ b/tsdb/db.go
@@ -201,6 +201,9 @@ type Options struct {
 	HeadPostingsForMatchersCacheSize int
 	// HeadPostingsForMatchersCacheForce forces the usage of postings for matchers cache for all calls on Head and OOOHead regardless of the `concurrent` param.
 	HeadPostingsForMatchersCacheForce bool
+
+	// Compute hash of labels to divide series into shards.
+	ShardFunc func(l labels.Labels) uint64
 }
 
 type BlocksToDeleteFunc func(blocks []*Block) map[ulid.ULID]struct{}
@@ -565,7 +568,7 @@ func (db *DBReadOnly) Blocks() ([]BlockReader, error) {
 		return nil, ErrClosed
 	default:
 	}
-	loadable, corrupted, err := openBlocks(db.logger, db.dir, nil, nil, nil)
+	loadable, corrupted, err := openBlocks(db.logger, db.dir, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -763,7 +766,7 @@ func open(dir string, l log.Logger, r prometheus.Registerer, opts *Options, rngs
 	}
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	db.compactor, err = NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(ctx, r, l, rngs, db.chunkPool, opts.MaxBlockChunkSegmentSize, nil, opts.AllowOverlappingCompaction)
+	db.compactor, err = NewLeveledCompactorWithChunkSize(ctx, r, l, rngs, db.chunkPool, opts.MaxBlockChunkSegmentSize, nil, opts.AllowOverlappingCompaction, opts.ShardFunc)
 	if err != nil {
 		cancel()
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "create leveled compactor")
@@ -817,6 +820,7 @@ func open(dir string, l log.Logger, r prometheus.Registerer, opts *Options, rngs
 		// We only override this flag if isolation is disabled at DB level. We use the default otherwise.
 		headOpts.IsolationDisabled = opts.IsolationDisabled
 	}
+	headOpts.ShardFunc = opts.ShardFunc
 	db.head, err = NewHead(r, l, wal, wbl, headOpts, stats.Head)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1346,7 +1350,7 @@ func (db *DB) reloadBlocks() (err error) {
 	db.mtx.Lock()
 	defer db.mtx.Unlock()
 
-	loadable, corrupted, err := openBlocks(db.logger, db.dir, db.blocks, db.chunkPool, db.opts.SeriesHashCache)
+	loadable, corrupted, err := openBlocks(db.logger, db.dir, db.blocks, db.chunkPool, db.opts.SeriesHashCache, db.opts.ShardFunc)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -1429,7 +1433,7 @@ func (db *DB) reloadBlocks() (err error) {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func openBlocks(l log.Logger, dir string, loaded []*Block, chunkPool chunkenc.Pool, cache *hashcache.SeriesHashCache) (blocks []*Block, corrupted map[ulid.ULID]error, err error) {
+func openBlocks(l log.Logger, dir string, loaded []*Block, chunkPool chunkenc.Pool, cache *hashcache.SeriesHashCache, shardFunc func(l labels.Labels) uint64) (blocks []*Block, corrupted map[ulid.ULID]error, err error) {
 	bDirs, err := blockDirs(dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "find blocks")
@@ -1451,7 +1455,7 @@ func openBlocks(l log.Logger, dir string, loaded []*Block, chunkPool chunkenc.Po
 				cacheProvider = cache.GetBlockCacheProvider(meta.ULID.String())
 			}
 
-			block, err = OpenBlockWithCache(l, bDir, chunkPool, cacheProvider)
+			block, err = OpenBlockWithOptions(l, bDir, chunkPool, cacheProvider, shardFunc)
 			if err != nil {
 				corrupted[meta.ULID] = err
 				continue
diff --git a/tsdb/head.go b/tsdb/head.go
index e61b565344..8ca8fce368 100644
--- a/tsdb/head.go
+++ b/tsdb/head.go
@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@ type HeadOptions struct {
 	PostingsForMatchersCacheTTL   time.Duration
 	PostingsForMatchersCacheSize  int
 	PostingsForMatchersCacheForce bool
+
+	ShardFunc func(l labels.Labels) uint64 // Compute hash of labels to divide series into shards.
 }
 
 const (
@@ -1566,8 +1568,12 @@ func (h *Head) getOrCreate(hash uint64, lset labels.Labels) (*memSeries, bool, e
 }
 
 func (h *Head) getOrCreateWithID(id chunks.HeadSeriesRef, hash uint64, lset labels.Labels) (*memSeries, bool, error) {
+	shardHash := hash
+	if h.opts.ShardFunc != nil {
+		shardHash = h.opts.ShardFunc(lset)
+	}
 	s, created, err := h.series.getOrSet(hash, lset, func() *memSeries {
-		return newMemSeries(lset, id, hash, h.opts.ChunkEndTimeVariance, h.opts.IsolationDisabled)
+		return newMemSeries(lset, id, shardHash, h.opts.ChunkEndTimeVariance, h.opts.IsolationDisabled)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
diff --git a/tsdb/head_test.go b/tsdb/head_test.go
index 7b5023ca35..823f8b570c 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_test.go
@@ -2438,6 +2438,7 @@ func TestHeadShardedPostings(t *testing.T) {
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, head.Close())
 	}()
+	head.opts.ShardFunc = func(l labels.Labels) uint64 { return l.Hash() }
 
 	// Append some series.
 	app := head.Appender(context.Background())
diff --git a/tsdb/index/index.go b/tsdb/index/index.go
index d4a921ad0d..c3b81bbb27 100644
--- a/tsdb/index/index.go
+++ b/tsdb/index/index.go
@@ -1090,6 +1090,8 @@ type Reader struct {
 
 	// Provides a cache mapping series labels hash by series ID.
 	cacheProvider ReaderCacheProvider
+
+	shardFunc func(l labels.Labels) uint64 // Computes a hash of Labels; must be consistent over time.
 }
 
 type postingOffset struct {
@@ -1130,11 +1132,11 @@ func NewReaderWithCache(b ByteSlice, cacheProvider ReaderCacheProvider) (*Reader
 
 // NewFileReader returns a new index reader against the given index file.
 func NewFileReader(path string) (*Reader, error) {
-	return NewFileReaderWithCache(path, nil)
+	return NewFileReaderWithOptions(path, nil, nil)
 }
 
-// NewFileReaderWithCache is like NewFileReader but allows to pass a cache provider.
-func NewFileReaderWithCache(path string, cacheProvider ReaderCacheProvider) (*Reader, error) {
+// NewFileReaderWithOptions is like NewFileReader but allows to pass a cache provider and sharding function.
+func NewFileReaderWithOptions(path string, cacheProvider ReaderCacheProvider, shardFunc func(l labels.Labels) uint64) (*Reader, error) {
 	f, err := fileutil.OpenMmapFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1146,6 +1148,7 @@ func NewFileReaderWithCache(path string, cacheProvider ReaderCacheProvider) (*Re
 			f.Close(),
 		).Err()
 	}
+	r.shardFunc = shardFunc
 
 	return r, nil
 }
@@ -1771,7 +1774,7 @@ func (r *Reader) ShardedPostings(p Postings, shardIndex, shardCount uint64) Post
 				return ErrPostings(errors.Errorf("series %d not found", id))
 			}
 
-			hash = bufLbls.Labels().Hash()
+			hash = r.shardFunc(bufLbls.Labels())
 			if seriesHashCache != nil {
 				seriesHashCache.Store(id, hash)
 			}
diff --git a/tsdb/index/index_test.go b/tsdb/index/index_test.go
index d29a74641a..0ecb6447c4 100644
--- a/tsdb/index/index_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/index/index_test.go
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ func TestIndexRW_Postings(t *testing.T) {
 				cache = hashcache.NewSeriesHashCache(1024 * 1024 * 1024).GetBlockCacheProvider("test")
 			}
 
-			ir, err := NewFileReaderWithCache(fn, cache)
+			ir, err := NewFileReaderWithOptions(fn, cache, func(l labels.Labels) uint64 { return l.Hash() })
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			// List all postings for a given label value. This is what we expect to get
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ func BenchmarkReader_ShardedPostings(b *testing.B) {
 			}
 
 			// Create a reader to read back all postings from the index.
-			ir, err := NewFileReaderWithCache(fn, cache)
+			ir, err := NewFileReaderWithOptions(fn, cache, func(l labels.Labels) uint64 { return l.Hash() })
 			require.NoError(b, err)
 
 			b.ResetTimer()
diff --git a/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go b/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go
index 54dc8702e0..78adce1f41 100644
--- a/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ func BenchmarkQuerierSelect(b *testing.B) {
 
 	seriesHashCache := hashcache.NewSeriesHashCache(1024 * 1024 * 1024)
 	blockdir := createBlockFromHead(b, tmpdir, h)
-	block, err := OpenBlockWithCache(nil, blockdir, nil, seriesHashCache.GetBlockCacheProvider("test"))
+	block, err := OpenBlockWithOptions(nil, blockdir, nil, seriesHashCache.GetBlockCacheProvider("test"), func(l labels.Labels) uint64 { return l.Hash() })
 	require.NoError(b, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(b, block.Close())