Merge branch 'main' into beorn7/sparsehistogram

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ jobs:
             GO111MODULE: "on"
       - run: go test ./tsdb/ -test.tsdb-isolation=false
       - run: make -C documentation/examples/remote_storage
+      - run: make -C documentation/examples
       - prometheus/check_proto:
           version: "3.15.8"
       - prometheus/store_artifact:

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
 /discovery/kubernetes @brancz
 /tsdb @codesome
 /promql @codesome @roidelapluie
-/cmd/promtool @jessicagreben @dgl
+/cmd/promtool @dgl

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ updates:
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "monthly"
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directory: "/documentation/examples/remote_storage"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "monthly"
   - package-ecosystem: "npm"
     directory: "/web/ui"
     schedule:

.github/workflows/buf-lint.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@v1.4.0
+      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@v1.5.0
       - uses: bufbuild/buf-lint-action@v1
         with:
           input: 'prompb'

.github/workflows/buf.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@v1.4.0
+      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@v1.5.0
       - uses: bufbuild/buf-lint-action@v1
         with:
           input: 'prompb'

.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-go@v2
         with:
           go-version: 1.18.x
+      - name: Install snmp_exporter/generator dependencies
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install libsnmp-dev
+        if: github.repository == 'prometheus/snmp_exporter'
       - name: Lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v3.1.0
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v3.2.0
         with:
           version: v1.45.2

.yamllint

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ rules:
   document-start: disable
   indentation:
     spaces: consistent
+    indent-sequences: consistent
   key-duplicates:
     ignore: |
       config/testdata/section_key_dup.bad.yml

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,25 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 2.36.1 / 2022-06-09
+
+* [BUGFIX] promtool: Add --lint-fatal option #10840
+
+## 2.36.0 / 2022-05-30
+
+* [FEATURE] Add lowercase and uppercase relabel action. #10641
+* [FEATURE] SD: Add IONOS Cloud integration. #10514
+* [FEATURE] SD: Add Vultr integration. #10714
+* [FEATURE] SD: Add Linode SD failure count metric. #10673
+* [FEATURE] Add prometheus_ready metric. #10682
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Add stripDomain to template function. #10475
+* [ENHANCEMENT] UI: Enable active search through dropped targets. #10668
+* [ENHANCEMENT] promtool: support matchers when querying label values. #10727
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Add agent mode identifier. #9638
+* [BUGFIX] Changing TotalQueryableSamples from int to int64. #10549
+* [BUGFIX] tsdb/agent: Ignore duplicate exemplars. #10595
+* [BUGFIX] TSDB: Fix chunk overflow appending samples at a variable rate. #10607
+* [BUGFIX] Stop rule manager before TSDB is stopped. #10680
+
 ## 2.35.0 / 2022-04-21
 
 This Prometheus release is built with go1.18, which contains two noticeable changes related to TLS:

MAINTAINERS.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Julien Pivotto (<roidelapluie@prometheus.io> / @roidelapluie) and Levi Harrison (<levi@leviharrison.dev> / @LeviHarrison) are the main/default maintainers, some parts of the codebase have other maintainers:
 
 * `cmd`
-  * `promtool`: David Leadbeater (<dgl@dgl.cx> / @dgl), Jessica Grebenschikov (<jessicagreben@prometheus.io> / @jessicagreben)
+  * `promtool`: David Leadbeater (<dgl@dgl.cx> / @dgl)
 * `discovery`
   * `k8s`: Frederic Branczyk (<fbranczyk@gmail.com> / @brancz)
 * `documentation`

README.md

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Prometheus will now be reachable at <http://localhost:9090/>.
 
 To build Prometheus from source code, You need:
 
-* Go [version 1.16 or greater](https://golang.org/doc/install).
+* Go [version 1.17 or greater](https://golang.org/doc/install).
 * NodeJS [version 16 or greater](https://nodejs.org/).
 * npm [version 7 or greater](https://www.npmjs.com/).
 

RELEASE.md

@@ -80,7 +80,10 @@ Maintaining the release branches for older minor releases happens on a best effo
 
 A few days before a major or minor release, consider updating the dependencies.
 
-Then create a pull request against the main branch.
+Note that we use [Dependabot](.github/dependabot.yml) to continuously update most things automatically. Therefore, most dependencies should be up to date.
+Check the [dependencies GitHub label](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/labels/dependencies) to see if there are any pending updates.
+
+This bot currently does not manage `+incompatible` and `v0.0.0` in the version specifier for Go modules.
 
 Note that after a dependency update, you should look out for any weirdness that
 might have happened. Such weirdnesses include but are not limited to: flaky
@@ -95,7 +98,9 @@ This is also a good time to consider any experimental features and feature
 flags for promotion to stable or for deprecation or ultimately removal. Do any
 of these in pull requests, one per feature.
 
-#### Updating Go dependencies
+#### Manually updating Go dependencies
+
+This is usually only needed for `+incompatible` and `v0.0.0` non-semver updates.
 
 ```bash
 make update-go-deps
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ git add go.mod go.sum
 git commit -m "Update dependencies"
 ```
 
-#### Updating React dependencies
+#### Manually updating React dependencies
 
 The React application recently moved to a monorepo system with multiple internal npm packages. Dependency upgrades are
 quite sensitive for the time being.

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-2.35.0
+2.36.1

cmd/prometheus/main.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"math/bits"
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/grafana/regexp"
 	conntrack "github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack"
 	"github.com/oklog/run"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/promlog"
@@ -388,6 +388,9 @@ func main() {
 	serverOnlyFlag(a, "query.max-samples", "Maximum number of samples a single query can load into memory. Note that queries will fail if they try to load more samples than this into memory, so this also limits the number of samples a query can return.").
 		Default("50000000").IntVar(&cfg.queryMaxSamples)
 
+	a.Flag("scrape.discovery-reload-interval", "Interval used by scrape manager to throttle target groups updates.").
+		Hidden().Default("5s").SetValue(&cfg.scrape.DiscoveryReloadInterval)
+
 	a.Flag("enable-feature", "Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-at-modifier, promql-negative-offset, promql-per-step-stats, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details.").
 		Default("").StringsVar(&cfg.featureList)
 
@@ -395,7 +398,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	_, err := a.Parse(os.Args[1:])
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error parsing commandline arguments"))
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, fmt.Errorf("Error parsing commandline arguments: %w", err))
 		a.Usage(os.Args[1:])
 		os.Exit(2)
 	}
@@ -403,7 +406,7 @@ func main() {
 	logger := promlog.New(&cfg.promlogConfig)
 
 	if err := cfg.setFeatureListOptions(logger); err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error parsing feature list"))
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, fmt.Errorf("Error parsing feature list: %w", err))
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
@@ -424,13 +427,13 @@ func main() {
 
 	cfg.web.ExternalURL, err = computeExternalURL(cfg.prometheusURL, cfg.web.ListenAddress)
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, errors.Wrapf(err, "parse external URL %q", cfg.prometheusURL))
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, fmt.Errorf("parse external URL %q: %w", cfg.prometheusURL, err))
 		os.Exit(2)
 	}
 
 	cfg.web.CORSOrigin, err = compileCORSRegexString(cfg.corsRegexString)
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not compile CORS regex string %q", cfg.corsRegexString))
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, fmt.Errorf("could not compile CORS regex string %q: %w", cfg.corsRegexString, err))
 		os.Exit(2)
 	}
 
@@ -523,7 +526,14 @@ func main() {
 	klogv2.ClampLevel(6)
 	klogv2.SetLogger(log.With(logger, "component", "k8s_client_runtime"))
 
-	level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Starting Prometheus", "version", version.Info())
+	modeAppName := "Prometheus Server"
+	mode := "server"
+	if agentMode {
+		modeAppName = "Prometheus Agent"
+		mode = "agent"
+	}
+
+	level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Starting "+modeAppName, "mode", mode, "version", version.Info())
 	if bits.UintSize < 64 {
 		level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "This Prometheus binary has not been compiled for a 64-bit architecture. Due to virtual memory constraints of 32-bit systems, it is highly recommended to switch to a 64-bit binary of Prometheus.", "GOARCH", runtime.GOARCH)
 	}
@@ -627,6 +637,7 @@ func main() {
 	cfg.web.Notifier = notifierManager
 	cfg.web.LookbackDelta = time.Duration(cfg.lookbackDelta)
 	cfg.web.IsAgent = agentMode
+	cfg.web.AppName = modeAppName
 
 	cfg.web.Version = &web.PrometheusVersion{
 		Version:   version.Version,
@@ -730,7 +741,7 @@ func main() {
 					fs, err := filepath.Glob(pat)
 					if err != nil {
 						// The only error can be a bad pattern.
-						return errors.Wrapf(err, "error retrieving rule files for %s", pat)
+						return fmt.Errorf("error retrieving rule files for %s: %w", pat, err)
 					}
 					files = append(files, fs...)
 				}
@@ -805,6 +816,7 @@ func main() {
 			},
 			func(err error) {
 				close(cancel)
+				webHandler.SetReady(false)
 			},
 		)
 	}
@@ -836,6 +848,19 @@ func main() {
 			},
 		)
 	}
+	if !agentMode {
+		// Rule manager.
+		g.Add(
+			func() error {
+				<-reloadReady.C
+				ruleManager.Run()
+				return nil
+			},
+			func(err error) {
+				ruleManager.Stop()
+			},
+		)
+	}
 	{
 		// Scrape manager.
 		g.Add(
@@ -853,6 +878,8 @@ func main() {
 			func(err error) {
 				// Scrape manager needs to be stopped before closing the local TSDB
 				// so that it doesn't try to write samples to a closed storage.
+				// We should also wait for rule manager to be fully stopped to ensure
+				// we don't trigger any false positive alerts for rules using absent().
 				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Stopping scrape manager...")
 				scrapeManager.Stop()
 			},
@@ -922,12 +949,12 @@ func main() {
 				}
 
 				if err := reloadConfig(cfg.configFile, cfg.enableExpandExternalLabels, cfg.tsdb.EnableExemplarStorage, logger, noStepSubqueryInterval, reloaders...); err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading config from %q", cfg.configFile)
+					return fmt.Errorf("error loading config from %q: %w", cfg.configFile, err)
 				}
 
 				reloadReady.Close()
 
-				webHandler.Ready()
+				webHandler.SetReady(true)
 				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Server is ready to receive web requests.")
 				<-cancel
 				return nil
@@ -938,18 +965,6 @@ func main() {
 		)
 	}
 	if !agentMode {
-		// Rule manager.
-		g.Add(
-			func() error {
-				<-reloadReady.C
-				ruleManager.Run()
-				return nil
-			},
-			func(err error) {
-				ruleManager.Stop()
-			},
-		)
-
 		// TSDB.
 		opts := cfg.tsdb.ToTSDBOptions()
 		cancel := make(chan struct{})
@@ -969,7 +984,7 @@ func main() {
 
 				db, err := openDBWithMetrics(localStoragePath, logger, prometheus.DefaultRegisterer, &opts, localStorage.getStats())
 				if err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrapf(err, "opening storage failed")
+					return fmt.Errorf("opening storage failed: %w", err)
 				}
 
 				switch fsType := prom_runtime.Statfs(localStoragePath); fsType {
@@ -1025,7 +1040,7 @@ func main() {
 					&opts,
 				)
 				if err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrap(err, "opening storage failed")
+					return fmt.Errorf("opening storage failed: %w", err)
 				}
 
 				switch fsType := prom_runtime.Statfs(localStoragePath); fsType {
@@ -1063,7 +1078,7 @@ func main() {
 		g.Add(
 			func() error {
 				if err := webHandler.Run(ctxWeb, listener, *webConfig); err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrapf(err, "error starting web server")
+					return fmt.Errorf("error starting web server: %w", err)
 				}
 				return nil
 			},
@@ -1173,7 +1188,7 @@ func reloadConfig(filename string, expandExternalLabels, enableExemplarStorage b
 
 	conf, err := config.LoadFile(filename, agentMode, expandExternalLabels, logger)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "couldn't load configuration (--config.file=%q)", filename)
+		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't load configuration (--config.file=%q): %w", filename, err)
 	}
 
 	if enableExemplarStorage {
@@ -1192,7 +1207,7 @@ func reloadConfig(filename string, expandExternalLabels, enableExemplarStorage b
 		timings = append(timings, rl.name, time.Since(rstart))
 	}
 	if failed {
-		return errors.Errorf("one or more errors occurred while applying the new configuration (--config.file=%q)", filename)
+		return fmt.Errorf("one or more errors occurred while applying the new configuration (--config.file=%q)", filename)
 	}
 
 	noStepSuqueryInterval.Set(conf.GlobalConfig.EvaluationInterval)

cmd/prometheus/main_test.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math"
@@ -121,7 +122,8 @@ func TestFailedStartupExitCode(t *testing.T) {
 	err := prom.Run()
 	require.Error(t, err)
 
-	if exitError, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+	var exitError *exec.ExitError
+	if errors.As(err, &exitError) {
 		status := exitError.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus)
 		require.Equal(t, expectedExitStatus, status.ExitStatus())
 	} else {
@@ -233,7 +235,8 @@ func TestWALSegmentSizeBounds(t *testing.T) {
 
 		err = prom.Wait()
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		if exitError, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+		var exitError *exec.ExitError
+		if errors.As(err, &exitError) {
 			status := exitError.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus)
 			require.Equal(t, expectedExitStatus, status.ExitStatus())
 		} else {
@@ -278,7 +281,8 @@ func TestMaxBlockChunkSegmentSizeBounds(t *testing.T) {
 
 		err = prom.Wait()
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		if exitError, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+		var exitError *exec.ExitError
+		if errors.As(err, &exitError) {
 			status := exitError.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus)
 			require.Equal(t, expectedExitStatus, status.ExitStatus())
 		} else {
@@ -467,7 +471,8 @@ func TestModeSpecificFlags(t *testing.T) {
 
 			err = prom.Wait()
 			require.Error(t, err)
-			if exitError, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			var exitError *exec.ExitError
+			if errors.As(err, &exitError) {
 				status := exitError.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus)
 				require.Equal(t, tc.exitStatus, status.ExitStatus())
 			} else {

cmd/promtool/archive.go

@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ package main
 import (
 	"archive/tar"
 	"compress/gzip"
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
-
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
 const filePerm = 0o666
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ type tarGzFileWriter struct {
 func newTarGzFileWriter(archiveName string) (*tarGzFileWriter, error) {
 	file, err := os.Create(archiveName)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating archive %q", archiveName)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating archive %q: %w", archiveName, err)
 	}
 	gzw := gzip.NewWriter(file)
 	tw := tar.NewWriter(gzw)

cmd/promtool/backfill.go

@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/textparse"
@@ -33,11 +34,11 @@ func getMinAndMaxTimestamps(p textparse.Parser) (int64, int64, error) {
 
 	for {
 		entry, err := p.Next()
-		if err == io.EOF {
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 			break
 		}
 		if err != nil {
-			return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "next")
+			return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("next: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		if entry != textparse.EntrySeries {
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ func getMinAndMaxTimestamps(p textparse.Parser) (int64, int64, error) {
 
 		_, ts, _ := p.Series()
 		if ts == nil {
-			return 0, 0, errors.Errorf("expected timestamp for series got none")
+			return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("expected timestamp for series got none")
 		}
 
 		if *ts > maxt {
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesIn
 			// original interval later.
 			w, err := tsdb.NewBlockWriter(log.NewNopLogger(), outputDir, 2*blockDuration)
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "block writer")
+				return fmt.Errorf("block writer: %w", err)
 			}
 			defer func() {
 				err = tsdb_errors.NewMulti(err, w.Close()).Err()
@@ -130,11 +131,11 @@ func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesIn
 			samplesCount := 0
 			for {
 				e, err := p.Next()
-				if err == io.EOF {
+				if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 					break
 				}
 				if err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrap(err, "parse")
+					return fmt.Errorf("parse: %w", err)
 				}
 				if e != textparse.EntrySeries {
 					continue
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesIn
 				if ts == nil {
 					l := labels.Labels{}
 					p.Metric(&l)
-					return errors.Errorf("expected timestamp for series %v, got none", l)
+					return fmt.Errorf("expected timestamp for series %v, got none", l)
 				}
 				if *ts < t {
 					continue
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesIn
 				p.Metric(&l)
 
 				if _, err := app.Append(0, l, *ts, v); err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrap(err, "add sample")
+					return fmt.Errorf("add sample: %w", err)
 				}
 
 				samplesCount++
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesIn
 				// Therefore the old appender is committed and a new one is created.
 				// This prevents keeping too many samples lined up in an appender and thus in RAM.
 				if err := app.Commit(); err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrap(err, "commit")
+					return fmt.Errorf("commit: %w", err)
 				}
 
 				app = w.Appender(ctx)
@@ -180,18 +181,18 @@ func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesIn
 			}
 
 			if err := app.Commit(); err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "commit")
+				return fmt.Errorf("commit: %w", err)
 			}
 
 			block, err := w.Flush(ctx)
-			switch err {
-			case nil:
+			switch {
+			case err == nil:
 				if quiet {
 					break
 				}
 				blocks, err := db.Blocks()
 				if err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrap(err, "get blocks")
+					return fmt.Errorf("get blocks: %w", err)
 				}
 				for _, b := range blocks {
 					if b.Meta().ULID == block {
@@ -200,15 +201,15 @@ func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesIn
 						break
 					}
 				}
-			case tsdb.ErrNoSeriesAppended:
+			case errors.Is(err, tsdb.ErrNoSeriesAppended):
 			default:
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "flush")
+				return fmt.Errorf("flush: %w", err)
 			}
 
 			return nil
 		}()
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "process blocks")
+			return fmt.Errorf("process blocks: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -218,7 +219,10 @@ func backfill(maxSamplesInAppender int, input []byte, outputDir string, humanRea
 	p := textparse.NewOpenMetricsParser(input)
 	maxt, mint, err := getMinAndMaxTimestamps(p)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting min and max timestamp")
+		return fmt.Errorf("getting min and max timestamp: %w", err)
 	}
-	return errors.Wrap(createBlocks(input, mint, maxt, int64(maxBlockDuration/time.Millisecond), maxSamplesInAppender, outputDir, humanReadable, quiet), "block creation")
+	if err = createBlocks(input, mint, maxt, int64(maxBlockDuration/time.Millisecond), maxSamplesInAppender, outputDir, humanReadable, quiet); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("block creation: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
 }

cmd/promtool/debug.go

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
-
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
 type debugWriterConfig struct {
@@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ type debugWriterConfig struct {
 func debugWrite(cfg debugWriterConfig) error {
 	archiver, err := newTarGzFileWriter(cfg.tarballName)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "error creating a new archiver")
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating a new archiver: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, endPointGroup := range cfg.endPointGroups {
@@ -39,28 +37,28 @@ func debugWrite(cfg debugWriterConfig) error {
 			fmt.Println("collecting:", url)
 			res, err := http.Get(url)
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "error executing HTTP request")
+				return fmt.Errorf("error executing HTTP request: %w", err)
 			}
 			body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
 			res.Body.Close()
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "error reading the response body")
+				return fmt.Errorf("error reading the response body: %w", err)
 			}
 
 			if endPointGroup.postProcess != nil {
 				body, err = endPointGroup.postProcess(body)
 				if err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrap(err, "error post-processing HTTP response body")
+					return fmt.Errorf("error post-processing HTTP response body: %w", err)
 				}
 			}
 			if err := archiver.write(filename, body); err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "error writing into the archive")
+				return fmt.Errorf("error writing into the archive: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if err := archiver.close(); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "error closing archive writer")
+		return fmt.Errorf("error closing archive writer: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	fmt.Printf("Compiling debug information complete, all files written in %q.\n", cfg.tarballName)

cmd/promtool/main.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math"
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/google/pprof/profile"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/api"
 	v1 "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/api/prometheus/v1"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ func main() {
 		"lint",
 		"Linting checks to apply to the rules specified in the config. Available options are: "+strings.Join(lintOptions, ", ")+". Use --lint=none to disable linting",
 	).Default(lintOptionDuplicateRules).String()
+	checkConfigLintFatal := checkConfigCmd.Flag(
+		"lint-fatal",
+		"Make lint errors exit with exit code 3.").Default("false").Bool()
 
 	checkWebConfigCmd := checkCmd.Command("web-config", "Check if the web config files are valid or not.")
 	webConfigFiles := checkWebConfigCmd.Arg(
@@ -111,6 +114,9 @@ func main() {
 		"lint",
 		"Linting checks to apply. Available options are: "+strings.Join(lintOptions, ", ")+". Use --lint=none to disable linting",
 	).Default(lintOptionDuplicateRules).String()
+	checkRulesLintFatal := checkRulesCmd.Flag(
+		"lint-fatal",
+		"Make lint errors exit with exit code 3.").Default("false").Bool()
 
 	checkMetricsCmd := checkCmd.Command("metrics", checkMetricsUsage)
 	checkMetricsExtended := checkCmd.Flag("extended", "Print extended information related to the cardinality of the metrics.").Bool()
@@ -151,6 +157,7 @@ func main() {
 	queryLabelsName := queryLabelsCmd.Arg("name", "Label name to provide label values for.").Required().String()
 	queryLabelsBegin := queryLabelsCmd.Flag("start", "Start time (RFC3339 or Unix timestamp).").String()
 	queryLabelsEnd := queryLabelsCmd.Flag("end", "End time (RFC3339 or Unix timestamp).").String()
+	queryLabelsMatch := queryLabelsCmd.Flag("match", "Series selector. Can be specified multiple times.").Strings()
 
 	testCmd := app.Command("test", "Unit testing.")
 	testRulesCmd := testCmd.Command("rules", "Unit tests for rules.")
@@ -235,13 +242,13 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(CheckSD(*sdConfigFile, *sdJobName, *sdTimeout))
 
 	case checkConfigCmd.FullCommand():
-		os.Exit(CheckConfig(*agentMode, *checkConfigSyntaxOnly, newLintConfig(*checkConfigLint), *configFiles...))
+		os.Exit(CheckConfig(*agentMode, *checkConfigSyntaxOnly, newLintConfig(*checkConfigLint, *checkConfigLintFatal), *configFiles...))
 
 	case checkWebConfigCmd.FullCommand():
 		os.Exit(CheckWebConfig(*webConfigFiles...))
 
 	case checkRulesCmd.FullCommand():
-		os.Exit(CheckRules(newLintConfig(*checkRulesLint), *ruleFiles...))
+		os.Exit(CheckRules(newLintConfig(*checkRulesLint, *checkRulesLintFatal), *ruleFiles...))
 
 	case checkMetricsCmd.FullCommand():
 		os.Exit(CheckMetrics(*checkMetricsExtended))
@@ -265,7 +272,7 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(debugAll(*debugAllServer))
 
 	case queryLabelsCmd.FullCommand():
-		os.Exit(QueryLabels(*queryLabelsServer, *queryLabelsName, *queryLabelsBegin, *queryLabelsEnd, p))
+		os.Exit(QueryLabels(*queryLabelsServer, *queryLabelsMatch, *queryLabelsName, *queryLabelsBegin, *queryLabelsEnd, p))
 
 	case testRulesCmd.FullCommand():
 		os.Exit(RulesUnitTest(
@@ -302,11 +309,14 @@ var lintError = fmt.Errorf("lint error")
 type lintConfig struct {
 	all            bool
 	duplicateRules bool
+	fatal          bool
 }
 
-func newLintConfig(stringVal string) lintConfig {
+func newLintConfig(stringVal string, fatal bool) lintConfig {
 	items := strings.Split(stringVal, ",")
-	ls := lintConfig{}
+	ls := lintConfig{
+		fatal: fatal,
+	}
 	for _, setting := range items {
 		switch setting {
 		case lintOptionAll:
@@ -328,7 +338,7 @@ func (ls lintConfig) lintDuplicateRules() bool {
 // CheckConfig validates configuration files.
 func CheckConfig(agentMode, checkSyntaxOnly bool, lintSettings lintConfig, files ...string) int {
 	failed := false
-	hasLintErrors := false
+	hasErrors := false
 
 	for _, f := range files {
 		ruleFiles, err := checkConfig(agentMode, f, checkSyntaxOnly)
@@ -351,7 +361,7 @@ func CheckConfig(agentMode, checkSyntaxOnly bool, lintSettings lintConfig, files
 				}
 				failed = true
 				for _, err := range errs {
-					hasLintErrors = hasLintErrors || errors.Is(err, lintError)
+					hasErrors = hasErrors || !errors.Is(err, lintError)
 				}
 			} else {
 				fmt.Printf("  SUCCESS: %d rules found\n", n)
@@ -359,12 +369,12 @@ func CheckConfig(agentMode, checkSyntaxOnly bool, lintSettings lintConfig, files
 			fmt.Println()
 		}
 	}
-	if failed && hasLintErrors {
-		return lintErrExitCode
-	}
-	if failed {
+	if failed && hasErrors {
 		return failureExitCode
 	}
+	if failed && lintSettings.fatal {
+		return lintErrExitCode
+	}
 	return successExitCode
 }
 
@@ -413,10 +423,10 @@ func checkConfig(agentMode bool, filename string, checkSyntaxOnly bool) ([]strin
 			// If an explicit file was given, error if it is not accessible.
 			if !strings.Contains(rf, "*") {
 				if len(rfs) == 0 {
-					return nil, errors.Errorf("%q does not point to an existing file", rf)
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q does not point to an existing file", rf)
 				}
 				if err := checkFileExists(rfs[0]); err != nil {
-					return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error checking rule file %q", rfs[0])
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("error checking rule file %q: %w", rfs[0], err)
 				}
 			}
 			ruleFiles = append(ruleFiles, rfs...)
@@ -426,7 +436,7 @@ func checkConfig(agentMode bool, filename string, checkSyntaxOnly bool) ([]strin
 	for _, scfg := range cfg.ScrapeConfigs {
 		if !checkSyntaxOnly && scfg.HTTPClientConfig.Authorization != nil {
 			if err := checkFileExists(scfg.HTTPClientConfig.Authorization.CredentialsFile); err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error checking authorization credentials or bearer token file %q", scfg.HTTPClientConfig.Authorization.CredentialsFile)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("error checking authorization credentials or bearer token file %q: %w", scfg.HTTPClientConfig.Authorization.CredentialsFile, err)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -454,7 +464,7 @@ func checkConfig(agentMode bool, filename string, checkSyntaxOnly bool) ([]strin
 							var targetGroups []*targetgroup.Group
 							targetGroups, err = checkSDFile(f)
 							if err != nil {
-								return nil, errors.Errorf("checking SD file %q: %v", file, err)
+								return nil, fmt.Errorf("checking SD file %q: %w", file, err)
 							}
 							if err := checkTargetGroupsForScrapeConfig(targetGroups, scfg); err != nil {
 								return nil, err
@@ -490,7 +500,7 @@ func checkConfig(agentMode bool, filename string, checkSyntaxOnly bool) ([]strin
 							var targetGroups []*targetgroup.Group
 							targetGroups, err = checkSDFile(f)
 							if err != nil {
-								return nil, errors.Errorf("checking SD file %q: %v", file, err)
+								return nil, fmt.Errorf("checking SD file %q: %w", file, err)
 							}
 
 							if err := checkTargetGroupsForAlertmanager(targetGroups, amcfg); err != nil {
@@ -513,10 +523,10 @@ func checkConfig(agentMode bool, filename string, checkSyntaxOnly bool) ([]strin
 
 func checkTLSConfig(tlsConfig config_util.TLSConfig, checkSyntaxOnly bool) error {
 	if len(tlsConfig.CertFile) > 0 && len(tlsConfig.KeyFile) == 0 {
-		return errors.Errorf("client cert file %q specified without client key file", tlsConfig.CertFile)
+		return fmt.Errorf("client cert file %q specified without client key file", tlsConfig.CertFile)
 	}
 	if len(tlsConfig.KeyFile) > 0 && len(tlsConfig.CertFile) == 0 {
-		return errors.Errorf("client key file %q specified without client cert file", tlsConfig.KeyFile)
+		return fmt.Errorf("client key file %q specified without client cert file", tlsConfig.KeyFile)
 	}
 
 	if checkSyntaxOnly {
@@ -524,10 +534,10 @@ func checkTLSConfig(tlsConfig config_util.TLSConfig, checkSyntaxOnly bool) error
 	}
 
 	if err := checkFileExists(tlsConfig.CertFile); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error checking client cert file %q", tlsConfig.CertFile)
+		return fmt.Errorf("error checking client cert file %q: %w", tlsConfig.CertFile, err)
 	}
 	if err := checkFileExists(tlsConfig.KeyFile); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error checking client key file %q", tlsConfig.KeyFile)
+		return fmt.Errorf("error checking client key file %q: %w", tlsConfig.KeyFile, err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -557,12 +567,12 @@ func checkSDFile(filename string) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	default:
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid file extension: %q", ext)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid file extension: %q", ext)
 	}
 
 	for i, tg := range targetGroups {
 		if tg == nil {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("nil target group item found (index %d)", i)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("nil target group item found (index %d)", i)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -572,7 +582,7 @@ func checkSDFile(filename string) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 // CheckRules validates rule files.
 func CheckRules(ls lintConfig, files ...string) int {
 	failed := false
-	hasLintErrors := false
+	hasErrors := false
 
 	for _, f := range files {
 		if n, errs := checkRules(f, ls); errs != nil {
@@ -582,19 +592,19 @@ func CheckRules(ls lintConfig, files ...string) int {
 			}
 			failed = true
 			for _, err := range errs {
-				hasLintErrors = hasLintErrors || errors.Is(err, lintError)
+				hasErrors = hasErrors || !errors.Is(err, lintError)
 			}
 		} else {
 			fmt.Printf("  SUCCESS: %d rules found\n", n)
 		}
 		fmt.Println()
 	}
-	if failed && hasLintErrors {
-		return lintErrExitCode
-	}
-	if failed {
+	if failed && hasErrors {
 		return failureExitCode
 	}
+	if failed && ls.fatal {
+		return lintErrExitCode
+	}
 	return successExitCode
 }
 
@@ -929,7 +939,7 @@ func QuerySeries(url *url.URL, matchers []string, start, end string, p printer)
 }
 
 // QueryLabels queries for label values against a Prometheus server.
-func QueryLabels(url *url.URL, name, start, end string, p printer) int {
+func QueryLabels(url *url.URL, matchers []string, name, start, end string, p printer) int {
 	if url.Scheme == "" {
 		url.Scheme = "http"
 	}
@@ -953,7 +963,7 @@ func QueryLabels(url *url.URL, name, start, end string, p printer) int {
 	// Run query against client.
 	api := v1.NewAPI(c)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
-	val, warn, err := api.LabelValues(ctx, name, []string{}, stime, etime)
+	val, warn, err := api.LabelValues(ctx, name, matchers, stime, etime)
 	cancel()
 
 	for _, v := range warn {
@@ -991,14 +1001,14 @@ func parseStartTimeAndEndTime(start, end string) (time.Time, time.Time, error) {
 	if start != "" {
 		stime, err = parseTime(start)
 		if err != nil {
-			return stime, etime, errors.Wrap(err, "error parsing start time")
+			return stime, etime, fmt.Errorf("error parsing start time: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	if end != "" {
 		etime, err = parseTime(end)
 		if err != nil {
-			return stime, etime, errors.Wrap(err, "error parsing end time")
+			return stime, etime, fmt.Errorf("error parsing end time: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 	return stime, etime, nil
@@ -1012,7 +1022,7 @@ func parseTime(s string) (time.Time, error) {
 	if t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, s); err == nil {
 		return t, nil
 	}
-	return time.Time{}, errors.Errorf("cannot parse %q to a valid timestamp", s)
+	return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse %q to a valid timestamp", s)
 }
 
 type endpointsGroup struct {
@@ -1038,7 +1048,7 @@ var (
 				}
 				var buf bytes.Buffer
 				if err := p.WriteUncompressed(&buf); err != nil {
-					return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "writing the profile to the buffer")
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("writing the profile to the buffer: %w", err)
 				}
 
 				return buf.Bytes(), nil
@@ -1148,13 +1158,13 @@ func importRules(url *url.URL, start, end, outputDir string, evalInterval, maxBl
 	} else {
 		etime, err = parseTime(end)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error parsing end time: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("error parsing end time: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	stime, err = parseTime(start)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error parsing start time: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("error parsing start time: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if !stime.Before(etime) {
@@ -1172,14 +1182,14 @@ func importRules(url *url.URL, start, end, outputDir string, evalInterval, maxBl
 		Address: url.String(),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("new api client error: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("new api client error: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	ruleImporter := newRuleImporter(log.NewLogfmtLogger(log.NewSyncWriter(os.Stderr)), cfg, v1.NewAPI(client))
 	errs := ruleImporter.loadGroups(ctx, files)
 	for _, err := range errs {
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("rule importer parse error: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("rule importer parse error: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 

cmd/promtool/rules.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	v1 "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/api/prometheus/v1"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ func (importer *ruleImporter) importRule(ctx context.Context, ruleExpr, ruleName
 			},
 		)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "query range")
+			return fmt.Errorf("query range: %w", err)
 		}
 		if warnings != nil {
 			level.Warn(importer.logger).Log("msg", "Range query returned warnings.", "warnings", warnings)
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ func (importer *ruleImporter) importRule(ctx context.Context, ruleExpr, ruleName
 		// original interval later.
 		w, err := tsdb.NewBlockWriter(log.NewNopLogger(), importer.config.outputDir, 2*blockDuration)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "new block writer")
+			return fmt.Errorf("new block writer: %w", err)
 		}
 		var closed bool
 		defer func() {
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ func (importer *ruleImporter) importRule(ctx context.Context, ruleExpr, ruleName
 
 				for _, value := range sample.Values {
 					if err := app.add(ctx, lb.Labels(), timestamp.FromTime(value.Timestamp.Time()), float64(value.Value)); err != nil {
-						return errors.Wrap(err, "add")
+						return fmt.Errorf("add: %w", err)
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -176,7 +175,7 @@ func (importer *ruleImporter) importRule(ctx context.Context, ruleExpr, ruleName
 		}
 
 		if err := app.flushAndCommit(ctx); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "flush and commit")
+			return fmt.Errorf("flush and commit: %w", err)
 		}
 		err = tsdb_errors.NewMulti(err, w.Close()).Err()
 		closed = true
@@ -204,7 +203,7 @@ type multipleAppender struct {
 
 func (m *multipleAppender) add(ctx context.Context, l labels.Labels, t int64, v float64) error {
 	if _, err := m.appender.Append(0, l, t, v); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "multiappender append")
+		return fmt.Errorf("multiappender append: %w", err)
 	}
 	m.currentSampleCount++
 	if m.currentSampleCount >= m.maxSamplesInMemory {
@@ -218,7 +217,7 @@ func (m *multipleAppender) commit(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	if err := m.appender.Commit(); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "multiappender commit")
+		return fmt.Errorf("multiappender commit: %w", err)
 	}
 	m.appender = m.writer.Appender(ctx)
 	m.currentSampleCount = 0
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ func (m *multipleAppender) flushAndCommit(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if _, err := m.writer.Flush(ctx); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "multiappender flush")
+		return fmt.Errorf("multiappender flush: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

cmd/promtool/tsdb.go

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/alecthomas/units"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb"
@@ -237,29 +236,29 @@ func (b *writeBenchmark) startProfiling() error {
 	// Start CPU profiling.
 	b.cpuprof, err = os.Create(filepath.Join(b.outPath, "cpu.prof"))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("bench: could not create cpu profile: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("bench: could not create cpu profile: %w", err)
 	}
 	if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(b.cpuprof); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("bench: could not start CPU profile: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("bench: could not start CPU profile: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Start memory profiling.
 	b.memprof, err = os.Create(filepath.Join(b.outPath, "mem.prof"))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("bench: could not create memory profile: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("bench: could not create memory profile: %w", err)
 	}
 	runtime.MemProfileRate = 64 * 1024
 
 	// Start fatal profiling.
 	b.blockprof, err = os.Create(filepath.Join(b.outPath, "block.prof"))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("bench: could not create block profile: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("bench: could not create block profile: %w", err)
 	}
 	runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(20)
 
 	b.mtxprof, err = os.Create(filepath.Join(b.outPath, "mutex.prof"))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("bench: could not create mutex profile: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("bench: could not create mutex profile: %w", err)
 	}
 	runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction(20)
 	return nil
@@ -273,14 +272,14 @@ func (b *writeBenchmark) stopProfiling() error {
 	}
 	if b.memprof != nil {
 		if err := pprof.Lookup("heap").WriteTo(b.memprof, 0); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error writing mem profile: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("error writing mem profile: %w", err)
 		}
 		b.memprof.Close()
 		b.memprof = nil
 	}
 	if b.blockprof != nil {
 		if err := pprof.Lookup("block").WriteTo(b.blockprof, 0); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error writing block profile: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("error writing block profile: %w", err)
 		}
 		b.blockprof.Close()
 		b.blockprof = nil
@@ -288,7 +287,7 @@ func (b *writeBenchmark) stopProfiling() error {
 	}
 	if b.mtxprof != nil {
 		if err := pprof.Lookup("mutex").WriteTo(b.mtxprof, 0); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error writing mutex profile: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("error writing mutex profile: %w", err)
 		}
 		b.mtxprof.Close()
 		b.mtxprof = nil
@@ -681,7 +680,7 @@ func backfillOpenMetrics(path, outputDir string, humanReadable, quiet bool, maxB
 	defer inputFile.Close()
 
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(outputDir, 0o777); err != nil {
-		return checkErr(errors.Wrap(err, "create output dir"))
+		return checkErr(fmt.Errorf("create output dir: %w", err))
 	}
 
 	return checkErr(backfill(5000, inputFile.Bytes(), outputDir, humanReadable, quiet, maxBlockDuration))

cmd/promtool/unittest.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func ruleUnitTest(filename string, queryOpts promql.LazyLoaderOpts) []error {
 	groupOrderMap := make(map[string]int)
 	for i, gn := range unitTestInp.GroupEvalOrder {
 		if _, ok := groupOrderMap[gn]; ok {
-			return []error{errors.Errorf("group name repeated in evaluation order: %s", gn)}
+			return []error{fmt.Errorf("group name repeated in evaluation order: %s", gn)}
 		}
 		groupOrderMap[gn] = i
 	}
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func (tg *testGroup) test(evalInterval time.Duration, groupOrderMap map[string]i
 			if tg.TestGroupName != "" {
 				testGroupLog = fmt.Sprintf(" (in TestGroup %s)", tg.TestGroupName)
 			}
-			return []error{errors.Errorf("an item under alert_rule_test misses required attribute alertname at eval_time %v%s", alert.EvalTime, testGroupLog)}
+			return []error{fmt.Errorf("an item under alert_rule_test misses required attribute alertname at eval_time %v%s", alert.EvalTime, testGroupLog)}
 		}
 		alertEvalTimesMap[alert.EvalTime] = struct{}{}
 
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ func (tg *testGroup) test(evalInterval time.Duration, groupOrderMap map[string]i
 				g.Eval(suite.Context(), ts)
 				for _, r := range g.Rules() {
 					if r.LastError() != nil {
-						evalErrs = append(evalErrs, errors.Errorf("    rule: %s, time: %s, err: %v",
+						evalErrs = append(evalErrs, fmt.Errorf("    rule: %s, time: %s, err: %v",
 							r.Name(), ts.Sub(time.Unix(0, 0).UTC()), r.LastError()))
 					}
 				}
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ func (tg *testGroup) test(evalInterval time.Duration, groupOrderMap map[string]i
 					}
 					expString := indentLines(expAlerts.String(), "            ")
 					gotString := indentLines(gotAlerts.String(), "            ")
-					errs = append(errs, errors.Errorf("%s    alertname: %s, time: %s, \n        exp:%v, \n        got:%v",
+					errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("%s    alertname: %s, time: %s, \n        exp:%v, \n        got:%v",
 						testName, testcase.Alertname, testcase.EvalTime.String(), expString, gotString))
 				}
 			}
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ Outer:
 		got, err := query(suite.Context(), testCase.Expr, mint.Add(time.Duration(testCase.EvalTime)),
 			suite.QueryEngine(), suite.Queryable())
 		if err != nil {
-			errs = append(errs, errors.Errorf("    expr: %q, time: %s, err: %s", testCase.Expr,
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("    expr: %q, time: %s, err: %s", testCase.Expr,
 				testCase.EvalTime.String(), err.Error()))
 			continue
 		}
@@ -355,9 +355,9 @@ Outer:
 		for _, s := range testCase.ExpSamples {
 			lb, err := parser.ParseMetric(s.Labels)
 			if err != nil {
-				err = errors.Wrapf(err, "labels %q", s.Labels)
-				errs = append(errs, errors.Errorf("    expr: %q, time: %s, err: %s", testCase.Expr,
-					testCase.EvalTime.String(), err.Error()))
+				err = fmt.Errorf("labels %q: %w", s.Labels, err)
+				errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("    expr: %q, time: %s, err: %w", testCase.Expr,
+					testCase.EvalTime.String(), err))
 				continue Outer
 			}
 			expSamples = append(expSamples, parsedSample{
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ Outer:
 			return labels.Compare(gotSamples[i].Labels, gotSamples[j].Labels) <= 0
 		})
 		if !reflect.DeepEqual(expSamples, gotSamples) {
-			errs = append(errs, errors.Errorf("    expr: %q, time: %s,\n        exp: %v\n        got: %v", testCase.Expr,
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("    expr: %q, time: %s,\n        exp: %v\n        got: %v", testCase.Expr,
 				testCase.EvalTime.String(), parsedSamplesString(expSamples), parsedSamplesString(gotSamples)))
 		}
 	}

config/config.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
 	"github.com/grafana/regexp"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/sigv4"
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func LoadFile(filename string, agentMode, expandExternalLabels bool, logger log.
 	}
 	cfg, err := Load(string(content), expandExternalLabels, logger)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "parsing YAML file %s", filename)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing YAML file %s: %w", filename, err)
 	}
 
 	if agentMode {
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ func (c *Config) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 
 	for _, rf := range c.RuleFiles {
 		if !patRulePath.MatchString(rf) {
-			return errors.Errorf("invalid rule file path %q", rf)
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid rule file path %q", rf)
 		}
 	}
 	// Do global overrides and validate unique names.
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ func (c *Config) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 			scfg.ScrapeInterval = c.GlobalConfig.ScrapeInterval
 		}
 		if scfg.ScrapeTimeout > scfg.ScrapeInterval {
-			return errors.Errorf("scrape timeout greater than scrape interval for scrape config with job name %q", scfg.JobName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("scrape timeout greater than scrape interval for scrape config with job name %q", scfg.JobName)
 		}
 		if scfg.ScrapeTimeout == 0 {
 			if c.GlobalConfig.ScrapeTimeout > scfg.ScrapeInterval {
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ func (c *Config) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 		}
 
 		if _, ok := jobNames[scfg.JobName]; ok {
-			return errors.Errorf("found multiple scrape configs with job name %q", scfg.JobName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("found multiple scrape configs with job name %q", scfg.JobName)
 		}
 		jobNames[scfg.JobName] = struct{}{}
 	}
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ func (c *Config) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 		}
 		// Skip empty names, we fill their name with their config hash in remote write code.
 		if _, ok := rwNames[rwcfg.Name]; ok && rwcfg.Name != "" {
-			return errors.Errorf("found multiple remote write configs with job name %q", rwcfg.Name)
+			return fmt.Errorf("found multiple remote write configs with job name %q", rwcfg.Name)
 		}
 		rwNames[rwcfg.Name] = struct{}{}
 	}
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ func (c *Config) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 		}
 		// Skip empty names, we fill their name with their config hash in remote read code.
 		if _, ok := rrNames[rrcfg.Name]; ok && rrcfg.Name != "" {
-			return errors.Errorf("found multiple remote read configs with job name %q", rrcfg.Name)
+			return fmt.Errorf("found multiple remote read configs with job name %q", rrcfg.Name)
 		}
 		rrNames[rrcfg.Name] = struct{}{}
 	}
@@ -363,10 +363,10 @@ func (c *GlobalConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 
 	for _, l := range gc.ExternalLabels {
 		if !model.LabelName(l.Name).IsValid() {
-			return errors.Errorf("%q is not a valid label name", l.Name)
+			return fmt.Errorf("%q is not a valid label name", l.Name)
 		}
 		if !model.LabelValue(l.Value).IsValid() {
-			return errors.Errorf("%q is not a valid label value", l.Value)
+			return fmt.Errorf("%q is not a valid label value", l.Value)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ func checkStaticTargets(configs discovery.Configs) error {
 func CheckTargetAddress(address model.LabelValue) error {
 	// For now check for a URL, we may want to expand this later.
 	if strings.Contains(string(address), "/") {
-		return errors.Errorf("%q is not a valid hostname", address)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%q is not a valid hostname", address)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ func validateHeadersForTracing(headers map[string]string) error {
 			return errors.New("custom authorization header configuration is not yet supported")
 		}
 		if _, ok := reservedHeaders[strings.ToLower(header)]; ok {
-			return errors.Errorf("%s is a reserved header. It must not be changed", header)
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s is a reserved header. It must not be changed", header)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ func validateHeaders(headers map[string]string) error {
 			return errors.New("authorization header must be changed via the basic_auth, authorization, oauth2, or sigv4 parameter")
 		}
 		if _, ok := reservedHeaders[strings.ToLower(header)]; ok {
-			return errors.Errorf("%s is a reserved header. It must not be changed", header)
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s is a reserved header. It must not be changed", header)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil

config/config_test.go

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/file"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/hetzner"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/http"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/ionos"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/kubernetes"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/linode"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/marathon"
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/targetgroup"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/triton"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/uyuni"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/vultr"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/xds"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/zookeeper"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
@@ -987,11 +989,61 @@ var expectedConf = &Config{
 			Scheme:           DefaultScrapeConfig.Scheme,
 			ServiceDiscoveryConfigs: discovery.Configs{
 				&uyuni.SDConfig{
-					Server:          "https://localhost:1234",
-					Username:        "gopher",
-					Password:        "hole",
-					Entitlement:     "monitoring_entitled",
-					Separator:       ",",
+					Server:           "https://localhost:1234",
+					Username:         "gopher",
+					Password:         "hole",
+					Entitlement:      "monitoring_entitled",
+					Separator:        ",",
+					RefreshInterval:  model.Duration(60 * time.Second),
+					HTTPClientConfig: config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			JobName:         "ionos",
+			HonorTimestamps: true,
+			ScrapeInterval:  model.Duration(15 * time.Second),
+			ScrapeTimeout:   DefaultGlobalConfig.ScrapeTimeout,
+
+			MetricsPath:      DefaultScrapeConfig.MetricsPath,
+			Scheme:           DefaultScrapeConfig.Scheme,
+			HTTPClientConfig: config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig,
+
+			ServiceDiscoveryConfigs: discovery.Configs{
+				&ionos.SDConfig{
+					DatacenterID: "8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0",
+					HTTPClientConfig: config.HTTPClientConfig{
+						Authorization:   &config.Authorization{Type: "Bearer", Credentials: "abcdef"},
+						FollowRedirects: true,
+						EnableHTTP2:     true,
+					},
+					Port:            80,
+					RefreshInterval: model.Duration(60 * time.Second),
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			JobName: "vultr",
+
+			HonorTimestamps: true,
+			ScrapeInterval:  model.Duration(15 * time.Second),
+			ScrapeTimeout:   DefaultGlobalConfig.ScrapeTimeout,
+
+			MetricsPath:      DefaultScrapeConfig.MetricsPath,
+			Scheme:           DefaultScrapeConfig.Scheme,
+			HTTPClientConfig: config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig,
+
+			ServiceDiscoveryConfigs: discovery.Configs{
+				&vultr.SDConfig{
+					HTTPClientConfig: config.HTTPClientConfig{
+						Authorization: &config.Authorization{
+							Type:        "Bearer",
+							Credentials: "abcdef",
+						},
+						FollowRedirects: true,
+						EnableHTTP2:     true,
+					},
+					Port:            80,
 					RefreshInterval: model.Duration(60 * time.Second),
 				},
 			},
@@ -1093,7 +1145,7 @@ func TestElideSecrets(t *testing.T) {
 	yamlConfig := string(config)
 
 	matches := secretRe.FindAllStringIndex(yamlConfig, -1)
-	require.Equal(t, 16, len(matches), "wrong number of secret matches found")
+	require.Equal(t, 18, len(matches), "wrong number of secret matches found")
 	require.NotContains(t, yamlConfig, "mysecret",
 		"yaml marshal reveals authentication credentials.")
 }
@@ -1532,6 +1584,10 @@ var expectedErrors = []struct {
 		filename: "uyuni_no_server.bad.yml",
 		errMsg:   "Uyuni SD configuration requires server host",
 	},
+	{
+		filename: "ionos_datacenter.bad.yml",
+		errMsg:   "datacenter id can't be empty",
+	},
 }
 
 func TestBadConfigs(t *testing.T) {

config/testdata/conf.good.yml

@@ -367,6 +367,17 @@ scrape_configs:
         username: gopher
         password: hole
 
+  - job_name: ionos
+    ionos_sd_configs:
+      - datacenter_id: 8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0
+        authorization:
+          credentials: abcdef
+
+  - job_name: vultr
+    vultr_sd_configs:
+      - authorization:
+          credentials: abcdef
+
 alerting:
   alertmanagers:
     - scheme: https

config/testdata/ionos_datacenter.bad.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+scrape_configs:
+  - ionos_sd_configs:
+      - datacenter_id: ""

discovery/README.md

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ the Prometheus server will be able to see them.
 
 ### The SD interface
 
-A Service Discovery (SD) mechanism has to discover targets and provide them to Prometheus. We expect similar targets to be grouped together, in the form of a [target group](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/prometheus/prometheus@v1.8.2-0.20211105201321-411021ada9ab/discovery/targetgroup#Group). The SD mechanism sends the targets down to prometheus as list of target groups.
+A Service Discovery (SD) mechanism has to discover targets and provide them to Prometheus. We expect similar targets to be grouped together, in the form of a [target group](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/targetgroup#Group). The SD mechanism sends the targets down to prometheus as list of target groups.
 
 An SD mechanism has to implement the `Discoverer` Interface:
 ```go

discovery/aws/ec2.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package aws
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strings"
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/ec2"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ func (d *EC2Discovery) ec2Client(ctx context.Context) (*ec2.EC2, error) {
 		Profile: d.cfg.Profile,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create aws session")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not create aws session: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if d.cfg.RoleARN != "" {
@@ -328,10 +328,11 @@ func (d *EC2Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error
 		}
 		return true
 	}); err != nil {
-		if awsErr, ok := err.(awserr.Error); ok && (awsErr.Code() == "AuthFailure" || awsErr.Code() == "UnauthorizedOperation") {
+		var awsErr awserr.Error
+		if errors.As(err, &awsErr) && (awsErr.Code() == "AuthFailure" || awsErr.Code() == "UnauthorizedOperation") {
 			d.ec2 = nil
 		}
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not describe instances")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not describe instances: %w", err)
 	}
 	return []*targetgroup.Group{tg}, nil
 }

discovery/aws/lightsail.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package aws
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strings"
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/lightsail"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func (d *LightsailDiscovery) lightsailClient() (*lightsail.Lightsail, error) {
 		Profile: d.cfg.Profile,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create aws session")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not create aws session: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if d.cfg.RoleARN != "" {
@@ -179,10 +179,11 @@ func (d *LightsailDiscovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group,
 
 	output, err := lightsailClient.GetInstancesWithContext(ctx, input)
 	if err != nil {
-		if awsErr, ok := err.(awserr.Error); ok && (awsErr.Code() == "AuthFailure" || awsErr.Code() == "UnauthorizedOperation") {
+		var awsErr awserr.Error
+		if errors.As(err, &awsErr) && (awsErr.Code() == "AuthFailure" || awsErr.Code() == "UnauthorizedOperation") {
 			d.lightsail = nil
 		}
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get instances")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not get instances: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, inst := range output.Instances {

discovery/azure/azure.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package azure
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/azure"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	config_util "github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func (c *SDConfig) NewDiscoverer(opts discovery.DiscovererOptions) (discovery.Di
 
 func validateAuthParam(param, name string) error {
 	if len(param) == 0 {
-		return errors.Errorf("azure SD configuration requires a %s", name)
+		return fmt.Errorf("azure SD configuration requires a %s", name)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	}
 
 	if c.AuthenticationMethod != authMethodOAuth && c.AuthenticationMethod != authMethodManagedIdentity {
-		return errors.Errorf("unknown authentication_type %q. Supported types are %q or %q", c.AuthenticationMethod, authMethodOAuth, authMethodManagedIdentity)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown authentication_type %q. Supported types are %q or %q", c.AuthenticationMethod, authMethodOAuth, authMethodManagedIdentity)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ func newAzureResourceFromID(id string, logger log.Logger) (azureResource, error)
 	// /subscriptions/SUBSCRIPTION_ID/resourceGroups/RESOURCE_GROUP/providers/PROVIDER/TYPE/NAME/TYPE/NAME
 	s := strings.Split(id, "/")
 	if len(s) != 9 && len(s) != 11 {
-		err := errors.Errorf("invalid ID '%s'. Refusing to create azureResource", id)
+		err := fmt.Errorf("invalid ID '%s'. Refusing to create azureResource", id)
 		level.Error(logger).Log("err", err)
 		return azureResource{}, err
 	}
@@ -288,13 +288,13 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 	client, err := createAzureClient(*d.cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		failuresCount.Inc()
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create Azure client")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not create Azure client: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	machines, err := client.getVMs(ctx, d.cfg.ResourceGroup)
 	if err != nil {
 		failuresCount.Inc()
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get virtual machines")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not get virtual machines: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	level.Debug(d.logger).Log("msg", "Found virtual machines during Azure discovery.", "count", len(machines))
@@ -303,14 +303,14 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 	scaleSets, err := client.getScaleSets(ctx, d.cfg.ResourceGroup)
 	if err != nil {
 		failuresCount.Inc()
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get virtual machine scale sets")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not get virtual machine scale sets: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, scaleSet := range scaleSets {
 		scaleSetVms, err := client.getScaleSetVMs(ctx, scaleSet)
 		if err != nil {
 			failuresCount.Inc()
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get virtual machine scale set vms")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not get virtual machine scale set vms: %w", err)
 		}
 		machines = append(machines, scaleSetVms...)
 	}
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 						}
 						// If we made it here, we don't have a private IP which should be impossible.
 						// Return an empty target and error to ensure an all or nothing situation.
-						err = errors.Errorf("unable to find a private IP for VM %s", vm.Name)
+						err = fmt.Errorf("unable to find a private IP for VM %s", vm.Name)
 						ch <- target{labelSet: nil, err: err}
 						return
 					}
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 	for tgt := range ch {
 		if tgt.err != nil {
 			failuresCount.Inc()
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(tgt.err, "unable to complete Azure service discovery")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to complete Azure service discovery: %w", tgt.err)
 		}
 		if tgt.labelSet != nil {
 			tg.Targets = append(tg.Targets, tgt.labelSet)
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ func (client *azureClient) getVMs(ctx context.Context, resourceGroup string) ([]
 		result, err = client.vm.List(ctx, resourceGroup)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not list virtual machines")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not list virtual machines: %w", err)
 	}
 	for result.NotDone() {
 		for _, vm := range result.Values() {
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ func (client *azureClient) getVMs(ctx context.Context, resourceGroup string) ([]
 		}
 		err = result.NextWithContext(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not list virtual machines")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not list virtual machines: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -461,14 +461,14 @@ func (client *azureClient) getScaleSets(ctx context.Context, resourceGroup strin
 		var rtn compute.VirtualMachineScaleSetListWithLinkResultPage
 		rtn, err = client.vmss.ListAll(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not list virtual machine scale sets")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not list virtual machine scale sets: %w", err)
 		}
 		result = &rtn
 	} else {
 		var rtn compute.VirtualMachineScaleSetListResultPage
 		rtn, err = client.vmss.List(ctx, resourceGroup)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not list virtual machine scale sets")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not list virtual machine scale sets: %w", err)
 		}
 		result = &rtn
 	}
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ func (client *azureClient) getScaleSets(ctx context.Context, resourceGroup strin
 		scaleSets = append(scaleSets, result.Values()...)
 		err = result.NextWithContext(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not list virtual machine scale sets")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not list virtual machine scale sets: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -489,12 +489,12 @@ func (client *azureClient) getScaleSetVMs(ctx context.Context, scaleSet compute.
 	// TODO do we really need to fetch the resourcegroup this way?
 	r, err := newAzureResourceFromID(*scaleSet.ID, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not parse scale set ID")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse scale set ID: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	result, err := client.vmssvm.List(ctx, r.ResourceGroup, *(scaleSet.Name), "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not list virtual machine scale set vms")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not list virtual machine scale set vms: %w", err)
 	}
 	for result.NotDone() {
 		for _, vm := range result.Values() {
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ func (client *azureClient) getScaleSetVMs(ctx context.Context, scaleSet compute.
 		}
 		err = result.NextWithContext(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not list virtual machine scale set vms")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not list virtual machine scale set vms: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 

discovery/consul/consul.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package consul
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
 	consul "github.com/hashicorp/consul/api"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) getDatacenter() error {
 
 	dc, ok := info["Config"]["Datacenter"].(string)
 	if !ok {
-		err := errors.Errorf("invalid value '%v' for Config.Datacenter", info["Config"]["Datacenter"])
+		err := fmt.Errorf("invalid value '%v' for Config.Datacenter", info["Config"]["Datacenter"])
 		level.Error(d.logger).Log("msg", "Error retrieving datacenter name", "err", err)
 		return err
 	}

discovery/dns/dns.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package dns
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strings"
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 			return errors.New("a port is required in DNS-SD configs for all record types except SRV")
 		}
 	default:
-		return errors.Errorf("invalid DNS-SD records type %s", c.Type)
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid DNS-SD records type %s", c.Type)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 	wg.Add(len(d.names))
 	for _, name := range d.names {
 		go func(n string) {
-			if err := d.refreshOne(ctx, n, ch); err != nil && err != context.Canceled {
+			if err := d.refreshOne(ctx, n, ch); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 				level.Error(d.logger).Log("msg", "Error refreshing DNS targets", "err", err)
 			}
 			wg.Done()
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) refreshOne(ctx context.Context, name string, ch chan<- *targ
 func lookupWithSearchPath(name string, qtype uint16, logger log.Logger) (*dns.Msg, error) {
 	conf, err := dns.ClientConfigFromFile(resolvConf)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not load resolv.conf")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not load resolv.conf: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	allResponsesValid := true
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ func lookupWithSearchPath(name string, qtype uint16, logger log.Logger) (*dns.Ms
 		return &dns.Msg{}, nil
 	}
 	// Outcome 3: boned.
-	return nil, errors.Errorf("could not resolve %q: all servers responded with errors to at least one search domain", name)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not resolve %q: all servers responded with errors to at least one search domain", name)
 }
 
 // lookupFromAnyServer uses all configured servers to try and resolve a specific
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ func lookupFromAnyServer(name string, qtype uint16, conf *dns.ClientConfig, logg
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil, errors.Errorf("could not resolve %s: no servers returned a viable answer", name)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not resolve %s: no servers returned a viable answer", name)
 }
 
 // askServerForName makes a request to a specific DNS server for a specific

discovery/eureka/client.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/version"
 )
 
@@ -99,13 +98,13 @@ func fetchApps(ctx context.Context, server string, client *http.Client) (*Applic
 	}()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode/100 != 2 {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("non 2xx status '%d' response during eureka service discovery", resp.StatusCode)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("non 2xx status '%d' response during eureka service discovery", resp.StatusCode)
 	}
 
 	var apps Applications
 	err = xml.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&apps)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "%q", url)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q: %w", url, err)
 	}
 	return &apps, nil
 }

discovery/eureka/eureka.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package eureka
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
@@ -22,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 

discovery/file/file.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package file
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
 	"github.com/grafana/regexp"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	}
 	for _, name := range c.Files {
 		if !patFileSDName.MatchString(name) {
-			return errors.Errorf("path name %q is not valid for file discovery", name)
+			return fmt.Errorf("path name %q is not valid for file discovery", name)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) readFile(filename string) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	default:
-		panic(errors.Errorf("discovery.File.readFile: unhandled file extension %q", ext))
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("discovery.File.readFile: unhandled file extension %q", ext))
 	}
 
 	for i, tg := range targetGroups {

discovery/gce/gce.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package gce
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
@@ -22,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
 	compute "google.golang.org/api/compute/v1"
@@ -132,11 +132,11 @@ func NewDiscovery(conf SDConfig, logger log.Logger) (*Discovery, error) {
 	var err error
 	d.client, err = google.DefaultClient(context.Background(), compute.ComputeReadonlyScope)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error setting up communication with GCE service")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error setting up communication with GCE service: %w", err)
 	}
 	d.svc, err = compute.NewService(context.Background(), option.WithHTTPClient(d.client))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error setting up communication with GCE service")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error setting up communication with GCE service: %w", err)
 	}
 	d.isvc = compute.NewInstancesService(d.svc)
 
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 		return nil
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error retrieving refresh targets from gce")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error retrieving refresh targets from gce: %w", err)
 	}
 	return []*targetgroup.Group{tg}, nil
 }

discovery/hetzner/hetzner.go

@@ -15,11 +15,12 @@ package hetzner
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/hcloud"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ func (c *role) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	case hetznerRoleRobot, hetznerRoleHcloud:
 		return nil
 	default:
-		return errors.Errorf("unknown role %q", *c)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown role %q", *c)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -114,6 +115,11 @@ func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	return c.HTTPClientConfig.Validate()
 }
 
+// SetDirectory joins any relative file paths with dir.
+func (c *SDConfig) SetDirectory(dir string) {
+	c.HTTPClientConfig.SetDirectory(dir)
+}
+
 // Discovery periodically performs Hetzner requests. It implements
 // the Discoverer interface.
 type Discovery struct {

discovery/hetzner/robot.go

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/version"
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ func (d *robotDiscovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, err
 	}()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode/100 != 2 {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("non 2xx status '%d' response during hetzner service discovery with role robot", resp.StatusCode)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("non 2xx status '%d' response during hetzner service discovery with role robot", resp.StatusCode)
 	}
 
 	b, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

discovery/http/http.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package http
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -26,7 +27,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/grafana/regexp"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
@@ -162,12 +162,12 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		failuresCount.Inc()
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("server returned HTTP status %s", resp.Status)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("server returned HTTP status %s", resp.Status)
 	}
 
 	if !matchContentType.MatchString(strings.TrimSpace(resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"))) {
 		failuresCount.Inc()
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("unsupported content type %q", resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported content type %q", resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
 	}
 
 	b, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

discovery/install/install.go

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/gce"          // register gce
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/hetzner"      // register hetzner
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/http"         // register http
+	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/ionos"        // register ionos
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/kubernetes"   // register kubernetes
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/linode"       // register linode
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/marathon"     // register marathon
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/scaleway"     // register scaleway
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/triton"       // register triton
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/uyuni"        // register uyuni
+	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/vultr"        // register vultr
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/xds"          // register xds
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/zookeeper"    // register zookeeper
 )

discovery/ionos/ionos.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package ionos
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-kit/log"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/refresh"
+)
+
+const (
+	// metaLabelPrefix is the meta prefix used for all meta labels in this
+	// discovery.
+	metaLabelPrefix    = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "ionos_"
+	metaLabelSeparator = ","
+)
+
+func init() {
+	discovery.RegisterConfig(&SDConfig{})
+}
+
+// Discovery periodically performs IONOS Cloud target discovery. It implements
+// the Discoverer interface.
+type Discovery struct{}
+
+// NewDiscovery returns a new refresh.Discovery for IONOS Cloud.
+func NewDiscovery(conf *SDConfig, logger log.Logger) (*refresh.Discovery, error) {
+	if conf.ionosEndpoint == "" {
+		conf.ionosEndpoint = "https://api.ionos.com"
+	}
+
+	d, err := newServerDiscovery(conf, logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return refresh.NewDiscovery(
+		logger,
+		"ionos",
+		time.Duration(conf.RefreshInterval),
+		d.refresh,
+	), nil
+}
+
+// DefaultSDConfig is the default IONOS Cloud service discovery configuration.
+var DefaultSDConfig = SDConfig{
+	HTTPClientConfig: config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig,
+	RefreshInterval:  model.Duration(60 * time.Second),
+	Port:             80,
+}
+
+// SDConfig configuration to use for IONOS Cloud Discovery.
+type SDConfig struct {
+	// DatacenterID: IONOS Cloud data center ID used to discover targets.
+	DatacenterID string `yaml:"datacenter_id"`
+
+	HTTPClientConfig config.HTTPClientConfig `yaml:",inline"`
+
+	RefreshInterval model.Duration `yaml:"refresh_interval"`
+	Port            int            `yaml:"port"`
+
+	ionosEndpoint string // For tests only.
+}
+
+// Name returns the name of the IONOS Cloud service discovery.
+func (c SDConfig) Name() string {
+	return "ionos"
+}
+
+// NewDiscoverer returns a new discovery.Discoverer for IONOS Cloud.
+func (c SDConfig) NewDiscoverer(options discovery.DiscovererOptions) (discovery.Discoverer, error) {
+	return NewDiscovery(&c, options.Logger)
+}
+
+// UnmarshalYAML implements the yaml.Unmarshaler interface.
+func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
+	*c = DefaultSDConfig
+	type plain SDConfig
+	err := unmarshal((*plain)(c))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if c.DatacenterID == "" {
+		return errors.New("datacenter id can't be empty")
+	}
+
+	return c.HTTPClientConfig.Validate()
+}
+
+// SetDirectory joins any relative file paths with dir.
+func (c *SDConfig) SetDirectory(dir string) {
+	c.HTTPClientConfig.SetDirectory(dir)
+}

discovery/ionos/server.go

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package ionos
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-kit/log"
+	ionoscloud "github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/version"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/refresh"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/targetgroup"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/strutil"
+)
+
+const (
+	serverLabelPrefix = metaLabelPrefix + "server_"
+
+	serverAvailabilityZoneLabel = serverLabelPrefix + "availability_zone"
+	serverBootCDROMIDLabel      = serverLabelPrefix + "boot_cdrom_id"
+	serverBootImageIDLabel      = serverLabelPrefix + "boot_image_id"
+	serverBootVolumeIDLabel     = serverLabelPrefix + "boot_volume_id"
+	serverCPUFamilyLabel        = serverLabelPrefix + "cpu_family"
+	serverIDLabel               = serverLabelPrefix + "id"
+	serverIPLabel               = serverLabelPrefix + "ip"
+	serverLifecycleLabel        = serverLabelPrefix + "lifecycle"
+	serverNameLabel             = serverLabelPrefix + "name"
+	serverNICIPLabelPrefix      = serverLabelPrefix + "nic_ip_"
+	serverServersIDLabel        = serverLabelPrefix + "servers_id"
+	serverStateLabel            = serverLabelPrefix + "state"
+	serverTypeLabel             = serverLabelPrefix + "type"
+
+	nicDefaultName = "unnamed"
+)
+
+type serverDiscovery struct {
+	*refresh.Discovery
+	client       *ionoscloud.APIClient
+	port         int
+	datacenterID string
+}
+
+func newServerDiscovery(conf *SDConfig, logger log.Logger) (*serverDiscovery, error) {
+	d := &serverDiscovery{
+		port:         conf.Port,
+		datacenterID: conf.DatacenterID,
+	}
+
+	rt, err := config.NewRoundTripperFromConfig(conf.HTTPClientConfig, "ionos_sd")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Username, password and token are set via http client config.
+	cfg := ionoscloud.NewConfiguration("", "", "", conf.ionosEndpoint)
+	cfg.HTTPClient = &http.Client{
+		Transport: rt,
+		Timeout:   time.Duration(conf.RefreshInterval),
+	}
+	cfg.UserAgent = fmt.Sprintf("Prometheus/%s", version.Version)
+
+	d.client = ionoscloud.NewAPIClient(cfg)
+
+	return d, nil
+}
+
+func (d *serverDiscovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
+	api := d.client.ServersApi
+
+	servers, _, err := api.DatacentersServersGet(ctx, d.datacenterID).
+		Depth(3).
+		Execute()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var targets []model.LabelSet
+	for _, server := range *servers.Items {
+		var ips []string
+		ipsByNICName := make(map[string][]string)
+
+		if server.Entities != nil && server.Entities.Nics != nil {
+			for _, nic := range *server.Entities.Nics.Items {
+				nicName := nicDefaultName
+				if name := nic.Properties.Name; name != nil {
+					nicName = *name
+				}
+
+				nicIPs := *nic.Properties.Ips
+				ips = append(nicIPs, ips...)
+				ipsByNICName[nicName] = append(nicIPs, ipsByNICName[nicName]...)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// If a server has no IP addresses, it's being dropped from the targets.
+		if len(ips) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		addr := net.JoinHostPort(ips[0], strconv.FormatUint(uint64(d.port), 10))
+		labels := model.LabelSet{
+			model.AddressLabel:          model.LabelValue(addr),
+			serverAvailabilityZoneLabel: model.LabelValue(*server.Properties.AvailabilityZone),
+			serverCPUFamilyLabel:        model.LabelValue(*server.Properties.CpuFamily),
+			serverServersIDLabel:        model.LabelValue(*servers.Id),
+			serverIDLabel:               model.LabelValue(*server.Id),
+			serverIPLabel:               model.LabelValue(join(ips, metaLabelSeparator)),
+			serverLifecycleLabel:        model.LabelValue(*server.Metadata.State),
+			serverNameLabel:             model.LabelValue(*server.Properties.Name),
+			serverStateLabel:            model.LabelValue(*server.Properties.VmState),
+			serverTypeLabel:             model.LabelValue(*server.Properties.Type),
+		}
+
+		for nicName, nicIPs := range ipsByNICName {
+			name := serverNICIPLabelPrefix + strutil.SanitizeLabelName(nicName)
+			labels[model.LabelName(name)] = model.LabelValue(join(nicIPs, metaLabelSeparator))
+		}
+
+		if server.Properties.BootCdrom != nil {
+			labels[serverBootCDROMIDLabel] = model.LabelValue(*server.Properties.BootCdrom.Id)
+		}
+
+		if server.Properties.BootVolume != nil {
+			labels[serverBootVolumeIDLabel] = model.LabelValue(*server.Properties.BootVolume.Id)
+		}
+
+		if server.Entities != nil && server.Entities.Volumes != nil {
+			volumes := *server.Entities.Volumes.Items
+			if len(volumes) > 0 {
+				image := volumes[0].Properties.Image
+				if image != nil {
+					labels[serverBootImageIDLabel] = model.LabelValue(*image)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		targets = append(targets, labels)
+	}
+
+	return []*targetgroup.Group{{Source: "ionos", Targets: targets}}, nil
+}
+
+// join returns strings.Join with additional separators at beginning and end.
+func join(elems []string, sep string) string {
+	return sep + strings.Join(elems, sep) + sep
+}

discovery/ionos/server_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package ionos
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	ionoscloud "github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+var (
+	ionosTestBearerToken  = config.Secret("jwt")
+	ionosTestDatacenterID = "8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0"
+)
+
+func TestIONOSServerRefresh(t *testing.T) {
+	mock := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(mockIONOSServers))
+	defer mock.Close()
+
+	cfg := DefaultSDConfig
+	cfg.DatacenterID = ionosTestDatacenterID
+	cfg.HTTPClientConfig.BearerToken = ionosTestBearerToken
+	cfg.ionosEndpoint = mock.URL
+
+	d, err := newServerDiscovery(&cfg, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	tgs, err := d.refresh(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(tgs))
+
+	tg := tgs[0]
+	require.NotNil(t, tg)
+	require.NotNil(t, tg.Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(tg.Targets))
+
+	for i, lbls := range []model.LabelSet{
+		{
+			"__address__":                           "85.215.243.177:80",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_availability_zone": "ZONE_2",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_boot_cdrom_id":     "0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_cpu_family":        "INTEL_SKYLAKE",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_id":                "b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_ip":                ",85.215.243.177,185.56.150.9,85.215.238.118,",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_nic_ip_metrics":    ",85.215.243.177,",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_nic_ip_unnamed":    ",185.56.150.9,85.215.238.118,",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_lifecycle":         "AVAILABLE",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_name":              "prometheus-2",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_servers_id":        "8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_state":             "RUNNING",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_type":              "ENTERPRISE",
+		},
+		{
+			"__address__":                           "85.215.248.84:80",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_availability_zone": "ZONE_1",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_boot_cdrom_id":     "0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_cpu_family":        "INTEL_SKYLAKE",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_id":                "523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_ip":                ",85.215.248.84,",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_nic_ip_unnamed":    ",85.215.248.84,",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_lifecycle":         "AVAILABLE",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_name":              "prometheus-1",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_servers_id":        "8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_state":             "RUNNING",
+			"__meta_ionos_server_type":              "ENTERPRISE",
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("item %d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, lbls, tg.Targets[i])
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func mockIONOSServers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Header.Get("Authorization") != fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", ionosTestBearerToken) {
+		http.Error(w, "bad token", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		return
+	}
+	if r.URL.Path != fmt.Sprintf("%s/datacenters/%s/servers", ionoscloud.DefaultIonosBasePath, ionosTestDatacenterID) {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("bad url: %s", r.URL.Path), http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	server, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/servers.json")
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	_, err = w.Write(server)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+}

discovery/ionos/testdata/servers.json

@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+{
+  "id": "8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers",
+  "type": "collection",
+  "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers",
+  "items": [
+    {
+      "id": "d6bf44ee-f7e8-4e19-8716-96fdd18cc697",
+      "type": "server",
+      "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/d6bf44ee-f7e8-4e19-8716-96fdd18cc697",
+      "metadata": {
+        "etag": "3bd2cf1f190fdba8502ba8c0cc79433e",
+        "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+        "createdBy": "System",
+        "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+        "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+        "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+        "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+        "state": "AVAILABLE"
+      },
+      "properties": {
+        "name": "prometheus-3",
+        "cores": 2,
+        "ram": 4096,
+        "availabilityZone": "AUTO",
+        "vmState": "RUNNING",
+        "bootCdrom": {
+          "id": "0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+          "type": "image",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/images/0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+          "metadata": {
+            "etag": "ca643281fd2a5b68002bc00ac0ecd920",
+            "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+            "createdBy": "System",
+            "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+            "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+            "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+            "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+            "state": "AVAILABLE"
+          },
+          "properties": {
+            "name": "debian-10.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso",
+            "description": null,
+            "location": "de/txl",
+            "size": 0.33,
+            "cpuHotPlug": true,
+            "cpuHotUnplug": false,
+            "ramHotPlug": true,
+            "ramHotUnplug": false,
+            "nicHotPlug": true,
+            "nicHotUnplug": true,
+            "discVirtioHotPlug": true,
+            "discVirtioHotUnplug": true,
+            "discScsiHotPlug": false,
+            "discScsiHotUnplug": false,
+            "licenceType": "LINUX",
+            "imageType": "CDROM",
+            "imageAliases": [
+              "debian:latest_iso",
+              "debian:10_iso"
+            ],
+            "cloudInit": "NONE",
+            "public": true
+          }
+        },
+        "bootVolume": null,
+        "cpuFamily": "INTEL_SKYLAKE",
+        "type": "ENTERPRISE"
+      },
+      "entities": {
+        "cdroms": {
+          "id": "d6bf44ee-f7e8-4e19-8716-96fdd18cc697/cdroms",
+          "type": "collection",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/d6bf44ee-f7e8-4e19-8716-96fdd18cc697/cdroms",
+          "items": [
+            {
+              "id": "0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+              "type": "image",
+              "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/images/0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+              "metadata": {
+                "etag": "ca643281fd2a5b68002bc00ac0ecd920",
+                "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "createdBy": "System",
+                "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+                "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "state": "AVAILABLE"
+              },
+              "properties": {
+                "name": "debian-10.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso",
+                "description": null,
+                "location": "de/txl",
+                "size": 0.33,
+                "cpuHotPlug": true,
+                "cpuHotUnplug": false,
+                "ramHotPlug": true,
+                "ramHotUnplug": false,
+                "nicHotPlug": true,
+                "nicHotUnplug": true,
+                "discVirtioHotPlug": true,
+                "discVirtioHotUnplug": true,
+                "discScsiHotPlug": false,
+                "discScsiHotUnplug": false,
+                "licenceType": "LINUX",
+                "imageType": "CDROM",
+                "imageAliases": [
+                  "debian:10_iso",
+                  "debian:latest_iso"
+                ],
+                "cloudInit": "NONE",
+                "public": true
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        "volumes": {
+          "id": "d6bf44ee-f7e8-4e19-8716-96fdd18cc697/volumes",
+          "type": "collection",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/d6bf44ee-f7e8-4e19-8716-96fdd18cc697/volumes",
+          "items": []
+        },
+        "nics": {
+          "id": "d6bf44ee-f7e8-4e19-8716-96fdd18cc697/nics",
+          "type": "collection",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/d6bf44ee-f7e8-4e19-8716-96fdd18cc697/nics",
+          "items": []
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4",
+      "type": "server",
+      "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4",
+      "metadata": {
+        "etag": "fe405a5f2e041d506086ee0c2159b678",
+        "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+        "createdBy": "System",
+        "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+        "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+        "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+        "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+        "state": "AVAILABLE"
+      },
+      "properties": {
+        "name": "prometheus-2",
+        "cores": 1,
+        "ram": 1024,
+        "availabilityZone": "ZONE_2",
+        "vmState": "RUNNING",
+        "bootCdrom": {
+          "id": "0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+          "type": "image",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/images/0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+          "metadata": {
+            "etag": "ca643281fd2a5b68002bc00ac0ecd920",
+            "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+            "createdBy": "System",
+            "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+            "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+            "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+            "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+            "state": "AVAILABLE"
+          },
+          "properties": {
+            "name": "debian-10.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso",
+            "description": null,
+            "location": "de/txl",
+            "size": 0.33,
+            "cpuHotPlug": true,
+            "cpuHotUnplug": false,
+            "ramHotPlug": true,
+            "ramHotUnplug": false,
+            "nicHotPlug": true,
+            "nicHotUnplug": true,
+            "discVirtioHotPlug": true,
+            "discVirtioHotUnplug": true,
+            "discScsiHotPlug": false,
+            "discScsiHotUnplug": false,
+            "licenceType": "LINUX",
+            "imageType": "CDROM",
+            "imageAliases": [
+              "debian:latest_iso",
+              "debian:10_iso"
+            ],
+            "cloudInit": "NONE",
+            "public": true
+          }
+        },
+        "bootVolume": null,
+        "cpuFamily": "INTEL_SKYLAKE",
+        "type": "ENTERPRISE"
+      },
+      "entities": {
+        "cdroms": {
+          "id": "b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/cdroms",
+          "type": "collection",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/cdroms",
+          "items": [
+            {
+              "id": "0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+              "type": "image",
+              "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/images/0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+              "metadata": {
+                "etag": "ca643281fd2a5b68002bc00ac0ecd920",
+                "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "createdBy": "System",
+                "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+                "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "state": "AVAILABLE"
+              },
+              "properties": {
+                "name": "debian-10.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso",
+                "description": null,
+                "location": "de/txl",
+                "size": 0.33,
+                "cpuHotPlug": true,
+                "cpuHotUnplug": false,
+                "ramHotPlug": true,
+                "ramHotUnplug": false,
+                "nicHotPlug": true,
+                "nicHotUnplug": true,
+                "discVirtioHotPlug": true,
+                "discVirtioHotUnplug": true,
+                "discScsiHotPlug": false,
+                "discScsiHotUnplug": false,
+                "licenceType": "LINUX",
+                "imageType": "CDROM",
+                "imageAliases": [
+                  "debian:10_iso",
+                  "debian:latest_iso"
+                ],
+                "cloudInit": "NONE",
+                "public": true
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        "volumes": {
+          "id": "b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/volumes",
+          "type": "collection",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/volumes",
+          "items": [
+            {
+              "id": "97a58f00-e2a5-4ebb-8b9a-f694837b0548",
+              "type": "volume",
+              "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/volumes/97a58f00-e2a5-4ebb-8b9a-f694837b0548",
+              "metadata": {
+                "etag": "27491713a77c5453c6ae7d0f98a1beec",
+                "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "createdBy": "System",
+                "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+                "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "state": "AVAILABLE"
+              },
+              "properties": {
+                "name": "prometheus-data-1",
+                "type": "HDD",
+                "size": 10,
+                "availabilityZone": "AUTO",
+                "image": null,
+                "imagePassword": null,
+                "sshKeys": null,
+                "bus": "VIRTIO",
+                "licenceType": "UNKNOWN",
+                "cpuHotPlug": false,
+                "ramHotPlug": false,
+                "nicHotPlug": false,
+                "nicHotUnplug": false,
+                "discVirtioHotPlug": false,
+                "discVirtioHotUnplug": false,
+                "deviceNumber": 1,
+                "userData": null,
+                "pciSlot": 6,
+                "bootServer": "b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        "nics": {
+          "id": "b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics",
+          "type": "collection",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics",
+          "items": [
+            {
+              "id": "206e9a88-097c-4c87-8544-1f5fe0b6b0f1",
+              "type": "nic",
+              "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics/206e9a88-097c-4c87-8544-1f5fe0b6b0f1",
+              "metadata": {
+                "etag": "be2b6fff29e7e09c1a4a5ca150876eaa",
+                "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "createdBy": "System",
+                "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+                "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "state": "AVAILABLE"
+              },
+              "properties": {
+                "name": null,
+                "mac": "02:01:4b:1c:cf:57",
+                "ips": [
+                  "85.215.238.118"
+                ],
+                "dhcp": true,
+                "lan": 1,
+                "firewallActive": false,
+                "firewallType": "INGRESS",
+                "deviceNumber": 1,
+                "pciSlot": 5
+              },
+              "entities": {
+                "firewallrules": {
+                  "id": "206e9a88-097c-4c87-8544-1f5fe0b6b0f1/firewallrules",
+                  "type": "collection",
+                  "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics/206e9a88-097c-4c87-8544-1f5fe0b6b0f1/firewallrules"
+                },
+                "flowlogs": {
+                  "id": "206e9a88-097c-4c87-8544-1f5fe0b6b0f1/flowlogs",
+                  "type": "collection",
+                  "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics/206e9a88-097c-4c87-8544-1f5fe0b6b0f1/flowlogs"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "id": "8a568a32-da62-437d-8b73-f580d1a1588f",
+              "type": "nic",
+              "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics/8a568a32-da62-437d-8b73-f580d1a1588f",
+              "metadata": {
+                "etag": "2dca0340a0610b1dfdb2e66f6aae3ed3",
+                "createdDate": "2022-05-05T13:12:31Z",
+                "createdBy": "felix.ehrenpfort@codecentric.cloud",
+                "createdByUserId": "cfcb4526-fbe0-461e-9149-ffb00a83fbec",
+                "lastModifiedDate": "2022-05-05T13:12:31Z",
+                "lastModifiedBy": "felix.ehrenpfort@codecentric.cloud",
+                "lastModifiedByUserId": "cfcb4526-fbe0-461e-9149-ffb00a83fbec",
+                "state": "AVAILABLE"
+              },
+              "properties": {
+                "name": null,
+                "mac": "02:01:56:f6:47:a8",
+                "ips": [
+                  "185.56.150.9"
+                ],
+                "dhcp": true,
+                "lan": 1,
+                "firewallActive": false,
+                "firewallType": "INGRESS",
+                "deviceNumber": 3,
+                "pciSlot": 8
+              },
+              "entities": {
+                "firewallrules": {
+                  "id": "8a568a32-da62-437d-8b73-f580d1a1588f/firewallrules",
+                  "type": "collection",
+                  "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics/8a568a32-da62-437d-8b73-f580d1a1588f/firewallrules"
+                },
+                "flowlogs": {
+                  "id": "8a568a32-da62-437d-8b73-f580d1a1588f/flowlogs",
+                  "type": "collection",
+                  "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics/8a568a32-da62-437d-8b73-f580d1a1588f/flowlogs"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "id": "17ecc866-4a08-4ada-858f-7b726a5f5070",
+              "type": "nic",
+              "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics/17ecc866-4a08-4ada-858f-7b726a5f5070",
+              "metadata": {
+                "etag": "f6a82276c6fdb460811d3789e54e0054",
+                "createdDate": "2022-05-05T11:45:36Z",
+                "createdBy": "felix.ehrenpfort@codecentric.cloud",
+                "createdByUserId": "cfcb4526-fbe0-461e-9149-ffb00a83fbec",
+                "lastModifiedDate": "2022-05-05T11:45:36Z",
+                "lastModifiedBy": "felix.ehrenpfort@codecentric.cloud",
+                "lastModifiedByUserId": "cfcb4526-fbe0-461e-9149-ffb00a83fbec",
+                "state": "AVAILABLE"
+              },
+              "properties": {
+                "name": "metrics",
+                "mac": "02:01:93:80:fa:a4",
+                "ips": [
+                  "85.215.243.177"
+                ],
+                "dhcp": true,
+                "lan": 1,
+                "firewallActive": false,
+                "firewallType": "INGRESS",
+                "deviceNumber": 2,
+                "pciSlot": 7
+              },
+              "entities": {
+                "firewallrules": {
+                  "id": "17ecc866-4a08-4ada-858f-7b726a5f5070/firewallrules",
+                  "type": "collection",
+                  "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics/17ecc866-4a08-4ada-858f-7b726a5f5070/firewallrules"
+                },
+                "flowlogs": {
+                  "id": "17ecc866-4a08-4ada-858f-7b726a5f5070/flowlogs",
+                  "type": "collection",
+                  "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/b501942c-4e08-43e6-8ec1-00e59c64e0e4/nics/17ecc866-4a08-4ada-858f-7b726a5f5070/flowlogs"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30",
+      "type": "server",
+      "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30",
+      "metadata": {
+        "etag": "fe405a5f2e041d506086ee0c2159b678",
+        "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+        "createdBy": "System",
+        "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+        "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+        "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+        "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+        "state": "AVAILABLE"
+      },
+      "properties": {
+        "name": "prometheus-1",
+        "cores": 1,
+        "ram": 1024,
+        "availabilityZone": "ZONE_1",
+        "vmState": "RUNNING",
+        "bootCdrom": {
+          "id": "0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+          "type": "image",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/images/0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+          "metadata": {
+            "etag": "ca643281fd2a5b68002bc00ac0ecd920",
+            "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+            "createdBy": "System",
+            "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+            "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+            "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+            "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+            "state": "AVAILABLE"
+          },
+          "properties": {
+            "name": "debian-10.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso",
+            "description": null,
+            "location": "de/txl",
+            "size": 0.33,
+            "cpuHotPlug": true,
+            "cpuHotUnplug": false,
+            "ramHotPlug": true,
+            "ramHotUnplug": false,
+            "nicHotPlug": true,
+            "nicHotUnplug": true,
+            "discVirtioHotPlug": true,
+            "discVirtioHotUnplug": true,
+            "discScsiHotPlug": false,
+            "discScsiHotUnplug": false,
+            "licenceType": "LINUX",
+            "imageType": "CDROM",
+            "imageAliases": [
+              "debian:latest_iso",
+              "debian:10_iso"
+            ],
+            "cloudInit": "NONE",
+            "public": true
+          }
+        },
+        "bootVolume": null,
+        "cpuFamily": "INTEL_SKYLAKE",
+        "type": "ENTERPRISE"
+      },
+      "entities": {
+        "cdroms": {
+          "id": "523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30/cdroms",
+          "type": "collection",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30/cdroms",
+          "items": [
+            {
+              "id": "0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+              "type": "image",
+              "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/images/0e4d57f9-cd78-11e9-b88c-525400f64d8d",
+              "metadata": {
+                "etag": "ca643281fd2a5b68002bc00ac0ecd920",
+                "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "createdBy": "System",
+                "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+                "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "state": "AVAILABLE"
+              },
+              "properties": {
+                "name": "debian-10.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso",
+                "description": null,
+                "location": "de/txl",
+                "size": 0.33,
+                "cpuHotPlug": true,
+                "cpuHotUnplug": false,
+                "ramHotPlug": true,
+                "ramHotUnplug": false,
+                "nicHotPlug": true,
+                "nicHotUnplug": true,
+                "discVirtioHotPlug": true,
+                "discVirtioHotUnplug": true,
+                "discScsiHotPlug": false,
+                "discScsiHotUnplug": false,
+                "licenceType": "LINUX",
+                "imageType": "CDROM",
+                "imageAliases": [
+                  "debian:10_iso",
+                  "debian:latest_iso"
+                ],
+                "cloudInit": "NONE",
+                "public": true
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        "volumes": {
+          "id": "523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30/volumes",
+          "type": "collection",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30/volumes",
+          "items": [
+            {
+              "id": "5dc21326-7e33-4dc7-84ac-63b02aad4624",
+              "type": "volume",
+              "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/volumes/5dc21326-7e33-4dc7-84ac-63b02aad4624",
+              "metadata": {
+                "etag": "27491713a77c5453c6ae7d0f98a1beec",
+                "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "createdBy": "System",
+                "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+                "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "state": "AVAILABLE"
+              },
+              "properties": {
+                "name": "prometheus-data-2",
+                "type": "HDD",
+                "size": 10,
+                "availabilityZone": "AUTO",
+                "image": null,
+                "imagePassword": null,
+                "sshKeys": null,
+                "bus": "VIRTIO",
+                "licenceType": "UNKNOWN",
+                "cpuHotPlug": false,
+                "ramHotPlug": false,
+                "nicHotPlug": false,
+                "nicHotUnplug": false,
+                "discVirtioHotPlug": false,
+                "discVirtioHotUnplug": false,
+                "deviceNumber": 1,
+                "userData": null,
+                "pciSlot": 6,
+                "bootServer": "523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        "nics": {
+          "id": "523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30/nics",
+          "type": "collection",
+          "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30/nics",
+          "items": [
+            {
+              "id": "684033a2-317f-4977-8a01-68263d59336c",
+              "type": "nic",
+              "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30/nics/684033a2-317f-4977-8a01-68263d59336c",
+              "metadata": {
+                "etag": "fe405a5f2e041d506086ee0c2159b678",
+                "createdDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "createdBy": "System",
+                "createdByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "lastModifiedDate": "2019-09-02T11:51:53Z",
+                "lastModifiedBy": "System",
+                "lastModifiedByUserId": "[UNKNOWN]",
+                "state": "AVAILABLE"
+              },
+              "properties": {
+                "name": null,
+                "mac": "02:01:17:12:27:1b",
+                "ips": [
+                  "85.215.248.84"
+                ],
+                "dhcp": true,
+                "lan": 1,
+                "firewallActive": false,
+                "firewallType": "INGRESS",
+                "deviceNumber": 1,
+                "pciSlot": 5
+              },
+              "entities": {
+                "firewallrules": {
+                  "id": "684033a2-317f-4977-8a01-68263d59336c/firewallrules",
+                  "type": "collection",
+                  "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30/nics/684033a2-317f-4977-8a01-68263d59336c/firewallrules"
+                },
+                "flowlogs": {
+                  "id": "684033a2-317f-4977-8a01-68263d59336c/flowlogs",
+                  "type": "collection",
+                  "href": "https://api.ionos.com/cloudapi/v6/datacenters/8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0/servers/523415e6-ff8c-4dc0-86d3-09c256039b30/nics/684033a2-317f-4977-8a01-68263d59336c/flowlogs"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

discovery/kubernetes/endpoints.go

@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@ package kubernetes
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	apiv1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ func (e *Endpoints) Run(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group) {
 	defer e.queue.ShutDown()
 
 	if !cache.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done(), e.endpointsInf.HasSynced, e.serviceInf.HasSynced, e.podInf.HasSynced) {
-		if ctx.Err() != context.Canceled {
+		if !errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 			level.Error(e.logger).Log("msg", "endpoints informer unable to sync cache")
 		}
 		return
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ func convertToEndpoints(o interface{}) (*apiv1.Endpoints, error) {
 		return endpoints, nil
 	}
 
-	return nil, errors.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o)
 }
 
 func endpointsSource(ep *apiv1.Endpoints) string {

discovery/kubernetes/endpointslice.go

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ package kubernetes
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	apiv1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/discovery/v1"
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func (e *EndpointSlice) getEndpointSliceAdaptor(o interface{}) (endpointSliceAda
 	case *v1beta1.EndpointSlice:
 		return newEndpointSliceAdaptorFromV1beta1(endpointSlice), nil
 	default:
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o)
 	}
 }
 

discovery/kubernetes/endpointslice_test.go

@@ -644,10 +644,16 @@ func TestEndpointSliceDiscoveryWithServiceUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 				Targets: []model.LabelSet{
 					{
 						"__address__": "1.2.3.4:9000",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_hostname": "testendpoint1",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":              "9000",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":         "testport",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":     "TCP",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_address_target_kind":                "",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_address_target_name":                "",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_conditions_ready":          "true",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_hostname":                  "testendpoint1",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_topology_present_topology": "true",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_topology_topology":         "value",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":                               "9000",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_app_protocol":                  "http",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":                          "testport",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":                      "TCP",
 					},
 					{
 						"__address__": "2.3.4.5:9000",
@@ -655,6 +661,7 @@ func TestEndpointSliceDiscoveryWithServiceUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":                      "9000",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":                 "testport",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":             "TCP",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_app_protocol":         "http",
 					},
 					{
 						"__address__": "3.4.5.6:9000",
@@ -662,6 +669,7 @@ func TestEndpointSliceDiscoveryWithServiceUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":                      "9000",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":                 "testport",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":             "TCP",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_app_protocol":         "http",
 					},
 				},
 				Labels: model.LabelSet{
@@ -755,10 +763,16 @@ func TestEndpointSliceDiscoveryNamespaces(t *testing.T) {
 				Targets: []model.LabelSet{
 					{
 						"__address__": "1.2.3.4:9000",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_hostname": "testendpoint1",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":              "9000",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":         "testport",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":     "TCP",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_address_target_kind":                "",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_address_target_name":                "",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_conditions_ready":          "true",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_hostname":                  "testendpoint1",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_topology_present_topology": "true",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_topology_topology":         "value",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":                               "9000",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_app_protocol":                  "http",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":                          "testport",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":                      "TCP",
 					},
 					{
 						"__address__": "2.3.4.5:9000",
@@ -766,6 +780,7 @@ func TestEndpointSliceDiscoveryNamespaces(t *testing.T) {
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":                      "9000",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":                 "testport",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":             "TCP",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_app_protocol":         "http",
 					},
 					{
 						"__address__": "3.4.5.6:9000",
@@ -773,6 +788,7 @@ func TestEndpointSliceDiscoveryNamespaces(t *testing.T) {
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":                      "9000",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":                 "testport",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":             "TCP",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_app_protocol":         "http",
 					},
 				},
 				Labels: model.LabelSet{
@@ -871,10 +887,16 @@ func TestEndpointSliceDiscoveryOwnNamespace(t *testing.T) {
 				Targets: []model.LabelSet{
 					{
 						"__address__": "1.2.3.4:9000",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_hostname": "testendpoint1",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":              "9000",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":         "testport",
-						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":     "TCP",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_address_target_kind":                "",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_address_target_name":                "",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_conditions_ready":          "true",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_hostname":                  "testendpoint1",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_topology_present_topology": "true",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_endpoint_topology_topology":         "value",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":                               "9000",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_app_protocol":                  "http",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":                          "testport",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":                      "TCP",
 					},
 					{
 						"__address__": "2.3.4.5:9000",
@@ -882,6 +904,7 @@ func TestEndpointSliceDiscoveryOwnNamespace(t *testing.T) {
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":                      "9000",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":                 "testport",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":             "TCP",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_app_protocol":         "http",
 					},
 					{
 						"__address__": "3.4.5.6:9000",
@@ -889,6 +912,7 @@ func TestEndpointSliceDiscoveryOwnNamespace(t *testing.T) {
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port":                      "9000",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_name":                 "testport",
 						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_protocol":             "TCP",
+						"__meta_kubernetes_endpointslice_port_app_protocol":         "http",
 					},
 				},
 				Labels: model.LabelSet{

discovery/kubernetes/ingress.go

@@ -15,11 +15,12 @@ package kubernetes
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/networking/v1"
 	"k8s.io/api/networking/v1beta1"
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ func (i *Ingress) Run(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group) {
 	defer i.queue.ShutDown()
 
 	if !cache.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done(), i.informer.HasSynced) {
-		if ctx.Err() != context.Canceled {
+		if !errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 			level.Error(i.logger).Log("msg", "ingress informer unable to sync cache")
 		}
 		return
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ func (i *Ingress) process(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group) b
 		ia = newIngressAdaptorFromV1beta1(ingress)
 	default:
 		level.Error(i.logger).Log("msg", "converting to Ingress object failed", "err",
-			errors.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o))
+			fmt.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o))
 		return true
 	}
 	send(ctx, ch, i.buildIngress(ia))

discovery/kubernetes/kubernetes.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package kubernetes
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func (c *Role) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	case RoleNode, RolePod, RoleService, RoleEndpoint, RoleEndpointSlice, RoleIngress:
 		return nil
 	default:
-		return errors.Errorf("unknown Kubernetes SD role %q", *c)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown Kubernetes SD role %q", *c)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if c.Role == "" {
-		return errors.Errorf("role missing (one of: pod, service, endpoints, endpointslice, node, ingress)")
+		return fmt.Errorf("role missing (one of: pod, service, endpoints, endpointslice, node, ingress)")
 	}
 	err = c.HTTPClientConfig.Validate()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -186,20 +186,20 @@ func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	}
 	if c.APIServer.URL != nil && c.KubeConfig != "" {
 		// Api-server and kubeconfig_file are mutually exclusive
-		return errors.Errorf("cannot use 'kubeconfig_file' and 'api_server' simultaneously")
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot use 'kubeconfig_file' and 'api_server' simultaneously")
 	}
 	if c.KubeConfig != "" && !reflect.DeepEqual(c.HTTPClientConfig, config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig) {
 		// Kubeconfig_file and custom http config are mutually exclusive
-		return errors.Errorf("cannot use a custom HTTP client configuration together with 'kubeconfig_file'")
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot use a custom HTTP client configuration together with 'kubeconfig_file'")
 	}
 	if c.APIServer.URL == nil && !reflect.DeepEqual(c.HTTPClientConfig, config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig) {
-		return errors.Errorf("to use custom HTTP client configuration please provide the 'api_server' URL explicitly")
+		return fmt.Errorf("to use custom HTTP client configuration please provide the 'api_server' URL explicitly")
 	}
 	if c.APIServer.URL != nil && c.NamespaceDiscovery.IncludeOwnNamespace {
-		return errors.Errorf("cannot use 'api_server' and 'namespaces.own_namespace' simultaneously")
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot use 'api_server' and 'namespaces.own_namespace' simultaneously")
 	}
 	if c.KubeConfig != "" && c.NamespaceDiscovery.IncludeOwnNamespace {
-		return errors.Errorf("cannot use 'kubeconfig_file' and 'namespaces.own_namespace' simultaneously")
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot use 'kubeconfig_file' and 'namespaces.own_namespace' simultaneously")
 	}
 
 	foundSelectorRoles := make(map[Role]struct{})
@@ -214,12 +214,12 @@ func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 
 	for _, selector := range c.Selectors {
 		if _, ok := foundSelectorRoles[selector.Role]; ok {
-			return errors.Errorf("duplicated selector role: %s", selector.Role)
+			return fmt.Errorf("duplicated selector role: %s", selector.Role)
 		}
 		foundSelectorRoles[selector.Role] = struct{}{}
 
 		if _, ok := allowedSelectors[c.Role]; !ok {
-			return errors.Errorf("invalid role: %q, expecting one of: pod, service, endpoints, endpointslice, node or ingress", c.Role)
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid role: %q, expecting one of: pod, service, endpoints, endpointslice, node or ingress", c.Role)
 		}
 		var allowed bool
 		for _, role := range allowedSelectors[c.Role] {
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 		}
 
 		if !allowed {
-			return errors.Errorf("%s role supports only %s selectors", c.Role, strings.Join(allowedSelectors[c.Role], ", "))
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s role supports only %s selectors", c.Role, strings.Join(allowedSelectors[c.Role], ", "))
 		}
 
 		_, err := fields.ParseSelector(selector.Field)

discovery/kubernetes/kubernetes_test.go

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ package kubernetes
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/version"
@@ -163,11 +163,11 @@ Loop:
 
 func requireTargetGroups(t *testing.T, expected, res map[string]*targetgroup.Group) {
 	t.Helper()
-	b1, err := json.Marshal(expected)
+	b1, err := marshalTargetGroups(expected)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
-	b2, err := json.Marshal(res)
+	b2, err := marshalTargetGroups(res)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -175,6 +175,22 @@ func requireTargetGroups(t *testing.T, expected, res map[string]*targetgroup.Gro
 	require.Equal(t, string(b1), string(b2))
 }
 
+// marshalTargetGroups serializes a set of target groups to JSON, ignoring the
+// custom MarshalJSON function defined on the targetgroup.Group struct.
+// marshalTargetGroups can be used for making exact comparisons between target groups
+// as it will serialize all target labels.
+func marshalTargetGroups(tgs map[string]*targetgroup.Group) ([]byte, error) {
+	type targetGroupAlias targetgroup.Group
+
+	aliases := make(map[string]*targetGroupAlias, len(tgs))
+	for k, v := range tgs {
+		tg := targetGroupAlias(*v)
+		aliases[k] = &tg
+	}
+
+	return json.Marshal(aliases)
+}
+
 type hasSynced interface {
 	// hasSynced returns true if all informers synced.
 	// This is only used in testing to determine when discoverer synced to

discovery/kubernetes/node.go

@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@ package kubernetes
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	apiv1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ func (n *Node) Run(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group) {
 	defer n.queue.ShutDown()
 
 	if !cache.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done(), n.informer.HasSynced) {
-		if ctx.Err() != context.Canceled {
+		if !errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 			level.Error(n.logger).Log("msg", "node informer unable to sync cache")
 		}
 		return
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ func convertToNode(o interface{}) (*apiv1.Node, error) {
 		return node, nil
 	}
 
-	return nil, errors.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o)
 }
 
 func nodeSource(n *apiv1.Node) string {

discovery/kubernetes/pod.go

@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@ package kubernetes
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	apiv1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ func (p *Pod) Run(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group) {
 	}
 
 	if !cache.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done(), cacheSyncs...) {
-		if ctx.Err() != context.Canceled {
+		if !errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 			level.Error(p.logger).Log("msg", "pod informer unable to sync cache")
 		}
 		return
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ func convertToPod(o interface{}) (*apiv1.Pod, error) {
 		return pod, nil
 	}
 
-	return nil, errors.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o)
 }
 
 const (

discovery/kubernetes/service.go

@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@ package kubernetes
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	apiv1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ func (s *Service) Run(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group) {
 	defer s.queue.ShutDown()
 
 	if !cache.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done(), s.informer.HasSynced) {
-		if ctx.Err() != context.Canceled {
+		if !errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 			level.Error(s.logger).Log("msg", "service informer unable to sync cache")
 		}
 		return
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ func convertToService(o interface{}) (*apiv1.Service, error) {
 	if ok {
 		return service, nil
 	}
-	return nil, errors.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("received unexpected object: %v", o)
 }
 
 func serviceSource(s *apiv1.Service) string {

discovery/legacymanager/registry.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package legacymanager
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
@@ -248,7 +249,8 @@ func writeConfigs(structVal reflect.Value, configs discovery.Configs) error {
 }
 
 func replaceYAMLTypeError(err error, oldTyp, newTyp reflect.Type) error {
-	if e, ok := err.(*yaml.TypeError); ok {
+	var e *yaml.TypeError
+	if errors.As(err, &e) {
 		oldStr := oldTyp.String()
 		newStr := newTyp.String()
 		for i, s := range e.Errors {

discovery/linode/linode.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/linode/linodego"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/version"
@@ -65,15 +66,24 @@ const (
 )
 
 // DefaultSDConfig is the default Linode SD configuration.
-var DefaultSDConfig = SDConfig{
-	TagSeparator:     ",",
-	Port:             80,
-	RefreshInterval:  model.Duration(60 * time.Second),
-	HTTPClientConfig: config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig,
-}
+var (
+	DefaultSDConfig = SDConfig{
+		TagSeparator:     ",",
+		Port:             80,
+		RefreshInterval:  model.Duration(60 * time.Second),
+		HTTPClientConfig: config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig,
+	}
+
+	failuresCount = prometheus.NewCounter(
+		prometheus.CounterOpts{
+			Name: "prometheus_sd_linode_failures_total",
+			Help: "Number of Linode service discovery refresh failures.",
+		})
+)
 
 func init() {
 	discovery.RegisterConfig(&SDConfig{})
+	prometheus.MustRegister(failuresCount)
 }
 
 // SDConfig is the configuration for Linode based service discovery.
@@ -211,12 +221,14 @@ func (d *Discovery) refreshData(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, erro
 	// Gather all linode instances.
 	instances, err := d.client.ListInstances(ctx, &linodego.ListOptions{PageSize: 500})
 	if err != nil {
+		failuresCount.Inc()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Gather detailed IP address info for all IPs on all linode instances.
 	detailedIPs, err := d.client.ListIPAddresses(ctx, &linodego.ListOptions{PageSize: 500})
 	if err != nil {
+		failuresCount.Inc()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 

discovery/marathon/marathon.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package marathon
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math/rand"
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ func newAuthTokenFileRoundTripper(tokenFile string, rt http.RoundTripper) (http.
 	// fail-fast if we can't read the file.
 	_, err := os.ReadFile(tokenFile)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to read auth token file %s", tokenFile)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to read auth token file %s: %w", tokenFile, err)
 	}
 	return &authTokenFileRoundTripper{tokenFile, rt}, nil
 }
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func newAuthTokenFileRoundTripper(tokenFile string, rt http.RoundTripper) (http.
 func (rt *authTokenFileRoundTripper) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	b, err := os.ReadFile(rt.authTokenFile)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to read auth token file %s", rt.authTokenFile)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to read auth token file %s: %w", rt.authTokenFile, err)
 	}
 	authToken := strings.TrimSpace(string(b))
 
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ func fetchApps(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, url string) (*appList,
 	}()
 
 	if (resp.StatusCode < 200) || (resp.StatusCode >= 300) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("non 2xx status '%v' response during marathon service discovery", resp.StatusCode)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("non 2xx status '%v' response during marathon service discovery", resp.StatusCode)
 	}
 
 	b, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ func fetchApps(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, url string) (*appList,
 	var apps appList
 	err = json.Unmarshal(b, &apps)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "%q", url)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q: %w", url, err)
 	}
 	return &apps, nil
 }

discovery/marathon/marathon_test.go

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func TestMarathonSDHandleError(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	)
 	tgs, err := testUpdateServices(client)
-	if err != errTesting {
+	if !errors.Is(err, errTesting) {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected error: %s", err)
 	}
 	if len(tgs) != 0 {

discovery/openstack/hypervisor.go

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud/openstack"
 	"github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud/openstack/compute/v2/extensions/hypervisors"
 	"github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud/pagination"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/targetgroup"
@@ -62,14 +61,14 @@ func (h *HypervisorDiscovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group
 	h.provider.Context = ctx
 	err := openstack.Authenticate(h.provider, *h.authOpts)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not authenticate to OpenStack")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not authenticate to OpenStack: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	client, err := openstack.NewComputeV2(h.provider, gophercloud.EndpointOpts{
 		Region: h.region, Availability: h.availability,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create OpenStack compute session")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not create OpenStack compute session: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	tg := &targetgroup.Group{
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ func (h *HypervisorDiscovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group
 	err = pagerHypervisors.EachPage(func(page pagination.Page) (bool, error) {
 		hypervisorList, err := hypervisors.ExtractHypervisors(page)
 		if err != nil {
-			return false, errors.Wrap(err, "could not extract hypervisors")
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("could not extract hypervisors: %w", err)
 		}
 		for _, hypervisor := range hypervisorList {
 			labels := model.LabelSet{}

discovery/openstack/instance.go

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud/openstack/compute/v2/extensions/floatingips"
 	"github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud/openstack/compute/v2/servers"
 	"github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud/pagination"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/targetgroup"
@@ -79,14 +78,14 @@ func (i *InstanceDiscovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group,
 	i.provider.Context = ctx
 	err := openstack.Authenticate(i.provider, *i.authOpts)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not authenticate to OpenStack")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not authenticate to OpenStack: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	client, err := openstack.NewComputeV2(i.provider, gophercloud.EndpointOpts{
 		Region: i.region, Availability: i.availability,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create OpenStack compute session")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not create OpenStack compute session: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// OpenStack API reference
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ func (i *InstanceDiscovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group,
 	err = pagerFIP.EachPage(func(page pagination.Page) (bool, error) {
 		result, err := floatingips.ExtractFloatingIPs(page)
 		if err != nil {
-			return false, errors.Wrap(err, "could not extract floatingips")
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("could not extract floatingips: %w", err)
 		}
 		for _, ip := range result {
 			// Skip not associated ips
@@ -124,11 +123,11 @@ func (i *InstanceDiscovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group,
 	}
 	err = pager.EachPage(func(page pagination.Page) (bool, error) {
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return false, errors.Wrap(ctx.Err(), "could not extract instances")
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("could not extract instances: %w", ctx.Err())
 		}
 		instanceList, err := servers.ExtractServers(page)
 		if err != nil {
-			return false, errors.Wrap(err, "could not extract instances")
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("could not extract instances: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		for _, s := range instanceList {

discovery/openstack/openstack.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package openstack
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud"
 	"github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud/openstack"
 	conntrack "github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func (c *Role) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	case OpenStackRoleHypervisor, OpenStackRoleInstance:
 		return nil
 	default:
-		return errors.Errorf("unknown OpenStack SD role %q", *c)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown OpenStack SD role %q", *c)
 	}
 }
 

discovery/puppetdb/puppetdb.go

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/grafana/regexp"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/version"
@@ -191,11 +190,11 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 	}()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("server returned HTTP status %s", resp.Status)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("server returned HTTP status %s", resp.Status)
 	}
 
 	if ct := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"); !matchContentType.MatchString(ct) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("unsupported content type %s", resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported content type %s", resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
 	}
 
 	b, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

discovery/refresh/refresh.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package refresh
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) Run(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group) {
 	// Get an initial set right away.
 	tgs, err := d.refresh(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		if ctx.Err() != context.Canceled {
+		if !errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 			level.Error(d.logger).Log("msg", "Unable to refresh target groups", "err", err.Error())
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) Run(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- []*targetgroup.Group) {
 		case <-ticker.C:
 			tgs, err := d.refresh(ctx)
 			if err != nil {
-				if ctx.Err() != context.Canceled {
+				if !errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 					level.Error(d.logger).Log("msg", "Unable to refresh target groups", "err", err.Error())
 				}
 				continue

discovery/registry.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package discovery
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
@@ -247,7 +248,8 @@ func writeConfigs(structVal reflect.Value, configs Configs) error {
 }
 
 func replaceYAMLTypeError(err error, oldTyp, newTyp reflect.Type) error {
-	if e, ok := err.(*yaml.TypeError); ok {
+	var e *yaml.TypeError
+	if errors.As(err, &e) {
 		oldStr := oldTyp.String()
 		newStr := newTyp.String()
 		for i, s := range e.Errors {

discovery/scaleway/scaleway.go

@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@ package scaleway
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/scaleway/scaleway-sdk-go/scw"
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ func (c *role) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	case roleInstance, roleBaremetal:
 		return nil
 	default:
-		return errors.Errorf("unknown role %q", *c)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown role %q", *c)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ func newAuthTokenFileRoundTripper(tokenFile string, rt http.RoundTripper) (http.
 	// fail-fast if we can't read the file.
 	_, err := os.ReadFile(tokenFile)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to read auth token file %s", tokenFile)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to read auth token file %s: %w", tokenFile, err)
 	}
 	return &authTokenFileRoundTripper{tokenFile, rt}, nil
 }
@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ func newAuthTokenFileRoundTripper(tokenFile string, rt http.RoundTripper) (http.
 func (rt *authTokenFileRoundTripper) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	b, err := os.ReadFile(rt.authTokenFile)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to read auth token file %s", rt.authTokenFile)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to read auth token file %s: %w", rt.authTokenFile, err)
 	}
 	authToken := strings.TrimSpace(string(b))
 

discovery/triton/triton.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package triton
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	conntrack "github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 	req = req.WithContext(ctx)
 	resp, err := d.client.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "an error occurred when requesting targets from the discovery endpoint")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("an error occurred when requesting targets from the discovery endpoint: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	defer func() {
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 
 	data, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "an error occurred when reading the response body")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("an error occurred when reading the response body: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// The JSON response body is different so it needs to be processed/mapped separately.
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) processContainerResponse(data []byte, endpoint string) ([]*t
 	dr := DiscoveryResponse{}
 	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &dr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "an error occurred unmarshaling the discovery response json")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("an error occurred unmarshaling the discovery response json: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, container := range dr.Containers {
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) processComputeNodeResponse(data []byte, endpoint string) ([]
 	dr := ComputeNodeDiscoveryResponse{}
 	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &dr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "an error occurred unmarshaling the compute node discovery response json")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("an error occurred unmarshaling the compute node discovery response json: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, cn := range dr.ComputeNodes {

discovery/uyuni/uyuni.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package uyuni
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/kolo/xmlrpc"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
@@ -52,9 +52,10 @@ const (
 
 // DefaultSDConfig is the default Uyuni SD configuration.
 var DefaultSDConfig = SDConfig{
-	Entitlement:     "monitoring_entitled",
-	Separator:       ",",
-	RefreshInterval: model.Duration(1 * time.Minute),
+	Entitlement:      "monitoring_entitled",
+	Separator:        ",",
+	RefreshInterval:  model.Duration(1 * time.Minute),
+	HTTPClientConfig: config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig,
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -117,6 +118,11 @@ func (c *SDConfig) NewDiscoverer(opts discovery.DiscovererOptions) (discovery.Di
 	return NewDiscovery(c, opts.Logger)
 }
 
+// SetDirectory joins any relative file paths with dir.
+func (c *SDConfig) SetDirectory(dir string) {
+	c.HTTPClientConfig.SetDirectory(dir)
+}
+
 // UnmarshalYAML implements the yaml.Unmarshaler interface.
 func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	*c = DefaultSDConfig
@@ -131,7 +137,7 @@ func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 
 	_, err = url.Parse(c.Server)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "Uyuni Server URL is not valid")
+		return fmt.Errorf("Uyuni Server URL is not valid: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if c.Username == "" {
@@ -276,7 +282,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) getTargetsForSystems(
 
 	systemGroupIDsBySystemID, err := getSystemGroupsInfoOfMonitoredClients(rpcClient, d.token, entitlement)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "unable to get the managed system groups information of monitored clients")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to get the managed system groups information of monitored clients: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	systemIDs := make([]int, 0, len(systemGroupIDsBySystemID))
@@ -286,12 +292,12 @@ func (d *Discovery) getTargetsForSystems(
 
 	endpointInfos, err := getEndpointInfoForSystems(rpcClient, d.token, systemIDs)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "unable to get endpoints information")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to get endpoints information: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	networkInfoBySystemID, err := getNetworkInformationForSystems(rpcClient, d.token, systemIDs)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "unable to get the systems network information")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to get the systems network information: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, endpoint := range endpointInfos {
@@ -317,7 +323,7 @@ func (d *Discovery) refresh(_ context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
 		// Uyuni API takes duration in seconds.
 		d.token, err = login(rpcClient, d.username, d.password, int(tokenDuration.Seconds()))
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "unable to login to Uyuni API")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to login to Uyuni API: %w", err)
 		}
 		// Login again at half the token lifetime.
 		d.tokenExpiration = time.Now().Add(tokenDuration / 2)

discovery/vultr/mock_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package vultr
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// SDMock is the interface for the Vultr mock
+type SDMock struct {
+	t      *testing.T
+	Server *httptest.Server
+	Mux    *http.ServeMux
+}
+
+// NewSDMock returns a new Vultr mock server.
+func NewSDMock(t *testing.T) *SDMock {
+	return &SDMock{
+		t: t,
+	}
+}
+
+// Endpoint returns the URI to the mock server.
+func (m *SDMock) Endpoint() string {
+	return m.Server.URL + "/"
+}
+
+// Setup creates the mock server.
+func (m *SDMock) Setup() {
+	m.Mux = http.NewServeMux()
+	m.Server = httptest.NewServer(m.Mux)
+}
+
+// ShutdownServer shuts down the mock server.
+func (m *SDMock) ShutdownServer() {
+	m.Server.Close()
+}
+
+const APIKey = "ABCBTDG35OTGH2UKCC3S6CNMDUPCN3ZWSGFQ"
+
+// HandleInstanceList mocks vultr instances list.
+func (m *SDMock) HandleInstanceList() {
+	m.Mux.HandleFunc("/v2/instances", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Header.Get("Authorization") != fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", APIKey) {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+			return
+		}
+
+		w.Header().Add("content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+
+		fmt.Fprint(w, `
+{
+    "instances": [
+        {
+            "id": "dbdbd38c-9884-4c92-95fe-899e50dee717",
+            "os": "Marketplace",
+            "ram": 4096,
+            "disk": 128,
+            "main_ip": "149.28.234.27",
+            "vcpu_count": 2,
+            "region": "ewr",
+            "plan": "vhf-2c-4gb",
+            "date_created": "2022-03-10T02:25:30+00:00",
+            "status": "active",
+            "allowed_bandwidth": 3000,
+            "netmask_v4": "255.255.254.0",
+            "gateway_v4": "149.28.234.1",
+            "power_status": "running",
+            "server_status": "ok",
+            "v6_network": "",
+            "v6_main_ip": "",
+            "v6_network_size": 0,
+            "label": "np-2-eae38a19b0f3",
+            "internal_ip": "10.1.96.5",
+            "kvm": "https://my.vultr.com/subs/vps/novnc/api.php?data=djJ8Q2k2NlVpNUlZNE5kM3NZMWdBNzFKUkVadDBDU3ItTEJ8-yNWBdMn1AWPqX-EnpTVbA1qBeP0txBZbahSOh3UtHIL2p0fZKEdFJwFNjWtvBKC9BGvJkoJdWBoo7hF-6RzavdUKPD3KIU5xD_T6keV8X-PPukPgXMuSUaAqurAuJvwAWXcTcodBjaIH961xgbvfkFyqVl0ZgHf3ErZQE-EmpZ0Jc3uF1DO2McJ4UL8KUvHLwa-ZDUZ_AtWJjQWsjNkxjvOiA",
+            "hostname": "np-2-eae38a19b0f3",
+            "os_id": 426,
+            "app_id": 0,
+            "image_id": "vke-worker",
+            "firewall_group_id": "",
+            "features": ["backups"],
+            "tags": ["tag1", "tag2", "tag3"]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "fccb117c-62f7-4b17-995d-a8e56dd30b33",
+            "os": "Marketplace",
+            "ram": 4096,
+            "disk": 128,
+            "main_ip": "45.63.1.222",
+            "vcpu_count": 2,
+            "region": "ewr",
+            "plan": "vhf-2c-4gb",
+            "date_created": "2022-03-10T02:25:32+00:00",
+            "status": "active",
+            "allowed_bandwidth": 3000,
+            "netmask_v4": "255.255.254.0",
+            "gateway_v4": "45.63.0.1",
+            "power_status": "running",
+            "server_status": "ok",
+            "v6_network": "",
+            "v6_main_ip": "",
+            "v6_network_size": 0,
+            "label": "np-2-fd0714b5fe42",
+            "internal_ip": "10.1.96.6",
+            "kvm": "https://my.vultr.com/subs/vps/novnc/api.php?data=djJ8R0tzbmI0VWVfSDR6VE51Q0FGUTBCamwyTFNzZDNkVTF8Zwm93t6L2BLTYSNmM0g0Ppf43r71aIbqLiJCx6_1NuCugUqIKz8POshH91vi6XXDorpb3hYTk8RrJWQbaFMak7XbbfMObzsrFxKAQUVGfbjTBIHCKftxNIXeQOp1fEIDa3p-vkfSxEpx6ZX8nChGYYSVuOjS1twV6oI_IKtHXKdFJiVFz0Unay_K3HuXW_H2wrYSjmAChloR-eA1jSmBXLccJQ",
+            "hostname": "np-2-fd0714b5fe42",
+            "os_id": 426,
+            "app_id": 0,
+            "image_id": "vke-worker",
+            "firewall_group_id": "",
+            "features": [],
+            "tags": []
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "c4e58767-f61b-4c5e-9bce-43761cc04868",
+            "os": "Marketplace",
+            "ram": 4096,
+            "disk": 128,
+            "main_ip": "149.28.237.151",
+            "vcpu_count": 2,
+            "region": "ewr",
+            "plan": "vhf-2c-4gb",
+            "date_created": "2022-03-10T02:25:33+00:00",
+            "status": "active",
+            "allowed_bandwidth": 3000,
+            "netmask_v4": "255.255.254.0",
+            "gateway_v4": "149.28.236.1",
+            "power_status": "running",
+            "server_status": "ok",
+            "v6_network": "",
+            "v6_main_ip": "",
+            "v6_network_size": 0,
+            "label": "np-2-d04e7829fa43",
+            "internal_ip": "10.1.96.7",
+            "kvm": "https://my.vultr.com/subs/vps/novnc/api.php?data=djJ8NFEzbFZmV2hOUWNrc2R4bndnckhFQTJ3ME1yWmxVeW98P-p-KeyNtP73wzVvuWZSOrV5PvQDiBmYyB3cp99btIy5nczmvX8DOGSChbEldk3idKNdFLQMIieWnpR5xU5K-dMYlL6n6oYv2u-rh8zxS6-8hQsSbL2OsoywNPoLpQ3xPkT9Rb-yPrZX4fDLbt8yPVKDHqHO0GB-TxVPemueovfkkUZMXSraAXgHtl1YgK2uLMQf1WBFVzgwnQ7MYcfMGGYFQw",
+            "hostname": "np-2-d04e7829fa43",
+            "os_id": 426,
+            "app_id": 0,
+            "image_id": "vke-worker",
+            "firewall_group_id": "",
+            "features": [],
+            "tags": []
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta": {
+        "total": 3,
+        "links": {
+            "next": "",
+            "prev": ""
+        }
+    }
+}
+`)
+	})
+}

discovery/vultr/vultr.go

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package vultr
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-kit/log"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/version"
+	"github.com/vultr/govultr/v2"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/refresh"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/targetgroup"
+)
+
+const (
+	vultrInstanceLabel             = model.MetaLabelPrefix + "vultr_instance_"
+	vultrInstanceLabelID           = vultrInstanceLabel + "id"
+	vultrInstanceLabelLabel        = vultrInstanceLabel + "label"
+	vultrInstanceLabelOS           = vultrInstanceLabel + "os"
+	vultrInstanceLabelOSID         = vultrInstanceLabel + "os_id"
+	vultrInstanceLabelRegion       = vultrInstanceLabel + "region"
+	vultrInstanceLabelPlan         = vultrInstanceLabel + "plan"
+	vultrInstanceLabelMainIP       = vultrInstanceLabel + "main_ip"
+	vultrInstanceLabelMainIPV6     = vultrInstanceLabel + "main_ipv6"
+	vultrInstanceLabelInternalIP   = vultrInstanceLabel + "internal_ip"
+	vultrInstanceLabelFeatures     = vultrInstanceLabel + "features"
+	vultrInstanceLabelTags         = vultrInstanceLabel + "tags"
+	vultrInstanceLabelHostname     = vultrInstanceLabel + "hostname"
+	vultrInstanceLabelServerStatus = vultrInstanceLabel + "server_status"
+	vultrInstanceLabelVCPU         = vultrInstanceLabel + "vcpu_count"
+	vultrInstanceLabelMemory       = vultrInstanceLabel + "ram_mb"
+	vultrInstanceLabelBandwidth    = vultrInstanceLabel + "allowed_bandwidth_gb"
+	vultrInstanceLabelDisk         = vultrInstanceLabel + "disk_gb"
+	separator                      = ","
+)
+
+// DefaultSDConfig is the default Vultr SD configuration.
+var DefaultSDConfig = SDConfig{
+	Port:             80,
+	RefreshInterval:  model.Duration(60 * time.Second),
+	HTTPClientConfig: config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig,
+}
+
+func init() {
+	discovery.RegisterConfig(&SDConfig{})
+}
+
+type SDConfig struct {
+	HTTPClientConfig config.HTTPClientConfig `yaml:",inline"`
+
+	RefreshInterval model.Duration `yaml:"refresh_interval"`
+	Port            int            `yaml:"port"`
+}
+
+// Name returns the name of the Config.
+func (*SDConfig) Name() string { return "vultr" }
+
+// NewDiscoverer returns a Discoverer for the Config.
+func (c *SDConfig) NewDiscoverer(opts discovery.DiscovererOptions) (discovery.Discoverer, error) {
+	return NewDiscovery(c, opts.Logger)
+}
+
+// SetDirectory joins any relative file paths with dir.
+func (c *SDConfig) SetDirectory(dir string) {
+	c.HTTPClientConfig.SetDirectory(dir)
+}
+
+// UnmarshalYAML implements the yaml.Unmarshaler interface.
+func (c *SDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
+	*c = DefaultSDConfig
+	type plain SDConfig
+	if err := unmarshal((*plain)(c)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return c.HTTPClientConfig.Validate()
+}
+
+// Discovery periodically performs Vultr requests. It implements
+// the Discoverer interface.
+type Discovery struct {
+	*refresh.Discovery
+	client *govultr.Client
+	port   int
+}
+
+// NewDiscovery returns a new Discovery which periodically refreshes its targets.
+func NewDiscovery(conf *SDConfig, logger log.Logger) (*Discovery, error) {
+	d := &Discovery{
+		port: conf.Port,
+	}
+
+	rt, err := config.NewRoundTripperFromConfig(conf.HTTPClientConfig, "vultr_sd")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	d.client = govultr.NewClient(&http.Client{
+		Transport: rt,
+		Timeout:   time.Duration(conf.RefreshInterval),
+	})
+
+	d.client.SetUserAgent(fmt.Sprintf("Prometheus/%s", version.Version))
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error setting up vultr agent: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	d.Discovery = refresh.NewDiscovery(
+		logger,
+		"vultr",
+		time.Duration(conf.RefreshInterval),
+		d.refresh,
+	)
+	return d, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Discovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error) {
+	tg := &targetgroup.Group{
+		Source: "Vultr",
+	}
+
+	instances, err := d.listInstances(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for _, instance := range instances {
+		labels := model.LabelSet{
+			vultrInstanceLabelID:           model.LabelValue(instance.ID),
+			vultrInstanceLabelLabel:        model.LabelValue(instance.Label),
+			vultrInstanceLabelOS:           model.LabelValue(instance.Os),
+			vultrInstanceLabelOSID:         model.LabelValue(strconv.Itoa(instance.OsID)),
+			vultrInstanceLabelRegion:       model.LabelValue(instance.Region),
+			vultrInstanceLabelPlan:         model.LabelValue(instance.Plan),
+			vultrInstanceLabelVCPU:         model.LabelValue(strconv.Itoa(instance.VCPUCount)),
+			vultrInstanceLabelMemory:       model.LabelValue(strconv.Itoa(instance.RAM)),
+			vultrInstanceLabelBandwidth:    model.LabelValue(strconv.Itoa(instance.AllowedBandwidth)),
+			vultrInstanceLabelDisk:         model.LabelValue(strconv.Itoa(instance.Disk)),
+			vultrInstanceLabelMainIP:       model.LabelValue(instance.MainIP),
+			vultrInstanceLabelMainIPV6:     model.LabelValue(instance.V6MainIP),
+			vultrInstanceLabelInternalIP:   model.LabelValue(instance.InternalIP),
+			vultrInstanceLabelHostname:     model.LabelValue(instance.Hostname),
+			vultrInstanceLabelServerStatus: model.LabelValue(instance.ServerStatus),
+		}
+
+		addr := net.JoinHostPort(instance.MainIP, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(d.port), 10))
+		labels[model.AddressLabel] = model.LabelValue(addr)
+
+		// We surround the separated list with the separator as well. This way regular expressions
+		// in relabeling rules don't have to consider feature positions.
+		if len(instance.Features) > 0 {
+			features := separator + strings.Join(instance.Features, separator) + separator
+			labels[vultrInstanceLabelFeatures] = model.LabelValue(features)
+		}
+
+		if len(instance.Tags) > 0 {
+			tags := separator + strings.Join(instance.Tags, separator) + separator
+			labels[vultrInstanceLabelTags] = model.LabelValue(tags)
+		}
+
+		tg.Targets = append(tg.Targets, labels)
+	}
+
+	return []*targetgroup.Group{tg}, nil
+}
+
+func (d *Discovery) listInstances(ctx context.Context) ([]govultr.Instance, error) {
+	var instances []govultr.Instance
+
+	listOptions := &govultr.ListOptions{
+		PerPage: 100,
+	}
+
+	for {
+		pagedInstances, meta, err := d.client.Instance.List(ctx, listOptions)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		instances = append(instances, pagedInstances...)
+
+		if meta.Links.Next == "" {
+			break
+		} else {
+			listOptions.Cursor = meta.Links.Next
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+
+	return instances, nil
+}

discovery/vultr/vultr_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package vultr
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/go-kit/log"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type VultrSDTestSuite struct {
+	Mock *SDMock
+}
+
+func (s *VultrSDTestSuite) TearDownSuite() {
+	s.Mock.ShutdownServer()
+}
+
+func (s *VultrSDTestSuite) SetupTest(t *testing.T) {
+	s.Mock = NewSDMock(t)
+	s.Mock.Setup()
+
+	s.Mock.HandleInstanceList()
+}
+
+func TestVultrSDRefresh(t *testing.T) {
+	sdMock := &VultrSDTestSuite{}
+	sdMock.SetupTest(t)
+	t.Cleanup(sdMock.TearDownSuite)
+
+	cfg := DefaultSDConfig
+	cfg.HTTPClientConfig.BearerToken = APIKey
+	d, err := NewDiscovery(&cfg, log.NewNopLogger())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	endpoint, err := url.Parse(sdMock.Mock.Endpoint())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	d.client.BaseURL = endpoint
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	tgs, err := d.refresh(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(tgs))
+
+	tg := tgs[0]
+	require.NotNil(t, tg)
+	require.NotNil(t, tg.Targets)
+	require.Equal(t, 3, len(tg.Targets))
+
+	for i, k := range []model.LabelSet{
+		{
+			"__address__":                                model.LabelValue("149.28.234.27:80"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_id":                   model.LabelValue("dbdbd38c-9884-4c92-95fe-899e50dee717"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_label":                model.LabelValue("np-2-eae38a19b0f3"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_os":                   model.LabelValue("Marketplace"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_os_id":                model.LabelValue("426"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_region":               model.LabelValue("ewr"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_plan":                 model.LabelValue("vhf-2c-4gb"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_main_ip":              model.LabelValue("149.28.234.27"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_internal_ip":          model.LabelValue("10.1.96.5"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_main_ipv6":            model.LabelValue(""),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_features":             model.LabelValue(",backups,"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_tags":                 model.LabelValue(",tag1,tag2,tag3,"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_hostname":             model.LabelValue("np-2-eae38a19b0f3"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_server_status":        model.LabelValue("ok"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_vcpu_count":           model.LabelValue("2"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_ram_mb":               model.LabelValue("4096"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_disk_gb":              model.LabelValue("128"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_allowed_bandwidth_gb": model.LabelValue("3000"),
+		},
+		{
+			"__address__":                                model.LabelValue("45.63.1.222:80"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_id":                   model.LabelValue("fccb117c-62f7-4b17-995d-a8e56dd30b33"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_label":                model.LabelValue("np-2-fd0714b5fe42"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_os":                   model.LabelValue("Marketplace"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_os_id":                model.LabelValue("426"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_region":               model.LabelValue("ewr"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_plan":                 model.LabelValue("vhf-2c-4gb"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_main_ip":              model.LabelValue("45.63.1.222"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_internal_ip":          model.LabelValue("10.1.96.6"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_main_ipv6":            model.LabelValue(""),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_hostname":             model.LabelValue("np-2-fd0714b5fe42"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_server_status":        model.LabelValue("ok"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_vcpu_count":           model.LabelValue("2"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_ram_mb":               model.LabelValue("4096"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_disk_gb":              model.LabelValue("128"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_allowed_bandwidth_gb": model.LabelValue("3000"),
+		},
+		{
+			"__address__":                                model.LabelValue("149.28.237.151:80"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_id":                   model.LabelValue("c4e58767-f61b-4c5e-9bce-43761cc04868"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_label":                model.LabelValue("np-2-d04e7829fa43"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_os":                   model.LabelValue("Marketplace"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_os_id":                model.LabelValue("426"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_region":               model.LabelValue("ewr"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_plan":                 model.LabelValue("vhf-2c-4gb"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_main_ip":              model.LabelValue("149.28.237.151"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_internal_ip":          model.LabelValue("10.1.96.7"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_main_ipv6":            model.LabelValue(""),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_hostname":             model.LabelValue("np-2-d04e7829fa43"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_server_status":        model.LabelValue("ok"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_vcpu_count":           model.LabelValue("2"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_ram_mb":               model.LabelValue("4096"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_disk_gb":              model.LabelValue("128"),
+			"__meta_vultr_instance_allowed_bandwidth_gb": model.LabelValue("3000"),
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("item %d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, k, tg.Targets[i])
+		})
+	}
+}

discovery/xds/kuma.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ func (c *KumaSDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	}
 
 	if len(c.Server) == 0 {
-		return errors.Errorf("kuma SD server must not be empty: %s", c.Server)
+		return fmt.Errorf("kuma SD server must not be empty: %s", c.Server)
 	}
 	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(c.Server)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ func (c *KumaSDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	}
 
 	if len(parsedURL.Scheme) == 0 || len(parsedURL.Host) == 0 {
-		return errors.Errorf("kuma SD server must not be empty and have a scheme: %s", c.Server)
+		return fmt.Errorf("kuma SD server must not be empty and have a scheme: %s", c.Server)
 	}
 
 	return c.HTTPClientConfig.Validate()
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ func convertKumaUserLabels(labels map[string]string) model.LabelSet {
 // kumaMadsV1ResourceParser is an xds.resourceParser.
 func kumaMadsV1ResourceParser(resources []*anypb.Any, typeURL string) ([]model.LabelSet, error) {
 	if typeURL != KumaMadsV1ResourceTypeURL {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("received invalid typeURL for Kuma MADS v1 Resource: %s", typeURL)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("received invalid typeURL for Kuma MADS v1 Resource: %s", typeURL)
 	}
 
 	var targets []model.LabelSet

discovery/xds/kuma_test.go

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ package xds
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	v3 "github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/service/discovery/v3"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"

discovery/zookeeper/zookeeper.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package zookeeper
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-zookeeper/zk"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery"
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (c *ServersetSDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) err
 	}
 	for _, path := range c.Paths {
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") {
-			return errors.Errorf("serverset SD config paths must begin with '/': %s", path)
+			return fmt.Errorf("serverset SD config paths must begin with '/': %s", path)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func (c *NerveSDConfig) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	}
 	for _, path := range c.Paths {
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") {
-			return errors.Errorf("nerve SD config paths must begin with '/': %s", path)
+			return fmt.Errorf("nerve SD config paths must begin with '/': %s", path)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ func parseServersetMember(data []byte, path string) (model.LabelSet, error) {
 	member := serversetMember{}
 
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &member); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error unmarshaling serverset member %q", path)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error unmarshaling serverset member %q: %w", path, err)
 	}
 
 	labels := model.LabelSet{}
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ func parseNerveMember(data []byte, path string) (model.LabelSet, error) {
 	member := nerveMember{}
 	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &member)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error unmarshaling nerve member %q", path)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error unmarshaling nerve member %q: %w", path, err)
 	}
 
 	labels := model.LabelSet{}

docs/configuration/configuration.md

@@ -256,6 +256,11 @@ hetzner_sd_configs:
 http_sd_configs:
   [ - <http_sd_config> ... ]
 
+
+# List of IONOS service discovery configurations.
+ionos_sd_configs:
+  [ - <ionos_sd_config> ... ]
+
 # List of Kubernetes service discovery configurations.
 kubernetes_sd_configs:
   [ - <kubernetes_sd_config> ... ]
@@ -1539,6 +1544,86 @@ tls_config:
   [ <tls_config> ]
 ```
 
+### `<ionos_sd_config>`
+
+IONOS SD configurations allows retrieving scrape targets from
+[IONOS Cloud](https://cloud.ionos.com/) API. This service discovery uses the
+first NICs IP address by default, but that can be changed with relabeling. The
+following meta labels are available on all targets during
+[relabeling](#relabel_config):
+
+* `__meta_ionos_server_availability_zone`: the availability zone of the server
+* `__meta_ionos_server_boot_cdrom_id`: the ID of the CD-ROM the server is booted 
+  from
+* `__meta_ionos_server_boot_image_id`: the ID of the boot image or snapshot the
+  server is booted from
+* `__meta_ionos_server_boot_volume_id`: the ID of the boot volume
+* `__meta_ionos_server_cpu_family`: the CPU family of the server
+  to
+* `__meta_ionos_server_id`: the ID of the server
+* `__meta_ionos_server_ip`: comma separated list of all IPs assigned to the
+  server
+* `__meta_ionos_server_lifecycle`: the lifecycle state of the server resource
+* `__meta_ionos_server_name`: the name of the server
+* `__meta_ionos_server_nic_ip_<nic_name>`: comma separated list of IPs, grouped
+  by the name of each NIC attached to the server
+* `__meta_ionos_server_servers_id`: the ID of the servers the server belongs to
+* `__meta_ionos_server_state`: the execution state of the server
+* `__meta_ionos_server_type`: the type of the server
+
+```yaml
+# The unique ID of the data center.
+datacenter_id: <string>
+
+# Authentication information used to authenticate to the API server.
+# Note that `basic_auth` and `authorization` options are
+# mutually exclusive.
+# password and password_file are mutually exclusive.
+
+# Optional HTTP basic authentication information, required when using IONOS
+# Cloud username and password as authentication method.
+basic_auth:
+  [ username: <string> ]
+  [ password: <secret> ]
+  [ password_file: <string> ]
+
+# Optional `Authorization` header configuration, required when using IONOS
+# Cloud token as authentication method.
+authorization:
+  # Sets the authentication type.
+  [ type: <string> | default: Bearer ]
+  # Sets the credentials. It is mutually exclusive with
+  # `credentials_file`.
+  [ credentials: <secret> ]
+  # Sets the credentials to the credentials read from the configured file.
+  # It is mutually exclusive with `credentials`.
+  [ credentials_file: <filename> ]
+
+# Optional OAuth 2.0 configuration.
+# Cannot be used at the same time as basic_auth or authorization.
+oauth2:
+  [ <oauth2> ]
+
+# Optional proxy URL.
+[ proxy_url: <string> ]
+
+# Configure whether HTTP requests follow HTTP 3xx redirects.
+[ follow_redirects: <boolean> | default = true ]
+
+# Whether to enable HTTP2.
+[ enable_http2: <bool> | default: true ]
+
+# TLS configuration.
+tls_config:
+  [ <tls_config> ]
+
+# The port to scrape metrics from.
+[ port: <int> | default = 80 ]
+
+# The time after which the servers are refreshed.
+[ refresh_interval: <duration> | default = 60s ]
+```
+
 ### `<kubernetes_sd_config>`
 
 Kubernetes SD configurations allow retrieving scrape targets from
@@ -2453,6 +2538,83 @@ tls_config:
 See [the Prometheus uyuni-sd configuration file](/documentation/examples/prometheus-uyuni.yml)
 for a practical example on how to set up Uyuni Prometheus configuration.
 
+### `<vultr_sd_config>`
+
+Vultr SD configurations allow retrieving scrape targets from [Vultr](https://www.vultr.com/).
+
+This service discovery uses the main IPv4 address by default, which that be
+changed with relabelling, as demonstrated in [the Prometheus vultr-sd
+configuration file](/documentation/examples/prometheus-vultr.yml).
+
+The following meta labels are available on targets during [relabeling](#relabel_config):
+
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_id` : A unique ID for the vultr Instance.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_label` : The user-supplied label for this instance.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_os` : The Operating System name.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_os_id` : The Operating System id used by this instance.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_region` : The Region id where the Instance is located.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_plan` : A unique ID for the Plan.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_main_ip` : The main IPv4 address.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_internal_ip` : The private IP address.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_main_ipv6` : The main IPv6 address.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_features` : List of features that are available to the instance.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_tags` : List of tags associated with the instance.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_hostname` : The hostname for this instance.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_server_status` : The server health status.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_vcpu_count` : Number of vCPUs.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_ram_mb` : The amount of RAM in MB.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_disk_gb` : The size of the disk in GB.
+* `__meta_vultr_instance_allowed_bandwidth_gb` : Monthly bandwidth quota in GB.
+
+```yaml
+# Authentication information used to authenticate to the API server.
+# Note that `basic_auth` and `authorization` options are
+# mutually exclusive.
+# password and password_file are mutually exclusive.
+
+# Optional HTTP basic authentication information, not currently supported by Vultr.
+basic_auth:
+  [ username: <string> ]
+  [ password: <secret> ]
+  [ password_file: <string> ]
+
+# Optional `Authorization` header configuration.
+authorization:
+  # Sets the authentication type.
+  [ type: <string> | default: Bearer ]
+  # Sets the credentials. It is mutually exclusive with
+  # `credentials_file`.
+  [ credentials: <secret> ]
+  # Sets the credentials to the credentials read from the configured file.
+  # It is mutually exclusive with `credentials`.
+  [ credentials_file: <filename> ]
+
+# Optional OAuth 2.0 configuration.
+# Cannot be used at the same time as basic_auth or authorization.
+oauth2:
+  [ <oauth2> ]
+
+# Optional proxy URL.
+[ proxy_url: <string> ]
+
+# Configure whether HTTP requests follow HTTP 3xx redirects.
+[ follow_redirects: <boolean> | default = true ]
+
+# Whether to enable HTTP2.
+[ enable_http2: <bool> | default: true ]
+
+# TLS configuration.
+tls_config:
+  [ <tls_config> ]
+
+# The port to scrape metrics from.
+[ port: <int> | default = 80 ]
+
+# The time after which the instances are refreshed.
+[ refresh_interval: <duration> | default = 60s ]
+```
+
+
 ### `<static_config>`
 
 A `static_config` allows specifying a list of targets and a common label set
@@ -2680,6 +2842,10 @@ hetzner_sd_configs:
 http_sd_configs:
   [ - <http_sd_config> ... ]
 
+ # List of IONOS service discovery configurations.
+ionos_sd_configs:
+  [ - <ionos_sd_config> ... ]
+
 # List of Kubernetes service discovery configurations.
 kubernetes_sd_configs:
   [ - <kubernetes_sd_config> ... ]
@@ -2724,6 +2890,10 @@ triton_sd_configs:
 uyuni_sd_configs:
   [ - <uyuni_sd_config> ... ]
 
+# List of Vultr service discovery configurations.
+vultr_sd_configs:
+  [ - <vultr_sd_config> ... ]
+
 # List of labeled statically configured Alertmanagers.
 static_configs:
   [ - <static_config> ... ]

docs/querying/functions.md

@@ -103,6 +103,12 @@ for each of the given times in UTC. Returned values are from 1 to 31.
 each of the given times in UTC. Returned values are from 0 to 6, where 0 means
 Sunday etc.
 
+## `day_of_year()`
+
+`day_of_year(v=vector(time()) instant-vector)` returns the day of the year for
+each of the given times in UTC. Returned values are from 1 to 365 for non-leap years,
+and 1 to 366 in leap years.
+
 ## `days_in_month()`
 
 `days_in_month(v=vector(time()) instant-vector)` returns number of days in the
@@ -405,8 +411,6 @@ expression is to be evaluated.
 `timestamp(v instant-vector)` returns the timestamp of each of the samples of
 the given vector as the number of seconds since January 1, 1970 UTC.
 
-*This function was added in Prometheus 2.0*
-
 ## `vector()`
 
 `vector(s scalar)` returns the scalar `s` as a vector with no labels.

documentation/examples/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Copyright 2022 The Prometheus Authors
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+.PHONY: all
+all: check-examples-syntax
+
+.PHONY: check-examples-syntax
+check-examples-syntax: prometheus-*.yml
+	@echo ">> check example configurations syntax"
+	@set -e; for file in $^; do ../../promtool check config --syntax-only $$file; done

documentation/examples/custom-sd/adapter/adapter.go

@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ func (a *Adapter) runCustomSD(ctx context.Context) {
 
 // Run starts a Discovery Manager and the custom service discovery implementation.
 func (a *Adapter) Run() {
+	//nolint:errcheck
 	go a.manager.Run()
 	a.manager.StartCustomProvider(a.ctx, a.name, a.disc)
 	go a.runCustomSD(a.ctx)

documentation/examples/prometheus-hetzner.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ scrape_configs:
     hetzner_sd_configs:
       - authorization:
           credentials: "<replace with a Hetzner Cloud API Token>"
-        platform: "hcloud"
+        role: "hcloud"
     relabel_configs:
       # Use the public IPv4 and port 9100 to scrape the target.
       - source_labels: [__meta_hetzner_public_ipv4]
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ scrape_configs:
     hetzner_sd_configs:
       - authorization:
           credentials: "<replace with a Hetzner Cloud API Token>"
-        platform: "hcloud"
+        role: "hcloud"
     relabel_configs:
       # Use the private IPv4 within the Hetzner Cloud Network and port 9100 to scrape the target.
       - source_labels: [__meta_hetzner_hcloud_private_ipv4_mynet]
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ scrape_configs:
       - basic_auth:
           username: "<replace with a Hetzner Robot API username>"
           password: "<replace with a Hetzner Robot API password>"
-        platform: "robot"
+        role: "robot"
     relabel_configs:
       # Use the public IPv4 and port 9100 to scrape the target.
       - source_labels: [__meta_hetzner_public_ipv4]

documentation/examples/prometheus-ionos.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# A example scrape configuration for running Prometheus with IONOS Cloud.
+scrape_configs:
+  - job_name: "node"
+    ionos_sd_configs:
+      - basic_auth:
+          # Replace with your username.
+          username: username
+          # Replace with your password.
+          password: password
+        # You can find your data center unique ID here: https://dcd.ionos.com/latest/
+        datacenter_id: 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111
+        port: 9100
+    relabel_configs:
+      # Only scrape servers that are available via API.
+      - source_labels: [__meta_ionos_server_lifecycle]
+        action: keep
+        regex: "AVAILABLE"
+
+      # Only scrape servers that are in a running state.
+      - source_labels: [__meta_ionos_server_state]
+        action: keep
+        regex: "RUNNING"
+
+      # Replace instance label with server name.
+      - source_labels: [__meta_ionos_server_name]
+        target_label: instance
+
+      # Add server availability zone as label.
+      - source_labels: [__meta_ionos_availability_zone]
+        target_label: ionos_zone

documentation/examples/prometheus-linode.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ scrape_configs:
   - job_name: "node"
     linode_sd_configs:
       - authorization:
-        credentials: "<replace with a Personal Access Token with linodes:read_only, ips:read_only, and events:read_only access>"
+          credentials: "<replace with a Personal Access Token with linodes:read_only, ips:read_only, and events:read_only access>"
     relabel_configs:
       # Only scrape targets that have a tag 'monitoring'.
       - source_labels: [__meta_linode_tags]

documentation/examples/prometheus-vultr.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# An example scrape configuration for running Prometheus with
+# Vultr.
+
+scrape_configs:
+  # Make Prometheus scrape itself for metrics.
+  - job_name: "prometheus"
+    static_configs:
+      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]
+
+  # Discover Node Exporter instances to scrape.
+  - job_name: "node"
+    vultr_sd_configs:
+      - authorization:
+          credentials: "<replace with a Personal Access Token>"
+    relabel_configs:
+      # Only scrape targets that have a tag 'monitoring'.
+      - source_labels: [__meta_vultr_instance_tags]
+        regex: ".*,monitoring,.*"
+        action: keep
+
+      # Use the public IPv6 address and port 9100 to scrape the target.
+      - source_labels: [__meta_vultr_instance_main_ipv6]
+        target_label: __address__
+        replacement: "[$1]:9100"

documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod

@@ -3,15 +3,14 @@ module github.com/prometheus/prometheus/documentation/examples/remote_storage
 go 1.17
 
 require (
-	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.0
+	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4
 	github.com/influxdata/influxdb v1.9.5
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.1
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.32.1
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.2
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.34.0
 	github.com/prometheus/prometheus v1.8.2-0.20220202104425-d819219dd438
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.2
 	gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6
 )
 
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/jpillora/backoff v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.2-0.20181231171920-c182affec369 // indirect
 	github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack v0.0.0-20190716064945-2f068394615f // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common/sigv4 v0.1.0 // indirect
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.2.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.12 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220105145211-5b0dc2dfae98 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20211104180415-d3ed0bb246c8 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220225172249-27dd8689420f // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20220223155221-ee480838109b // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220114195835-da31bd327af9 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20211116232009-f0f3c7e86c11 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.27.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )

documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum

@@ -458,8 +458,9 @@ github.com/go-kit/kit v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.9.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.10.0/go.mod h1:xUsJbQ/Fp4kEt7AFgCuvyX4a71u8h9jB8tj/ORgOZ7o=
 github.com/go-kit/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:zbhenjAZHb184qTLMA9ZjW7ThYL0H2mk7Q6pNt4vbaY=
-github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.0 h1:7i2K3eKTos3Vc0enKCfnVcgHh2olr/MyfboYq7cAcFw=
 github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.0/go.mod h1:NwTd00d/i8cPZ3xOwwiv2PO5MOcx78fFErGNcVmBjv0=
+github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1 h1:MRVx0/zhvdseW+Gza6N9rVzU/IVzaeE1SFI4raAhmBU=
+github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1/go.mod h1:NwTd00d/i8cPZ3xOwwiv2PO5MOcx78fFErGNcVmBjv0=
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.3.0/go.mod h1:Qt1PoO58o5twSAckw1HlFXLmHsOX5/0LbT9GBnD5lWE=
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.4.0/go.mod h1:3RMwSq7FuexP4Kalkev3ejPJsZTpXXBr9+V4qmtdjCk=
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.0/go.mod h1:wCYkCAKZfumFQihp8CzCvQ3paCTfi41vtzG1KdI/P7A=
@@ -1104,8 +1105,9 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.4.0/go.mod h1:e9GMxYsXl05ICDXkRhurwBS4Q3O
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.5.1/go.mod h1:e9GMxYsXl05ICDXkRhurwBS4Q3OK1iX/F2sw+iXX5zU=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.7.1/go.mod h1:PY5Wy2awLA44sXw4AOSfFBetzPP4j5+D6mVACh+pe2M=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.1 h1:ZiaPsmm9uiBeaSMRznKsCDNtPCS0T3JVDGF+06gjBzk=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.1/go.mod h1:3Z9XVyYiZYEO+YQWt3RD2R3jrbd179Rt297l4aS6nDY=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.2 h1:51L9cDoUHVrXx4zWYlcLQIZ+d+VXHgqnYKkIuq4g/34=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.2/go.mod h1:3Z9XVyYiZYEO+YQWt3RD2R3jrbd179Rt297l4aS6nDY=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20171117100541-99fa1f4be8e5/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190115171406-56726106282f/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
@@ -1126,8 +1128,9 @@ github.com/prometheus/common v0.10.0/go.mod h1:Tlit/dnDKsSWFlCLTWaA1cyBgKHSMdTB8
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.26.0/go.mod h1:M7rCNAaPfAosfx8veZJCuw84e35h3Cfd9VFqTh1DIvc=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.29.0/go.mod h1:vu+V0TpY+O6vW9J44gczi3Ap/oXXR10b+M/gUGO4Hls=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.30.0/go.mod h1:vu+V0TpY+O6vW9J44gczi3Ap/oXXR10b+M/gUGO4Hls=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.32.1 h1:hWIdL3N2HoUx3B8j3YN9mWor0qhY/NlEKZEaXxuIRh4=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.32.1/go.mod h1:vu+V0TpY+O6vW9J44gczi3Ap/oXXR10b+M/gUGO4Hls=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.34.0 h1:RBmGO9d/FVjqHT0yUGQwBJhkwKV+wPCn7KGpvfab0uE=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.34.0/go.mod h1:gB3sOl7P0TvJabZpLY5uQMpUqRCPPCyRLCZYc7JZTNE=
 github.com/prometheus/common/sigv4 v0.1.0 h1:qoVebwtwwEhS85Czm2dSROY5fTo2PAPEVdDeppTwGX4=
 github.com/prometheus/common/sigv4 v0.1.0/go.mod h1:2Jkxxk9yYvCkE5G1sQT7GuEXm57JrvHu9k5YwTjsNtI=
 github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit v0.6.1/go.mod h1:ZUBIj498ePooX9t/2xtDjeQYwvRpiPP2lh5u4iblj2g=
@@ -1228,8 +1231,9 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UV
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0/go.mod h1:j7eGeouHqKxXV5pUuKE4zz7dFj8WfuZ+81PSLYec5m4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1/go.mod h1:5W2xD1RspED5o8YsWQXVCued0rvSQ+mT+I5cxcmMvtA=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0 h1:nwc3DEeHmmLAfoZucVR881uASk0Mfjw8xYJ99tb5CcY=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.2 h1:4jaiDzPyXQvSd7D0EjG45355tLlV3VOECpq10pLC+8s=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.2/go.mod h1:R6va5+xMeoiuVRoj+gSkQ7d3FALtqAAGI1FQKckRals=
 github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20170704070218-db04d3cc01c8/go.mod h1:hkRG7XYTFWNJGYcbNJQlaLq0fg1yr4J4t/NcTQtrfww=
 github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20180916011248-d98352740cb2/go.mod h1:hkRG7XYTFWNJGYcbNJQlaLq0fg1yr4J4t/NcTQtrfww=
 github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20200815063812-42c35b437635/go.mod h1:hkRG7XYTFWNJGYcbNJQlaLq0fg1yr4J4t/NcTQtrfww=
@@ -1502,8 +1506,10 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210813160813-60bc85c4be6d/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qx
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211015210444-4f30a5c0130f/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211112202133-69e39bad7dc2/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211216030914-fe4d6282115f/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220105145211-5b0dc2dfae98 h1:+6WJMRLHlD7X7frgp7TUZ36RnQzSf9wVVTNakEp+nqY=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220105145211-5b0dc2dfae98/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220127200216-cd36cc0744dd/go.mod h1:CfG3xpIq0wQ8r1q4Su4UZFWDARRcnwPjda9FqA0JpMk=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220225172249-27dd8689420f h1:oA4XRj0qtSt8Yo1Zms0CUlsT3KG69V2UGQWPBxujDmc=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220225172249-27dd8689420f/go.mod h1:CfG3xpIq0wQ8r1q4Su4UZFWDARRcnwPjda9FqA0JpMk=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
@@ -1519,8 +1525,9 @@ golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20210514164344-f6687ab2804c/go.mod h1:KelEdhl1UZF7XfJ
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20210628180205-a41e5a781914/go.mod h1:KelEdhl1UZF7XfJ4dDtk6s++YSgaE7mD/BuKKDLBl4A=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20210805134026-6f1e6394065a/go.mod h1:KelEdhl1UZF7XfJ4dDtk6s++YSgaE7mD/BuKKDLBl4A=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20210819190943-2bc19b11175f/go.mod h1:KelEdhl1UZF7XfJ4dDtk6s++YSgaE7mD/BuKKDLBl4A=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20211104180415-d3ed0bb246c8 h1:RerP+noqYHUQ8CMRcPlC2nvTa4dcBIjegkuWdcUDuqg=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20211104180415-d3ed0bb246c8/go.mod h1:KelEdhl1UZF7XfJ4dDtk6s++YSgaE7mD/BuKKDLBl4A=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20220223155221-ee480838109b h1:clP8eMhB30EHdc0bd2Twtq6kgU7yl5ub2cQLSdrv1Dg=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20220223155221-ee480838109b/go.mod h1:DAh4E804XQdzx2j+YRIaUnCqCV2RuMz24cGBJ5QYIrc=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181221193216-37e7f081c4d4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -1653,8 +1660,9 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220114195835-da31bd327af9 h1:XfKQ4OlFl8okEOr5UvAqFRVj8
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220114195835-da31bd327af9/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210220032956-6a3ed077a48d h1:SZxvLBoTP5yHO3Frd4z4vrF+DBX9vMVanchswa69toE=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210220032956-6a3ed077a48d/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
+golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211 h1:JGgROgKl9N8DuW20oFS5gxc+lE67/N3FcwmBPMe7ArY=
+golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20160726164857-2910a502d2bf/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
@@ -1975,8 +1983,9 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200605160147-a5ece683394c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200615113413-eeeca48fe776/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b h1:h8qDotaEPuJATrMmW04NCwg7v22aHH28wwpauUhK9Oo=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:DsYFclhRJ6vuDpmuTbkuFWG+y2sxOXAzmJt81HFBacw=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.0.2/go.mod h1:3SzNCllyD9/Y+b5r9JIKQ474KzkZyqLqEfYqMsX94Bk=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.0.3/go.mod h1:Z7Lb0S5l+klDB31fvDQX8ss/FlKDxtlFlw3Oa8Ymbl8=

documentation/examples/remote_storage/remote_storage_adapter/influxdb/client.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package influxdb
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"os"
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
 	influx "github.com/influxdata/influxdb/client/v2"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ func (c *Client) buildCommand(q *prompb.Query) (string, error) {
 		case prompb.LabelMatcher_NRE:
 			matchers = append(matchers, fmt.Sprintf("%q !~ /^%s$/", m.Name, escapeSlashes(m.Value)))
 		default:
-			return "", errors.Errorf("unknown match type %v", m.Type)
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown match type %v", m.Type)
 		}
 	}
 	matchers = append(matchers, fmt.Sprintf("time >= %vms", q.StartTimestampMs))
@@ -253,27 +253,27 @@ func valuesToSamples(values [][]interface{}) ([]prompb.Sample, error) {
 	samples := make([]prompb.Sample, 0, len(values))
 	for _, v := range values {
 		if len(v) != 2 {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("bad sample tuple length, expected [<timestamp>, <value>], got %v", v)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad sample tuple length, expected [<timestamp>, <value>], got %v", v)
 		}
 
 		jsonTimestamp, ok := v[0].(json.Number)
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("bad timestamp: %v", v[0])
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad timestamp: %v", v[0])
 		}
 
 		jsonValue, ok := v[1].(json.Number)
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("bad sample value: %v", v[1])
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad sample value: %v", v[1])
 		}
 
 		timestamp, err := jsonTimestamp.Int64()
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "unable to convert sample timestamp to int64")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert sample timestamp to int64: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		value, err := jsonValue.Float64()
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "unable to convert sample value to float64")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert sample value to float64: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		samples = append(samples, prompb.Sample{

documentation/examples/remote_storage/remote_storage_adapter/main.go

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
 	"github.com/golang/snappy"
 	influx "github.com/influxdata/influxdb/client/v2"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ func parseFlags() *config {
 
 	_, err := a.Parse(os.Args[1:])
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, errors.Wrapf(err, "Error parsing commandline arguments"))
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, fmt.Errorf("Error parsing commandline arguments: %w", err))
 		a.Usage(os.Args[1:])
 		os.Exit(2)
 	}

documentation/examples/remote_storage/remote_storage_adapter/opentsdb/client.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math"
 	"net/http"
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 )
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ func (c *Client) Write(samples model.Samples) error {
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf, &r); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return errors.Errorf("failed to write %d samples to OpenTSDB, %d succeeded", r["failed"], r["success"])
+	return fmt.Errorf("failed to write %d samples to OpenTSDB, %d succeeded", r["failed"], r["success"])
 }
 
 // Name identifies the client as an OpenTSDB client.

documentation/examples/remote_storage/remote_storage_adapter/opentsdb/tagvalue.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 )
 
@@ -98,13 +97,13 @@ func (tv *TagValue) UnmarshalJSON(json []byte) error {
 	for i, b := range json {
 		if i == 0 {
 			if b != '"' {
-				return errors.Errorf("expected '\"', got %q", b)
+				return fmt.Errorf("expected '\"', got %q", b)
 			}
 			continue
 		}
 		if i == len(json)-1 {
 			if b != '"' {
-				return errors.Errorf("expected '\"', got %q", b)
+				return fmt.Errorf("expected '\"', got %q", b)
 			}
 			break
 		}
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ func (tv *TagValue) UnmarshalJSON(json []byte) error {
 				parsedByte = (b - 55) << 4
 				escapeLevel = 2
 			default:
-				return errors.Errorf(
+				return fmt.Errorf(
 					"illegal escape sequence at byte %d (%c)",
 					i, b,
 				)
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ func (tv *TagValue) UnmarshalJSON(json []byte) error {
 			case b >= 'A' && b <= 'F': // A-F
 				parsedByte += b - 55
 			default:
-				return errors.Errorf(
+				return fmt.Errorf(
 					"illegal escape sequence at byte %d (%c)",
 					i, b,
 				)

go.mod

@@ -1,52 +1,45 @@
 module github.com/prometheus/prometheus
 
-go 1.16
+go 1.17
 
 require (
-	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go v63.0.0+incompatible
-	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest v0.11.25
-	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/adal v0.9.18
-	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/to v0.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/validation v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go v65.0.0+incompatible
+	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest v0.11.27
+	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/adal v0.9.20
 	github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20211218093645-b94a6e3cc137
-	github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.3.3 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.43.31
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.44.29
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2
-	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dennwc/varint v1.0.0
 	github.com/dgryski/go-sip13 v0.0.0-20200911182023-62edffca9245
-	github.com/digitalocean/godo v1.78.0
-	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.14+incompatible
+	github.com/digitalocean/godo v1.80.0
+	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.16+incompatible
 	github.com/edsrzf/mmap-go v1.1.0
 	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.10.2-0.20220325020618-49ff273808a1
 	github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.6.7
-	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.1
-	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.0
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.4
+	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1
 	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.1
 	github.com/go-openapi/strfmt v0.21.2
 	github.com/go-zookeeper/zk v1.0.2
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4
-	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20220318212150-b2ab0324ddda
-	github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud v0.24.0
+	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20220520215854-d04f2422c8a1
+	github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud v0.25.0
 	github.com/grafana/regexp v0.0.0-20220304095617-2e8d9baf4ac2
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.16.0
-	github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.12.0
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog v0.12.2 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go v1.33.1
+	github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.13.0
+	github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go v1.33.2
+	github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.0.5851
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12
 	github.com/kolo/xmlrpc v0.0.0-20201022064351-38db28db192b
-	github.com/linode/linodego v1.4.1
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.48
-	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20210619224110-3f7ff695adc6 // indirect
+	github.com/linode/linodego v1.6.0
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.49
 	github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack v0.0.0-20190716064945-2f068394615f
 	github.com/oklog/run v1.1.0
 	github.com/oklog/ulid v1.3.1
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
 	github.com/prometheus/alertmanager v0.24.0
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.1
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.2
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.34.0
 	github.com/prometheus/common/assets v0.1.0
@@ -55,34 +48,139 @@ require (
 	github.com/scaleway/scaleway-sdk-go v1.0.0-beta.9
 	github.com/shurcooL/httpfs v0.0.0-20190707220628-8d4bc4ba7749
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.31.0
+	github.com/vultr/govultr/v2 v2.17.1
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.32.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.7.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.6.1
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.6.1
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.6.1
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.6.1
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.7.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.7.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.7.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.7.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.7.0
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.1
 	go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.12
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220412020605-290c469a71a5
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20220411215720-9780585627b5
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220412211240-33da011f77ad
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220607020251-c690dde0001d
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20220524215830-622c5d57e401
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220601150217-0de741cfad7f
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a
 	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220224211638-0e9765cccd65
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.1.10
-	google.golang.org/api v0.77.0
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20220414192740-2d67ff6cf2b4
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.46.0
+	google.golang.org/api v0.83.0
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20220602131408-e326c6e8e9c8
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.47.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0
 	gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b
-	k8s.io/api v0.23.6
-	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.23.6
-	k8s.io/client-go v0.23.5
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
+	k8s.io/api v0.24.1
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.24.1
+	k8s.io/client-go v0.24.0
 	k8s.io/klog v1.0.0
-	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.40.1
+	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.60.1
+)
+
+require (
+	cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-autorest v14.2.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/date v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/to v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/validation v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/logger v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/tracing v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.5.1 // indirect
+	github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578 // indirect
+	github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20190718012654-fb15b899a751 // indirect
+	github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.3.3 // indirect
+	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20210307081110-f21760c49a8d // indirect
+	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20211011173535-cb28da3451f1 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/distribution v2.7.1+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/emicklei/go-restful v2.9.5+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/evanphx/json-patch v4.12.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-kit/kit v0.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/analysis v0.21.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.20.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.5 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.19.6 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/loads v0.21.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.20.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.21.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/validate v0.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-resty/resty/v2 v2.1.1-0.20191201195748-d7b97669fe48 // indirect
+	github.com/go-stack/stack v1.8.1 // indirect
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4 v4.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/glog v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/gnostic v0.5.7-v3refs // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.8 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.10.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog v0.12.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-rootcerts v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v0.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/serf v0.9.6 // indirect
+	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.12 // indirect
+	github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jpillora/backoff v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14 // indirect
+	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.2-0.20181231171920-c182affec369 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/go-homedir v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20210619224110-3f7ff695adc6 // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
+	github.com/onsi/ginkgo v1.16.4 // indirect
+	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.15.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.7.3 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.2.0 // indirect
+	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.8.3 // indirect
+	go.opencensus.io v0.23.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/internal/retry v1.7.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.30.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220214200702-86341886e292 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220106191415-9b9b3d81d5e3 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20220517211312-f3a8303e98df // indirect
+	google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c // indirect
+	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
+	gotest.tools/v3 v3.0.3 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20220328201542-3ee0da9b0b42 // indirect
+	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20220210201930-3a6ce19ff2f9 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20211208200746-9f7c6b3444d2 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.2.1 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0 // indirect
 )
 
 replace (
@@ -98,95 +196,3 @@ exclude (
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.14.7
 	google.golang.org/api v0.30.0
 )
-
-// Exclude pre-go-mod kubernetes tags, as they are older
-// than v0.x releases but are picked when we update the dependencies.
-exclude (
-	k8s.io/client-go v1.4.0
-	k8s.io/client-go v1.4.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v1.5.0
-	k8s.io/client-go v1.5.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v1.5.1
-	k8s.io/client-go v1.5.1+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v10.0.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v11.0.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v2.0.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v2.0.0-alpha.1+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v3.0.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v3.0.0-beta.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v4.0.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v4.0.0-beta.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v5.0.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v5.0.1+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v6.0.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v7.0.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v8.0.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v9.0.0+incompatible
-	k8s.io/client-go v9.0.0-invalid+incompatible
-)
-
-retract (
-	v2.5.0+incompatible
-	v2.5.0-rc.2+incompatible
-	v2.5.0-rc.1+incompatible
-	v2.5.0-rc.0+incompatible
-	v2.4.3+incompatible
-	v2.4.2+incompatible
-	v2.4.1+incompatible
-	v2.4.0+incompatible
-	v2.4.0-rc.0+incompatible
-	v2.3.2+incompatible
-	v2.3.1+incompatible
-	v2.3.0+incompatible
-	v2.2.1+incompatible
-	v2.2.0+incompatible
-	v2.2.0-rc.1+incompatible
-	v2.2.0-rc.0+incompatible
-	v2.1.0+incompatible
-	v2.0.0+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-rc.3+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-rc.2+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-rc.1+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-rc.0+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-beta.5+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-beta.4+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-beta.3+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-beta.2+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-beta.1+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-beta.0+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-alpha.3+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-alpha.2+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-alpha.1+incompatible
-	v2.0.0-alpha.0+incompatible
-	v1.8.2
-	v1.8.1
-	v1.8.0
-	v1.7.2
-	v1.7.1
-	v1.7.0
-	v1.6.3
-	v1.6.2
-	v1.6.1
-	v1.6.0
-	v1.5.3
-	v1.5.2
-	v1.5.1
-	v1.5.0
-	v1.4.1
-	v1.4.0
-	v1.3.1
-	v1.3.0
-	v1.3.0-beta.0
-	v1.2.3
-	v1.2.2
-	v1.2.1
-	v1.2.0
-	v1.1.3
-	v1.1.2
-	v1.1.1
-	v1.1.0
-	v1.0.2
-	v1.0.1
-	v1.0.0
-	v1.0.0-rc.0
-)

model/labels/labels.go

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func (ls *Labels) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 func (ls Labels) MatchLabels(on bool, names ...string) Labels {
 	matchedLabels := Labels{}
 
-	nameSet := map[string]struct{}{}
+	nameSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(names))
 	for _, n := range names {
 		nameSet[n] = struct{}{}
 	}
@@ -202,11 +202,11 @@ func (ls Labels) HashWithoutLabels(b []byte, names ...string) (uint64, []byte) {
 	return xxhash.Sum64(b), b
 }
 
-// WithLabels returns a new labels.Labels from ls that only contains labels matching names.
+// BytesWithLabels is just as Bytes(), but only for labels matching names.
 // 'names' have to be sorted in ascending order.
-func (ls Labels) WithLabels(names ...string) Labels {
-	ret := make([]Label, 0, len(ls))
-
+func (ls Labels) BytesWithLabels(buf []byte, names ...string) []byte {
+	b := bytes.NewBuffer(buf[:0])
+	b.WriteByte(labelSep)
 	i, j := 0, 0
 	for i < len(ls) && j < len(names) {
 		if names[j] < ls[i].Name {
@@ -214,30 +214,40 @@ func (ls Labels) WithLabels(names ...string) Labels {
 		} else if ls[i].Name < names[j] {
 			i++
 		} else {
-			ret = append(ret, ls[i])
+			if b.Len() > 1 {
+				b.WriteByte(seps[0])
+			}
+			b.WriteString(ls[i].Name)
+			b.WriteByte(seps[0])
+			b.WriteString(ls[i].Value)
 			i++
 			j++
 		}
 	}
-	return ret
+	return b.Bytes()
 }
 
-// WithoutLabels returns a new labels.Labels from ls that contains labels not matching names.
+// BytesWithoutLabels is just as Bytes(), but only for labels not matching names.
 // 'names' have to be sorted in ascending order.
-func (ls Labels) WithoutLabels(names ...string) Labels {
-	ret := make([]Label, 0, len(ls))
-
+func (ls Labels) BytesWithoutLabels(buf []byte, names ...string) []byte {
+	b := bytes.NewBuffer(buf[:0])
+	b.WriteByte(labelSep)
 	j := 0
 	for i := range ls {
 		for j < len(names) && names[j] < ls[i].Name {
 			j++
 		}
-		if ls[i].Name == MetricName || (j < len(names) && ls[i].Name == names[j]) {
+		if j < len(names) && ls[i].Name == names[j] {
 			continue
 		}
-		ret = append(ret, ls[i])
+		if b.Len() > 1 {
+			b.WriteByte(seps[0])
+		}
+		b.WriteString(ls[i].Name)
+		b.WriteByte(seps[0])
+		b.WriteString(ls[i].Value)
 	}
-	return ret
+	return b.Bytes()
 }
 
 // Copy returns a copy of the labels.
@@ -349,7 +359,7 @@ func FromStrings(ss ...string) Labels {
 	if len(ss)%2 != 0 {
 		panic("invalid number of strings")
 	}
-	var res Labels
+	res := make(Labels, 0, len(ss)/2)
 	for i := 0; i < len(ss); i += 2 {
 		res = append(res, Label{Name: ss[i], Value: ss[i+1]})
 	}
@@ -426,6 +436,20 @@ func (b *Builder) Del(ns ...string) *Builder {
 	return b
 }
 
+// Keep removes all labels from the base except those with the given names.
+func (b *Builder) Keep(ns ...string) *Builder {
+Outer:
+	for _, l := range b.base {
+		for _, n := range ns {
+			if l.Name == n {
+				continue Outer
+			}
+		}
+		b.del = append(b.del, l.Name)
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
 // Set the name/value pair as a label.
 func (b *Builder) Set(n, v string) *Builder {
 	if v == "" {
@@ -467,8 +491,9 @@ Outer:
 		}
 		res = append(res, l)
 	}
-	res = append(res, b.add...)
-	sort.Sort(res)
-
+	if len(b.add) > 0 { // Base is already in order, so we only need to sort if we add to it.
+		res = append(res, b.add...)
+		sort.Sort(res)
+	}
 	return res
 }

model/labels/labels_test.go

@@ -624,81 +624,94 @@ func TestLabels_Map(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{"aaa": "111", "bbb": "222"}, Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}}.Map())
 }
 
-func TestLabels_WithLabels(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Equal(t, Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}}, Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}, {"ccc", "333"}}.WithLabels("aaa", "bbb"))
+func TestLabels_BytesWithLabels(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}}.Bytes(nil), Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}, {"ccc", "333"}}.BytesWithLabels(nil, "aaa", "bbb"))
+	require.Equal(t, Labels{}.Bytes(nil), Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}, {"ccc", "333"}}.BytesWithLabels(nil))
 }
 
-func TestLabels_WithoutLabels(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Equal(t, Labels{{"aaa", "111"}}, Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}, {"ccc", "333"}}.WithoutLabels("bbb", "ccc"))
-	require.Equal(t, Labels{{"aaa", "111"}}, Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}, {MetricName, "333"}}.WithoutLabels("bbb"))
+func TestLabels_BytesWithoutLabels(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, Labels{{"aaa", "111"}}.Bytes(nil), Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}, {"ccc", "333"}}.BytesWithoutLabels(nil, "bbb", "ccc"))
+	require.Equal(t, Labels{{"aaa", "111"}}.Bytes(nil), Labels{{MetricName, "333"}, {"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}}.BytesWithoutLabels(nil, MetricName, "bbb"))
 }
 
-func TestBulider_NewBulider(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Equal(
-		t,
-		&Builder{
-			base: Labels{{"aaa", "111"}},
-			del:  []string{},
-			add:  []Label{},
+func TestBuilder(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, tcase := range []struct {
+		base Labels
+		del  []string
+		keep []string
+		set  []Label
+		want Labels
+	}{
+		{
+			base: FromStrings("aaa", "111"),
+			want: FromStrings("aaa", "111"),
 		},
-		NewBuilder(Labels{{"aaa", "111"}}),
-	)
-}
-
-func TestBuilder_Del(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Equal(
-		t,
-		&Builder{
-			del: []string{"bbb"},
-			add: []Label{{"aaa", "111"}, {"ccc", "333"}},
-		},
-		(&Builder{
-			del: []string{},
-			add: []Label{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}, {"ccc", "333"}},
-		}).Del("bbb"),
-	)
-}
-
-func TestBuilder_Set(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Equal(
-		t,
-		&Builder{
-			base: Labels{{"aaa", "111"}},
-			del:  []string{},
-			add:  []Label{{"bbb", "222"}},
-		},
-		(&Builder{
-			base: Labels{{"aaa", "111"}},
-			del:  []string{},
-			add:  []Label{},
-		}).Set("bbb", "222"),
-	)
-
-	require.Equal(
-		t,
-		&Builder{
-			base: Labels{{"aaa", "111"}},
-			del:  []string{},
-			add:  []Label{{"bbb", "333"}},
-		},
-		(&Builder{
-			base: Labels{{"aaa", "111"}},
-			del:  []string{},
-			add:  []Label{{"bbb", "222"}},
-		}).Set("bbb", "333"),
-	)
-}
-
-func TestBuilder_Labels(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Equal(
-		t,
-		Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"ccc", "333"}, {"ddd", "444"}},
-		(&Builder{
-			base: Labels{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}, {"ccc", "333"}},
+		{
+			base: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "bbb", "222", "ccc", "333"),
 			del:  []string{"bbb"},
-			add:  []Label{{"ddd", "444"}},
-		}).Labels(),
-	)
+			want: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "ccc", "333"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: nil,
+			set:  []Label{{"aaa", "111"}, {"bbb", "222"}, {"ccc", "333"}},
+			del:  []string{"bbb"},
+			want: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "ccc", "333"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: FromStrings("aaa", "111"),
+			set:  []Label{{"bbb", "222"}},
+			want: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "bbb", "222"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: FromStrings("aaa", "111"),
+			set:  []Label{{"bbb", "222"}, {"bbb", "333"}},
+			want: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "bbb", "333"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "bbb", "222", "ccc", "333"),
+			del:  []string{"bbb"},
+			set:  []Label{{"ddd", "444"}},
+			want: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "ccc", "333", "ddd", "444"),
+		},
+		{ // Blank value is interpreted as delete.
+			base: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "bbb", "", "ccc", "333"),
+			want: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "ccc", "333"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "bbb", "222", "ccc", "333"),
+			set:  []Label{{"bbb", ""}},
+			want: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "ccc", "333"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "bbb", "222", "ccc", "333"),
+			keep: []string{"bbb"},
+			want: FromStrings("bbb", "222"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "bbb", "222", "ccc", "333"),
+			keep: []string{"aaa", "ccc"},
+			want: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "ccc", "333"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "bbb", "222", "ccc", "333"),
+			del:  []string{"bbb"},
+			set:  []Label{{"ddd", "444"}},
+			keep: []string{"aaa", "ddd"},
+			want: FromStrings("aaa", "111", "ddd", "444"),
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprint(i), func(t *testing.T) {
+			b := NewBuilder(tcase.base)
+			for _, lbl := range tcase.set {
+				b.Set(lbl.Name, lbl.Value)
+			}
+			if len(tcase.keep) > 0 {
+				b.Keep(tcase.keep...)
+			}
+			b.Del(tcase.del...)
+			require.Equal(t, tcase.want, b.Labels())
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func TestLabels_Hash(t *testing.T) {

plugins.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 - github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/eureka
 - github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/gce
 - github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/hetzner
+- github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/ionos
 - github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/kubernetes
 - github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/linode
 - github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/marathon

plugins/plugins.go

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ import (
 	// Register hetzner plugin.
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/hetzner"
 
+	// Register ionos plugin.
+	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/ionos"
+
 	// Register kubernetes plugin.
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/kubernetes"
 
@@ -67,6 +70,9 @@ import (
 	// Register uyuni plugin.
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/uyuni"
 
+	// Register vultr plugin.
+	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/vultr"
+
 	// Register xds plugin.
 	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/xds"
 

promql/engine.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"container/heap"
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"reflect"
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
 	"github.com/grafana/regexp"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
@@ -209,10 +209,10 @@ func contextDone(ctx context.Context, env string) error {
 }
 
 func contextErr(err error, env string) error {
-	switch err {
-	case context.Canceled:
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
 		return ErrQueryCanceled(env)
-	case context.DeadlineExceeded:
+	case errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded):
 		return ErrQueryTimeout(env)
 	default:
 		return err
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ func (ng *Engine) NewRangeQuery(q storage.Queryable, opts *QueryOpts, qs string,
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if expr.Type() != parser.ValueTypeVector && expr.Type() != parser.ValueTypeScalar {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid expression type %q for range query, must be Scalar or instant Vector", parser.DocumentedType(expr.Type()))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid expression type %q for range query, must be Scalar or instant Vector", parser.DocumentedType(expr.Type()))
 	}
 	qry, err := ng.newQuery(q, opts, expr, start, end, interval)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ func (ng *Engine) exec(ctx context.Context, q *query) (v parser.Value, ws storag
 		return nil, nil, s(ctx)
 	}
 
-	panic(errors.Errorf("promql.Engine.exec: unhandled statement of type %T", q.Statement()))
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("promql.Engine.exec: unhandled statement of type %T", q.Statement()))
 }
 
 func timeMilliseconds(t time.Time) int64 {
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ func (ng *Engine) execEvalStmt(ctx context.Context, query *query, s *parser.Eval
 		case String:
 			return result, warnings, nil
 		default:
-			panic(errors.Errorf("promql.Engine.exec: invalid expression type %q", val.Type()))
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("promql.Engine.exec: invalid expression type %q", val.Type()))
 		}
 
 		query.matrix = mat
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ func (ng *Engine) execEvalStmt(ctx context.Context, query *query, s *parser.Eval
 		case parser.ValueTypeMatrix:
 			return mat, warnings, nil
 		default:
-			panic(errors.Errorf("promql.Engine.exec: unexpected expression type %q", s.Expr.Type()))
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("promql.Engine.exec: unexpected expression type %q", s.Expr.Type()))
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ func (ng *Engine) execEvalStmt(ctx context.Context, query *query, s *parser.Eval
 
 	mat, ok := val.(Matrix)
 	if !ok {
-		panic(errors.Errorf("promql.Engine.exec: invalid expression type %q", val.Type()))
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("promql.Engine.exec: invalid expression type %q", val.Type()))
 	}
 	query.matrix = mat
 
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ type evaluator struct {
 
 // errorf causes a panic with the input formatted into an error.
 func (ev *evaluator) errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
-	ev.error(errors.Errorf(format, args...))
+	ev.error(fmt.Errorf(format, args...))
 }
 
 // error causes a panic with the given error.
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) recover(ws *storage.Warnings, errp *error) {
 		buf = buf[:runtime.Stack(buf, false)]
 
 		level.Error(ev.logger).Log("msg", "runtime panic in parser", "err", e, "stacktrace", string(buf))
-		*errp = errors.Wrap(err, "unexpected error")
+		*errp = fmt.Errorf("unexpected error: %w", err)
 	case errWithWarnings:
 		*errp = err.err
 		*ws = append(*ws, err.warnings...)
@@ -1347,7 +1347,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, storage.Warnings) {
 		ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ev.ctx, sel)
 		warnings = append(warnings, ws...)
 		if err != nil {
-			ev.error(errWithWarnings{errors.Wrap(err, "expanding series"), warnings})
+			ev.error(errWithWarnings{fmt.Errorf("expanding series: %w", err), warnings})
 		}
 		mat := make(Matrix, 0, len(selVS.Series)) // Output matrix.
 		offset := durationMilliseconds(selVS.Offset)
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, storage.Warnings) {
 	case *parser.VectorSelector:
 		ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ev.ctx, e)
 		if err != nil {
-			ev.error(errWithWarnings{errors.Wrap(err, "expanding series"), ws})
+			ev.error(errWithWarnings{fmt.Errorf("expanding series: %w", err), ws})
 		}
 		mat := make(Matrix, 0, len(e.Series))
 		it := storage.NewMemoizedEmptyIterator(durationMilliseconds(ev.lookbackDelta))
@@ -1660,11 +1660,11 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, storage.Warnings) {
 		// with changed timestamps.
 		mat, ok := res.(Matrix)
 		if !ok {
-			panic(errors.Errorf("unexpected result in StepInvariantExpr evaluation: %T", expr))
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("unexpected result in StepInvariantExpr evaluation: %T", expr))
 		}
 		for i := range mat {
 			if len(mat[i].Points) != 1 {
-				panic(errors.Errorf("unexpected number of samples"))
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("unexpected number of samples"))
 			}
 			for ts := ev.startTimestamp + ev.interval; ts <= ev.endTimestamp; ts = ts + ev.interval {
 				mat[i].Points = append(mat[i].Points, Point{
@@ -1682,14 +1682,14 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, storage.Warnings) {
 		return res, ws
 	}
 
-	panic(errors.Errorf("unhandled expression of type: %T", expr))
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("unhandled expression of type: %T", expr))
 }
 
 // vectorSelector evaluates a *parser.VectorSelector expression.
 func (ev *evaluator) vectorSelector(node *parser.VectorSelector, ts int64) (Vector, storage.Warnings) {
 	ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ev.ctx, node)
 	if err != nil {
-		ev.error(errWithWarnings{errors.Wrap(err, "expanding series"), ws})
+		ev.error(errWithWarnings{fmt.Errorf("expanding series: %w", err), ws})
 	}
 	vec := make(Vector, 0, len(node.Series))
 	it := storage.NewMemoizedEmptyIterator(durationMilliseconds(ev.lookbackDelta))
@@ -1779,7 +1779,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) matrixSelector(node *parser.MatrixSelector) (Matrix, storag
 	)
 	ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ev.ctx, node)
 	if err != nil {
-		ev.error(errWithWarnings{errors.Wrap(err, "expanding series"), ws})
+		ev.error(errWithWarnings{fmt.Errorf("expanding series: %w", err), ws})
 	}
 
 	series := vs.Series
@@ -2094,14 +2094,16 @@ func (ev *evaluator) VectorBinop(op parser.ItemType, lhs, rhs Vector, matching *
 }
 
 func signatureFunc(on bool, b []byte, names ...string) func(labels.Labels) string {
-	sort.Strings(names)
 	if on {
+		sort.Strings(names)
 		return func(lset labels.Labels) string {
-			return string(lset.WithLabels(names...).Bytes(b))
+			return string(lset.BytesWithLabels(b, names...))
 		}
 	}
+	names = append([]string{labels.MetricName}, names...)
+	sort.Strings(names)
 	return func(lset labels.Labels) string {
-		return string(lset.WithoutLabels(names...).Bytes(b))
+		return string(lset.BytesWithoutLabels(b, names...))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2136,15 +2138,7 @@ func resultMetric(lhs, rhs labels.Labels, op parser.ItemType, matching *parser.V
 
 	if matching.Card == parser.CardOneToOne {
 		if matching.On {
-		Outer:
-			for _, l := range lhs {
-				for _, n := range matching.MatchingLabels {
-					if l.Name == n {
-						continue Outer
-					}
-				}
-				enh.lb.Del(l.Name)
-			}
+			enh.lb.Keep(matching.MatchingLabels...)
 		} else {
 			enh.lb.Del(matching.MatchingLabels...)
 		}
@@ -2231,7 +2225,7 @@ func scalarBinop(op parser.ItemType, lhs, rhs float64) float64 {
 	case parser.ATAN2:
 		return math.Atan2(lhs, rhs)
 	}
-	panic(errors.Errorf("operator %q not allowed for Scalar operations", op))
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("operator %q not allowed for Scalar operations", op))
 }
 
 // vectorElemBinop evaluates a binary operation between two Vector elements.
@@ -2272,7 +2266,7 @@ func vectorElemBinop(op parser.ItemType, lhs, rhs float64, hlhs, hrhs *histogram
 	case parser.ATAN2:
 		return math.Atan2(lhs, rhs), nil, true
 	}
-	panic(errors.Errorf("operator %q not allowed for operations between Vectors", op))
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("operator %q not allowed for operations between Vectors", op))
 }
 
 type groupedAggregation struct {
@@ -2350,16 +2344,14 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(op parser.ItemType, grouping []string, without
 		group, ok := result[groupingKey]
 		// Add a new group if it doesn't exist.
 		if !ok {
-			var m labels.Labels
-
+			lb.Reset(metric)
 			if without {
-				lb.Reset(metric)
 				lb.Del(grouping...)
 				lb.Del(labels.MetricName)
-				m = lb.Labels()
 			} else {
-				m = metric.WithLabels(grouping...)
+				lb.Keep(grouping...)
 			}
+			m := lb.Labels()
 			newAgg := &groupedAggregation{
 				labels:     m,
 				value:      s.V,
@@ -2511,7 +2503,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(op parser.ItemType, grouping []string, without
 			group.heap = append(group.heap, s)
 
 		default:
-			panic(errors.Errorf("expected aggregation operator but got %q", op))
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("expected aggregation operator but got %q", op))
 		}
 	}
 

promql/engine_test.go

@@ -684,7 +684,6 @@ load 10s
 			Result: Matrix{
 				Series{
 					Points: []Point{{V: 1, T: 0}, {V: 1, T: 1000}, {V: 1, T: 2000}},
-					Metric: labels.FromStrings(),
 				},
 			},
 			Start:    time.Unix(0, 0),
@@ -721,24 +720,26 @@ load 10s
 		},
 	}
 
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		var err error
-		var qry Query
-		if c.Interval == 0 {
-			qry, err = test.QueryEngine().NewInstantQuery(test.Queryable(), nil, c.Query, c.Start)
-		} else {
-			qry, err = test.QueryEngine().NewRangeQuery(test.Queryable(), nil, c.Query, c.Start, c.End, c.Interval)
-		}
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+	for i, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d query=%s", i, c.Query), func(t *testing.T) {
+			var err error
+			var qry Query
+			if c.Interval == 0 {
+				qry, err = test.QueryEngine().NewInstantQuery(test.Queryable(), nil, c.Query, c.Start)
+			} else {
+				qry, err = test.QueryEngine().NewRangeQuery(test.Queryable(), nil, c.Query, c.Start, c.End, c.Interval)
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		res := qry.Exec(test.Context())
-		if c.ShouldError {
-			require.Error(t, res.Err, "expected error for the query %q", c.Query)
-			continue
-		}
+			res := qry.Exec(test.Context())
+			if c.ShouldError {
+				require.Error(t, res.Err, "expected error for the query %q", c.Query)
+				return
+			}
 
-		require.NoError(t, res.Err)
-		require.Equal(t, c.Result, res.Value, "query %q failed", c.Query)
+			require.NoError(t, res.Err)
+			require.Equal(t, c.Result, res.Value, "query %q failed", c.Query)
+		})
 	}
 }
 

promql/functions.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package promql
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/regexp"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
@@ -300,10 +300,10 @@ func funcHoltWinters(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNode
 
 	// Sanity check the input.
 	if sf <= 0 || sf >= 1 {
-		panic(errors.Errorf("invalid smoothing factor. Expected: 0 < sf < 1, got: %f", sf))
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid smoothing factor. Expected: 0 < sf < 1, got: %f", sf))
 	}
 	if tf <= 0 || tf >= 1 {
-		panic(errors.Errorf("invalid trend factor. Expected: 0 < tf < 1, got: %f", tf))
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid trend factor. Expected: 0 < tf < 1, got: %f", tf))
 	}
 
 	l := len(samples.Points)
@@ -868,7 +868,6 @@ func funcPredictLinear(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNo
 func funcHistogramQuantile(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) Vector {
 	q := vals[0].(Vector)[0].V
 	inVec := vals[1].(Vector)
-	sigf := signatureFunc(false, enh.lblBuf, labels.BucketLabel)
 
 	if enh.signatureToMetricWithBuckets == nil {
 		enh.signatureToMetricWithBuckets = map[string]*metricWithBuckets{}
@@ -896,21 +895,15 @@ func funcHistogramQuantile(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *Ev
 			// TODO(beorn7): Issue a warning somehow.
 			continue
 		}
-
-		l := sigf(sample.Metric)
-		// Add the metric name (which is always removed) to the signature to prevent combining multiple histograms
-		// with the same label set. See https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/9910
-		// TODO(beorn7): What's the performance impact? We might need to implement this more efficiently.
-		l = l + sample.Metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel)
-
-		mb, ok := enh.signatureToMetricWithBuckets[l]
+		enh.lblBuf = sample.Metric.BytesWithoutLabels(enh.lblBuf, labels.BucketLabel)
+		mb, ok := enh.signatureToMetricWithBuckets[string(enh.lblBuf)]
 		if !ok {
 			sample.Metric = labels.NewBuilder(sample.Metric).
 				Del(excludedLabels...).
 				Labels()
 
 			mb = &metricWithBuckets{sample.Metric, nil}
-			enh.signatureToMetricWithBuckets[l] = mb
+			enh.signatureToMetricWithBuckets[string(enh.lblBuf)] = mb
 		}
 		mb.buckets = append(mb.buckets, bucket{upperBound, sample.V})
 
@@ -920,17 +913,13 @@ func funcHistogramQuantile(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *Ev
 	for _, sample := range histogramSamples {
 		// We have to reconstruct the exact same signature as above for
 		// a conventional histogram, just ignoring any le label.
-		// TODO(beorn7): This replicates the inefficient implementation
-		// from above and has to be improved under the same
-		// circumstances.
-		l := string(sample.Metric.WithoutLabels().Bytes(enh.lblBuf))
-		l = l + sample.Metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel)
-		if mb, ok := enh.signatureToMetricWithBuckets[l]; ok && len(mb.buckets) > 0 {
+		enh.lblBuf = sample.Metric.Bytes(enh.lblBuf)
+		if mb, ok := enh.signatureToMetricWithBuckets[string(enh.lblBuf)]; ok && len(mb.buckets) > 0 {
 			// At this data point, we have conventional histogram
 			// buckets and a native histogram with the same name and
 			// labels. Do not evaluate anything.
 			// TODO(beorn7): Issue a warning somehow.
-			delete(enh.signatureToMetricWithBuckets, l)
+			delete(enh.signatureToMetricWithBuckets, string(enh.lblBuf))
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -1004,10 +993,10 @@ func funcLabelReplace(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNod
 		var err error
 		enh.regex, err = regexp.Compile("^(?:" + regexStr + ")$")
 		if err != nil {
-			panic(errors.Errorf("invalid regular expression in label_replace(): %s", regexStr))
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid regular expression in label_replace(): %s", regexStr))
 		}
 		if !model.LabelNameRE.MatchString(dst) {
-			panic(errors.Errorf("invalid destination label name in label_replace(): %s", dst))
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid destination label name in label_replace(): %s", dst))
 		}
 		enh.Dmn = make(map[uint64]labels.Labels, len(enh.Out))
 	}
@@ -1069,13 +1058,13 @@ func funcLabelJoin(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHe
 	for i := 3; i < len(args); i++ {
 		src := stringFromArg(args[i])
 		if !model.LabelName(src).IsValid() {
-			panic(errors.Errorf("invalid source label name in label_join(): %s", src))
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid source label name in label_join(): %s", src))
 		}
 		srcLabels[i-3] = src
 	}
 
 	if !model.LabelName(dst).IsValid() {
-		panic(errors.Errorf("invalid destination label name in label_join(): %s", dst))
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid destination label name in label_join(): %s", dst))
 	}
 
 	srcVals := make([]string, len(srcLabels))
@@ -1152,6 +1141,13 @@ func funcDayOfWeek(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHe
 	})
 }
 
+// === day_of_year(v Vector) Scalar ===
+func funcDayOfYear(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) Vector {
+	return dateWrapper(vals, enh, func(t time.Time) float64 {
+		return float64(t.YearDay())
+	})
+}
+
 // === hour(v Vector) Scalar ===
 func funcHour(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) Vector {
 	return dateWrapper(vals, enh, func(t time.Time) float64 {
@@ -1203,6 +1199,7 @@ var FunctionCalls = map[string]FunctionCall{
 	"days_in_month":      funcDaysInMonth,
 	"day_of_month":       funcDayOfMonth,
 	"day_of_week":        funcDayOfWeek,
+	"day_of_year":        funcDayOfYear,
 	"deg":                funcDeg,
 	"delta":              funcDelta,
 	"deriv":              funcDeriv,
@@ -1257,7 +1254,7 @@ var FunctionCalls = map[string]FunctionCall{
 // that can also change with change in eval time.
 var AtModifierUnsafeFunctions = map[string]struct{}{
 	// Step invariant functions.
-	"days_in_month": {}, "day_of_month": {}, "day_of_week": {},
+	"days_in_month": {}, "day_of_month": {}, "day_of_week": {}, "day_of_year": {},
 	"hour": {}, "minute": {}, "month": {}, "year": {},
 	"predict_linear": {}, "time": {},
 	// Uses timestamp of the argument for the result,

promql/fuzz.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package promql
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/textparse"
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ func fuzzParseMetricWithContentType(in []byte, contentType string) int {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	if err == io.EOF {
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		err = nil
 	}
 

promql/parser/ast.go

@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@ package parser
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
 )
@@ -394,7 +393,7 @@ func Children(node Node) []Node {
 		// nothing to do
 		return []Node{}
 	default:
-		panic(errors.Errorf("promql.Children: unhandled node type %T", node))
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("promql.Children: unhandled node type %T", node))
 	}
 }
 

promql/parser/functions.go

@@ -132,6 +132,12 @@ var Functions = map[string]*Function{
 		Variadic:   1,
 		ReturnType: ValueTypeVector,
 	},
+	"day_of_year": {
+		Name:       "day_of_year",
+		ArgTypes:   []ValueType{ValueTypeVector},
+		Variadic:   1,
+		ReturnType: ValueTypeVector,
+	},
 	"deg": {
 		Name:       "deg",
 		ArgTypes:   []ValueType{ValueTypeVector},

promql/parser/parse.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package parser
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"os"
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ func ParseSeriesDesc(input string) (labels labels.Labels, values []SequenceValue
 
 // addParseErrf formats the error and appends it to the list of parsing errors.
 func (p *parser) addParseErrf(positionRange PositionRange, format string, args ...interface{}) {
-	p.addParseErr(positionRange, errors.Errorf(format, args...))
+	p.addParseErr(positionRange, fmt.Errorf(format, args...))
 }
 
 // addParseErr appends the provided error to the list of parsing errors.
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ func MustLabelMatcher(mt labels.MatchType, name, val string) *labels.Matcher {
 func MustGetFunction(name string) *Function {
 	f, ok := getFunction(name)
 	if !ok {
-		panic(errors.Errorf("function %q does not exist", name))
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("function %q does not exist", name))
 	}
 	return f
 }

promql/parser/parse_test.go

@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
 package parser
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
@@ -3570,7 +3570,8 @@ func TestParseExpressions(t *testing.T) {
 				require.Error(t, err)
 				require.Contains(t, err.Error(), test.errMsg, "unexpected error on input '%s', expected '%s', got '%s'", test.input, test.errMsg, err.Error())
 
-				errorList, ok := err.(ParseErrors)
+				var errorList ParseErrors
+				ok := errors.As(err, &errorList)
 
 				require.True(t, ok, "unexpected error type")
 

promql/test.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package promql
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"os"
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/regexp"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func (t *Test) ExemplarQueryable() storage.ExemplarQueryable {
 func raise(line int, format string, v ...interface{}) error {
 	return &parser.ParseErr{
 		LineOffset: line,
-		Err:        errors.Errorf(format, v...),
+		Err:        fmt.Errorf(format, v...),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -146,7 +146,8 @@ func parseLoad(lines []string, i int) (int, *loadCmd, error) {
 		}
 		metric, vals, err := parser.ParseSeriesDesc(defLine)
 		if err != nil {
-			if perr, ok := err.(*parser.ParseErr); ok {
+			var perr *parser.ParseErr
+			if errors.As(err, &perr) {
 				perr.LineOffset = i
 			}
 			return i, nil, err
@@ -168,7 +169,8 @@ func (t *Test) parseEval(lines []string, i int) (int, *evalCmd, error) {
 	)
 	_, err := parser.ParseExpr(expr)
 	if err != nil {
-		if perr, ok := err.(*parser.ParseErr); ok {
+		var perr *parser.ParseErr
+		if errors.As(err, &perr) {
 			perr.LineOffset = i
 			posOffset := parser.Pos(strings.Index(lines[i], expr))
 			perr.PositionRange.Start += posOffset
@@ -205,7 +207,8 @@ func (t *Test) parseEval(lines []string, i int) (int, *evalCmd, error) {
 		}
 		metric, vals, err := parser.ParseSeriesDesc(defLine)
 		if err != nil {
-			if perr, ok := err.(*parser.ParseErr); ok {
+			var perr *parser.ParseErr
+			if errors.As(err, &perr) {
 				perr.LineOffset = i
 			}
 			return i, nil, err
@@ -388,14 +391,14 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 		for pos, v := range val {
 			fp := v.Metric.Hash()
 			if _, ok := ev.metrics[fp]; !ok {
-				return errors.Errorf("unexpected metric %s in result", v.Metric)
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected metric %s in result", v.Metric)
 			}
 			exp := ev.expected[fp]
 			if ev.ordered && exp.pos != pos+1 {
-				return errors.Errorf("expected metric %s with %v at position %d but was at %d", v.Metric, exp.vals, exp.pos, pos+1)
+				return fmt.Errorf("expected metric %s with %v at position %d but was at %d", v.Metric, exp.vals, exp.pos, pos+1)
 			}
 			if !almostEqual(exp.vals[0].Value, v.V) {
-				return errors.Errorf("expected %v for %s but got %v", exp.vals[0].Value, v.Metric, v.V)
+				return fmt.Errorf("expected %v for %s but got %v", exp.vals[0].Value, v.Metric, v.V)
 			}
 
 			seen[fp] = true
@@ -406,17 +409,17 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 				for _, ss := range val {
 					fmt.Println("    ", ss.Metric, ss.Point)
 				}
-				return errors.Errorf("expected metric %s with %v not found", ev.metrics[fp], expVals)
+				return fmt.Errorf("expected metric %s with %v not found", ev.metrics[fp], expVals)
 			}
 		}
 
 	case Scalar:
 		if !almostEqual(ev.expected[0].vals[0].Value, val.V) {
-			return errors.Errorf("expected Scalar %v but got %v", val.V, ev.expected[0].vals[0].Value)
+			return fmt.Errorf("expected Scalar %v but got %v", val.V, ev.expected[0].vals[0].Value)
 		}
 
 	default:
-		panic(errors.Errorf("promql.Test.compareResult: unexpected result type %T", result))
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("promql.Test.compareResult: unexpected result type %T", result))
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -543,14 +546,14 @@ func (t *Test) exec(tc testCommand) error {
 				if cmd.fail {
 					continue
 				}
-				return errors.Wrapf(res.Err, "error evaluating query %q (line %d)", iq.expr, cmd.line)
+				return fmt.Errorf("error evaluating query %q (line %d): %w", iq.expr, cmd.line, res.Err)
 			}
 			if res.Err == nil && cmd.fail {
-				return errors.Errorf("expected error evaluating query %q (line %d) but got none", iq.expr, cmd.line)
+				return fmt.Errorf("expected error evaluating query %q (line %d) but got none", iq.expr, cmd.line)
 			}
 			err = cmd.compareResult(res.Value)
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error in %s %s", cmd, iq.expr)
+				return fmt.Errorf("error in %s %s: %w", cmd, iq.expr, err)
 			}
 
 			// Check query returns same result in range mode,
@@ -561,7 +564,7 @@ func (t *Test) exec(tc testCommand) error {
 			}
 			rangeRes := q.Exec(t.context)
 			if rangeRes.Err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(rangeRes.Err, "error evaluating query %q (line %d) in range mode", iq.expr, cmd.line)
+				return fmt.Errorf("error evaluating query %q (line %d) in range mode: %w", iq.expr, cmd.line, rangeRes.Err)
 			}
 			defer q.Close()
 			if cmd.ordered {
@@ -584,7 +587,7 @@ func (t *Test) exec(tc testCommand) error {
 				err = cmd.compareResult(vec)
 			}
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, "error in %s %s (line %d) range mode", cmd, iq.expr, cmd.line)
+				return fmt.Errorf("error in %s %s (line %d) range mode: %w", cmd, iq.expr, cmd.line, err)
 			}
 
 		}
@@ -658,7 +661,7 @@ func parseNumber(s string) (float64, error) {
 		f, err = strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "error parsing number")
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("error parsing number: %w", err)
 	}
 	return f, nil
 }