WIP

go.mod

@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/pbnjay/memory v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/browser v0.0.0-20240102092130-5ac0b6a4141c // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -592,6 +592,8 @@ github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINE
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
 github.com/pkg/profile v1.2.1/go.mod h1:hJw3o1OdXxsrSjjVksARp5W95eeEaEfptyVZyv6JUPA=
+github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.0 h1:nBeETjudeJ5ZgBHUz1fVHvbqUKnYOXNhsIEabROxmNA=
+github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.0/go.mod h1:t/avpk3KcrXxUnYOhZhMXJlSEyie6gQbtLq5NM3loB8=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 h1:Jamvg5psRIccs7FGNTlIRMkT8wgtp5eCXdBlqhYGL6U=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=

model/textparse/protobufparse.go

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
-	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
-	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/types"
+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/exemplar"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ func (p *ProtobufParser) Exemplar(ex *exemplar.Exemplar) bool {
 // CreatedTimestamp returns CT or nil if CT is not present or
 // invalid (as timestamp e.g. negative value) on counters, summaries or histograms.
 func (p *ProtobufParser) CreatedTimestamp() *int64 {
-	var ct *types.Timestamp
+	var ct *timestamppb.Timestamp
 	switch p.mf.GetType() {
 	case dto.MetricType_COUNTER:
 		ct = p.mf.GetMetric()[p.metricPos].GetCounter().GetCreatedTimestamp()
@@ -392,11 +392,7 @@ func (p *ProtobufParser) CreatedTimestamp() *int64 {
 		ct = p.mf.GetMetric()[p.metricPos].GetHistogram().GetCreatedTimestamp()
 	default:
 	}
-	ctAsTime, err := types.TimestampFromProto(ct)
-	if err != nil {
-		// Errors means ct == nil or invalid timestamp, which we silently ignore.
-		return nil
-	}
+	ctAsTime := ct.AsTime()
 	ctMilis := ctAsTime.UnixMilli()
 	return &ctMilis
 }
@@ -599,7 +595,7 @@ func readDelimited(b []byte, mf *dto.MetricFamily) (n int, err error) {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("protobufparse: insufficient length of buffer, expected at least %d bytes, got %d bytes", totalLength, len(b))
 	}
 	mf.Reset()
-	return totalLength, mf.Unmarshal(b[varIntLength:totalLength])
+	return totalLength, mf.UnmarshalVT(b[varIntLength:totalLength])
 }
 
 // formatOpenMetricsFloat works like the usual Go string formatting of a fleat

prompb/buf.gen.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+version: v1
+managed:
+  enabled: true
+  go_package_prefix:
+    # <module_name>   : name in go.mod
+    # <relative_path> : where generated code should be output
+    default: github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb
+    except:
+      - buf.build/googleapis/googleapis
+plugins:
+  - plugin: buf.build/protocolbuffers/go
+    out: .
+    opt:
+      - paths=source_relative
+  - plugin: buf.build/community/planetscale-vtprotobuf:v0.6.0
+    out: .
+    opt:
+      - paths=source_relative

prompb/codec.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func (m ChunkedSeries) ToLabels(b *labels.ScratchBuilder, _ []string) labels.Lab
 	return labelProtosToLabels(b, m.GetLabels())
 }
 
-func labelProtosToLabels(b *labels.ScratchBuilder, labelPairs []Label) labels.Labels {
+func labelProtosToLabels(b *labels.ScratchBuilder, labelPairs []*Label) labels.Labels {
 	b.Reset()
 	for _, l := range labelPairs {
 		b.Add(l.Name, l.Value)
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func (h Histogram) ToFloatHistogram() *histogram.FloatHistogram {
 	}
 }
 
-func spansProtoToSpans(s []BucketSpan) []histogram.Span {
+func spansProtoToSpans(s []*BucketSpan) []histogram.Span {
 	spans := make([]histogram.Span, len(s))
 	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
 		spans[i] = histogram.Span{Offset: s[i].Offset, Length: s[i].Length}
@@ -179,10 +179,10 @@ func FromFloatHistogram(timestamp int64, fh *histogram.FloatHistogram) Histogram
 	}
 }
 
-func spansToSpansProto(s []histogram.Span) []BucketSpan {
-	spans := make([]BucketSpan, len(s))
+func spansToSpansProto(s []histogram.Span) []*BucketSpan {
+	spans := make([]*BucketSpan, len(s))
 	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
-		spans[i] = BucketSpan{Offset: s[i].Offset, Length: s[i].Length}
+		spans[i] = &BucketSpan{Offset: s[i].Offset, Length: s[i].Length}
 	}
 
 	return spans

prompb/custom.go

@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ import (
 )
 
 func (r *ChunkedReadResponse) PooledMarshal(p *sync.Pool) ([]byte, error) {
-	size := r.Size()
+	size := r.SizeVT()
 	data, ok := p.Get().(*[]byte)
 	if ok && cap(*data) >= size {
-		n, err := r.MarshalToSizedBuffer((*data)[:size])
+		n, err := r.MarshalToVT((*data)[:size])
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		return (*data)[:n], nil
 	}
-	return r.Marshal()
+	return r.MarshalVT()
 }

prompb/io/prometheus/client/metrics.proto

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ syntax = "proto3";
 package io.prometheus.client;
 option go_package = "io_prometheus_client";
 
-import "gogoproto/gogo.proto";
 import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
 
 message LabelPair {
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ message Quantile {
 message Summary {
   uint64            sample_count = 1;
   double            sample_sum   = 2;
-  repeated Quantile quantile     = 3 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Quantile quantile     = 3;
 
   google.protobuf.Timestamp  created_timestamp = 4;
 }
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ message Histogram {
   double sample_count_float = 4; // Overrides sample_count if > 0.
   double sample_sum         = 2;
   // Buckets for the classic histogram.
-  repeated Bucket bucket = 3 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false]; // Ordered in increasing order of upper_bound, +Inf bucket is optional.
+  repeated Bucket bucket = 3; // Ordered in increasing order of upper_bound, +Inf bucket is optional.
 
   google.protobuf.Timestamp created_timestamp = 15;
 
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ message Histogram {
   double zero_count_float = 8; // Overrides sb_zero_count if > 0.
 
   // Negative buckets for the native histogram.
-  repeated BucketSpan negative_span = 9 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated BucketSpan negative_span = 9;
   // Use either "negative_delta" or "negative_count", the former for
   // regular histograms with integer counts, the latter for float
   // histograms.
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ message Histogram {
   // Use a no-op span (offset 0, length 0) for a native histogram without any
   // observations yet and with a zero_threshold of 0. Otherwise, it would be
   // indistinguishable from a classic histogram.
-  repeated BucketSpan positive_span = 12 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated BucketSpan positive_span = 12;
   // Use either "positive_delta" or "positive_count", the former for
   // regular histograms with integer counts, the latter for float
   // histograms.
@@ -136,13 +135,13 @@ message BucketSpan {
 }
 
 message Exemplar {
-  repeated LabelPair        label     = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated LabelPair        label     = 1;
   double                    value     = 2;
   google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 3; // OpenMetrics-style.
 }
 
 message Metric {
-  repeated LabelPair label        = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated LabelPair label        = 1;
   Gauge              gauge        = 2;
   Counter            counter      = 3;
   Summary            summary      = 4;
@@ -155,6 +154,6 @@ message MetricFamily {
   string          name   = 1;
   string          help   = 2;
   MetricType      type   = 3;
-  repeated Metric metric = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Metric metric = 4;
   string          unit   = 5;
 }

prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/codec.go

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func (h Histogram) ToFloatHistogram() *histogram.FloatHistogram {
 	}
 }
 
-func spansProtoToSpans(s []BucketSpan) []histogram.Span {
+func spansProtoToSpans(s []*BucketSpan) []histogram.Span {
 	spans := make([]histogram.Span, len(s))
 	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
 		spans[i] = histogram.Span{Offset: s[i].Offset, Length: s[i].Length}
@@ -195,10 +195,10 @@ func FromFloatHistogram(timestamp int64, fh *histogram.FloatHistogram) Histogram
 	}
 }
 
-func spansToSpansProto(s []histogram.Span) []BucketSpan {
-	spans := make([]BucketSpan, len(s))
+func spansToSpansProto(s []histogram.Span) []*BucketSpan {
+	spans := make([]*BucketSpan, len(s))
 	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
-		spans[i] = BucketSpan{Offset: s[i].Offset, Length: s[i].Length}
+		spans[i] = &BucketSpan{Offset: s[i].Offset, Length: s[i].Length}
 	}
 
 	return spans

prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/custom.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package writev2
 
 import (
+	math_bits "math/bits"
 	"slices"
 )
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ func (m Sample) T() int64   { return m.Timestamp }
 func (m Sample) V() float64 { return m.Value }
 
 func (m *Request) OptimizedMarshal(dst []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	siz := m.Size()
+	siz := m.SizeVT()
 	if cap(dst) < siz {
 		dst = make([]byte, siz)
 	}
@@ -39,10 +40,7 @@ func (m *Request) OptimizedMarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	_ = i
 	var l int
 	_ = l
-	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
-		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
-	}
+	// Removed XXX_unrecognized handling
 	if len(m.Timeseries) > 0 {
 		for iNdEx := len(m.Timeseries) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
 			{
@@ -73,20 +71,13 @@ func (m *Request) OptimizedMarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 // but marshals m.LabelsRefs in place without extra allocations.
 func (m *TimeSeries) OptimizedMarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	i := len(dAtA)
-	_ = i
-	var l int
-	_ = l
-	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
-		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
-	}
 	if m.CreatedTimestamp != 0 {
 		i = encodeVarintTypes(dAtA, i, uint64(m.CreatedTimestamp))
 		i--
 		dAtA[i] = 0x30
 	}
 	{
-		size, err := m.Metadata.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+		size, err := m.Metadata.MarshalToVT(dAtA[:i]) // Adjusted for vtproto
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, err
 		}
@@ -98,7 +89,7 @@ func (m *TimeSeries) OptimizedMarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	if len(m.Histograms) > 0 {
 		for iNdEx := len(m.Histograms) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
 			{
-				size, err := m.Histograms[iNdEx].MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+				size, err := m.Histograms[iNdEx].MarshalToVT(dAtA[:i]) // Adjusted for vtproto
 				if err != nil {
 					return 0, err
 				}
@@ -112,7 +103,7 @@ func (m *TimeSeries) OptimizedMarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	if len(m.Exemplars) > 0 {
 		for iNdEx := len(m.Exemplars) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
 			{
-				size, err := m.Exemplars[iNdEx].MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+				size, err := m.Exemplars[iNdEx].MarshalToVT(dAtA[:i]) // Adjusted for vtproto
 				if err != nil {
 					return 0, err
 				}
@@ -126,7 +117,7 @@ func (m *TimeSeries) OptimizedMarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	if len(m.Samples) > 0 {
 		for iNdEx := len(m.Samples) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
 			{
-				size, err := m.Samples[iNdEx].MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+				size, err := m.Samples[iNdEx].MarshalToVT(dAtA[:i]) // Adjusted for vtproto
 				if err != nil {
 					return 0, err
 				}
@@ -139,8 +130,6 @@ func (m *TimeSeries) OptimizedMarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	}
 
 	if len(m.LabelsRefs) > 0 {
-		// This is the trick: encode the varints in reverse order to make it easier
-		// to do it in place. Then reverse the whole thing.
 		var j10 int
 		start := i
 		for _, num := range m.LabelsRefs {
@@ -155,11 +144,25 @@ func (m *TimeSeries) OptimizedMarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 			j10++
 		}
 		slices.Reverse(dAtA[i:start])
-		// --- end of trick
-
 		i = encodeVarintTypes(dAtA, i, uint64(j10))
 		i--
 		dAtA[i] = 0xa
 	}
 	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
+
+func encodeVarintTypes(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint64) int {
+	offset -= sovTypes(v)
+	base := offset
+	for v >= 1<<7 {
+		dAtA[offset] = uint8(v&0x7f | 0x80)
+		v >>= 7
+		offset++
+	}
+	dAtA[offset] = uint8(v)
+	return base
+}
+
+func sovTypes(x uint64) (n int) {
+	return (math_bits.Len64(x|1) + 6) / 7
+}

prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.proto

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ package io.prometheus.write.v2;
 
 option go_package = "writev2";
 
-import "gogoproto/gogo.proto";
-
 // Request represents a request to write the given timeseries to a remote destination.
 // This message was introduced in the Remote Write 2.0 specification:
 // https://prometheus.io/docs/concepts/remote_write_spec_2_0/
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ message Request {
   // strings is up to the sender. The receiver should not assume any particular encoding.
   repeated string symbols = 4;
   // timeseries represents an array of distinct series with 0 or more samples.
-  repeated TimeSeries timeseries = 5 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated TimeSeries timeseries = 5;
 }
 
 // TimeSeries represents a single series.
@@ -67,14 +65,14 @@ message TimeSeries {
   // streaming), in healthy cases, there will be only one sample or histogram.
   //
   // Samples and histograms are sorted by timestamp (older first).
-  repeated Sample samples = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
-  repeated Histogram histograms = 3 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Sample samples = 2;
+  repeated Histogram histograms = 3;
 
   // exemplars represents an optional set of exemplars attached to this series' samples.
-  repeated Exemplar exemplars = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Exemplar exemplars = 4;
 
   // metadata represents the metadata associated with the given series' samples.
-  Metadata metadata = 5 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  Metadata metadata = 5;
 
   // created_timestamp represents an optional created timestamp associated with
   // this series' samples in ms format, typically for counter or histogram type
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ message Histogram {
   }
 
   // Negative Buckets.
-  repeated BucketSpan negative_spans =  8 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated BucketSpan negative_spans =  8;
   // Use either "negative_deltas" or "negative_counts", the former for
   // regular histograms with integer counts, the latter for
   // float histograms.
@@ -205,7 +203,7 @@ message Histogram {
   // * The span offset+length points to an the index of the custom_values array
   // or +Inf if pointing to the len of the array.
   // * The counts and deltas have the same meaning as for exponential histograms.
-  repeated BucketSpan positive_spans = 11 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated BucketSpan positive_spans = 11;
   // Use either "positive_deltas" or "positive_counts", the former for
   // regular histograms with integer counts, the latter for
   // float histograms.

prompb/remote.proto

@@ -17,14 +17,13 @@ package prometheus;
 option go_package = "prompb";
 
 import "types.proto";
-import "gogoproto/gogo.proto";
 
 message WriteRequest {
-  repeated prometheus.TimeSeries timeseries = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated prometheus.TimeSeries timeseries = 1;
   // Cortex uses this field to determine the source of the write request.
   // We reserve it to avoid any compatibility issues.
   reserved  2;
-  repeated prometheus.MetricMetadata metadata = 3 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated prometheus.MetricMetadata metadata = 3;
 }
 
 // ReadRequest represents a remote read request.

prompb/types.proto

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ package prometheus;
 
 option go_package = "prompb";
 
-import "gogoproto/gogo.proto";
 
 message MetricMetadata {
   enum MetricType {
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ message Sample {
 
 message Exemplar {
   // Optional, can be empty.
-  repeated Label labels = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Label labels = 1;
   double value = 2;
   // timestamp is in ms format, see model/timestamp/timestamp.go for
   // conversion from time.Time to Prometheus timestamp.
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ message Histogram {
   }
 
   // Negative Buckets.
-  repeated BucketSpan negative_spans =  8 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated BucketSpan negative_spans =  8;
   // Use either "negative_deltas" or "negative_counts", the former for
   // regular histograms with integer counts, the latter for float
   // histograms.
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ message Histogram {
   repeated double negative_counts    = 10; // Absolute count of each bucket.
 
   // Positive Buckets.
-  repeated BucketSpan positive_spans = 11 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated BucketSpan positive_spans = 11;
   // Use either "positive_deltas" or "positive_counts", the former for
   // regular histograms with integer counts, the latter for float
   // histograms.
@@ -123,10 +122,10 @@ message BucketSpan {
 message TimeSeries {
   // For a timeseries to be valid, and for the samples and exemplars
   // to be ingested by the remote system properly, the labels field is required.
-  repeated Label labels         = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
-  repeated Sample samples       = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
-  repeated Exemplar exemplars   = 3 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
-  repeated Histogram histograms = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Label labels         = 1;
+  repeated Sample samples       = 2;
+  repeated Exemplar exemplars   = 3;
+  repeated Histogram histograms = 4;
 }
 
 message Label {
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ message Label {
 }
 
 message Labels {
-  repeated Label labels = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Label labels = 1;
 }
 
 // Matcher specifies a rule, which can match or set of labels or not.
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ message Chunk {
 // ChunkedSeries represents single, encoded time series.
 message ChunkedSeries {
   // Labels should be sorted.
-  repeated Label labels = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Label labels = 1;
   // Chunks will be in start time order and may overlap.
-  repeated Chunk chunks = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Chunk chunks = 2;
 }

storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper.go

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func (m byBucketBoundsData) Less(i, j int) bool { return m[i].bound < m[j].bound
 func (m byBucketBoundsData) Swap(i, j int)      { m[i], m[j] = m[j], m[i] }
 
 // ByLabelName enables the usage of sort.Sort() with a slice of labels.
-type ByLabelName []prompb.Label
+type ByLabelName []*prompb.Label
 
 func (a ByLabelName) Len() int           { return len(a) }
 func (a ByLabelName) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i].Name < a[j].Name }
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func (a ByLabelName) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
 // The label slice should not contain duplicate label names; this method sorts the slice by label name before creating
 // the signature.
 // The algorithm is the same as in Prometheus' labels.StableHash function.
-func timeSeriesSignature(labels []prompb.Label) uint64 {
+func timeSeriesSignature(labels []*prompb.Label) uint64 {
 	sort.Sort(ByLabelName(labels))
 
 	// Use xxhash.Sum64(b) for fast path as it's faster.
@@ -117,15 +117,15 @@ var seps = []byte{'\xff'}
 // if logOnOverwrite is true, the overwrite is logged. Resulting label names are sanitized.
 // If settings.PromoteResourceAttributes is not empty, it's a set of resource attributes that should be promoted to labels.
 func createAttributes(resource pcommon.Resource, attributes pcommon.Map, settings Settings,
-	ignoreAttrs []string, logOnOverwrite bool, extras ...string) []prompb.Label {
+	ignoreAttrs []string, logOnOverwrite bool, extras ...string) []*prompb.Label {
 	resourceAttrs := resource.Attributes()
 	serviceName, haveServiceName := resourceAttrs.Get(conventions.AttributeServiceName)
 	instance, haveInstanceID := resourceAttrs.Get(conventions.AttributeServiceInstanceID)
 
-	promotedAttrs := make([]prompb.Label, 0, len(settings.PromoteResourceAttributes))
+	promotedAttrs := make([]*prompb.Label, 0, len(settings.PromoteResourceAttributes))
 	for _, name := range settings.PromoteResourceAttributes {
 		if value, exists := resourceAttrs.Get(name); exists {
-			promotedAttrs = append(promotedAttrs, prompb.Label{Name: name, Value: value.AsString()})
+			promotedAttrs = append(promotedAttrs, &prompb.Label{Name: name, Value: value.AsString()})
 		}
 	}
 	sort.Stable(ByLabelName(promotedAttrs))
@@ -143,12 +143,12 @@ func createAttributes(resource pcommon.Resource, attributes pcommon.Map, setting
 
 	// Ensure attributes are sorted by key for consistent merging of keys which
 	// collide when sanitized.
-	labels := make([]prompb.Label, 0, maxLabelCount)
+	labels := make([]*prompb.Label, 0, maxLabelCount)
 	// XXX: Should we always drop service namespace/service name/service instance ID from the labels
 	// (as they get mapped to other Prometheus labels)?
 	attributes.Range(func(key string, value pcommon.Value) bool {
 		if !slices.Contains(ignoreAttrs, key) {
-			labels = append(labels, prompb.Label{Name: key, Value: value.AsString()})
+			labels = append(labels, &prompb.Label{Name: key, Value: value.AsString()})
 		}
 		return true
 	})
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func createAttributes(resource pcommon.Resource, attributes pcommon.Map, setting
 
 	labels = labels[:0]
 	for k, v := range l {
-		labels = append(labels, prompb.Label{Name: k, Value: v})
+		labels = append(labels, &prompb.Label{Name: k, Value: v})
 	}
 
 	return labels
@@ -328,20 +328,20 @@ type exemplarType interface {
 	Exemplars() pmetric.ExemplarSlice
 }
 
-func getPromExemplars[T exemplarType](pt T) []prompb.Exemplar {
-	promExemplars := make([]prompb.Exemplar, 0, pt.Exemplars().Len())
+func getPromExemplars[T exemplarType](pt T) []*prompb.Exemplar {
+	promExemplars := make([]*prompb.Exemplar, 0, pt.Exemplars().Len())
 	for i := 0; i < pt.Exemplars().Len(); i++ {
 		exemplar := pt.Exemplars().At(i)
 		exemplarRunes := 0
 
-		promExemplar := prompb.Exemplar{
+		promExemplar := &prompb.Exemplar{
 			Value:     exemplar.DoubleValue(),
 			Timestamp: timestamp.FromTime(exemplar.Timestamp().AsTime()),
 		}
 		if traceID := exemplar.TraceID(); !traceID.IsEmpty() {
 			val := hex.EncodeToString(traceID[:])
 			exemplarRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(traceIDKey) + utf8.RuneCountInString(val)
-			promLabel := prompb.Label{
+			promLabel := &prompb.Label{
 				Name:  traceIDKey,
 				Value: val,
 			}
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ func getPromExemplars[T exemplarType](pt T) []prompb.Exemplar {
 		if spanID := exemplar.SpanID(); !spanID.IsEmpty() {
 			val := hex.EncodeToString(spanID[:])
 			exemplarRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(spanIDKey) + utf8.RuneCountInString(val)
-			promLabel := prompb.Label{
+			promLabel := &prompb.Label{
 				Name:  spanIDKey,
 				Value: val,
 			}
@@ -358,11 +358,11 @@ func getPromExemplars[T exemplarType](pt T) []prompb.Exemplar {
 		}
 
 		attrs := exemplar.FilteredAttributes()
-		labelsFromAttributes := make([]prompb.Label, 0, attrs.Len())
+		labelsFromAttributes := make([]*prompb.Label, 0, attrs.Len())
 		attrs.Range(func(key string, value pcommon.Value) bool {
 			val := value.AsString()
 			exemplarRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(key) + utf8.RuneCountInString(val)
-			promLabel := prompb.Label{
+			promLabel := &prompb.Label{
 				Name:  key,
 				Value: val,
 			}
@@ -474,24 +474,24 @@ func (c *PrometheusConverter) addSummaryDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.SummaryDat
 // createLabels returns a copy of baseLabels, adding to it the pair model.MetricNameLabel=name.
 // If extras are provided, corresponding label pairs are also added to the returned slice.
 // If extras is uneven length, the last (unpaired) extra will be ignored.
-func createLabels(name string, baseLabels []prompb.Label, extras ...string) []prompb.Label {
+func createLabels(name string, baseLabels []*prompb.Label, extras ...string) []*prompb.Label {
 	extraLabelCount := len(extras) / 2
-	labels := make([]prompb.Label, len(baseLabels), len(baseLabels)+extraLabelCount+1) // +1 for name
+	labels := make([]*prompb.Label, len(baseLabels), len(baseLabels)+extraLabelCount+1) // +1 for name
 	copy(labels, baseLabels)
 
 	n := len(extras)
 	n -= n % 2
 	for extrasIdx := 0; extrasIdx < n; extrasIdx += 2 {
-		labels = append(labels, prompb.Label{Name: extras[extrasIdx], Value: extras[extrasIdx+1]})
+		labels = append(labels, &prompb.Label{Name: extras[extrasIdx], Value: extras[extrasIdx+1]})
 	}
 
-	labels = append(labels, prompb.Label{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: name})
+	labels = append(labels, &prompb.Label{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: name})
 	return labels
 }
 
 // getOrCreateTimeSeries returns the time series corresponding to the label set if existent, and false.
 // Otherwise it creates a new one and returns that, and true.
-func (c *PrometheusConverter) getOrCreateTimeSeries(lbls []prompb.Label) (*prompb.TimeSeries, bool) {
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) getOrCreateTimeSeries(lbls []*prompb.Label) (*prompb.TimeSeries, bool) {
 	h := timeSeriesSignature(lbls)
 	ts := c.unique[h]
 	if ts != nil {
@@ -527,10 +527,10 @@ func (c *PrometheusConverter) getOrCreateTimeSeries(lbls []prompb.Label) (*promp
 // addTimeSeriesIfNeeded adds a corresponding time series if it doesn't already exist.
 // If the time series doesn't already exist, it gets added with startTimestamp for its value and timestamp for its timestamp,
 // both converted to milliseconds.
-func (c *PrometheusConverter) addTimeSeriesIfNeeded(lbls []prompb.Label, startTimestamp pcommon.Timestamp, timestamp pcommon.Timestamp) {
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) addTimeSeriesIfNeeded(lbls []*prompb.Label, startTimestamp pcommon.Timestamp, timestamp pcommon.Timestamp) {
 	ts, created := c.getOrCreateTimeSeries(lbls)
 	if created {
-		ts.Samples = []prompb.Sample{
+		ts.Samples = []*prompb.Sample{
 			{
 				// convert ns to ms
 				Value:     float64(convertTimeStamp(startTimestamp)),

storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms.go

@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ func (c *PrometheusConverter) addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(dataPoints pmetr
 
 // exponentialToNativeHistogram translates OTel Exponential Histogram data point
 // to Prometheus Native Histogram.
-func exponentialToNativeHistogram(p pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint) (prompb.Histogram, error) {
+func exponentialToNativeHistogram(p pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint) (*prompb.Histogram, error) {
 	scale := p.Scale()
 	if scale < -4 {
-		return prompb.Histogram{},
+		return &prompb.Histogram{},
 			fmt.Errorf("cannot convert exponential to native histogram."+
 				" Scale must be >= -4, was %d", scale)
 	}
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func exponentialToNativeHistogram(p pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint) (prom
 	pSpans, pDeltas := convertBucketsLayout(p.Positive(), scaleDown)
 	nSpans, nDeltas := convertBucketsLayout(p.Negative(), scaleDown)
 
-	h := prompb.Histogram{
+	h := &prompb.Histogram{
 		// The counter reset detection must be compatible with Prometheus to
 		// safely set ResetHint to NO. This is not ensured currently.
 		// Sending a sample that triggers counter reset but with ResetHint==NO
@@ -128,14 +128,14 @@ func exponentialToNativeHistogram(p pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint) (prom
 // to the range (base 1].
 //
 // scaleDown is the factor by which the buckets are scaled down. In other words 2^scaleDown buckets will be merged into one.
-func convertBucketsLayout(buckets pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets, scaleDown int32) ([]prompb.BucketSpan, []int64) {
+func convertBucketsLayout(buckets pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets, scaleDown int32) ([]*prompb.BucketSpan, []int64) {
 	bucketCounts := buckets.BucketCounts()
 	if bucketCounts.Len() == 0 {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	var (
-		spans     []prompb.BucketSpan
+		spans     []*prompb.BucketSpan
 		deltas    []int64
 		count     int64
 		prevCount int64
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ func convertBucketsLayout(buckets pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets,
 
 	// The offset is scaled and adjusted by 1 as described above.
 	bucketIdx := buckets.Offset()>>scaleDown + 1
-	spans = append(spans, prompb.BucketSpan{
+	spans = append(spans, &prompb.BucketSpan{
 		Offset: bucketIdx,
 		Length: 0,
 	})
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ func convertBucketsLayout(buckets pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets,
 			// We have to create a new span, because we have found a gap
 			// of more than two buckets. The constant 2 is copied from the logic in
 			// https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/blob/27f0506d6ebbb117b6b697d0552ee5be2502c5f2/prometheus/histogram.go#L1296
-			spans = append(spans, prompb.BucketSpan{
+			spans = append(spans, &prompb.BucketSpan{
 				Offset: gap,
 				Length: 0,
 			})
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func convertBucketsLayout(buckets pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets,
 		// We have to create a new span, because we have found a gap
 		// of more than two buckets. The constant 2 is copied from the logic in
 		// https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/blob/27f0506d6ebbb117b6b697d0552ee5be2502c5f2/prometheus/histogram.go#L1296
-		spans = append(spans, prompb.BucketSpan{
+		spans = append(spans, &prompb.BucketSpan{
 			Offset: gap,
 			Length: 0,
 		})

storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw.go

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ func (c *PrometheusConverter) FromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings)
 	return
 }
 
-func isSameMetric(ts *prompb.TimeSeries, lbls []prompb.Label) bool {
+func isSameMetric(ts *prompb.TimeSeries, lbls []*prompb.Label) bool {
 	if len(ts.Labels) != len(lbls) {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -170,13 +170,13 @@ func (c *PrometheusConverter) addExemplars(dataPoint pmetric.HistogramDataPoint,
 // If there is no corresponding TimeSeries already, it's created.
 // The corresponding TimeSeries is returned.
 // If either lbls is nil/empty or sample is nil, nothing is done.
-func (c *PrometheusConverter) addSample(sample *prompb.Sample, lbls []prompb.Label) *prompb.TimeSeries {
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) addSample(sample *prompb.Sample, lbls []*prompb.Label) *prompb.TimeSeries {
 	if sample == nil || len(lbls) == 0 {
 		// This shouldn't happen
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	ts, _ := c.getOrCreateTimeSeries(lbls)
-	ts.Samples = append(ts.Samples, *sample)
+	ts.Samples = append(ts.Samples, sample)
 	return ts
 }