From 34230bb17293535b65a53e33cbaf626663a679c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Nov 2023 17:20:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 001/180] tsdb/wlog: close segment files sooner

'defer' runs at the end of the whole function; we should close each
segment file as soon as we finished reading it.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/wlog/watcher.go      | 5 +++--
 tsdb/wlog/watcher_test.go | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
index 1c76e3887..56cd0cc4e 100644
--- a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
+++ b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
@@ -730,10 +730,11 @@ func (w *Watcher) readCheckpoint(checkpointDir string, readFn segmentReadFn) err
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unable to open segment: %w", err)
 		}
-		defer sr.Close()
 
 		r := NewLiveReader(w.logger, w.readerMetrics, sr)
-		if err := readFn(w, r, index, false); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		err = readFn(w, r, index, false)
+		sr.Close()
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("readSegment: %w", err)
 		}
 
diff --git a/tsdb/wlog/watcher_test.go b/tsdb/wlog/watcher_test.go
index b30dce91a..2686d3bc9 100644
--- a/tsdb/wlog/watcher_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/wlog/watcher_test.go
@@ -218,11 +218,11 @@ func TestTailSamples(t *testing.T) {
 			for i := first; i <= last; i++ {
 				segment, err := OpenReadSegment(SegmentName(watcher.walDir, i))
 				require.NoError(t, err)
-				defer segment.Close()
 
 				reader := NewLiveReader(nil, NewLiveReaderMetrics(nil), segment)
 				// Use tail true so we can ensure we got the right number of samples.
 				watcher.readSegment(reader, i, true)
+				require.NoError(t, segment.Close())
 			}
 
 			expectedSeries := seriesCount

From fb6a45f06bbe474096162d33c6ac8afcbbb71f45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Jan 2024 18:28:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 002/180] tsdb/wlog: Only treat unknown record types as failure

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 CHANGELOG.md         |  1 +
 tsdb/wlog/watcher.go | 10 ++++------
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 1dfcc5c33..e17124abe 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 * [ENHANCEMENT] OTLP: Improve remote write format translation performance by using label set hashes for metric identifiers instead of string based ones. #14006 #13991
 * [BUGFIX] OTLP: Don't generate target_info unless at least one identifying label is defined. #13991
 * [BUGFIX] OTLP: Don't generate target_info unless there are metrics. #13991
+* [BUGFIX] tsdb/wlog.Watcher.readSegmentForGC: Only count unknown record types against record_decode_failures_total metric. #14042
 
 ## 2.52.0-rc.1 / 2024-05-03
 
diff --git a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
index 8ebd9249a..fd4f5f20f 100644
--- a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
+++ b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
@@ -685,14 +685,12 @@ func (w *Watcher) readSegmentForGC(r *LiveReader, segmentNum int, _ bool) error
 			}
 			w.writer.UpdateSeriesSegment(series, segmentNum)
 
-		// Ignore these; we're only interested in series.
-		case record.Samples:
-		case record.Exemplars:
-		case record.Tombstones:
-
-		default:
+		case record.Unknown:
 			// Could be corruption, or reading from a WAL from a newer Prometheus.
 			w.recordDecodeFailsMetric.Inc()
+
+		default:
+			// We're only interested in series.
 		}
 	}
 	if err := r.Err(); err != nil {

From 0cc99e677ad3da2cf00599cb0e6c272ab58688f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 7 May 2024 18:14:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 003/180] promql.Engine: Add Close method

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 cmd/prometheus/main.go         |  9 +++++
 promql/bench_test.go           |  8 ++++
 promql/engine.go               | 11 ++++++
 promql/engine_test.go          | 71 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 promql/functions_test.go       |  3 ++
 promql/promql_test.go          |  9 +++--
 promql/promqltest/test.go      | 14 +++++--
 promql/promqltest/test_test.go |  2 +-
 rules/alerting_test.go         | 70 +++++++++++++++++++++------------
 rules/manager_test.go          | 36 ++++++++++++++---
 rules/recording_test.go        | 12 ++++--
 web/api/v1/api_test.go         | 48 ++++++++++++++---------
 web/api/v1/errors_test.go      |  9 ++++-
 13 files changed, 218 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/prometheus/main.go b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
index f2988b2f2..dfc499c63 100644
--- a/cmd/prometheus/main.go
+++ b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
@@ -955,12 +955,18 @@ func main() {
 	listener, err := webHandler.Listener()
 	if err != nil {
 		level.Error(logger).Log("msg", "Unable to start web listener", "err", err)
+		if err := queryEngine.Close(); err != nil {
+			level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "Closing query engine failed", "err", err)
+		}
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	err = toolkit_web.Validate(*webConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		level.Error(logger).Log("msg", "Unable to validate web configuration file", "err", err)
+		if err := queryEngine.Close(); err != nil {
+			level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "Closing query engine failed", "err", err)
+		}
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
@@ -982,6 +988,9 @@ func main() {
 				case <-cancel:
 					reloadReady.Close()
 				}
+				if err := queryEngine.Close(); err != nil {
+					level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "Closing query engine failed", "err", err)
+				}
 				return nil
 			},
 			func(err error) {
diff --git a/promql/bench_test.go b/promql/bench_test.go
index 9a8529091..eca721d56 100644
--- a/promql/bench_test.go
+++ b/promql/bench_test.go
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql"
@@ -257,6 +259,9 @@ func BenchmarkRangeQuery(b *testing.B) {
 		Timeout:    100 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	b.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(b, engine.Close())
+	})
 
 	const interval = 10000 // 10s interval.
 	// A day of data plus 10k steps.
@@ -340,6 +345,9 @@ func BenchmarkNativeHistograms(b *testing.B) {
 	for _, tc := range cases {
 		b.Run(tc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
 			ng := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+			b.Cleanup(func() {
+				require.NoError(b, ng.Close())
+			})
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 				qry, err := ng.NewRangeQuery(context.Background(), testStorage, nil, tc.query, start, end, step)
 				if err != nil {
diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index ea4bc1af8..8825be20c 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"math"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
@@ -271,6 +272,8 @@ func contextErr(err error, env string) error {
 //
 // 2) Enforcement of the maximum number of concurrent queries.
 type QueryTracker interface {
+	io.Closer
+
 	// GetMaxConcurrent returns maximum number of concurrent queries that are allowed by this tracker.
 	GetMaxConcurrent() int
 
@@ -423,6 +426,14 @@ func NewEngine(opts EngineOpts) *Engine {
 	}
 }
 
+// Close closes ng.
+func (ng *Engine) Close() error {
+	if ng.activeQueryTracker != nil {
+		return ng.activeQueryTracker.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // SetQueryLogger sets the query logger.
 func (ng *Engine) SetQueryLogger(l QueryLogger) {
 	ng.queryLoggerLock.Lock()
diff --git a/promql/engine_test.go b/promql/engine_test.go
index b7435d473..805999369 100644
--- a/promql/engine_test.go
+++ b/promql/engine_test.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
-	"os"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
@@ -55,14 +54,7 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 func TestQueryConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
 	maxConcurrency := 10
 
-	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "test_concurrency")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
-	queryTracker := promql.NewActiveQueryTracker(dir, maxConcurrency, nil)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, queryTracker.Close())
-	})
-
+	queryTracker := promql.NewActiveQueryTracker(t.TempDir(), maxConcurrency, nil)
 	opts := promql.EngineOpts{
 		Logger:             nil,
 		Reg:                nil,
@@ -72,13 +64,18 @@ func TestQueryConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancelCtx()
+	t.Cleanup(cancelCtx)
 
 	block := make(chan struct{})
 	processing := make(chan struct{})
 	done := make(chan int)
-	defer close(done)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		close(done)
+	})
 
 	f := func(context.Context) error {
 		select {
@@ -164,6 +161,9 @@ func TestQueryTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    5 * time.Millisecond,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancelCtx()
 
@@ -263,6 +263,9 @@ func TestQueryError(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	errStorage := promql.ErrStorage{errors.New("storage error")}
 	queryable := storage.QueryableFunc(func(mint, maxt int64) (storage.Querier, error) {
 		return &errQuerier{err: errStorage}, nil
@@ -597,6 +600,9 @@ func TestSelectHintsSetCorrectly(t *testing.T) {
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.query, func(t *testing.T) {
 			engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+			t.Cleanup(func() {
+				require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+			})
 			hintsRecorder := &noopHintRecordingQueryable{}
 
 			var (
@@ -628,6 +634,9 @@ func TestEngineShutdown(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 
 	block := make(chan struct{})
@@ -763,7 +772,7 @@ load 10s
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d query=%s", i, c.Query), func(t *testing.T) {
 			var err error
 			var qry promql.Query
-			engine := newTestEngine()
+			engine := newTestEngine(t)
 			if c.Interval == 0 {
 				qry, err = engine.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), storage, nil, c.Query, c.Start)
 			} else {
@@ -1305,7 +1314,7 @@ load 10s
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		t.Run(c.Query, func(t *testing.T) {
 			opts := promql.NewPrometheusQueryOpts(true, 0)
-			engine := promqltest.NewTestEngine(true, 0, promqltest.DefaultMaxSamplesPerQuery)
+			engine := promqltest.NewTestEngine(t, true, 0, promqltest.DefaultMaxSamplesPerQuery)
 
 			runQuery := func(expErr error) *stats.Statistics {
 				var err error
@@ -1332,7 +1341,7 @@ load 10s
 			if c.SkipMaxCheck {
 				return
 			}
-			engine = promqltest.NewTestEngine(true, 0, stats.Samples.PeakSamples-1)
+			engine = promqltest.NewTestEngine(t, true, 0, stats.Samples.PeakSamples-1)
 			runQuery(promql.ErrTooManySamples(env))
 		})
 	}
@@ -1485,7 +1494,7 @@ load 10s
 
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		t.Run(c.Query, func(t *testing.T) {
-			engine := newTestEngine()
+			engine := newTestEngine(t)
 			testFunc := func(expError error) {
 				var err error
 				var qry promql.Query
@@ -1506,18 +1515,18 @@ load 10s
 			}
 
 			// Within limit.
-			engine = promqltest.NewTestEngine(false, 0, c.MaxSamples)
+			engine = promqltest.NewTestEngine(t, false, 0, c.MaxSamples)
 			testFunc(nil)
 
 			// Exceeding limit.
-			engine = promqltest.NewTestEngine(false, 0, c.MaxSamples-1)
+			engine = promqltest.NewTestEngine(t, false, 0, c.MaxSamples-1)
 			testFunc(promql.ErrTooManySamples(env))
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestAtModifier(t *testing.T) {
-	engine := newTestEngine()
+	engine := newTestEngine(t)
 	storage := promqltest.LoadedStorage(t, `
 load 10s
   metric{job="1"} 0+1x1000
@@ -1995,7 +2004,7 @@ func TestSubquerySelector(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run("", func(t *testing.T) {
-			engine := newTestEngine()
+			engine := newTestEngine(t)
 			storage := promqltest.LoadedStorage(t, tst.loadString)
 			t.Cleanup(func() { storage.Close() })
 
@@ -2016,7 +2025,7 @@ func TestSubquerySelector(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestTimestampFunction_StepsMoreOftenThanSamples(t *testing.T) {
-	engine := newTestEngine()
+	engine := newTestEngine(t)
 	storage := promqltest.LoadedStorage(t, `
 load 1m
   metric 0+1x1000
@@ -2086,6 +2095,9 @@ func TestQueryLogger_basic(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 
 	queryExec := func() {
 		ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
@@ -2137,6 +2149,9 @@ func TestQueryLogger_fields(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 
 	f1 := NewFakeQueryLogger()
 	engine.SetQueryLogger(f1)
@@ -2166,6 +2181,9 @@ func TestQueryLogger_error(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 
 	f1 := NewFakeQueryLogger()
 	engine.SetQueryLogger(f1)
@@ -3049,6 +3067,9 @@ func TestEngineOptsValidation(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		eng := promql.NewEngine(c.opts)
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			require.NoError(t, eng.Close())
+		})
 		_, err1 := eng.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), nil, nil, c.query, time.Unix(10, 0))
 		_, err2 := eng.NewRangeQuery(context.Background(), nil, nil, c.query, time.Unix(0, 0), time.Unix(10, 0), time.Second)
 		if c.fail {
@@ -3208,7 +3229,7 @@ func TestRangeQuery(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		t.Run(c.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			engine := newTestEngine()
+			engine := newTestEngine(t)
 			storage := promqltest.LoadedStorage(t, c.Load)
 			t.Cleanup(func() { storage.Close() })
 
@@ -3342,7 +3363,7 @@ func TestNativeHistogram_Sum_Count_Add_AvgOperator(t *testing.T) {
 				seriesName := "sparse_histogram_series"
 				seriesNameOverTime := "sparse_histogram_series_over_time"
 
-				engine := newTestEngine()
+				engine := newTestEngine(t)
 
 				ts := idx0 * int64(10*time.Minute/time.Millisecond)
 				app := storage.Appender(context.Background())
@@ -3612,7 +3633,7 @@ func TestNativeHistogram_SubOperator(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		for _, floatHisto := range []bool{true, false} {
 			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("floatHistogram=%t %d", floatHisto, idx0), func(t *testing.T) {
-				engine := newTestEngine()
+				engine := newTestEngine(t)
 				storage := teststorage.New(t)
 				t.Cleanup(func() { storage.Close() })
 
@@ -3773,7 +3794,7 @@ func TestNativeHistogram_MulDivOperator(t *testing.T) {
 				seriesName := "sparse_histogram_series"
 				floatSeriesName := "float_series"
 
-				engine := newTestEngine()
+				engine := newTestEngine(t)
 
 				ts := idx0 * int64(10*time.Minute/time.Millisecond)
 				app := storage.Appender(context.Background())
@@ -3896,7 +3917,7 @@ metric 0 1 2
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		c := c
 		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			engine := promqltest.NewTestEngine(false, c.engineLookback, promqltest.DefaultMaxSamplesPerQuery)
+			engine := promqltest.NewTestEngine(t, false, c.engineLookback, promqltest.DefaultMaxSamplesPerQuery)
 			storage := promqltest.LoadedStorage(t, load)
 			t.Cleanup(func() { storage.Close() })
 
diff --git a/promql/functions_test.go b/promql/functions_test.go
index aef59c837..ce62d316b 100644
--- a/promql/functions_test.go
+++ b/promql/functions_test.go
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ func TestDeriv(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 
 	a := storage.Appender(context.Background())
 
diff --git a/promql/promql_test.go b/promql/promql_test.go
index 7bafc02e3..0106a1e10 100644
--- a/promql/promql_test.go
+++ b/promql/promql_test.go
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/teststorage"
 )
 
-func newTestEngine() *promql.Engine {
-	return promqltest.NewTestEngine(false, 0, promqltest.DefaultMaxSamplesPerQuery)
+func newTestEngine(t *testing.T) *promql.Engine {
+	return promqltest.NewTestEngine(t, false, 0, promqltest.DefaultMaxSamplesPerQuery)
 }
 
 func TestEvaluations(t *testing.T) {
-	promqltest.RunBuiltinTests(t, newTestEngine())
+	promqltest.RunBuiltinTests(t, newTestEngine(t))
 }
 
 // Run a lot of queries at the same time, to check for race conditions.
@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ func TestConcurrentRangeQueries(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    100 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 
 	const interval = 10000 // 10s interval.
 	// A day of data plus 10k steps.
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/test.go b/promql/promqltest/test.go
index 1affd91f6..29908acd9 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/test.go
+++ b/promql/promqltest/test.go
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ func LoadedStorage(t testutil.T, input string) *teststorage.TestStorage {
 	return test.storage
 }
 
-func NewTestEngine(enablePerStepStats bool, lookbackDelta time.Duration, maxSamples int) *promql.Engine {
-	return promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
+func NewTestEngine(t *testing.T, enablePerStepStats bool, lookbackDelta time.Duration, maxSamples int) *promql.Engine {
+	ng := promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
 		Logger:                   nil,
 		Reg:                      nil,
 		MaxSamples:               maxSamples,
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@ func NewTestEngine(enablePerStepStats bool, lookbackDelta time.Duration, maxSamp
 		EnablePerStepStats:       enablePerStepStats,
 		LookbackDelta:            lookbackDelta,
 	})
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, ng.Close())
+	})
+	return ng
 }
 
 // RunBuiltinTests runs an acceptance test suite against the provided engine.
@@ -1073,7 +1077,11 @@ func (ll *LazyLoader) Storage() storage.Storage {
 // Close closes resources associated with the LazyLoader.
 func (ll *LazyLoader) Close() error {
 	ll.cancelCtx()
-	return ll.storage.Close()
+	err := ll.queryEngine.Close()
+	if sErr := ll.storage.Close(); sErr != nil {
+		return errors.Join(sErr, err)
+	}
+	return err
 }
 
 func makeInt64Pointer(val int64) *int64 {
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/test_test.go b/promql/promqltest/test_test.go
index f6fe38707..4fd3c4000 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/test_test.go
+++ b/promql/promqltest/test_test.go
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ eval range from 0 to 5m step 5m testmetric
 
 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := runTest(t, testCase.input, NewTestEngine(false, 0, DefaultMaxSamplesPerQuery))
+			err := runTest(t, testCase.input, NewTestEngine(t, false, 0, DefaultMaxSamplesPerQuery))
 
 			if testCase.expectedError == "" {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/rules/alerting_test.go b/rules/alerting_test.go
index a9315b47e..ee19d2f25 100644
--- a/rules/alerting_test.go
+++ b/rules/alerting_test.go
@@ -36,16 +36,23 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/testutil"
 )
 
-var testEngine = promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
-	Logger:                   nil,
-	Reg:                      nil,
-	MaxSamples:               10000,
-	Timeout:                  100 * time.Second,
-	NoStepSubqueryIntervalFn: func(int64) int64 { return 60 * 1000 },
-	EnableAtModifier:         true,
-	EnableNegativeOffset:     true,
-	EnablePerStepStats:       true,
-})
+func testEngine(tb testing.TB) *promql.Engine {
+	tb.Helper()
+	e := promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
+		Logger:                   nil,
+		Reg:                      nil,
+		MaxSamples:               10000,
+		Timeout:                  100 * time.Second,
+		NoStepSubqueryIntervalFn: func(int64) int64 { return 60 * 1000 },
+		EnableAtModifier:         true,
+		EnableNegativeOffset:     true,
+		EnablePerStepStats:       true,
+	})
+	tb.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(tb, e.Close())
+	})
+	return e
+}
 
 func TestAlertingRuleState(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -225,12 +232,14 @@ func TestAlertingRuleLabelsUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
+
 	baseTime := time.Unix(0, 0)
 	for i, result := range results {
 		t.Logf("case %d", i)
 		evalTime := baseTime.Add(time.Duration(i) * time.Minute)
 		result[0].T = timestamp.FromTime(evalTime)
-		res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0)
+		res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		var filteredRes promql.Vector // After removing 'ALERTS_FOR_STATE' samples.
@@ -247,7 +256,7 @@ func TestAlertingRuleLabelsUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		testutil.RequireEqual(t, result, filteredRes)
 	}
 	evalTime := baseTime.Add(time.Duration(len(results)) * time.Minute)
-	res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0)
+	res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Empty(t, res)
 }
@@ -309,13 +318,15 @@ func TestAlertingRuleExternalLabelsInTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
+
 	evalTime := time.Unix(0, 0)
 	result[0].T = timestamp.FromTime(evalTime)
 	result[1].T = timestamp.FromTime(evalTime)
 
 	var filteredRes promql.Vector // After removing 'ALERTS_FOR_STATE' samples.
 	res, err := ruleWithoutExternalLabels.Eval(
-		context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0,
+		context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0,
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	for _, smpl := range res {
@@ -329,7 +340,7 @@ func TestAlertingRuleExternalLabelsInTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	res, err = ruleWithExternalLabels.Eval(
-		context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0,
+		context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0,
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	for _, smpl := range res {
@@ -406,9 +417,11 @@ func TestAlertingRuleExternalURLInTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 	result[0].T = timestamp.FromTime(evalTime)
 	result[1].T = timestamp.FromTime(evalTime)
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
+
 	var filteredRes promql.Vector // After removing 'ALERTS_FOR_STATE' samples.
 	res, err := ruleWithoutExternalURL.Eval(
-		context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0,
+		context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0,
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	for _, smpl := range res {
@@ -422,7 +435,7 @@ func TestAlertingRuleExternalURLInTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	res, err = ruleWithExternalURL.Eval(
-		context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0,
+		context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0,
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	for _, smpl := range res {
@@ -475,9 +488,11 @@ func TestAlertingRuleEmptyLabelFromTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 	evalTime := time.Unix(0, 0)
 	result[0].T = timestamp.FromTime(evalTime)
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
+
 	var filteredRes promql.Vector // After removing 'ALERTS_FOR_STATE' samples.
 	res, err := rule.Eval(
-		context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0,
+		context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0,
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	for _, smpl := range res {
@@ -520,6 +535,8 @@ instance: {{ $v.Labels.instance }}, value: {{ printf "%.0f" $v.Value }};
 	)
 	evalTime := time.Unix(0, 0)
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
+
 	startQueryCh := make(chan struct{})
 	getDoneCh := make(chan struct{})
 	slowQueryFunc := func(ctx context.Context, q string, ts time.Time) (promql.Vector, error) {
@@ -533,7 +550,7 @@ instance: {{ $v.Labels.instance }}, value: {{ printf "%.0f" $v.Value }};
 				require.Fail(t, "unexpected blocking when template expanding.")
 			}
 		}
-		return EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage)(ctx, q, ts)
+		return EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage)(ctx, q, ts)
 	}
 	go func() {
 		<-startQueryCh
@@ -579,6 +596,9 @@ func TestAlertingRuleDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancelCtx()
 
@@ -642,9 +662,9 @@ func TestAlertingRuleLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 
 	evalTime := time.Unix(0, 0)
-
+	ng := testEngine(t)
 	for _, test := range tests {
-		switch _, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, test.limit); {
+		switch _, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, test.limit); {
 		case err != nil:
 			require.EqualError(t, err, test.err)
 		case test.err != "":
@@ -866,12 +886,13 @@ func TestKeepFiringFor(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
 	baseTime := time.Unix(0, 0)
 	for i, result := range results {
 		t.Logf("case %d", i)
 		evalTime := baseTime.Add(time.Duration(i) * time.Minute)
 		result[0].T = timestamp.FromTime(evalTime)
-		res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0)
+		res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		var filteredRes promql.Vector // After removing 'ALERTS_FOR_STATE' samples.
@@ -888,7 +909,7 @@ func TestKeepFiringFor(t *testing.T) {
 		testutil.RequireEqual(t, result, filteredRes)
 	}
 	evalTime := baseTime.Add(time.Duration(len(results)) * time.Minute)
-	res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0)
+	res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Empty(t, res)
 }
@@ -923,9 +944,10 @@ func TestPendingAndKeepFiringFor(t *testing.T) {
 		F: 1,
 	}
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
 	baseTime := time.Unix(0, 0)
 	result.T = timestamp.FromTime(baseTime)
-	res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), baseTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0)
+	res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), baseTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	require.Len(t, res, 2)
@@ -940,7 +962,7 @@ func TestPendingAndKeepFiringFor(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	evalTime := baseTime.Add(time.Minute)
-	res, err = rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0)
+	res, err = rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Empty(t, res)
 }
diff --git a/rules/manager_test.go b/rules/manager_test.go
index 2f7343ebb..5ec142c37 100644
--- a/rules/manager_test.go
+++ b/rules/manager_test.go
@@ -157,12 +157,13 @@ func TestAlertingRule(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
 	for i, test := range tests {
 		t.Logf("case %d", i)
 
 		evalTime := baseTime.Add(test.time)
 
-		res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0)
+		res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		var filteredRes promql.Vector // After removing 'ALERTS_FOR_STATE' samples.
@@ -296,6 +297,7 @@ func TestForStateAddSamples(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
 	var forState float64
 	for i, test := range tests {
 		t.Logf("case %d", i)
@@ -308,7 +310,7 @@ func TestForStateAddSamples(t *testing.T) {
 			forState = float64(value.StaleNaN)
 		}
 
-		res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0)
+		res, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		var filteredRes promql.Vector // After removing 'ALERTS' samples.
@@ -359,8 +361,9 @@ func TestForStateRestore(t *testing.T) {
 	expr, err := parser.ParseExpr(`http_requests{group="canary", job="app-server"} < 100`)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
 	opts := &ManagerOptions{
-		QueryFunc:       EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage),
+		QueryFunc:       EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage),
 		Appendable:      storage,
 		Queryable:       storage,
 		Context:         context.Background(),
@@ -528,6 +531,9 @@ func TestStaleness(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(engineOpts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	opts := &ManagerOptions{
 		QueryFunc:  EngineQueryFunc(engine, st),
 		Appendable: st,
@@ -720,6 +726,9 @@ func TestUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	ruleManager := NewManager(&ManagerOptions{
 		Appendable: st,
 		Queryable:  st,
@@ -858,6 +867,9 @@ func TestNotify(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(engineOpts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	var lastNotified []*Alert
 	notifyFunc := func(ctx context.Context, expr string, alerts ...*Alert) {
 		lastNotified = alerts
@@ -933,6 +945,9 @@ func TestMetricsUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	ruleManager := NewManager(&ManagerOptions{
 		Appendable: storage,
 		Queryable:  storage,
@@ -1007,6 +1022,9 @@ func TestGroupStalenessOnRemoval(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	ruleManager := NewManager(&ManagerOptions{
 		Appendable: storage,
 		Queryable:  storage,
@@ -1084,6 +1102,9 @@ func TestMetricsStalenessOnManagerShutdown(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	ruleManager := NewManager(&ManagerOptions{
 		Appendable: storage,
 		Queryable:  storage,
@@ -1186,6 +1207,9 @@ func TestRuleHealthUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(engineOpts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	opts := &ManagerOptions{
 		QueryFunc:  EngineQueryFunc(engine, st),
 		Appendable: st,
@@ -1282,9 +1306,10 @@ func TestRuleGroupEvalIterationFunc(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
 	testFunc := func(tst testInput) {
 		opts := &ManagerOptions{
-			QueryFunc:       EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage),
+			QueryFunc:       EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage),
 			Appendable:      storage,
 			Queryable:       storage,
 			Context:         context.Background(),
@@ -1368,8 +1393,9 @@ func TestNativeHistogramsInRecordingRules(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
 	opts := &ManagerOptions{
-		QueryFunc:  EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage),
+		QueryFunc:  EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage),
 		Appendable: storage,
 		Queryable:  storage,
 		Context:    context.Background(),
diff --git a/rules/recording_test.go b/rules/recording_test.go
index 49f37b1ac..4c2288e6f 100644
--- a/rules/recording_test.go
+++ b/rules/recording_test.go
@@ -123,10 +123,11 @@ func TestRuleEval(t *testing.T) {
 	storage := setUpRuleEvalTest(t)
 	t.Cleanup(func() { storage.Close() })
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
 	for _, scenario := range ruleEvalTestScenarios {
 		t.Run(scenario.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			rule := NewRecordingRule("test_rule", scenario.expr, scenario.ruleLabels)
-			result, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), ruleEvaluationTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0)
+			result, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), ruleEvaluationTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			testutil.RequireEqual(t, scenario.expected, result)
 		})
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@ func BenchmarkRuleEval(b *testing.B) {
 	storage := setUpRuleEvalTest(b)
 	b.Cleanup(func() { storage.Close() })
 
+	ng := testEngine(b)
 	for _, scenario := range ruleEvalTestScenarios {
 		b.Run(scenario.name, func(b *testing.B) {
 			rule := NewRecordingRule("test_rule", scenario.expr, scenario.ruleLabels)
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ func BenchmarkRuleEval(b *testing.B) {
 			b.ResetTimer()
 
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				_, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), ruleEvaluationTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, 0)
+				_, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), ruleEvaluationTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, 0)
 				if err != nil {
 					require.NoError(b, err)
 				}
@@ -166,6 +168,9 @@ func TestRuleEvalDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancelCtx()
 
@@ -212,10 +217,11 @@ func TestRecordingRuleLimit(t *testing.T) {
 		labels.FromStrings("test", "test"),
 	)
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
 	evalTime := time.Unix(0, 0)
 
 	for _, test := range tests {
-		switch _, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(testEngine, storage), nil, test.limit); {
+		switch _, err := rule.Eval(context.TODO(), evalTime, EngineQueryFunc(ng, storage), nil, test.limit); {
 		case err != nil:
 			require.EqualError(t, err, test.err)
 		case test.err != "":
diff --git a/web/api/v1/api_test.go b/web/api/v1/api_test.go
index b30890893..3fe5a092f 100644
--- a/web/api/v1/api_test.go
+++ b/web/api/v1/api_test.go
@@ -59,16 +59,25 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/teststorage"
 )
 
-var testEngine = promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
-	Logger:                   nil,
-	Reg:                      nil,
-	MaxSamples:               10000,
-	Timeout:                  100 * time.Second,
-	NoStepSubqueryIntervalFn: func(int64) int64 { return 60 * 1000 },
-	EnableAtModifier:         true,
-	EnableNegativeOffset:     true,
-	EnablePerStepStats:       true,
-})
+func testEngine(t *testing.T) *promql.Engine {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ng := promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
+		Logger:                   nil,
+		Reg:                      nil,
+		MaxSamples:               10000,
+		Timeout:                  100 * time.Second,
+		NoStepSubqueryIntervalFn: func(int64) int64 { return 60 * 1000 },
+		EnableAtModifier:         true,
+		EnableNegativeOffset:     true,
+		EnablePerStepStats:       true,
+	})
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, ng.Close())
+	})
+
+	return ng
+}
 
 // testMetaStore satisfies the scrape.MetricMetadataStore interface.
 // It is used to inject specific metadata as part of a test case.
@@ -283,6 +292,9 @@ func (m *rulesRetrieverMock) CreateRuleGroups() {
 	}
 
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(engineOpts)
+	m.testing.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(m.testing, engine.Close())
+	})
 	opts := &rules.ManagerOptions{
 		QueryFunc:  rules.EngineQueryFunc(engine, storage),
 		Appendable: storage,
@@ -403,9 +415,10 @@ func TestEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
 
 	now := time.Now()
 
+	ng := testEngine(t)
+
 	t.Run("local", func(t *testing.T) {
-		algr := rulesRetrieverMock{}
-		algr.testing = t
+		algr := rulesRetrieverMock{testing: t}
 
 		algr.CreateAlertingRules()
 		algr.CreateRuleGroups()
@@ -417,7 +430,7 @@ func TestEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
 
 		api := &API{
 			Queryable:             storage,
-			QueryEngine:           testEngine,
+			QueryEngine:           ng,
 			ExemplarQueryable:     storage.ExemplarQueryable(),
 			targetRetriever:       testTargetRetriever.toFactory(),
 			alertmanagerRetriever: testAlertmanagerRetriever{}.toFactory(),
@@ -468,8 +481,7 @@ func TestEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		algr := rulesRetrieverMock{}
-		algr.testing = t
+		algr := rulesRetrieverMock{testing: t}
 
 		algr.CreateAlertingRules()
 		algr.CreateRuleGroups()
@@ -481,7 +493,7 @@ func TestEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
 
 		api := &API{
 			Queryable:             remote,
-			QueryEngine:           testEngine,
+			QueryEngine:           ng,
 			ExemplarQueryable:     storage.ExemplarQueryable(),
 			targetRetriever:       testTargetRetriever.toFactory(),
 			alertmanagerRetriever: testAlertmanagerRetriever{}.toFactory(),
@@ -623,7 +635,7 @@ func TestQueryExemplars(t *testing.T) {
 
 	api := &API{
 		Queryable:         storage,
-		QueryEngine:       testEngine,
+		QueryEngine:       testEngine(t),
 		ExemplarQueryable: storage.ExemplarQueryable(),
 	}
 
@@ -831,7 +843,7 @@ func TestStats(t *testing.T) {
 
 	api := &API{
 		Queryable:   storage,
-		QueryEngine: testEngine,
+		QueryEngine: testEngine(t),
 		now: func() time.Time {
 			return time.Unix(123, 0)
 		},
diff --git a/web/api/v1/errors_test.go b/web/api/v1/errors_test.go
index e76a1a3d3..5ddd47e1b 100644
--- a/web/api/v1/errors_test.go
+++ b/web/api/v1/errors_test.go
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func TestApiStatusCodes(t *testing.T) {
 			"error from seriesset": errorTestQueryable{q: errorTestQuerier{s: errorTestSeriesSet{err: tc.err}}},
 		} {
 			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", name, k), func(t *testing.T) {
-				r := createPrometheusAPI(q)
+				r := createPrometheusAPI(t, q)
 				rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
 				req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/v1/query?query=up", nil)
@@ -100,7 +100,9 @@ func TestApiStatusCodes(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func createPrometheusAPI(q storage.SampleAndChunkQueryable) *route.Router {
+func createPrometheusAPI(t *testing.T, q storage.SampleAndChunkQueryable) *route.Router {
+	t.Helper()
+
 	engine := promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
 		Logger:             log.NewNopLogger(),
 		Reg:                nil,
@@ -108,6 +110,9 @@ func createPrometheusAPI(q storage.SampleAndChunkQueryable) *route.Router {
 		MaxSamples:         100,
 		Timeout:            5 * time.Second,
 	})
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
+	})
 
 	api := NewAPI(
 		engine,

From 694f717dc44849592b439fce6ffa5fbcdf7957a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 28 May 2024 15:23:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 004/180] Watcher.readSegment: Only consider unknown rec types
 failures

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/wlog/watcher.go | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
index fd4f5f20f..5a73acdd4 100644
--- a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
+++ b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
@@ -625,6 +625,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) readSegment(r *LiveReader, segmentNum int, tail bool) error {
 				w.writer.AppendHistograms(histogramsToSend)
 				histogramsToSend = histogramsToSend[:0]
 			}
+
 		case record.FloatHistogramSamples:
 			// Skip if experimental "histograms over remote write" is not enabled.
 			if !w.sendHistograms {
@@ -652,11 +653,13 @@ func (w *Watcher) readSegment(r *LiveReader, segmentNum int, tail bool) error {
 				w.writer.AppendFloatHistograms(floatHistogramsToSend)
 				floatHistogramsToSend = floatHistogramsToSend[:0]
 			}
-		case record.Tombstones:
 
-		default:
+		case record.Unknown:
 			// Could be corruption, or reading from a WAL from a newer Prometheus.
 			w.recordDecodeFailsMetric.Inc()
+
+		default:
+			// We're not interested in other types of records.
 		}
 	}
 	if err := r.Err(); err != nil {

From 493e196f101630006d6295313834af5b4d998974 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2024 15:12:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 005/180] Fix bad merge

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 promql/engine_test.go | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine_test.go b/promql/engine_test.go
index 45716539c..70dad315a 100644
--- a/promql/engine_test.go
+++ b/promql/engine_test.go
@@ -3041,7 +3041,6 @@ func TestEngineOptsValidation(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-			engine := newTestEngine()
 func TestInstantQueryWithRangeVectorSelector(t *testing.T) {
 	engine := newTestEngine(t)
 

From 9a837b7f3c1b6d5ef75cb36808bea9189eced911 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 15:51:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 006/180] promql: Make groupedAggregation.groupCount a float64

It's always used as such. Let's avoid the countless conversions.

Signed-off-by: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine.go | 16 ++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index bf19aac8b..7c84a0a27 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2779,7 +2779,7 @@ type groupedAggregation struct {
 	floatValue        float64
 	histogramValue    *histogram.FloatHistogram
 	floatMean         float64 // Mean, or "compensating value" for Kahan summation.
-	groupCount        int
+	groupCount        float64
 	groupAggrComplete bool // Used by LIMITK to short-cut series loop when we've reached K elem on every group
 	heap              vectorByValueHeap
 }
@@ -2855,8 +2855,8 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 			if h != nil {
 				group.hasHistogram = true
 				if group.histogramValue != nil {
-					left := h.Copy().Div(float64(group.groupCount))
-					right := group.histogramValue.Copy().Div(float64(group.groupCount))
+					left := h.Copy().Div(group.groupCount)
+					right := group.histogramValue.Copy().Div(group.groupCount)
 					toAdd, err := left.Sub(right)
 					if err != nil {
 						handleAggregationError(err, e, inputMatrix[si].Metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel), &annos)
@@ -2889,7 +2889,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 					}
 				}
 				// Divide each side of the `-` by `group.groupCount` to avoid float64 overflows.
-				group.floatMean += f/float64(group.groupCount) - group.floatMean/float64(group.groupCount)
+				group.floatMean += f/group.groupCount - group.floatMean/group.groupCount
 			}
 
 		case parser.GROUP:
@@ -2912,7 +2912,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 			if h == nil { // Ignore native histograms.
 				group.groupCount++
 				delta := f - group.floatMean
-				group.floatMean += delta / float64(group.groupCount)
+				group.floatMean += delta / group.groupCount
 				group.floatValue += delta * (f - group.floatMean)
 			}
 
@@ -2945,13 +2945,13 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 			}
 
 		case parser.COUNT:
-			aggr.floatValue = float64(aggr.groupCount)
+			aggr.floatValue = aggr.groupCount
 
 		case parser.STDVAR:
-			aggr.floatValue /= float64(aggr.groupCount)
+			aggr.floatValue /= aggr.groupCount
 
 		case parser.STDDEV:
-			aggr.floatValue = math.Sqrt(aggr.floatValue / float64(aggr.groupCount))
+			aggr.floatValue = math.Sqrt(aggr.floatValue / aggr.groupCount)
 
 		case parser.QUANTILE:
 			aggr.floatValue = quantile(q, aggr.heap)

From 44d8c1d1828e063a8d695681826f1f6e13f0f88c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 15:52:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 007/180] nit: add period at end of sentence

Signed-off-by: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 7c84a0a27..06a26e377 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2780,7 +2780,7 @@ type groupedAggregation struct {
 	histogramValue    *histogram.FloatHistogram
 	floatMean         float64 // Mean, or "compensating value" for Kahan summation.
 	groupCount        float64
-	groupAggrComplete bool // Used by LIMITK to short-cut series loop when we've reached K elem on every group
+	groupAggrComplete bool // Used by LIMITK to short-cut series loop when we've reached K elem on every group.
 	heap              vectorByValueHeap
 }
 

From b5b04ddbe3733a296a531f2a54462ab5529062a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 18:58:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 008/180] promql: add avg aggregation benchmark

Signed-off-by: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/bench_test.go | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/bench_test.go b/promql/bench_test.go
index bd6728029..33523b2db 100644
--- a/promql/bench_test.go
+++ b/promql/bench_test.go
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ func rangeQueryCases() []benchCase {
 		{
 			expr: "sum(a_X)",
 		},
+		{
+			expr: "avg(a_X)",
+		},
 		{
 			expr: "sum without (l)(h_X)",
 		},

From c46074f4dda17dda1e93d79ed8e6e015bb222bdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 15:13:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 009/180] promql: make avg aggregation more precise and less
 expensive
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The basic idea here is that the previous code was always doing
incremental calculation of the mean value, which is more costly and
can be less precise. It protects against overflows, but in most cases,
an overflow doesn't happen anyway.

The other idea applied here is to expand on #14074, where Kahan
summation was applied to sum().

With this commit, the average is calculated in a conventional way
(adding everything up and divide in the end) as long as the sum isn't
overflowing float64. This is combined with Kahan summation so that the
avg aggregation, in most cases, is really equivalent to the sum
aggregation with a following division (which is the user's expectation
as avg is supposed to be syntactic sugar for sum with a following
divison).

If the sum hits ±Inf, the calculation reverts to incremental
calculation of the mean value. Kahan summation is also applied here,
although it cannot fully compensate for the numerical errors
introduced by the incremental mean calculation. (The tests added in
this commit would fail if incremental mean calculation was always
used.)

Signed-off-by: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine.go                            | 59 +++++++++++++++------
 promql/promqltest/testdata/aggregators.test | 20 ++++++-
 2 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 06a26e377..8a0aa23f6 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2773,15 +2773,19 @@ func vectorElemBinop(op parser.ItemType, lhs, rhs float64, hlhs, hrhs *histogram
 }
 
 type groupedAggregation struct {
+	floatValue     float64
+	histogramValue *histogram.FloatHistogram
+	floatMean      float64
+	floatKahanC    float64 // "Compensating value" for Kahan summation.
+	groupCount     float64
+	heap           vectorByValueHeap
+
+	// All bools together for better packing within the struct.
 	seen              bool // Was this output groups seen in the input at this timestamp.
 	hasFloat          bool // Has at least 1 float64 sample aggregated.
 	hasHistogram      bool // Has at least 1 histogram sample aggregated.
-	floatValue        float64
-	histogramValue    *histogram.FloatHistogram
-	floatMean         float64 // Mean, or "compensating value" for Kahan summation.
-	groupCount        float64
 	groupAggrComplete bool // Used by LIMITK to short-cut series loop when we've reached K elem on every group.
-	heap              vectorByValueHeap
+	incrementalMean   bool // True after reverting to incremental calculation of the mean value.
 }
 
 // aggregation evaluates sum, avg, count, stdvar, stddev or quantile at one timestep on inputMatrix.
@@ -2807,13 +2811,11 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 			*group = groupedAggregation{
 				seen:       true,
 				floatValue: f,
+				floatMean:  f,
 				groupCount: 1,
 			}
 			switch op {
-			case parser.AVG:
-				group.floatMean = f
-				fallthrough
-			case parser.SUM:
+			case parser.AVG, parser.SUM:
 				if h == nil {
 					group.hasFloat = true
 				} else {
@@ -2821,7 +2823,6 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 					group.hasHistogram = true
 				}
 			case parser.STDVAR, parser.STDDEV:
-				group.floatMean = f
 				group.floatValue = 0
 			case parser.QUANTILE:
 				group.heap = make(vectorByValueHeap, 1)
@@ -2847,7 +2848,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 				// point in copying the histogram in that case.
 			} else {
 				group.hasFloat = true
-				group.floatValue, group.floatMean = kahanSumInc(f, group.floatValue, group.floatMean)
+				group.floatValue, group.floatKahanC = kahanSumInc(f, group.floatValue, group.floatKahanC)
 			}
 
 		case parser.AVG:
@@ -2871,6 +2872,22 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 				// point in copying the histogram in that case.
 			} else {
 				group.hasFloat = true
+				if !group.incrementalMean {
+					newV, newC := kahanSumInc(f, group.floatValue, group.floatKahanC)
+					if !math.IsInf(newV, 0) {
+						// The sum doesn't overflow, so we propagate it to the
+						// group struct and continue with the regular
+						// calculation of the mean value.
+						group.floatValue, group.floatKahanC = newV, newC
+						break
+					}
+					// If we are here, we know that the sum _would_ overflow. So
+					// instead of continue to sum up, we revert to incremental
+					// calculation of the mean value from here on.
+					group.incrementalMean = true
+					group.floatMean = group.floatValue / (group.groupCount - 1)
+					group.floatKahanC /= group.groupCount - 1
+				}
 				if math.IsInf(group.floatMean, 0) {
 					if math.IsInf(f, 0) && (group.floatMean > 0) == (f > 0) {
 						// The `floatMean` and `s.F` values are `Inf` of the same sign.  They
@@ -2888,8 +2905,13 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 						break
 					}
 				}
-				// Divide each side of the `-` by `group.groupCount` to avoid float64 overflows.
-				group.floatMean += f/group.groupCount - group.floatMean/group.groupCount
+				currentMean := group.floatMean + group.floatKahanC
+				group.floatMean, group.floatKahanC = kahanSumInc(
+					// Divide each side of the `-` by `group.groupCount` to avoid float64 overflows.
+					f/group.groupCount-currentMean/group.groupCount,
+					group.floatMean,
+					group.floatKahanC,
+				)
 			}
 
 		case parser.GROUP:
@@ -2938,10 +2960,13 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 				annos.Add(annotations.NewMixedFloatsHistogramsAggWarning(e.Expr.PositionRange()))
 				continue
 			}
-			if aggr.hasHistogram {
+			switch {
+			case aggr.hasHistogram:
 				aggr.histogramValue = aggr.histogramValue.Compact(0)
-			} else {
-				aggr.floatValue = aggr.floatMean
+			case aggr.incrementalMean:
+				aggr.floatValue = aggr.floatMean + aggr.floatKahanC
+			default:
+				aggr.floatValue = (aggr.floatValue + aggr.floatKahanC) / aggr.groupCount
 			}
 
 		case parser.COUNT:
@@ -2965,7 +2990,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 			if aggr.hasHistogram {
 				aggr.histogramValue.Compact(0)
 			} else {
-				aggr.floatValue += aggr.floatMean // Add Kahan summation compensating term.
+				aggr.floatValue += aggr.floatKahanC
 			}
 		default:
 			// For other aggregations, we already have the right value.
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/aggregators.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/aggregators.test
index cbb255a12..68d2e735b 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/aggregators.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/aggregators.test
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ eval instant at 1m avg(data{test="-big"})
 eval instant at 1m avg(data{test="bigzero"})
 	{} 0
 
-# Test summing extreme values.
+# Test summing and averaging extreme values.
 clear
 
 load 10s
@@ -529,21 +529,39 @@ load 10s
 eval instant at 1m sum(data{test="ten"})
 	{} 10
 
+eval instant at 1m avg(data{test="ten"})
+	{} 2.5
+
 eval instant at 1m sum by (group) (data{test="pos_inf"})
 	{group="1"} Inf
 	{group="2"} Inf
 
+eval instant at 1m avg by (group) (data{test="pos_inf"})
+	{group="1"} Inf
+	{group="2"} Inf
+
 eval instant at 1m sum by (group) (data{test="neg_inf"})
 	{group="1"} -Inf
 	{group="2"} -Inf
 
+eval instant at 1m avg by (group) (data{test="neg_inf"})
+	{group="1"} -Inf
+	{group="2"} -Inf
+
 eval instant at 1m sum(data{test="inf_inf"})
 	{} NaN
 
+eval instant at 1m avg(data{test="inf_inf"})
+	{} NaN
+
 eval instant at 1m sum by (group) (data{test="nan"})
 	{group="1"} NaN
 	{group="2"} NaN
 
+eval instant at 1m avg by (group) (data{test="nan"})
+	{group="1"} NaN
+	{group="2"} NaN
+
 clear
 
 # Test that aggregations are deterministic.

From 3a908d8e088763e6df7f7a5f74345ada30c9b0bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 18:36:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 010/180] promql: Improve Kahan usage in avg_over_time

The calculation of the mean value in avg_over_time is performed in an
incremental fashion. This introduces additional numerical errors that
even Kahan summation cannot compensate, but at least we can use the
Kahan-corrected mean value when we use the intermediate mean value in
the calculation.

Signed-off-by: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/functions.go | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index dcc2cd759..575f8302d 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -593,7 +593,8 @@ func funcAvgOverTime(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNode
 					continue
 				}
 			}
-			mean, c = kahanSumInc(f.F/count-mean/count, mean, c)
+			correctedMean := mean + c
+			mean, c = kahanSumInc(f.F/count-correctedMean/count, mean, c)
 		}
 
 		if math.IsInf(mean, 0) {

From cff0429b1ada726887f1fa717f44b63f72d45877 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 18:47:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 011/180] promql: make avg_over_time faster and more precise

Same idea as for the avg aggregator before: Most of the time, there is
no overflow, so we don't have to revert to the more expensive and less
precise incremental calculation of the mean value.

Signed-off-by: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/functions.go                       | 32 ++++++++++++++++++-----
 promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test |  4 ++-
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index 575f8302d..ca987545d 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -573,9 +573,28 @@ func funcAvgOverTime(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNode
 		return vec, nil
 	}
 	return aggrOverTime(vals, enh, func(s Series) float64 {
-		var mean, count, c float64
+		var (
+			sum, mean, count, kahanC float64
+			incrementalMean          bool
+		)
 		for _, f := range s.Floats {
 			count++
+			if !incrementalMean {
+				newSum, newC := kahanSumInc(f.F, sum, kahanC)
+				// Perform regular mean calculation as long as
+				// the sum doesn't overflow and (in any case)
+				// for the first iteration (even if we start
+				// with ±Inf) to not run into division-by-zero
+				// problems below.
+				if count == 1 || !math.IsInf(newSum, 0) {
+					sum, kahanC = newSum, newC
+					continue
+				}
+				// Handle overflow by reverting to incremental calculation of the mean value.
+				incrementalMean = true
+				mean = sum / (count - 1)
+				kahanC /= count - 1
+			}
 			if math.IsInf(mean, 0) {
 				if math.IsInf(f.F, 0) && (mean > 0) == (f.F > 0) {
 					// The `mean` and `f.F` values are `Inf` of the same sign.  They
@@ -593,14 +612,13 @@ func funcAvgOverTime(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNode
 					continue
 				}
 			}
-			correctedMean := mean + c
-			mean, c = kahanSumInc(f.F/count-correctedMean/count, mean, c)
+			correctedMean := mean + kahanC
+			mean, kahanC = kahanSumInc(f.F/count-correctedMean/count, mean, kahanC)
 		}
-
-		if math.IsInf(mean, 0) {
-			return mean
+		if incrementalMean {
+			return mean + kahanC
 		}
-		return mean + c
+		return (sum + kahanC) / count
 	}), nil
 }
 
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test
index 718e001c3..290beb5b9 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test
@@ -737,7 +737,6 @@ eval instant at 1m avg_over_time(metric6c[1m])
 eval instant at 1m sum_over_time(metric6c[1m])/count_over_time(metric6c[1m])
   {} NaN
 
-
 eval instant at 1m avg_over_time(metric7[1m])
   {} NaN
 
@@ -772,6 +771,9 @@ load 10s
 eval instant at 1m sum_over_time(metric[1m])
   {} 2
 
+eval instant at 1m avg_over_time(metric[1m])
+  {} 0.5
+
 # Tests for stddev_over_time and stdvar_over_time.
 clear
 load 10s

From fbc9eddfaf9ea5136c1008d997834cb3ac07ba90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2024 13:28:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 012/180] Refactor engine creation in tests

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 promql/bench_test.go      | 13 +++--------
 promql/engine_test.go     | 47 +++++++++------------------------------
 promql/functions_test.go  |  6 ++---
 promql/promql_test.go     |  5 +----
 promql/promqltest/test.go | 15 +++++++++----
 rules/alerting_test.go    | 11 ++-------
 rules/manager_test.go     | 35 ++++++-----------------------
 rules/recording_test.go   |  5 +----
 web/api/v1/api_test.go    | 14 ++----------
 web/api/v1/errors_test.go |  6 ++---
 10 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 116 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/bench_test.go b/promql/bench_test.go
index 2f244be1d..bc953464e 100644
--- a/promql/bench_test.go
+++ b/promql/bench_test.go
@@ -21,12 +21,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/parser"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/promqltest"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/tsdbutil"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/teststorage"
@@ -273,10 +272,7 @@ func BenchmarkRangeQuery(b *testing.B) {
 		MaxSamples: 50000000,
 		Timeout:    100 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	b.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(b, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(b, opts)
 
 	const interval = 10000 // 10s interval.
 	// A day of data plus 10k steps.
@@ -367,10 +363,7 @@ func BenchmarkNativeHistograms(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, tc := range cases {
 		b.Run(tc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
-			ng := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-			b.Cleanup(func() {
-				require.NoError(b, ng.Close())
-			})
+			ng := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(b, opts)
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 				qry, err := ng.NewRangeQuery(context.Background(), testStorage, nil, tc.query, start, end, step)
 				if err != nil {
diff --git a/promql/engine_test.go b/promql/engine_test.go
index f166b6d13..d58d23d45 100644
--- a/promql/engine_test.go
+++ b/promql/engine_test.go
@@ -64,11 +64,8 @@ func TestQueryConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:            100 * time.Second,
 		ActiveQueryTracker: queryTracker,
 	}
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	t.Cleanup(cancelCtx)
 
@@ -162,10 +159,7 @@ func TestQueryTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    5 * time.Millisecond,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancelCtx()
 
@@ -190,7 +184,7 @@ func TestQueryCancel(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancelCtx()
 
@@ -264,10 +258,7 @@ func TestQueryError(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 	errStorage := promql.ErrStorage{errors.New("storage error")}
 	queryable := storage.QueryableFunc(func(mint, maxt int64) (storage.Querier, error) {
 		return &errQuerier{err: errStorage}, nil
@@ -601,10 +592,7 @@ func TestSelectHintsSetCorrectly(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.query, func(t *testing.T) {
-			engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-			t.Cleanup(func() {
-				require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-			})
+			engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 			hintsRecorder := &noopHintRecordingQueryable{}
 
 			var (
@@ -635,10 +623,7 @@ func TestEngineShutdown(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 
 	block := make(chan struct{})
@@ -2055,10 +2040,7 @@ func TestQueryLogger_basic(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 
 	queryExec := func() {
 		ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
@@ -2109,10 +2091,7 @@ func TestQueryLogger_fields(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 
 	f1 := NewFakeQueryLogger()
 	engine.SetQueryLogger(f1)
@@ -2141,10 +2120,7 @@ func TestQueryLogger_error(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 
 	f1 := NewFakeQueryLogger()
 	engine.SetQueryLogger(f1)
@@ -3027,10 +3003,7 @@ func TestEngineOptsValidation(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, c := range cases {
-		eng := promql.NewEngine(c.opts)
-		t.Cleanup(func() {
-			require.NoError(t, eng.Close())
-		})
+		eng := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, c.opts)
 		_, err1 := eng.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), nil, nil, c.query, time.Unix(10, 0))
 		_, err2 := eng.NewRangeQuery(context.Background(), nil, nil, c.query, time.Unix(0, 0), time.Unix(10, 0), time.Second)
 		if c.fail {
diff --git a/promql/functions_test.go b/promql/functions_test.go
index ce62d316b..9ee0ba51d 100644
--- a/promql/functions_test.go
+++ b/promql/functions_test.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/timestamp"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/parser"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/promqltest"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/teststorage"
 )
 
@@ -39,10 +40,7 @@ func TestDeriv(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10000,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 
 	a := storage.Appender(context.Background())
 
diff --git a/promql/promql_test.go b/promql/promql_test.go
index 2a5834681..345ecab5e 100644
--- a/promql/promql_test.go
+++ b/promql/promql_test.go
@@ -48,10 +48,7 @@ func TestConcurrentRangeQueries(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	// Enable experimental functions testing
 	parser.EnableExperimentalFunctions = true
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 
 	const interval = 10000 // 10s interval.
 	// A day of data plus 10k steps.
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/test.go b/promql/promqltest/test.go
index 1fda9985a..8c7a346c2 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/test.go
+++ b/promql/promqltest/test.go
@@ -74,8 +74,9 @@ func LoadedStorage(t testutil.T, input string) *teststorage.TestStorage {
 	return test.storage
 }
 
-func NewTestEngine(t *testing.T, enablePerStepStats bool, lookbackDelta time.Duration, maxSamples int) *promql.Engine {
-	ng := promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
+// NewTestEngine creates a promql.Engine with enablePerStepStats, lookbackDelta and maxSamples, and returns it.
+func NewTestEngine(tb testing.TB, enablePerStepStats bool, lookbackDelta time.Duration, maxSamples int) *promql.Engine {
+	return NewTestEngineWithOpts(tb, promql.EngineOpts{
 		Logger:                   nil,
 		Reg:                      nil,
 		MaxSamples:               maxSamples,
@@ -86,8 +87,14 @@ func NewTestEngine(t *testing.T, enablePerStepStats bool, lookbackDelta time.Dur
 		EnablePerStepStats:       enablePerStepStats,
 		LookbackDelta:            lookbackDelta,
 	})
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, ng.Close())
+}
+
+// NewTestEngineWithOpts creates a promql.Engine with opts and returns it.
+func NewTestEngineWithOpts(tb testing.TB, opts promql.EngineOpts) *promql.Engine {
+	tb.Helper()
+	ng := promql.NewEngine(opts)
+	tb.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(tb, ng.Close())
 	})
 	return ng
 }
diff --git a/rules/alerting_test.go b/rules/alerting_test.go
index 2ff641b4b..81c065eaa 100644
--- a/rules/alerting_test.go
+++ b/rules/alerting_test.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ import (
 
 func testEngine(tb testing.TB) *promql.Engine {
 	tb.Helper()
-	e := promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
+	return promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(tb, promql.EngineOpts{
 		Logger:                   nil,
 		Reg:                      nil,
 		MaxSamples:               10000,
@@ -48,10 +48,6 @@ func testEngine(tb testing.TB) *promql.Engine {
 		EnableNegativeOffset:     true,
 		EnablePerStepStats:       true,
 	})
-	tb.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(tb, e.Close())
-	})
-	return e
 }
 
 func TestAlertingRuleState(t *testing.T) {
@@ -595,10 +591,7 @@ func TestAlertingRuleDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancelCtx()
 
diff --git a/rules/manager_test.go b/rules/manager_test.go
index 854048281..ea65a943d 100644
--- a/rules/manager_test.go
+++ b/rules/manager_test.go
@@ -542,10 +542,7 @@ func TestStaleness(t *testing.T) {
 			MaxSamples: 10,
 			Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 		}
-		engine := promql.NewEngine(engineOpts)
-		t.Cleanup(func() {
-			require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-		})
+		engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, engineOpts)
 		opts := &ManagerOptions{
 			QueryFunc:  EngineQueryFunc(engine, st),
 			Appendable: st,
@@ -779,10 +776,7 @@ func TestUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 	ruleManager := NewManager(&ManagerOptions{
 		Appendable: st,
 		Queryable:  st,
@@ -920,10 +914,7 @@ func TestNotify(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(engineOpts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, engineOpts)
 	var lastNotified []*Alert
 	notifyFunc := func(ctx context.Context, expr string, alerts ...*Alert) {
 		lastNotified = alerts
@@ -998,10 +989,7 @@ func TestMetricsUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 	ruleManager := NewManager(&ManagerOptions{
 		Appendable: storage,
 		Queryable:  storage,
@@ -1075,10 +1063,7 @@ func TestGroupStalenessOnRemoval(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 	ruleManager := NewManager(&ManagerOptions{
 		Appendable: storage,
 		Queryable:  storage,
@@ -1155,10 +1140,7 @@ func TestMetricsStalenessOnManagerShutdown(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 	ruleManager := NewManager(&ManagerOptions{
 		Appendable: storage,
 		Queryable:  storage,
@@ -1260,10 +1242,7 @@ func TestRuleHealthUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(engineOpts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, engineOpts)
 	opts := &ManagerOptions{
 		QueryFunc:  EngineQueryFunc(engine, st),
 		Appendable: st,
diff --git a/rules/recording_test.go b/rules/recording_test.go
index 98640ab0e..72c0764f9 100644
--- a/rules/recording_test.go
+++ b/rules/recording_test.go
@@ -167,10 +167,7 @@ func TestRuleEvalDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 		Timeout:    10 * time.Second,
 	}
 
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(opts)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, opts)
 	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancelCtx()
 
diff --git a/web/api/v1/api_test.go b/web/api/v1/api_test.go
index 3e94d18a0..61617189d 100644
--- a/web/api/v1/api_test.go
+++ b/web/api/v1/api_test.go
@@ -61,8 +61,7 @@ import (
 
 func testEngine(t *testing.T) *promql.Engine {
 	t.Helper()
-
-	ng := promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
+	return promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, promql.EngineOpts{
 		Logger:                   nil,
 		Reg:                      nil,
 		MaxSamples:               10000,
@@ -72,11 +71,6 @@ func testEngine(t *testing.T) *promql.Engine {
 		EnableNegativeOffset:     true,
 		EnablePerStepStats:       true,
 	})
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, ng.Close())
-	})
-
-	return ng
 }
 
 // testMetaStore satisfies the scrape.MetricMetadataStore interface.
@@ -315,11 +309,7 @@ func (m *rulesRetrieverMock) CreateRuleGroups() {
 		MaxSamples: 10,
 		Timeout:    100 * time.Second,
 	}
-
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(engineOpts)
-	m.testing.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(m.testing, engine.Close())
-	})
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(m.testing, engineOpts)
 	opts := &rules.ManagerOptions{
 		QueryFunc:  rules.EngineQueryFunc(engine, storage),
 		Appendable: storage,
diff --git a/web/api/v1/errors_test.go b/web/api/v1/errors_test.go
index d7fee4079..7e1fc09d8 100644
--- a/web/api/v1/errors_test.go
+++ b/web/api/v1/errors_test.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/promqltest"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/rules"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/scrape"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
@@ -103,16 +104,13 @@ func TestApiStatusCodes(t *testing.T) {
 func createPrometheusAPI(t *testing.T, q storage.SampleAndChunkQueryable) *route.Router {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	engine := promql.NewEngine(promql.EngineOpts{
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngineWithOpts(t, promql.EngineOpts{
 		Logger:             log.NewNopLogger(),
 		Reg:                nil,
 		ActiveQueryTracker: nil,
 		MaxSamples:         100,
 		Timeout:            5 * time.Second,
 	})
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, engine.Close())
-	})
 
 	api := NewAPI(
 		engine,

From c04924bc41982dfef9ea29939c1a2c6fe56333c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2024 16:47:33 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 013/180] otlptranslator: Add tests for BuildCompliantName

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 .../prometheus/normalize_label.go             |  11 +-
 .../prometheus/normalize_name.go              |  25 +--
 .../prometheus/normalize_name_test.go         | 203 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../prometheus/testutils_test.go              |  49 +++++
 4 files changed, 270 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name_test.go
 create mode 100644 storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/testutils_test.go

diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_label.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_label.go
index 6360aa976..a112b9bbc 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_label.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_label.go
@@ -21,15 +21,14 @@ import (
 	"unicode"
 )
 
-// Normalizes the specified label to follow Prometheus label names standard
+// Normalizes the specified label to follow Prometheus label names standard.
 //
-// See rules at https://prometheus.io/docs/concepts/data_model/#metric-names-and-labels
+// See rules at https://prometheus.io/docs/concepts/data_model/#metric-names-and-labels.
 //
-// Labels that start with non-letter rune will be prefixed with "key_"
+// Labels that start with non-letter rune will be prefixed with "key_".
 //
-// Exception is made for double-underscores which are allowed
+// An exception is made for double-underscores which are allowed.
 func NormalizeLabel(label string) string {
-
 	// Trivial case
 	if len(label) == 0 {
 		return label
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ func NormalizeLabel(label string) string {
 	return label
 }
 
-// Return '_' for anything non-alphanumeric
+// Return '_' for anything non-alphanumeric.
 func sanitizeRune(r rune) rune {
 	if unicode.IsLetter(r) || unicode.IsDigit(r) {
 		return r
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name.go
index 71bba40e4..0f472b80a 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name.go
@@ -76,14 +76,15 @@ var perUnitMap = map[string]string{
 	"y":  "year",
 }
 
-// BuildCompliantName builds a Prometheus-compliant metric name for the specified metric
+// BuildCompliantName builds a Prometheus-compliant metric name for the specified metric.
 //
 // Metric name is prefixed with specified namespace and underscore (if any).
 // Namespace is not cleaned up. Make sure specified namespace follows Prometheus
 // naming convention.
 //
-// See rules at https://prometheus.io/docs/concepts/data_model/#metric-names-and-labels
-// and https://prometheus.io/docs/practices/naming/#metric-and-label-naming
+// See rules at https://prometheus.io/docs/concepts/data_model/#metric-names-and-labels,
+// https://prometheus.io/docs/practices/naming/#metric-and-label-naming
+// and https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/v1.33.0/specification/compatibility/prometheus_and_openmetrics.md#otlp-metric-points-to-prometheus.
 func BuildCompliantName(metric pmetric.Metric, namespace string, addMetricSuffixes bool) string {
 	var metricName string
 
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ func BuildCompliantName(metric pmetric.Metric, namespace string, addMetricSuffix
 
 // Build a normalized name for the specified metric
 func normalizeName(metric pmetric.Metric, namespace string) string {
-	// Split metric name in "tokens" (remove all non-alphanumeric)
+	// Split metric name into "tokens" (remove all non-alphanumerics)
 	nameTokens := strings.FieldsFunc(
 		metric.Name(),
 		func(r rune) bool { return !unicode.IsLetter(r) && !unicode.IsDigit(r) },
@@ -122,9 +123,9 @@ func normalizeName(metric pmetric.Metric, namespace string) string {
 	// Main unit
 	// Append if not blank, doesn't contain '{}', and is not present in metric name already
 	if len(unitTokens) > 0 {
-		mainUnitOtel := strings.TrimSpace(unitTokens[0])
-		if mainUnitOtel != "" && !strings.ContainsAny(mainUnitOtel, "{}") {
-			mainUnitProm := CleanUpString(unitMapGetOrDefault(mainUnitOtel))
+		mainUnitOTel := strings.TrimSpace(unitTokens[0])
+		if mainUnitOTel != "" && !strings.ContainsAny(mainUnitOTel, "{}") {
+			mainUnitProm := CleanUpString(unitMapGetOrDefault(mainUnitOTel))
 			if mainUnitProm != "" && !contains(nameTokens, mainUnitProm) {
 				nameTokens = append(nameTokens, mainUnitProm)
 			}
@@ -133,11 +134,11 @@ func normalizeName(metric pmetric.Metric, namespace string) string {
 		// Per unit
 		// Append if not blank, doesn't contain '{}', and is not present in metric name already
 		if len(unitTokens) > 1 && unitTokens[1] != "" {
-			perUnitOtel := strings.TrimSpace(unitTokens[1])
-			if perUnitOtel != "" && !strings.ContainsAny(perUnitOtel, "{}") {
-				perUnitProm := CleanUpString(perUnitMapGetOrDefault(perUnitOtel))
+			perUnitOTel := strings.TrimSpace(unitTokens[1])
+			if perUnitOTel != "" && !strings.ContainsAny(perUnitOTel, "{}") {
+				perUnitProm := CleanUpString(perUnitMapGetOrDefault(perUnitOTel))
 				if perUnitProm != "" && !contains(nameTokens, perUnitProm) {
-					nameTokens = append(append(nameTokens, "per"), perUnitProm)
+					nameTokens = append(nameTokens, "per", perUnitProm)
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ func normalizeName(metric pmetric.Metric, namespace string) string {
 	}
 
 	// Append _ratio for metrics with unit "1"
-	// Some Otel receivers improperly use unit "1" for counters of objects
+	// Some OTel receivers improperly use unit "1" for counters of objects
 	// See https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/issues?q=is%3Aissue+some+metric+units+don%27t+follow+otel+semantic+conventions
 	// Until these issues have been fixed, we're appending `_ratio` for gauges ONLY
 	// Theoretically, counters could be ratios as well, but it's absurd (for mathematical reasons)
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee25bb2df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+// Provenance-includes-location: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/95e8f8fdc2a9dc87230406c9a3cf02be4fd68bea/pkg/translator/prometheus/normalize_name_test.go
+// Provenance-includes-license: Apache-2.0
+// Provenance-includes-copyright: Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors.
+
+package prometheus
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pmetric"
+)
+
+func TestByte(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "system_filesystem_usage_bytes", normalizeName(createGauge("system.filesystem.usage", "By"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestByteCounter(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "system_io_bytes_total", normalizeName(createCounter("system.io", "By"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "network_transmitted_bytes_total", normalizeName(createCounter("network_transmitted_bytes_total", "By"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestWhiteSpaces(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "system_filesystem_usage_bytes", normalizeName(createGauge("\t system.filesystem.usage       ", "  By\t"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestNonStandardUnit(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_dropped", normalizeName(createGauge("system.network.dropped", "{packets}"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestNonStandardUnitCounter(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_dropped_total", normalizeName(createCounter("system.network.dropped", "{packets}"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestBrokenUnit(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_dropped_packets", normalizeName(createGauge("system.network.dropped", "packets"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_packets_dropped", normalizeName(createGauge("system.network.packets.dropped", "packets"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_packets", normalizeName(createGauge("system.network.packets", "packets"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestBrokenUnitCounter(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_dropped_packets_total", normalizeName(createCounter("system.network.dropped", "packets"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_packets_dropped_total", normalizeName(createCounter("system.network.packets.dropped", "packets"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_packets_total", normalizeName(createCounter("system.network.packets", "packets"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestRatio(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "hw_gpu_memory_utilization_ratio", normalizeName(createGauge("hw.gpu.memory.utilization", "1"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "hw_fan_speed_ratio", normalizeName(createGauge("hw.fan.speed_ratio", "1"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "objects_total", normalizeName(createCounter("objects", "1"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestHertz(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "hw_cpu_speed_limit_hertz", normalizeName(createGauge("hw.cpu.speed_limit", "Hz"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestPer(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "broken_metric_speed_km_per_hour", normalizeName(createGauge("broken.metric.speed", "km/h"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "astro_light_speed_limit_meters_per_second", normalizeName(createGauge("astro.light.speed_limit", "m/s"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestPercent(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "broken_metric_success_ratio_percent", normalizeName(createGauge("broken.metric.success_ratio", "%"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "broken_metric_success_percent", normalizeName(createGauge("broken.metric.success_percent", "%"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "test_metric_no_unit", normalizeName(createGauge("test.metric.no_unit", ""), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "test_metric_spaces", normalizeName(createGauge("test.metric.spaces", "   \t  "), ""))
+}
+
+func TestUnsupportedRunes(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "unsupported_metric_temperature_F", normalizeName(createGauge("unsupported.metric.temperature", "°F"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "unsupported_metric_weird", normalizeName(createGauge("unsupported.metric.weird", "+=.:,!* & #"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "unsupported_metric_redundant_test_per_C", normalizeName(createGauge("unsupported.metric.redundant", "__test $/°C"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestOTelReceivers(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "active_directory_ds_replication_network_io_bytes_total", normalizeName(createCounter("active_directory.ds.replication.network.io", "By"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "active_directory_ds_replication_sync_object_pending_total", normalizeName(createCounter("active_directory.ds.replication.sync.object.pending", "{objects}"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "active_directory_ds_replication_object_rate_per_second", normalizeName(createGauge("active_directory.ds.replication.object.rate", "{objects}/s"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "active_directory_ds_name_cache_hit_rate_percent", normalizeName(createGauge("active_directory.ds.name_cache.hit_rate", "%"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "active_directory_ds_ldap_bind_last_successful_time_milliseconds", normalizeName(createGauge("active_directory.ds.ldap.bind.last_successful.time", "ms"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "apache_current_connections", normalizeName(createGauge("apache.current_connections", "connections"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "apache_workers_connections", normalizeName(createGauge("apache.workers", "connections"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "apache_requests_total", normalizeName(createCounter("apache.requests", "1"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "bigip_virtual_server_request_count_total", normalizeName(createCounter("bigip.virtual_server.request.count", "{requests}"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_cpu_utilization_ratio", normalizeName(createGauge("system.cpu.utilization", "1"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_disk_operation_time_seconds_total", normalizeName(createCounter("system.disk.operation_time", "s"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_cpu_load_average_15m_ratio", normalizeName(createGauge("system.cpu.load_average.15m", "1"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "memcached_operation_hit_ratio_percent", normalizeName(createGauge("memcached.operation_hit_ratio", "%"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "mongodbatlas_process_asserts_per_second", normalizeName(createGauge("mongodbatlas.process.asserts", "{assertions}/s"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "mongodbatlas_process_journaling_data_files_mebibytes", normalizeName(createGauge("mongodbatlas.process.journaling.data_files", "MiBy"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "mongodbatlas_process_network_io_bytes_per_second", normalizeName(createGauge("mongodbatlas.process.network.io", "By/s"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "mongodbatlas_process_oplog_rate_gibibytes_per_hour", normalizeName(createGauge("mongodbatlas.process.oplog.rate", "GiBy/h"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "mongodbatlas_process_db_query_targeting_scanned_per_returned", normalizeName(createGauge("mongodbatlas.process.db.query_targeting.scanned_per_returned", "{scanned}/{returned}"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "nginx_requests", normalizeName(createGauge("nginx.requests", "requests"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "nginx_connections_accepted", normalizeName(createGauge("nginx.connections_accepted", "connections"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "nsxt_node_memory_usage_kilobytes", normalizeName(createGauge("nsxt.node.memory.usage", "KBy"), ""))
+	require.Equal(t, "redis_latest_fork_microseconds", normalizeName(createGauge("redis.latest_fork", "us"), ""))
+}
+
+func TestTrimPromSuffixes(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, "active_directory_ds_replication_network_io", TrimPromSuffixes("active_directory_ds_replication_network_io_bytes_total", pmetric.MetricTypeSum, "bytes"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "active_directory_ds_name_cache_hit_rate", TrimPromSuffixes("active_directory_ds_name_cache_hit_rate_percent", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "percent"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "active_directory_ds_ldap_bind_last_successful_time", TrimPromSuffixes("active_directory_ds_ldap_bind_last_successful_time_milliseconds", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "milliseconds"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "apache_requests", TrimPromSuffixes("apache_requests_total", pmetric.MetricTypeSum, "1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "system_cpu_utilization", TrimPromSuffixes("system_cpu_utilization_ratio", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "ratio"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "mongodbatlas_process_journaling_data_files", TrimPromSuffixes("mongodbatlas_process_journaling_data_files_mebibytes", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "mebibytes"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "mongodbatlas_process_network_io", TrimPromSuffixes("mongodbatlas_process_network_io_bytes_per_second", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "bytes_per_second"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "mongodbatlas_process_oplog_rate", TrimPromSuffixes("mongodbatlas_process_oplog_rate_gibibytes_per_hour", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "gibibytes_per_hour"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "nsxt_node_memory_usage", TrimPromSuffixes("nsxt_node_memory_usage_kilobytes", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "kilobytes"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "redis_latest_fork", TrimPromSuffixes("redis_latest_fork_microseconds", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "microseconds"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "up", TrimPromSuffixes("up", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, ""))
+
+	// These are not necessarily valid OM units, only tested for the sake of completeness.
+	assert.Equal(t, "active_directory_ds_replication_sync_object_pending", TrimPromSuffixes("active_directory_ds_replication_sync_object_pending_total", pmetric.MetricTypeSum, "{objects}"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "apache_current", TrimPromSuffixes("apache_current_connections", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "connections"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "bigip_virtual_server_request_count", TrimPromSuffixes("bigip_virtual_server_request_count_total", pmetric.MetricTypeSum, "{requests}"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "mongodbatlas_process_db_query_targeting_scanned_per_returned", TrimPromSuffixes("mongodbatlas_process_db_query_targeting_scanned_per_returned", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "{scanned}/{returned}"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "nginx_connections_accepted", TrimPromSuffixes("nginx_connections_accepted", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "connections"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "apache_workers", TrimPromSuffixes("apache_workers_connections", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "connections"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "nginx", TrimPromSuffixes("nginx_requests", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "requests"))
+
+	// Units shouldn't be trimmed if the unit is not a direct match with the suffix, i.e, a suffix "_seconds" shouldn't be removed if unit is "sec" or "s"
+	assert.Equal(t, "system_cpu_load_average_15m_ratio", TrimPromSuffixes("system_cpu_load_average_15m_ratio", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "mongodbatlas_process_asserts_per_second", TrimPromSuffixes("mongodbatlas_process_asserts_per_second", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "{assertions}/s"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "memcached_operation_hit_ratio_percent", TrimPromSuffixes("memcached_operation_hit_ratio_percent", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "%"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "active_directory_ds_replication_object_rate_per_second", TrimPromSuffixes("active_directory_ds_replication_object_rate_per_second", pmetric.MetricTypeGauge, "{objects}/s"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "system_disk_operation_time_seconds", TrimPromSuffixes("system_disk_operation_time_seconds_total", pmetric.MetricTypeSum, "s"))
+}
+
+func TestNamespace(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "space_test", normalizeName(createGauge("test", ""), "space"))
+	require.Equal(t, "space_test", normalizeName(createGauge("#test", ""), "space"))
+}
+
+func TestCleanUpString(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "", CleanUpString(""))
+	require.Equal(t, "a_b", CleanUpString("a b"))
+	require.Equal(t, "hello_world", CleanUpString("hello, world!"))
+	require.Equal(t, "hello_you_2", CleanUpString("hello you 2"))
+	require.Equal(t, "1000", CleanUpString("$1000"))
+	require.Equal(t, "", CleanUpString("*+$^=)"))
+}
+
+func TestUnitMapGetOrDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "", unitMapGetOrDefault(""))
+	require.Equal(t, "seconds", unitMapGetOrDefault("s"))
+	require.Equal(t, "invalid", unitMapGetOrDefault("invalid"))
+}
+
+func TestPerUnitMapGetOrDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "", perUnitMapGetOrDefault(""))
+	require.Equal(t, "second", perUnitMapGetOrDefault("s"))
+	require.Equal(t, "invalid", perUnitMapGetOrDefault("invalid"))
+}
+
+func TestRemoveItem(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, []string{}, removeItem([]string{}, "test"))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{}, removeItem([]string{}, ""))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b", "c"}, removeItem([]string{"a", "b", "c"}, "d"))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b", "c"}, removeItem([]string{"a", "b", "c"}, ""))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b"}, removeItem([]string{"a", "b", "c"}, "c"))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"a", "c"}, removeItem([]string{"a", "b", "c"}, "b"))
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"b", "c"}, removeItem([]string{"a", "b", "c"}, "a"))
+}
+
+func TestBuildCompliantNameWithNormalize(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "system_io_bytes_total", BuildCompliantName(createCounter("system.io", "By"), "", true))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_io_bytes_total", BuildCompliantName(createCounter("network.io", "By"), "system", true))
+	require.Equal(t, "_3_14_digits", BuildCompliantName(createGauge("3.14 digits", ""), "", true))
+	require.Equal(t, "envoy_rule_engine_zlib_buf_error", BuildCompliantName(createGauge("envoy__rule_engine_zlib_buf_error", ""), "", true))
+	require.Equal(t, "foo_bar", BuildCompliantName(createGauge(":foo::bar", ""), "", true))
+	require.Equal(t, "foo_bar_total", BuildCompliantName(createCounter(":foo::bar", ""), "", true))
+	// Gauges with unit 1 are considered ratios.
+	require.Equal(t, "foo_bar_ratio", BuildCompliantName(createGauge("foo.bar", "1"), "", true))
+	// Slashes in units are converted.
+	require.Equal(t, "system_io_foo_per_bar_total", BuildCompliantName(createCounter("system.io", "foo/bar"), "", true))
+}
+
+func TestBuildCompliantNameWithoutSuffixes(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "system_io", BuildCompliantName(createCounter("system.io", "By"), "", false))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_io", BuildCompliantName(createCounter("network.io", "By"), "system", false))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_network_I_O", BuildCompliantName(createCounter("network (I/O)", "By"), "system", false))
+	require.Equal(t, "_3_14_digits", BuildCompliantName(createGauge("3.14 digits", "By"), "", false))
+	require.Equal(t, "envoy__rule_engine_zlib_buf_error", BuildCompliantName(createGauge("envoy__rule_engine_zlib_buf_error", ""), "", false))
+	require.Equal(t, ":foo::bar", BuildCompliantName(createGauge(":foo::bar", ""), "", false))
+	require.Equal(t, ":foo::bar", BuildCompliantName(createCounter(":foo::bar", ""), "", false))
+}
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/testutils_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/testutils_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..363328c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/testutils_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+// Provenance-includes-location: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/95e8f8fdc2a9dc87230406c9a3cf02be4fd68bea/pkg/translator/prometheus/testutils_test.go
+// Provenance-includes-license: Apache-2.0
+// Provenance-includes-copyright: Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors.
+
+package prometheus
+
+import (
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pmetric"
+)
+
+var ilm pmetric.ScopeMetrics
+
+func init() {
+
+	metrics := pmetric.NewMetrics()
+	resourceMetrics := metrics.ResourceMetrics().AppendEmpty()
+	ilm = resourceMetrics.ScopeMetrics().AppendEmpty()
+
+}
+
+// Returns a new Metric of type "Gauge" with specified name and unit
+func createGauge(name string, unit string) pmetric.Metric {
+	gauge := ilm.Metrics().AppendEmpty()
+	gauge.SetName(name)
+	gauge.SetUnit(unit)
+	gauge.SetEmptyGauge()
+	return gauge
+}
+
+// Returns a new Metric of type Monotonic Sum with specified name and unit
+func createCounter(name string, unit string) pmetric.Metric {
+	counter := ilm.Metrics().AppendEmpty()
+	counter.SetEmptySum().SetIsMonotonic(true)
+	counter.SetName(name)
+	counter.SetUnit(unit)
+	return counter
+}

From a4a5994f69d9af423ec886b2c0e20a05453ac832 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Callum Styan <callumstyan@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2024 15:07:12 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 014/180] clarify that 1.0 will eventually be deprecated, it is
 not yet deprecated

Signed-off-by: Callum Styan <callumstyan@gmail.com>
---
 config/config.go                                             | 5 +++--
 .../examples/remote_storage/example_write_adapter/README.md  | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/config/config.go b/config/config.go
index c924e3098..173689d6a 100644
--- a/config/config.go
+++ b/config/config.go
@@ -1085,8 +1085,9 @@ func (m RemoteWriteProtoMsgs) String() string {
 }
 
 var (
-	// RemoteWriteProtoMsgV1 represents the deprecated `prometheus.WriteRequest` protobuf
-	// message introduced in the https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/remote_write_spec/.
+	// RemoteWriteProtoMsgV1 represents the `prometheus.WriteRequest` protobuf
+	// message introduced in the https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/remote_write_spec/,
+	// which will eventually be deprecated.
 	//
 	// NOTE: This string is used for both HTTP header values and config value, so don't change
 	// this reference.
diff --git a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/example_write_adapter/README.md b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/example_write_adapter/README.md
index 739cf3be3..968d2b25c 100644
--- a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/example_write_adapter/README.md
+++ b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/example_write_adapter/README.md
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ remote_write:
     protobuf_message: "io.prometheus.write.v2.Request"
 ```
 
-or for deprecated Remote Write 1.0 message:
+or for the eventually deprecated Remote Write 1.0 message:
 
 ```yaml
 remote_write:

From 7b5897a46d3afe25912e97b73b89e599db66fde8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2024 17:51:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 015/180] Prepare release 2.54.0-rc.0 (#14498)

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 CHANGELOG.md                                 | 41 ++++++++++++++++++--
 VERSION                                      |  2 +-
 web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json |  4 +-
 web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json      |  2 +-
 web/ui/package-lock.json                     | 14 +++----
 web/ui/package.json                          |  2 +-
 web/ui/react-app/package.json                |  4 +-
 7 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index e7314d041..02ffc5e4b 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,9 +1,44 @@
 # Changelog
 
-## unreleased
+## 2.54.0-rc.0 / 2024-07-19
 
-* [FEATURE] Remote-Write: Add sender and receiver support for [Remote Write 2.0-rc.2](https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/remote_write_spec_2_0/) specification #14395 #14427 #14444
-* [ENHANCEMENT] Remote-Write: 1.x messages against Remote Write 2.x Receivers will have now correct values for `prometheus_storage_<samples|histograms|exemplar>_failed_total` in case of partial errors #14444
+Release 2.54 brings a release candidate of a major new version of [Remote Write: 2.0](https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/remote_write_spec_2_0/).
+This is experimental at this time and may still change.
+Remote-write v2 is enabled by default, but can be disabled via feature-flag `web.remote-write-receiver.accepted-protobuf-messages`.
+
+* [CHANGE] Remote-Write: `highest_timestamp_in_seconds` and `queue_highest_sent_timestamp_seconds` metrics now initialized to 0. #14437
+* [CHANGE] API: Split warnings from info annotations in API response. #14327
+* [FEATURE] Remote-Write: Version 2.0 experimental, plus metadata in WAL via feature flag `metadata-wal-records` (defaults on). #14395,#14427,#14444
+* [FEATURE] PromQL: add limitk() and limit_ratio() aggregation operators. #12503
+* [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Accept underscores in literal numbers, e.g. 1_000_000 for 1 million. #12821
+* [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: float literal numbers and durations are now interchangeable (experimental). Example: `time() - my_timestamp > 10m`. #9138
+* [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: use Kahan summation for sum(). #14074,#14362
+* [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL (experimental native histograms): Optimize `histogram_count` and `histogram_sum` functions. #14097
+* [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Better support for out-of-order experimental native histogram samples. #14438
+* [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Optimise seek within index. #14393
+* [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Optimise deletion of stale series. #14307
+* [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Reduce locking to optimise adding and removing series. #13286,#14286
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Regexps: Optimize patterns with multiple prefixes. #13843,#14368
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Regexps: Optimize patterns containing multiple literal strings. #14173
+* [ENHANCEMENT] AWS SD: expose Primary IPv6 addresses as __meta_ec2_primary_ipv6_addresses. #14156
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Docker SD: add MatchFirstNetwork for containers with multiple networks. #10490
+* [ENHANCEMENT] OpenStack SD: Use `flavor.original_name` if available. #14312
+* [ENHANCEMENT] UI (experimental native histograms): more accurate representation. #13680,#14430
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Agent: `out_of_order_time_window` config option now applies to agent. #14094
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Notifier: Send any outstanding Alertmanager notifications when shutting down. #14290
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Rules: Add label-matcher support to Rules API. #10194
+* [ENHANCEMENT] HTTP API: Add url to message logged on error while sending response. #14209
+* [BUGFIX] CLI: escape `|` characters when generating docs. #14420
+* [BUGFIX] PromQL (experimental native histograms): Fix some binary operators between native histogram values. #14454
+* [BUGFIX] TSDB: LabelNames API could fail during compaction. #14279
+* [BUGFIX] TSDB: Fix rare issue where pending OOO read can be left dangling if creating querier fails. #14341
+* [BUGFIX] TSDB: fix check for context cancellation in LabelNamesFor. #14302
+* [BUGFIX] Rules: Fix rare panic on reload. #14366
+* [BUGFIX] Config: In YAML marshalling, do not output a regexp field if it was never set. #14004
+* [BUGFIX] Remote-Write: reject samples with future timestamps. #14304
+* [BUGFIX] Remote-Write: Fix data corruption in remote write if max_sample_age is applied. #14078
+* [BUGFIX] Notifier: Fix Alertmanager discovery not updating under heavy load. #14174
+* [BUGFIX] Regexes: some Unicode characters were not matched by case-insensitive comparison. #14170,#14299
 
 ## 2.53.1 / 2024-07-10
 
diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION
index f419e2c6f..69539c388 100644
--- a/VERSION
+++ b/VERSION
@@ -1 +1 @@
-2.53.1
+2.54.0-rc.0
diff --git a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
index ba924346f..02c1d2286 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql",
-  "version": "0.53.1",
+  "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
   "description": "a CodeMirror mode for the PromQL language",
   "types": "dist/esm/index.d.ts",
   "module": "dist/esm/index.js",
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   },
   "homepage": "https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/README.md",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.53.1",
+    "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0-rc.0",
     "lru-cache": "^7.18.3"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
index cbd03ae2b..af2fcae67 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql",
-  "version": "0.53.1",
+  "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
   "description": "lezer-based PromQL grammar",
   "main": "dist/index.cjs",
   "type": "module",
diff --git a/web/ui/package-lock.json b/web/ui/package-lock.json
index 62ac34e43..17bb0f272 100644
--- a/web/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "prometheus-io",
-  "version": "0.53.1",
+  "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "prometheus-io",
-      "version": "0.53.1",
+      "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
       "workspaces": [
         "react-app",
         "module/*"
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
     },
     "module/codemirror-promql": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql",
-      "version": "0.53.1",
+      "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.53.1",
+        "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0-rc.0",
         "lru-cache": "^7.18.3"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
     },
     "module/lezer-promql": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql",
-      "version": "0.53.1",
+      "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "devDependencies": {
         "@lezer/generator": "^1.7.0",
@@ -19332,7 +19332,7 @@
     },
     "react-app": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/app",
-      "version": "0.53.1",
+      "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.17.0",
         "@codemirror/commands": "^6.6.0",
@@ -19350,7 +19350,7 @@
         "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
         "@nexucis/fuzzy": "^0.4.1",
         "@nexucis/kvsearch": "^0.8.1",
-        "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.53.1",
+        "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0-rc.0",
         "bootstrap": "^4.6.2",
         "css.escape": "^1.5.1",
         "downshift": "^9.0.6",
diff --git a/web/ui/package.json b/web/ui/package.json
index 693a73dec..80e8d815f 100644
--- a/web/ui/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/package.json
@@ -28,5 +28,5 @@
     "ts-jest": "^29.2.2",
     "typescript": "^4.9.5"
   },
-  "version": "0.53.1"
+  "version": "0.54.0-rc.0"
 }
diff --git a/web/ui/react-app/package.json b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
index c8002433a..df90049ce 100644
--- a/web/ui/react-app/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/app",
-  "version": "0.53.1",
+  "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
   "private": true,
   "dependencies": {
     "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.17.0",
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
     "@nexucis/fuzzy": "^0.4.1",
     "@nexucis/kvsearch": "^0.8.1",
-    "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.53.1",
+    "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0-rc.0",
     "bootstrap": "^4.6.2",
     "css.escape": "^1.5.1",
     "downshift": "^9.0.6",

From 4fb2183437728b5107b27323ff1520de0fa21203 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2024 11:21:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 016/180] Test a couple more cases without suffix gen

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name_test.go | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name_test.go
index ee25bb2df..07b9b0a78 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus/normalize_name_test.go
@@ -200,4 +200,6 @@ func TestBuildCompliantNameWithoutSuffixes(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "envoy__rule_engine_zlib_buf_error", BuildCompliantName(createGauge("envoy__rule_engine_zlib_buf_error", ""), "", false))
 	require.Equal(t, ":foo::bar", BuildCompliantName(createGauge(":foo::bar", ""), "", false))
 	require.Equal(t, ":foo::bar", BuildCompliantName(createCounter(":foo::bar", ""), "", false))
+	require.Equal(t, "foo_bar", BuildCompliantName(createGauge("foo.bar", "1"), "", false))
+	require.Equal(t, "system_io", BuildCompliantName(createCounter("system.io", "foo/bar"), "", false))
 }

From 9caba4be7d0f9e4bf2b7945a65ded197ba7acdc1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergey <freak12techno@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2024 15:32:11 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 017/180] chore: use HumanizeDuration and ConvertToFloat from
 prometheus/common

Signed-off-by: Sergey <freak12techno@gmail.com>
---
 template/template.go | 45 +++++---------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/template.go b/template/template.go
index dbe1607cf..c507dbe74 100644
--- a/template/template.go
+++ b/template/template.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/url"
 	"sort"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	text_template "text/template"
 	"time"
@@ -106,25 +105,6 @@ func query(ctx context.Context, q string, ts time.Time, queryFn QueryFunc) (quer
 	return result, nil
 }
 
-func convertToFloat(i interface{}) (float64, error) {
-	switch v := i.(type) {
-	case float64:
-		return v, nil
-	case string:
-		return strconv.ParseFloat(v, 64)
-	case int:
-		return float64(v), nil
-	case uint:
-		return float64(v), nil
-	case int64:
-		return float64(v), nil
-	case uint64:
-		return float64(v), nil
-	default:
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("can't convert %T to float", v)
-	}
-}
-
 // Expander executes templates in text or HTML mode with a common set of Prometheus template functions.
 type Expander struct {
 	text    string
@@ -219,7 +199,7 @@ func NewTemplateExpander(
 				return host
 			},
 			"humanize": func(i interface{}) (string, error) {
-				v, err := convertToFloat(i)
+				v, err := common_templates.ConvertToFloat(i)
 				if err != nil {
 					return "", err
 				}
@@ -248,7 +228,7 @@ func NewTemplateExpander(
 				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g%s", v, prefix), nil
 			},
 			"humanize1024": func(i interface{}) (string, error) {
-				v, err := convertToFloat(i)
+				v, err := common_templates.ConvertToFloat(i)
 				if err != nil {
 					return "", err
 				}
@@ -267,30 +247,15 @@ func NewTemplateExpander(
 			},
 			"humanizeDuration": common_templates.HumanizeDuration,
 			"humanizePercentage": func(i interface{}) (string, error) {
-				v, err := convertToFloat(i)
+				v, err := common_templates.ConvertToFloat(i)
 				if err != nil {
 					return "", err
 				}
 				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g%%", v*100), nil
 			},
-			"humanizeTimestamp": func(i interface{}) (string, error) {
-				v, err := convertToFloat(i)
-				if err != nil {
-					return "", err
-				}
-
-				tm, err := floatToTime(v)
-				switch {
-				case errors.Is(err, errNaNOrInf):
-					return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g", v), nil
-				case err != nil:
-					return "", err
-				}
-
-				return fmt.Sprint(tm), nil
-			},
+			"humanizeTimestamp": common_templates.HumanizeTimestamp,
 			"toTime": func(i interface{}) (*time.Time, error) {
-				v, err := convertToFloat(i)
+				v, err := common_templates.ConvertToFloat(i)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}

From d186caead514dd81bf7f4d57629089b39ff2635a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2024 14:41:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 018/180] Merge pull request #14496 from
 bboreham/fix-nil-primary (#14509)

[BUGFIX] Storage: errors from a single secondary querier should be warnings.

This is a backport of #14496 to release-2.54 branch.

#13434 introduced an unwanted change in behaviour: if there was no primary querier and a single secondary querier, the secondary would be treated like a primary.  This PR restores the previous behaviour, that all secondary queriers report errors as warnings.

In order to test this behaviour, I changed `TestMergeQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling` so it now calls `NewMergeQuerier` rather than creating the internal data structure directly.

This in turn required all the data types to change, so I merged  `mockGenericQuerier` into `mockQuerier`.
Also replaced `unwrapMockGenericQuerier` with a visitor pattern.

While I was there, I addressed the comment from https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/13434#pullrequestreview-2191058921 to short-circuit the merge of single querier with any number of no-op or nil queriers.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 storage/merge.go      |  50 ++++---
 storage/merge_test.go | 318 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 2 files changed, 204 insertions(+), 164 deletions(-)

diff --git a/storage/merge.go b/storage/merge.go
index 194494b6a..2424b26ab 100644
--- a/storage/merge.go
+++ b/storage/merge.go
@@ -45,25 +45,24 @@ type mergeGenericQuerier struct {
 //
 // In case of overlaps between the data given by primaries' and secondaries' Selects, merge function will be used.
 func NewMergeQuerier(primaries, secondaries []Querier, mergeFn VerticalSeriesMergeFunc) Querier {
+	primaries = filterQueriers(primaries)
+	secondaries = filterQueriers(secondaries)
+
 	switch {
-	case len(primaries)+len(secondaries) == 0:
+	case len(primaries) == 0 && len(secondaries) == 0:
 		return noopQuerier{}
 	case len(primaries) == 1 && len(secondaries) == 0:
 		return primaries[0]
 	case len(primaries) == 0 && len(secondaries) == 1:
-		return secondaries[0]
+		return &querierAdapter{newSecondaryQuerierFrom(secondaries[0])}
 	}
 
 	queriers := make([]genericQuerier, 0, len(primaries)+len(secondaries))
 	for _, q := range primaries {
-		if _, ok := q.(noopQuerier); !ok && q != nil {
-			queriers = append(queriers, newGenericQuerierFrom(q))
-		}
+		queriers = append(queriers, newGenericQuerierFrom(q))
 	}
 	for _, q := range secondaries {
-		if _, ok := q.(noopQuerier); !ok && q != nil {
-			queriers = append(queriers, newSecondaryQuerierFrom(q))
-		}
+		queriers = append(queriers, newSecondaryQuerierFrom(q))
 	}
 
 	concurrentSelect := false
@@ -77,31 +76,40 @@ func NewMergeQuerier(primaries, secondaries []Querier, mergeFn VerticalSeriesMer
 	}}
 }
 
+func filterQueriers(qs []Querier) []Querier {
+	ret := make([]Querier, 0, len(qs))
+	for _, q := range qs {
+		if _, ok := q.(noopQuerier); !ok && q != nil {
+			ret = append(ret, q)
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
 // NewMergeChunkQuerier returns a new Chunk Querier that merges results of given primary and secondary chunk queriers.
 // See NewFanout commentary to learn more about primary vs secondary differences.
 //
 // In case of overlaps between the data given by primaries' and secondaries' Selects, merge function will be used.
 // TODO(bwplotka): Currently merge will compact overlapping chunks with bigger chunk, without limit. Split it: https://github.com/prometheus/tsdb/issues/670
 func NewMergeChunkQuerier(primaries, secondaries []ChunkQuerier, mergeFn VerticalChunkSeriesMergeFunc) ChunkQuerier {
+	primaries = filterChunkQueriers(primaries)
+	secondaries = filterChunkQueriers(secondaries)
+
 	switch {
 	case len(primaries) == 0 && len(secondaries) == 0:
 		return noopChunkQuerier{}
 	case len(primaries) == 1 && len(secondaries) == 0:
 		return primaries[0]
 	case len(primaries) == 0 && len(secondaries) == 1:
-		return secondaries[0]
+		return &chunkQuerierAdapter{newSecondaryQuerierFromChunk(secondaries[0])}
 	}
 
 	queriers := make([]genericQuerier, 0, len(primaries)+len(secondaries))
 	for _, q := range primaries {
-		if _, ok := q.(noopChunkQuerier); !ok && q != nil {
-			queriers = append(queriers, newGenericQuerierFromChunk(q))
-		}
+		queriers = append(queriers, newGenericQuerierFromChunk(q))
 	}
-	for _, querier := range secondaries {
-		if _, ok := querier.(noopChunkQuerier); !ok && querier != nil {
-			queriers = append(queriers, newSecondaryQuerierFromChunk(querier))
-		}
+	for _, q := range secondaries {
+		queriers = append(queriers, newSecondaryQuerierFromChunk(q))
 	}
 
 	concurrentSelect := false
@@ -115,6 +123,16 @@ func NewMergeChunkQuerier(primaries, secondaries []ChunkQuerier, mergeFn Vertica
 	}}
 }
 
+func filterChunkQueriers(qs []ChunkQuerier) []ChunkQuerier {
+	ret := make([]ChunkQuerier, 0, len(qs))
+	for _, q := range qs {
+		if _, ok := q.(noopChunkQuerier); !ok && q != nil {
+			ret = append(ret, q)
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
 // Select returns a set of series that matches the given label matchers.
 func (q *mergeGenericQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *SelectHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) genericSeriesSet {
 	seriesSets := make([]genericSeriesSet, 0, len(q.queriers))
diff --git a/storage/merge_test.go b/storage/merge_test.go
index 7619af3c1..b145743c8 100644
--- a/storage/merge_test.go
+++ b/storage/merge_test.go
@@ -912,9 +912,23 @@ func TestConcatenatingChunkIterator(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 type mockQuerier struct {
-	LabelQuerier
+	mtx sync.Mutex
 
-	toReturn []Series
+	toReturn []Series // Response for Select.
+
+	closed                bool
+	labelNamesCalls       int
+	labelNamesRequested   []labelNameRequest
+	sortedSeriesRequested []bool
+
+	resp     []string // Response for LabelNames and LabelValues; turned into Select response if toReturn is not supplied.
+	warnings annotations.Annotations
+	err      error
+}
+
+type labelNameRequest struct {
+	name     string
+	matchers []*labels.Matcher
 }
 
 type seriesByLabel []Series
@@ -924,13 +938,47 @@ func (a seriesByLabel) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
 func (a seriesByLabel) Less(i, j int) bool { return labels.Compare(a[i].Labels(), a[j].Labels()) < 0 }
 
 func (m *mockQuerier) Select(_ context.Context, sortSeries bool, _ *SelectHints, _ ...*labels.Matcher) SeriesSet {
-	cpy := make([]Series, len(m.toReturn))
-	copy(cpy, m.toReturn)
+	m.mtx.Lock()
+	defer m.mtx.Unlock()
+	m.sortedSeriesRequested = append(m.sortedSeriesRequested, sortSeries)
+
+	var ret []Series
+	if len(m.toReturn) > 0 {
+		ret = make([]Series, len(m.toReturn))
+		copy(ret, m.toReturn)
+	} else if len(m.resp) > 0 {
+		ret = make([]Series, 0, len(m.resp))
+		for _, l := range m.resp {
+			ret = append(ret, NewListSeries(labels.FromStrings("test", l), nil))
+		}
+	}
 	if sortSeries {
-		sort.Sort(seriesByLabel(cpy))
+		sort.Sort(seriesByLabel(ret))
 	}
 
-	return NewMockSeriesSet(cpy...)
+	return &mockSeriesSet{idx: -1, series: ret, warnings: m.warnings, err: m.err}
+}
+
+func (m *mockQuerier) LabelValues(_ context.Context, name string, hints *LabelHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	m.mtx.Lock()
+	m.labelNamesRequested = append(m.labelNamesRequested, labelNameRequest{
+		name:     name,
+		matchers: matchers,
+	})
+	m.mtx.Unlock()
+	return m.resp, m.warnings, m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockQuerier) LabelNames(context.Context, *LabelHints, ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	m.mtx.Lock()
+	m.labelNamesCalls++
+	m.mtx.Unlock()
+	return m.resp, m.warnings, m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockQuerier) Close() error {
+	m.closed = true
+	return nil
 }
 
 type mockChunkQuerier struct {
@@ -960,6 +1008,9 @@ func (m *mockChunkQuerier) Select(_ context.Context, sortSeries bool, _ *SelectH
 type mockSeriesSet struct {
 	idx    int
 	series []Series
+
+	warnings annotations.Annotations
+	err      error
 }
 
 func NewMockSeriesSet(series ...Series) SeriesSet {
@@ -970,15 +1021,18 @@ func NewMockSeriesSet(series ...Series) SeriesSet {
 }
 
 func (m *mockSeriesSet) Next() bool {
+	if m.err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
 	m.idx++
 	return m.idx < len(m.series)
 }
 
 func (m *mockSeriesSet) At() Series { return m.series[m.idx] }
 
-func (m *mockSeriesSet) Err() error { return nil }
+func (m *mockSeriesSet) Err() error { return m.err }
 
-func (m *mockSeriesSet) Warnings() annotations.Annotations { return nil }
+func (m *mockSeriesSet) Warnings() annotations.Annotations { return m.warnings }
 
 type mockChunkSeriesSet struct {
 	idx    int
@@ -1336,105 +1390,44 @@ func BenchmarkMergeSeriesSet(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 }
 
-type mockGenericQuerier struct {
-	mtx sync.Mutex
-
-	closed                bool
-	labelNamesCalls       int
-	labelNamesRequested   []labelNameRequest
-	sortedSeriesRequested []bool
-
-	resp     []string
-	warnings annotations.Annotations
-	err      error
-}
-
-type labelNameRequest struct {
-	name     string
-	matchers []*labels.Matcher
-}
-
-func (m *mockGenericQuerier) Select(_ context.Context, b bool, _ *SelectHints, _ ...*labels.Matcher) genericSeriesSet {
-	m.mtx.Lock()
-	m.sortedSeriesRequested = append(m.sortedSeriesRequested, b)
-	m.mtx.Unlock()
-	return &mockGenericSeriesSet{resp: m.resp, warnings: m.warnings, err: m.err}
-}
-
-func (m *mockGenericQuerier) LabelValues(_ context.Context, name string, hints *LabelHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
-	m.mtx.Lock()
-	m.labelNamesRequested = append(m.labelNamesRequested, labelNameRequest{
-		name:     name,
-		matchers: matchers,
-	})
-	m.mtx.Unlock()
-	return m.resp, m.warnings, m.err
-}
-
-func (m *mockGenericQuerier) LabelNames(context.Context, *LabelHints, ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
-	m.mtx.Lock()
-	m.labelNamesCalls++
-	m.mtx.Unlock()
-	return m.resp, m.warnings, m.err
-}
-
-func (m *mockGenericQuerier) Close() error {
-	m.closed = true
-	return nil
-}
-
-type mockGenericSeriesSet struct {
-	resp     []string
-	warnings annotations.Annotations
-	err      error
-
-	curr int
-}
-
-func (m *mockGenericSeriesSet) Next() bool {
-	if m.err != nil {
-		return false
+func visitMockQueriers(t *testing.T, qr Querier, f func(t *testing.T, q *mockQuerier)) int {
+	count := 0
+	switch x := qr.(type) {
+	case *mockQuerier:
+		count++
+		f(t, x)
+	case *querierAdapter:
+		count += visitMockQueriersInGenericQuerier(t, x.genericQuerier, f)
 	}
-	if m.curr >= len(m.resp) {
-		return false
+	return count
+}
+
+func visitMockQueriersInGenericQuerier(t *testing.T, g genericQuerier, f func(t *testing.T, q *mockQuerier)) int {
+	count := 0
+	switch x := g.(type) {
+	case *mergeGenericQuerier:
+		for _, q := range x.queriers {
+			count += visitMockQueriersInGenericQuerier(t, q, f)
+		}
+	case *genericQuerierAdapter:
+		// Visitor for chunkQuerier not implemented.
+		count += visitMockQueriers(t, x.q, f)
+	case *secondaryQuerier:
+		count += visitMockQueriersInGenericQuerier(t, x.genericQuerier, f)
 	}
-	m.curr++
-	return true
+	return count
 }
 
-func (m *mockGenericSeriesSet) Err() error                        { return m.err }
-func (m *mockGenericSeriesSet) Warnings() annotations.Annotations { return m.warnings }
-
-func (m *mockGenericSeriesSet) At() Labels {
-	return mockLabels(m.resp[m.curr-1])
-}
-
-type mockLabels string
-
-func (l mockLabels) Labels() labels.Labels {
-	return labels.FromStrings("test", string(l))
-}
-
-func unwrapMockGenericQuerier(t *testing.T, qr genericQuerier) *mockGenericQuerier {
-	m, ok := qr.(*mockGenericQuerier)
-	if !ok {
-		s, ok := qr.(*secondaryQuerier)
-		require.True(t, ok, "expected secondaryQuerier got something else")
-		m, ok = s.genericQuerier.(*mockGenericQuerier)
-		require.True(t, ok, "expected mockGenericQuerier got something else")
-	}
-	return m
-}
-
-func TestMergeGenericQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
+func TestMergeQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		errStorage  = errors.New("storage error")
 		warnStorage = errors.New("storage warning")
 		ctx         = context.Background()
 	)
 	for _, tcase := range []struct {
-		name     string
-		queriers []genericQuerier
+		name        string
+		primaries   []Querier
+		secondaries []Querier
 
 		expectedSelectsSeries []labels.Labels
 		expectedLabels        []string
@@ -1443,10 +1436,8 @@ func TestMergeGenericQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 		expectedErrs     [4]error
 	}{
 		{
-			// NewMergeQuerier will not create a mergeGenericQuerier
-			// with just one querier inside, but we can test it anyway.
-			name:     "one successful primary querier",
-			queriers: []genericQuerier{&mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"a", "b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil}},
+			name:      "one successful primary querier",
+			primaries: []Querier{&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"a", "b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil}},
 			expectedSelectsSeries: []labels.Labels{
 				labels.FromStrings("test", "a"),
 				labels.FromStrings("test", "b"),
@@ -1455,9 +1446,9 @@ func TestMergeGenericQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "multiple successful primary queriers",
-			queriers: []genericQuerier{
-				&mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"a", "b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
-				&mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"b", "c"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
+			primaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"a", "b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"b", "c"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
 			},
 			expectedSelectsSeries: []labels.Labels{
 				labels.FromStrings("test", "a"),
@@ -1468,15 +1459,17 @@ func TestMergeGenericQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:         "one failed primary querier",
-			queriers:     []genericQuerier{&mockGenericQuerier{warnings: nil, err: errStorage}},
+			primaries:    []Querier{&mockQuerier{warnings: nil, err: errStorage}},
 			expectedErrs: [4]error{errStorage, errStorage, errStorage, errStorage},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "one successful primary querier with successful secondaries",
-			queriers: []genericQuerier{
-				&mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"a", "b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
-				&secondaryQuerier{genericQuerier: &mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil}},
-				&secondaryQuerier{genericQuerier: &mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"c"}, warnings: nil, err: nil}},
+			primaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"a", "b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
+			},
+			secondaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"c"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
 			},
 			expectedSelectsSeries: []labels.Labels{
 				labels.FromStrings("test", "a"),
@@ -1487,10 +1480,12 @@ func TestMergeGenericQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "one successful primary querier with empty response and successful secondaries",
-			queriers: []genericQuerier{
-				&mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
-				&secondaryQuerier{genericQuerier: &mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil}},
-				&secondaryQuerier{genericQuerier: &mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"c"}, warnings: nil, err: nil}},
+			primaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
+			},
+			secondaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"c"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
 			},
 			expectedSelectsSeries: []labels.Labels{
 				labels.FromStrings("test", "b"),
@@ -1500,19 +1495,42 @@ func TestMergeGenericQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "one failed primary querier with successful secondaries",
-			queriers: []genericQuerier{
-				&mockGenericQuerier{warnings: nil, err: errStorage},
-				&secondaryQuerier{genericQuerier: &mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil}},
-				&secondaryQuerier{genericQuerier: &mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"c"}, warnings: nil, err: nil}},
+			primaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{warnings: nil, err: errStorage},
+			},
+			secondaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"c"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
 			},
 			expectedErrs: [4]error{errStorage, errStorage, errStorage, errStorage},
 		},
+		{
+			name:      "nil primary querier with failed secondary",
+			primaries: nil,
+			secondaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: nil, err: errStorage},
+			},
+			expectedLabels:   []string{},
+			expectedWarnings: annotations.New().Add(errStorage),
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "nil primary querier with two failed secondaries",
+			primaries: nil,
+			secondaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: nil, err: errStorage},
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"c"}, warnings: nil, err: errStorage},
+			},
+			expectedLabels:   []string{},
+			expectedWarnings: annotations.New().Add(errStorage),
+		},
 		{
 			name: "one successful primary querier with failed secondaries",
-			queriers: []genericQuerier{
-				&mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"a"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
-				&secondaryQuerier{genericQuerier: &mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: nil, err: errStorage}},
-				&secondaryQuerier{genericQuerier: &mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"c"}, warnings: nil, err: errStorage}},
+			primaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"a"}, warnings: nil, err: nil},
+			},
+			secondaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: nil, err: errStorage},
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"c"}, warnings: nil, err: errStorage},
 			},
 			expectedSelectsSeries: []labels.Labels{
 				labels.FromStrings("test", "a"),
@@ -1522,9 +1540,11 @@ func TestMergeGenericQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "successful queriers with warnings",
-			queriers: []genericQuerier{
-				&mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"a"}, warnings: annotations.New().Add(warnStorage), err: nil},
-				&secondaryQuerier{genericQuerier: &mockGenericQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: annotations.New().Add(warnStorage), err: nil}},
+			primaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"a"}, warnings: annotations.New().Add(warnStorage), err: nil},
+			},
+			secondaries: []Querier{
+				&mockQuerier{resp: []string{"b"}, warnings: annotations.New().Add(warnStorage), err: nil},
 			},
 			expectedSelectsSeries: []labels.Labels{
 				labels.FromStrings("test", "a"),
@@ -1535,10 +1555,7 @@ func TestMergeGenericQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			q := &mergeGenericQuerier{
-				queriers: tcase.queriers,
-				mergeFn:  func(l ...Labels) Labels { return l[0] },
-			}
+			q := NewMergeQuerier(tcase.primaries, tcase.secondaries, func(s ...Series) Series { return s[0] })
 
 			t.Run("Select", func(t *testing.T) {
 				res := q.Select(context.Background(), false, nil)
@@ -1551,65 +1568,70 @@ func TestMergeGenericQuerierWithSecondaries_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
 				require.ErrorIs(t, res.Err(), tcase.expectedErrs[0], "expected error doesn't match")
 				require.Equal(t, tcase.expectedSelectsSeries, lbls)
 
-				for _, qr := range q.queriers {
-					m := unwrapMockGenericQuerier(t, qr)
-					// mergeGenericQuerier forces all Selects to be sorted.
-					require.Equal(t, []bool{true}, m.sortedSeriesRequested)
-				}
+				n := visitMockQueriers(t, q, func(t *testing.T, m *mockQuerier) {
+					// Single queries should be unsorted; merged queries sorted.
+					exp := len(tcase.primaries)+len(tcase.secondaries) > 1
+					require.Equal(t, []bool{exp}, m.sortedSeriesRequested)
+				})
+				// Check we visited all queriers.
+				require.Equal(t, len(tcase.primaries)+len(tcase.secondaries), n)
 			})
 			t.Run("LabelNames", func(t *testing.T) {
 				res, w, err := q.LabelNames(ctx, nil)
 				require.Subset(t, tcase.expectedWarnings, w)
 				require.ErrorIs(t, err, tcase.expectedErrs[1], "expected error doesn't match")
-				require.Equal(t, tcase.expectedLabels, res)
+				requireEqualSlice(t, tcase.expectedLabels, res)
 
 				if err != nil {
 					return
 				}
-				for _, qr := range q.queriers {
-					m := unwrapMockGenericQuerier(t, qr)
-
+				visitMockQueriers(t, q, func(t *testing.T, m *mockQuerier) {
 					require.Equal(t, 1, m.labelNamesCalls)
-				}
+				})
 			})
 			t.Run("LabelValues", func(t *testing.T) {
 				res, w, err := q.LabelValues(ctx, "test", nil)
 				require.Subset(t, tcase.expectedWarnings, w)
 				require.ErrorIs(t, err, tcase.expectedErrs[2], "expected error doesn't match")
-				require.Equal(t, tcase.expectedLabels, res)
+				requireEqualSlice(t, tcase.expectedLabels, res)
 
 				if err != nil {
 					return
 				}
-				for _, qr := range q.queriers {
-					m := unwrapMockGenericQuerier(t, qr)
-
+				visitMockQueriers(t, q, func(t *testing.T, m *mockQuerier) {
 					require.Equal(t, []labelNameRequest{{name: "test"}}, m.labelNamesRequested)
-				}
+				})
 			})
 			t.Run("LabelValuesWithMatchers", func(t *testing.T) {
 				matcher := labels.MustNewMatcher(labels.MatchEqual, "otherLabel", "someValue")
 				res, w, err := q.LabelValues(ctx, "test2", nil, matcher)
 				require.Subset(t, tcase.expectedWarnings, w)
 				require.ErrorIs(t, err, tcase.expectedErrs[3], "expected error doesn't match")
-				require.Equal(t, tcase.expectedLabels, res)
+				requireEqualSlice(t, tcase.expectedLabels, res)
 
 				if err != nil {
 					return
 				}
-				for _, qr := range q.queriers {
-					m := unwrapMockGenericQuerier(t, qr)
-
+				visitMockQueriers(t, q, func(t *testing.T, m *mockQuerier) {
 					require.Equal(t, []labelNameRequest{
 						{name: "test"},
 						{name: "test2", matchers: []*labels.Matcher{matcher}},
 					}, m.labelNamesRequested)
-				}
+				})
 			})
 		})
 	}
 }
 
+// Check slice but ignore difference between nil and empty.
+func requireEqualSlice[T any](t require.TestingT, a, b []T, msgAndArgs ...interface{}) {
+	if len(a) == 0 {
+		require.Empty(t, b, msgAndArgs...)
+	} else {
+		require.Equal(t, a, b, msgAndArgs...)
+	}
+}
+
 type errIterator struct {
 	err error
 }

From 03963b9ba059af04a50f869578519ff159bf2b14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2024 10:11:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 019/180] Merge pull request #14515 from
 prometheus/revert-13777-remoteread2 (#14524)

Revert "Chunked remote read: close the querier earlier"

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 storage/remote/read_handler.go | 53 ++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/storage/remote/read_handler.go b/storage/remote/read_handler.go
index 2a00ce897..ffc64c9c3 100644
--- a/storage/remote/read_handler.go
+++ b/storage/remote/read_handler.go
@@ -202,16 +202,34 @@ func (h *readHandler) remoteReadStreamedXORChunks(ctx context.Context, w http.Re
 				return err
 			}
 
-			chunks := h.getChunkSeriesSet(ctx, query, filteredMatchers)
-			if err := chunks.Err(); err != nil {
+			querier, err := h.queryable.ChunkQuerier(query.StartTimestampMs, query.EndTimestampMs)
+			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+			defer func() {
+				if err := querier.Close(); err != nil {
+					level.Warn(h.logger).Log("msg", "Error on chunk querier close", "err", err.Error())
+				}
+			}()
+
+			var hints *storage.SelectHints
+			if query.Hints != nil {
+				hints = &storage.SelectHints{
+					Start:    query.Hints.StartMs,
+					End:      query.Hints.EndMs,
+					Step:     query.Hints.StepMs,
+					Func:     query.Hints.Func,
+					Grouping: query.Hints.Grouping,
+					Range:    query.Hints.RangeMs,
+					By:       query.Hints.By,
+				}
+			}
 
 			ws, err := StreamChunkedReadResponses(
 				NewChunkedWriter(w, f),
 				int64(i),
 				// The streaming API has to provide the series sorted.
-				chunks,
+				querier.Select(ctx, true, hints, filteredMatchers...),
 				sortedExternalLabels,
 				h.remoteReadMaxBytesInFrame,
 				h.marshalPool,
@@ -236,35 +254,6 @@ func (h *readHandler) remoteReadStreamedXORChunks(ctx context.Context, w http.Re
 	}
 }
 
-// getChunkSeriesSet executes a query to retrieve a ChunkSeriesSet,
-// encapsulating the operation in its own function to ensure timely release of
-// the querier resources.
-func (h *readHandler) getChunkSeriesSet(ctx context.Context, query *prompb.Query, filteredMatchers []*labels.Matcher) storage.ChunkSeriesSet {
-	querier, err := h.queryable.ChunkQuerier(query.StartTimestampMs, query.EndTimestampMs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return storage.ErrChunkSeriesSet(err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := querier.Close(); err != nil {
-			level.Warn(h.logger).Log("msg", "Error on chunk querier close", "err", err.Error())
-		}
-	}()
-
-	var hints *storage.SelectHints
-	if query.Hints != nil {
-		hints = &storage.SelectHints{
-			Start:    query.Hints.StartMs,
-			End:      query.Hints.EndMs,
-			Step:     query.Hints.StepMs,
-			Func:     query.Hints.Func,
-			Grouping: query.Hints.Grouping,
-			Range:    query.Hints.RangeMs,
-			By:       query.Hints.By,
-		}
-	}
-	return querier.Select(ctx, true, hints, filteredMatchers...)
-}
-
 // filterExtLabelsFromMatchers change equality matchers which match external labels
 // to a matcher that looks for an empty label,
 // as that label should not be present in the storage.

From 2898d5d715738776bf8dd31d424a9b297380a2f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2024 10:15:23 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 020/180] Add #14515 to CHANGELOG

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 CHANGELOG.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 02ffc5e4b..115055d12 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ Remote-write v2 is enabled by default, but can be disabled via feature-flag `web
 * [BUGFIX] Remote-Write: Fix data corruption in remote write if max_sample_age is applied. #14078
 * [BUGFIX] Notifier: Fix Alertmanager discovery not updating under heavy load. #14174
 * [BUGFIX] Regexes: some Unicode characters were not matched by case-insensitive comparison. #14170,#14299
+* [BUGFIX] Remote-Read: Resolve occasional segmentation fault on query. #14515
 
 ## 2.53.1 / 2024-07-10
 

From 00ab05c3b900353fb40a0b2c495ec6b55dba02bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: George Krajcsovits <krajorama@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 09:22:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 021/180] Native histograms: fix spurios counter reset when
 merging recoded chunk to normal chunk (#14513)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

* chunkenc: allow missing empty buckets on histogram append

Allow appending to chunks when the histogram to be added is missing
some buckets, but the missing buckets are empty in the chunk.
For example bucket at index 5 is present in the chunk, but its value
is 0 and the new histogram doesn't have a bucket at index 5.

This fixes an issue of merging chunks where one chunk was recoded to
retroactively have some empty buckets in all the histograms and we are
merging in a histogram that doesn't have the empty bucket (because it
was not recoded yet).

The operation alters the histogram that is being added, however this has
already been the case when appending gauge histograms. Thus the test
TestHistogramSeriesToChunks in storage package is changed to explicitly
test what happened to the appended histogram - Compact(0) call is removed.

The new expandIntSpansAndBuckets and expandFloatSpansAndBuckets functions
are a merge of expandSpansForward and counterResetInAnyBucket and
counterResetInAnyFloatBucket.

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 storage/series_test.go                | 183 +++++++++++++++-
 tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go      | 304 ++++++++++++++++++-------
 tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go | 106 +++++++--
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go            | 305 ++++++++++++++++++--------
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go       |  15 +-
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go       | 154 +++++++++++--
 6 files changed, 852 insertions(+), 215 deletions(-)

diff --git a/storage/series_test.go b/storage/series_test.go
index 6995468b4..51886f409 100644
--- a/storage/series_test.go
+++ b/storage/series_test.go
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ func TestChunkSeriesSetToSeriesSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 type histogramTest struct {
 	samples                     []chunks.Sample
+	expectedSamples             []chunks.Sample
 	expectedCounterResetHeaders []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader
 }
 
@@ -141,6 +142,32 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		PositiveBuckets: []int64{2, 1}, // Abs: 2, 3
 	}
+	// h1 but with an extra empty bucket at offset -10.
+	// This can happen if h1 is from a recoded chunk, where a later histogram had a bucket at offset -10.
+	h1ExtraBuckets := &histogram.Histogram{
+		Count:         7,
+		ZeroCount:     2,
+		ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
+		Sum:           100,
+		Schema:        0,
+		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: -10, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 9, Length: 2},
+		},
+		PositiveBuckets: []int64{0, 2, 1}, // Abs: 0, 2, 3
+	}
+	h1Recoded := &histogram.Histogram{
+		Count:         7,
+		ZeroCount:     2,
+		ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
+		Sum:           100,
+		Schema:        0,
+		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 2},
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 2},
+		},
+		PositiveBuckets: []int64{2, 1, -3, 0}, // Abs: 2, 3, 0, 0
+	}
 	// Appendable to h1.
 	h2 := &histogram.Histogram{
 		Count:         12,
@@ -179,6 +206,32 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		PositiveBuckets: []float64{3, 1},
 	}
+	// fh1 but with an extra empty bucket at offset -10.
+	// This can happen if fh1 is from a recoded chunk, where a later histogram had a bucket at offset -10.
+	fh1ExtraBuckets := &histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		Count:         6,
+		ZeroCount:     2,
+		ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
+		Sum:           100,
+		Schema:        0,
+		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: -10, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 9, Length: 2},
+		},
+		PositiveBuckets: []float64{0, 3, 1},
+	}
+	fh1Recoded := &histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		Count:         6,
+		ZeroCount:     2,
+		ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
+		Sum:           100,
+		Schema:        0,
+		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 2},
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 2},
+		},
+		PositiveBuckets: []float64{3, 1, 0, 0},
+	}
 	// Appendable to fh1.
 	fh2 := &histogram.FloatHistogram{
 		Count:         17,
@@ -219,6 +272,20 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		PositiveBuckets: []int64{2, 1}, // Abs: 2, 3
 	}
+	// gh1 recoded to add extra empty buckets at end.
+	gh1Recoded := &histogram.Histogram{
+		CounterResetHint: histogram.GaugeType,
+		Count:            7,
+		ZeroCount:        2,
+		ZeroThreshold:    0.001,
+		Sum:              100,
+		Schema:           0,
+		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 2},
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 2},
+		},
+		PositiveBuckets: []int64{2, 1, -3, 0}, // Abs: 2, 3, 0, 0
+	}
 	gh2 := &histogram.Histogram{
 		CounterResetHint: histogram.GaugeType,
 		Count:            12,
@@ -246,6 +313,20 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		PositiveBuckets: []float64{3, 1},
 	}
+	// gfh1 recoded to add an extra empty buckets at end.
+	gfh1Recoded := &histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		CounterResetHint: histogram.GaugeType,
+		Count:            6,
+		ZeroCount:        2,
+		ZeroThreshold:    0.001,
+		Sum:              100,
+		Schema:           0,
+		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 2},
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 2},
+		},
+		PositiveBuckets: []float64{3, 1, 0, 0},
+	}
 	gfh2 := &histogram.FloatHistogram{
 		CounterResetHint: histogram.GaugeType,
 		Count:            17,
@@ -272,6 +353,9 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 			samples: []chunks.Sample{
 				hSample{t: 1, h: h1},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: h1},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
 		},
 		"two histograms encoded to a single chunk": {
@@ -279,6 +363,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				hSample{t: 1, h: h1},
 				hSample{t: 2, h: h2},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: h1Recoded},
+				hSample{t: 2, h: h2},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
 		},
 		"two histograms encoded to two chunks": {
@@ -286,6 +374,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				hSample{t: 1, h: h2},
 				hSample{t: 2, h: h1},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: h2},
+				hSample{t: 2, h: h1},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset, chunkenc.CounterReset},
 		},
 		"histogram and stale sample encoded to two chunks": {
@@ -293,6 +385,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				hSample{t: 1, h: staleHistogram},
 				hSample{t: 2, h: h1},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: staleHistogram},
+				hSample{t: 2, h: h1},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset, chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
 		},
 		"histogram and reduction in bucket encoded to two chunks": {
@@ -300,6 +396,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				hSample{t: 1, h: h1},
 				hSample{t: 2, h: h2down},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: h1},
+				hSample{t: 2, h: h2down},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset, chunkenc.CounterReset},
 		},
 		// Float histograms.
@@ -307,6 +407,9 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 			samples: []chunks.Sample{
 				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh1},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh1},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
 		},
 		"two float histograms encoded to a single chunk": {
@@ -314,6 +417,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh1},
 				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh2},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh1Recoded},
+				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh2},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
 		},
 		"two float histograms encoded to two chunks": {
@@ -321,6 +428,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh2},
 				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh1},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh2},
+				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh1},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset, chunkenc.CounterReset},
 		},
 		"float histogram and stale sample encoded to two chunks": {
@@ -328,6 +439,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				fhSample{t: 1, fh: staleFloatHistogram},
 				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh1},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: staleFloatHistogram},
+				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh1},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset, chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
 		},
 		"float histogram and reduction in bucket encoded to two chunks": {
@@ -335,6 +450,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh1},
 				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh2down},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh1},
+				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh2down},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset, chunkenc.CounterReset},
 		},
 		// Mixed.
@@ -343,6 +462,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				hSample{t: 1, h: h1},
 				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh2},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: h1},
+				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh2},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset, chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
 		},
 		"float histogram and histogram encoded to two chunks": {
@@ -350,6 +473,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh1},
 				hSample{t: 2, h: h2},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh1},
+				hSample{t: 2, h: h2},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset, chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
 		},
 		"histogram and stale float histogram encoded to two chunks": {
@@ -357,12 +484,19 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				hSample{t: 1, h: h1},
 				fhSample{t: 2, fh: staleFloatHistogram},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: h1},
+				fhSample{t: 2, fh: staleFloatHistogram},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset, chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
 		},
 		"single gauge histogram encoded to one chunk": {
 			samples: []chunks.Sample{
 				hSample{t: 1, h: gh1},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: gh1},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.GaugeType},
 		},
 		"two gauge histograms encoded to one chunk when counter increases": {
@@ -370,6 +504,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				hSample{t: 1, h: gh1},
 				hSample{t: 2, h: gh2},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: gh1Recoded},
+				hSample{t: 2, h: gh2},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.GaugeType},
 		},
 		"two gauge histograms encoded to one chunk when counter decreases": {
@@ -377,12 +515,19 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				hSample{t: 1, h: gh2},
 				hSample{t: 2, h: gh1},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: gh2},
+				hSample{t: 2, h: gh1Recoded},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.GaugeType},
 		},
 		"single gauge float histogram encoded to one chunk": {
 			samples: []chunks.Sample{
 				fhSample{t: 1, fh: gfh1},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: gfh1},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.GaugeType},
 		},
 		"two float gauge histograms encoded to one chunk when counter increases": {
@@ -390,6 +535,10 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				fhSample{t: 1, fh: gfh1},
 				fhSample{t: 2, fh: gfh2},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: gfh1Recoded},
+				fhSample{t: 2, fh: gfh2},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.GaugeType},
 		},
 		"two float gauge histograms encoded to one chunk when counter decreases": {
@@ -397,8 +546,34 @@ func TestHistogramSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T) {
 				fhSample{t: 1, fh: gfh2},
 				fhSample{t: 2, fh: gfh1},
 			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: gfh2},
+				fhSample{t: 2, fh: gfh1Recoded},
+			},
 			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.GaugeType},
 		},
+		"histogram with extra empty bucket followed by histogram encodes to one chunk": {
+			samples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: h1ExtraBuckets},
+				hSample{t: 2, h: h1},
+			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				hSample{t: 1, h: h1ExtraBuckets},
+				hSample{t: 2, h: h1ExtraBuckets}, // Recoded to add the missing buckets.
+			},
+			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
+		},
+		"float histogram with extra empty bucket followed by float histogram encodes to one chunk": {
+			samples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh1ExtraBuckets},
+				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh1},
+			},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				fhSample{t: 1, fh: fh1ExtraBuckets},
+				fhSample{t: 2, fh: fh1ExtraBuckets}, // Recoded to add the missing buckets.
+			},
+			expectedCounterResetHeaders: []chunkenc.CounterResetHeader{chunkenc.UnknownCounterReset},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for testName, test := range tests {
@@ -431,9 +606,9 @@ func testHistogramsSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T, test histogramTest) {
 
 	// Decode all encoded samples and assert they are equal to the original ones.
 	encodedSamples := chunks.ChunkMetasToSamples(chks)
-	require.Equal(t, len(test.samples), len(encodedSamples))
+	require.Equal(t, len(test.expectedSamples), len(encodedSamples))
 
-	for i, s := range test.samples {
+	for i, s := range test.expectedSamples {
 		encodedSample := encodedSamples[i]
 		switch expectedSample := s.(type) {
 		case hSample:
@@ -447,7 +622,7 @@ func testHistogramsSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T, test histogramTest) {
 				require.True(t, value.IsStaleNaN(h.Sum), fmt.Sprintf("at idx %d", i))
 				continue
 			}
-			require.Equal(t, *expectedSample.h, *h.Compact(0), fmt.Sprintf("at idx %d", i))
+			require.Equal(t, *expectedSample.h, *h, fmt.Sprintf("at idx %d", i))
 		case fhSample:
 			require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloatHistogram, encodedSample.Type(), "expect float histogram", fmt.Sprintf("at idx %d", i))
 			fh := encodedSample.FH()
@@ -459,7 +634,7 @@ func testHistogramsSeriesToChunks(t *testing.T, test histogramTest) {
 				require.True(t, value.IsStaleNaN(fh.Sum), fmt.Sprintf("at idx %d", i))
 				continue
 			}
-			require.Equal(t, *expectedSample.fh, *fh.Compact(0), fmt.Sprintf("at idx %d", i))
+			require.Equal(t, *expectedSample.fh, *fh, fmt.Sprintf("at idx %d", i))
 		default:
 			t.Error("internal error, unexpected type")
 		}
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
index a7c1fffb1..cc35df5ba 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
@@ -219,16 +219,25 @@ func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) Append(int64, float64) {
 }
 
 // appendable returns whether the chunk can be appended to, and if so whether
-// any recoding needs to happen using the provided inserts (in case of any new
-// buckets, positive or negative range, respectively). If the sample is a gauge
-// histogram, AppendableGauge must be used instead.
+//  1. Any recoding needs to happen to the chunk using the provided forward
+//     inserts (in case of any new buckets, positive or negative range,
+//     respectively).
+//  2. Any recoding needs to happen for the histogram being appended, using the
+//     backward inserts (in case of any missing buckets, positive or negative
+//     range, respectively).
+//
+// If the sample is a gauge histogram, AppendableGauge must be used instead.
 //
 // The chunk is not appendable in the following cases:
+//
 //   - The schema has changed.
 //   - The custom bounds have changed if the current schema is custom buckets.
 //   - The threshold for the zero bucket has changed.
-//   - Any buckets have disappeared.
-//   - There was a counter reset in the count of observations or in any bucket, including the zero bucket.
+//   - Any buckets have disappeared, unless the bucket count was 0, unused.
+//     Empty bucket can happen if the chunk was recoded and we're merging a non
+//     recoded histogram. In this case backward inserts will be provided.
+//   - There was a counter reset in the count of observations or in any bucket,
+//     including the zero bucket.
 //   - The last sample in the chunk was stale while the current sample is not stale.
 //
 // The method returns an additional boolean set to true if it is not appendable
@@ -236,6 +245,7 @@ func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) Append(int64, float64) {
 // append. If counterReset is true, okToAppend is always false.
 func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) appendable(h *histogram.FloatHistogram) (
 	positiveInserts, negativeInserts []Insert,
+	backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts []Insert,
 	okToAppend, counterReset bool,
 ) {
 	if a.NumSamples() > 0 && a.GetCounterResetHeader() == GaugeType {
@@ -279,27 +289,214 @@ func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) appendable(h *histogram.FloatHistogram) (
 	}
 
 	var ok bool
-	positiveInserts, ok = expandSpansForward(a.pSpans, h.PositiveSpans)
+	positiveInserts, backwardPositiveInserts, ok = expandFloatSpansAndBuckets(a.pSpans, h.PositiveSpans, a.pBuckets, h.PositiveBuckets)
 	if !ok {
 		counterReset = true
 		return
 	}
-	negativeInserts, ok = expandSpansForward(a.nSpans, h.NegativeSpans)
+	negativeInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok = expandFloatSpansAndBuckets(a.nSpans, h.NegativeSpans, a.nBuckets, h.NegativeBuckets)
 	if !ok {
 		counterReset = true
 		return
 	}
 
-	if counterResetInAnyFloatBucket(a.pBuckets, h.PositiveBuckets, a.pSpans, h.PositiveSpans) ||
-		counterResetInAnyFloatBucket(a.nBuckets, h.NegativeBuckets, a.nSpans, h.NegativeSpans) {
-		counterReset, positiveInserts, negativeInserts = true, nil, nil
-		return
-	}
-
 	okToAppend = true
 	return
 }
 
+// expandFloatSpansAndBuckets returns the inserts to expand the bucket spans 'a' so that
+// they match the spans in 'b'. 'b' must cover the same or more buckets than
+// 'a', otherwise the function will return false.
+// The function also returns the inserts to expand 'b' to also cover all the
+// buckets that are missing in 'b', but are present with 0 counter value in 'a'.
+// The function also checks for counter resets between 'a' and 'b'.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+// Let's say the old buckets look like this:
+//
+//	span syntax: [offset, length]
+//	spans      : [ 0 , 2 ]               [2,1]                   [ 3 , 2 ]                     [3,1]       [1,1]
+//	bucket idx : [0]   [1]    2     3    [4]    5     6     7    [8]   [9]    10    11    12   [13]   14   [15]
+//	raw values    6     3                 3                       2     4                       5           1
+//	deltas        6    -3                 0                      -1     2                       1          -4
+//
+// But now we introduce a new bucket layout. (Carefully chosen example where we
+// have a span appended, one unchanged[*], one prepended, and two merge - in
+// that order.)
+//
+// [*] unchanged in terms of which bucket indices they represent. but to achieve
+// that, their offset needs to change if "disrupted" by spans changing ahead of
+// them
+//
+//	                                      \/ this one is "unchanged"
+//	spans      : [  0  ,  3    ]         [1,1]       [    1    ,   4     ]                     [  3  ,   3    ]
+//	bucket idx : [0]   [1]   [2]    3    [4]    5    [6]   [7]   [8]   [9]    10    11    12   [13]  [14]  [15]
+//	raw values    6     3     0           3           0     0     2     4                       5     0     1
+//	deltas        6    -3    -3           3          -3     0     2     2                       1    -5     1
+//	delta mods:                          / \                     / \                                       / \
+//
+// Note for histograms with delta-encoded buckets: Whenever any new buckets are
+// introduced, the subsequent "old" bucket needs to readjust its delta to the
+// new base of 0. Thus, for the caller who wants to transform the set of
+// original deltas to a new set of deltas to match a new span layout that adds
+// buckets, we simply need to generate a list of inserts.
+//
+// Note: Within expandSpansForward we don't have to worry about the changes to the
+// spans themselves, thanks to the iterators we get to work with the more useful
+// bucket indices (which of course directly correspond to the buckets we have to
+// adjust).
+func expandFloatSpansAndBuckets(a, b []histogram.Span, aBuckets []xorValue, bBuckets []float64) (forward, backward []Insert, ok bool) {
+	ai := newBucketIterator(a)
+	bi := newBucketIterator(b)
+
+	var aInserts []Insert // To insert into buckets of a, to make up for missing buckets in b.
+	var bInserts []Insert // To insert into buckets of b, to make up for missing empty(!) buckets in a.
+
+	// When aInter.num or bInter.num becomes > 0, this becomes a valid insert that should
+	// be yielded when we finish a streak of new buckets.
+	var aInter Insert
+	var bInter Insert
+
+	aIdx, aOK := ai.Next()
+	bIdx, bOK := bi.Next()
+
+	// Bucket count. Initialize the absolute count and index into the
+	// positive/negative counts or deltas array. The bucket count is
+	// used to detect counter reset as well as unused buckets in a.
+	var (
+		aCount    float64
+		bCount    float64
+		aCountIdx int
+		bCountIdx int
+	)
+	if aOK {
+		aCount = aBuckets[aCountIdx].value
+	}
+	if bOK {
+		bCount = bBuckets[bCountIdx]
+	}
+
+loop:
+	for {
+		switch {
+		case aOK && bOK:
+			switch {
+			case aIdx == bIdx: // Both have an identical bucket index.
+				// Bucket count. Check bucket for reset from a to b.
+				if aCount > bCount {
+					return nil, nil, false
+				}
+
+				// Finish WIP insert for a and reset.
+				if aInter.num > 0 {
+					aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
+					aInter.num = 0
+				}
+
+				// Finish WIP insert for b and reset.
+				if bInter.num > 0 {
+					bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
+					bInter.num = 0
+				}
+
+				aIdx, aOK = ai.Next()
+				bIdx, bOK = bi.Next()
+				aInter.pos++ // Advance potential insert position.
+				aCountIdx++  // Advance absolute bucket count index for a.
+				if aOK {
+					aCount = aBuckets[aCountIdx].value
+				}
+				bInter.pos++ // Advance potential insert position.
+				bCountIdx++  // Advance absolute bucket count index for b.
+				if bOK {
+					bCount = bBuckets[bCountIdx]
+				}
+
+				continue
+			case aIdx < bIdx: // b misses a bucket index that is in a.
+				// This is ok if the count in a is 0, in which case we make a note to
+				// fill in the bucket in b and advance a.
+				if aCount == 0 {
+					bInter.num++ // Mark that we need to insert a bucket in b.
+					// Advance a
+					if aInter.num > 0 {
+						aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
+						aInter.num = 0
+					}
+					aIdx, aOK = ai.Next()
+					aInter.pos++
+					aCountIdx++
+					if aOK {
+						aCount = aBuckets[aCountIdx].value
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+				// Otherwise we are missing a bucket that was in use in a, which is a reset.
+				return nil, nil, false
+			case aIdx > bIdx: // a misses a value that is in b. Forward b and recompare.
+				aInter.num++
+				// Advance b
+				if bInter.num > 0 {
+					bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
+					bInter.num = 0
+				}
+				bIdx, bOK = bi.Next()
+				bInter.pos++
+				bCountIdx++
+				if bOK {
+					bCount = bBuckets[bCountIdx]
+				}
+			}
+		case aOK && !bOK: // b misses a value that is in a.
+			// This is ok if the count in a is 0, in which case we make a note to
+			// fill in the bucket in b and advance a.
+			if aCount == 0 {
+				bInter.num++
+				// Advance a
+				if aInter.num > 0 {
+					aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
+					aInter.num = 0
+				}
+				aIdx, aOK = ai.Next()
+				aInter.pos++ // Advance potential insert position.
+				// Update absolute bucket counts for a.
+				aCountIdx++
+				if aOK {
+					aCount = aBuckets[aCountIdx].value
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			// Otherwise we are missing a bucket that was in use in a, which is a reset.
+			return nil, nil, false
+		case !aOK && bOK: // a misses a value that is in b. Forward b and recompare.
+			aInter.num++
+			// Advance b
+			if bInter.num > 0 {
+				bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
+				bInter.num = 0
+			}
+			bIdx, bOK = bi.Next()
+			bInter.pos++ // Advance potential insert position.
+			// Update absolute bucket counts for b.
+			bCountIdx++
+			if bOK {
+				bCount = bBuckets[bCountIdx]
+			}
+		default: // Both iterators ran out. We're done.
+			if aInter.num > 0 {
+				aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
+			}
+			if bInter.num > 0 {
+				bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
+			}
+			break loop
+		}
+	}
+
+	return aInserts, bInserts, true
+}
+
 // appendableGauge returns whether the chunk can be appended to, and if so
 // whether:
 //  1. Any recoding needs to happen to the chunk using the provided inserts
@@ -349,76 +546,6 @@ func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) appendableGauge(h *histogram.FloatHistogram) (
 	return
 }
 
-// counterResetInAnyFloatBucket returns true if there was a counter reset for any
-// bucket. This should be called only when the bucket layout is the same or new
-// buckets were added. It does not handle the case of buckets missing.
-func counterResetInAnyFloatBucket(oldBuckets []xorValue, newBuckets []float64, oldSpans, newSpans []histogram.Span) bool {
-	if len(oldSpans) == 0 || len(oldBuckets) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	var (
-		oldSpanSliceIdx, newSpanSliceIdx     int    = -1, -1 // Index for the span slices. Starts at -1 to indicate that the first non empty span is not yet found.
-		oldInsideSpanIdx, newInsideSpanIdx   uint32          // Index inside a span.
-		oldIdx, newIdx                       int32           // Index inside a bucket slice.
-		oldBucketSliceIdx, newBucketSliceIdx int             // Index inside bucket slice.
-	)
-
-	// Find first non empty spans.
-	oldSpanSliceIdx, oldIdx = nextNonEmptySpanSliceIdx(oldSpanSliceIdx, oldIdx, oldSpans)
-	newSpanSliceIdx, newIdx = nextNonEmptySpanSliceIdx(newSpanSliceIdx, newIdx, newSpans)
-	oldVal, newVal := oldBuckets[0].value, newBuckets[0]
-
-	// Since we assume that new spans won't have missing buckets, there will never be a case
-	// where the old index will not find a matching new index.
-	for {
-		if oldIdx == newIdx {
-			if newVal < oldVal {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-
-		if oldIdx <= newIdx {
-			// Moving ahead old bucket and span by 1 index.
-			if oldInsideSpanIdx+1 >= oldSpans[oldSpanSliceIdx].Length {
-				// Current span is over.
-				oldSpanSliceIdx, oldIdx = nextNonEmptySpanSliceIdx(oldSpanSliceIdx, oldIdx, oldSpans)
-				oldInsideSpanIdx = 0
-				if oldSpanSliceIdx >= len(oldSpans) {
-					// All old spans are over.
-					break
-				}
-			} else {
-				oldInsideSpanIdx++
-				oldIdx++
-			}
-			oldBucketSliceIdx++
-			oldVal = oldBuckets[oldBucketSliceIdx].value
-		}
-
-		if oldIdx > newIdx {
-			// Moving ahead new bucket and span by 1 index.
-			if newInsideSpanIdx+1 >= newSpans[newSpanSliceIdx].Length {
-				// Current span is over.
-				newSpanSliceIdx, newIdx = nextNonEmptySpanSliceIdx(newSpanSliceIdx, newIdx, newSpans)
-				newInsideSpanIdx = 0
-				if newSpanSliceIdx >= len(newSpans) {
-					// All new spans are over.
-					// This should not happen, old spans above should catch this first.
-					panic("new spans over before old spans in counterReset")
-				}
-			} else {
-				newInsideSpanIdx++
-				newIdx++
-			}
-			newBucketSliceIdx++
-			newVal = newBuckets[newBucketSliceIdx]
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
 // appendFloatHistogram appends a float histogram to the chunk. The caller must ensure that
 // the histogram is properly structured, e.g. the number of buckets used
 // corresponds to the number conveyed by the span structures. First call
@@ -614,7 +741,7 @@ func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) AppendFloatHistogram(prev *FloatHistogramAppend
 			a.setCounterResetHeader(CounterReset)
 		case prev != nil:
 			// This is a new chunk, but continued from a previous one. We need to calculate the reset header unless already set.
-			_, _, _, counterReset := prev.appendable(h)
+			_, _, _, _, _, counterReset := prev.appendable(h)
 			if counterReset {
 				a.setCounterResetHeader(CounterReset)
 			} else {
@@ -626,7 +753,7 @@ func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) AppendFloatHistogram(prev *FloatHistogramAppend
 
 	// Adding counter-like histogram.
 	if h.CounterResetHint != histogram.GaugeType {
-		pForwardInserts, nForwardInserts, okToAppend, counterReset := a.appendable(h)
+		pForwardInserts, nForwardInserts, pBackwardInserts, nBackwardInserts, okToAppend, counterReset := a.appendable(h)
 		if !okToAppend || counterReset {
 			if appendOnly {
 				if counterReset {
@@ -657,6 +784,13 @@ func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) AppendFloatHistogram(prev *FloatHistogramAppend
 			app.(*FloatHistogramAppender).appendFloatHistogram(t, h)
 			return chk, true, app, nil
 		}
+		if len(pBackwardInserts) > 0 || len(nBackwardInserts) > 0 {
+			// The histogram needs to be expanded to have the extra empty buckets
+			// of the chunk.
+			h.PositiveSpans = a.pSpans
+			h.NegativeSpans = a.nSpans
+			a.recodeHistogram(h, pBackwardInserts, nBackwardInserts)
+		}
 		a.appendFloatHistogram(t, h)
 		return nil, false, a, nil
 	}
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
index 2ee4422b9..87bf61c2f 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
@@ -245,9 +245,11 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkBucketChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	h2.NegativeBuckets = []int64{2, -1} // 2 1 (total 3)
 	// This is how span changes will be handled.
 	hApp, _ := app.(*FloatHistogramAppender)
-	posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2.ToFloat(nil))
+	posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2.ToFloat(nil))
 	require.NotEmpty(t, posInterjections)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, negInterjections)
+	require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+	require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 	require.True(t, ok) // Only new buckets came in.
 	require.False(t, cr)
 	c, app = hApp.recode(posInterjections, negInterjections, h2.PositiveSpans, h2.NegativeSpans)
@@ -333,7 +335,7 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(eh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.Schema++
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 
 		assertNewFloatHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
@@ -343,7 +345,7 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(eh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.ZeroThreshold += 0.1
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 
 		assertNewFloatHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
@@ -363,9 +365,11 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		h2.Sum = 30
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{7, 5, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 5, 5, 0, 1}
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.NotEmpty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.True(t, ok) // Only new buckets came in.
 		require.False(t, cr)
 
@@ -385,24 +389,56 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		h2.Sum = 21
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{6, 3, 2, 4, 5, 1}
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.False(t, ok) // Need to cut a new chunk.
 		require.True(t, cr)
 
 		assertNewFloatHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, CounterReset)
 	}
 
+	{ // New histogram that has buckets missing but the buckets missing were empty.
+		emptyBucketH := eh.Copy()
+		emptyBucketH.PositiveBuckets = []float64{6, 0, 3, 2, 4, 0, 1}
+		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(emptyBucketH)
+		h2 := h1.Copy()
+		h2.PositiveSpans = []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 2},
+			{Offset: 5, Length: 1},
+		}
+		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{7, 4, 3, 5, 2}
+
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.False(t, cr)
+
+		assertNoNewFloatHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
+
+		// Check that h2 was recoded.
+		require.Equal(t, []float64{7, 0, 4, 3, 5, 0, 2}, h2.PositiveBuckets)
+		require.Equal(t, emptyBucketH.PositiveSpans, h2.PositiveSpans)
+	}
+
 	{ // New histogram that has a counter reset while buckets are same.
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(eh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.Sum = 23
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{6, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 1}
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.False(t, ok) // Need to cut a new chunk.
 		require.True(t, cr)
 
@@ -421,9 +457,11 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		h2.Sum = 29
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{7, 5, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 5, 5, 0, 0}
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.False(t, ok) // Need to cut a new chunk.
 		require.True(t, cr)
 
@@ -448,9 +486,11 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		h2.Sum = 26
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{1, 2, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 5, 1}
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.False(t, ok) // Need to cut a new chunk.
 		require.True(t, cr)
 
@@ -524,10 +564,44 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, NotCounterReset, nextChunk.GetCounterResetHeader())
 	}
 
+	{
+		// Start a new chunk with a histogram that has an empty bucket.
+		// Add a histogram that has the same bucket missing.
+		// This should be appendable and can happen if we are merging from chunks
+		// where the first sample came from a recoded chunk that added the
+		// empty bucket.
+		h1 := eh.Copy()
+		// Add a bucket that is empty -10 offsets from the first bucket.
+		h1.PositiveSpans = make([]histogram.Span, len(eh.PositiveSpans)+1)
+		h1.PositiveSpans[0] = histogram.Span{Offset: eh.PositiveSpans[0].Offset - 10, Length: 1}
+		h1.PositiveSpans[1] = histogram.Span{Offset: eh.PositiveSpans[0].Offset + 9, Length: eh.PositiveSpans[0].Length}
+		for i, v := range eh.PositiveSpans[1:] {
+			h1.PositiveSpans[i+2] = v
+		}
+		h1.PositiveBuckets = make([]float64, len(eh.PositiveBuckets)+1)
+		h1.PositiveBuckets[0] = 0
+		for i, v := range eh.PositiveBuckets {
+			h1.PositiveBuckets[i+1] = v
+		}
+
+		c, hApp, ts, _ := setup(h1)
+		h2 := eh.Copy()
+
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.False(t, cr)
+
+		assertNoNewFloatHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
+	}
+
 	{ // Custom buckets, no change.
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(cbh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.True(t, ok)
 
 		assertNoNewFloatHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
@@ -538,7 +612,7 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.Count++
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{6, 3, 3, 2, 4, 5, 2}
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.True(t, ok)
 
 		assertNoNewFloatHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
@@ -549,7 +623,7 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.Count--
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{6, 3, 3, 2, 4, 5, 0}
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 
 		assertNewFloatHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, CounterReset)
@@ -559,7 +633,7 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(cbh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.CustomValues = []float64{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21}
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 
 		assertNewFloatHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, CounterReset)
@@ -581,9 +655,11 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		// so the new histogram should have new counts >= these per-bucket counts, e.g.:
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{7, 5, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 5, 5, 0, 1} // (total 30)
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.NotEmpty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.True(t, ok) // Only new buckets came in.
 		require.False(t, cr)
 
@@ -839,9 +915,11 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendableWithEmptySpan(t *testing.T) {
 			require.Equal(t, 1, c.NumSamples())
 			hApp, _ := app.(*FloatHistogramAppender)
 
-			pI, nI, okToAppend, counterReset := hApp.appendable(tc.h2)
+			pI, nI, bpI, bnI, okToAppend, counterReset := hApp.appendable(tc.h2)
 			require.Empty(t, pI)
 			require.Empty(t, nI)
+			require.Empty(t, bpI)
+			require.Empty(t, bnI)
 			require.True(t, okToAppend)
 			require.False(t, counterReset)
 		})
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
index aa74badd1..a957d7b22 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
@@ -237,16 +237,23 @@ func (a *HistogramAppender) Append(int64, float64) {
 }
 
 // appendable returns whether the chunk can be appended to, and if so whether
-// any recoding needs to happen using the provided inserts (in case of any new
-// buckets, positive or negative range, respectively).  If the sample is a gauge
-// histogram, AppendableGauge must be used instead.
+//  1. Any recoding needs to happen to the chunk using the provided forward
+//     inserts (in case of any new buckets, positive or negative range,
+//     respectively).
+//  2. Any recoding needs to happen for the histogram being appended, using the
+//     backward inserts (in case of any missing buckets, positive or negative
+//     range, respectively).
+//
+// If the sample is a gauge histogram, AppendableGauge must be used instead.
 //
 // The chunk is not appendable in the following cases:
 //
 //   - The schema has changed.
 //   - The custom bounds have changed if the current schema is custom buckets.
 //   - The threshold for the zero bucket has changed.
-//   - Any buckets have disappeared.
+//   - Any buckets have disappeared, unless the bucket count was 0, unused.
+//     Empty bucket can happen if the chunk was recoded and we're merging a non
+//     recoded histogram. In this case backward inserts will be provided.
 //   - There was a counter reset in the count of observations or in any bucket,
 //     including the zero bucket.
 //   - The last sample in the chunk was stale while the current sample is not stale.
@@ -256,6 +263,7 @@ func (a *HistogramAppender) Append(int64, float64) {
 // append. If counterReset is true, okToAppend is always false.
 func (a *HistogramAppender) appendable(h *histogram.Histogram) (
 	positiveInserts, negativeInserts []Insert,
+	backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts []Insert,
 	okToAppend, counterReset bool,
 ) {
 	if a.NumSamples() > 0 && a.GetCounterResetHeader() == GaugeType {
@@ -299,31 +307,219 @@ func (a *HistogramAppender) appendable(h *histogram.Histogram) (
 	}
 
 	var ok bool
-	positiveInserts, ok = expandSpansForward(a.pSpans, h.PositiveSpans)
+	positiveInserts, backwardPositiveInserts, ok = expandIntSpansAndBuckets(a.pSpans, h.PositiveSpans, a.pBuckets, h.PositiveBuckets)
 	if !ok {
 		counterReset = true
 		return
 	}
-	negativeInserts, ok = expandSpansForward(a.nSpans, h.NegativeSpans)
+	negativeInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok = expandIntSpansAndBuckets(a.nSpans, h.NegativeSpans, a.nBuckets, h.NegativeBuckets)
 	if !ok {
 		counterReset = true
 		return
 	}
 
-	if counterResetInAnyBucket(a.pBuckets, h.PositiveBuckets, a.pSpans, h.PositiveSpans) ||
-		counterResetInAnyBucket(a.nBuckets, h.NegativeBuckets, a.nSpans, h.NegativeSpans) {
-		counterReset, positiveInserts, negativeInserts = true, nil, nil
-		return
-	}
-
 	okToAppend = true
 	return
 }
 
+// expandIntSpansAndBuckets returns the inserts to expand the bucket spans 'a' so that
+// they match the spans in 'b'. 'b' must cover the same or more buckets than
+// 'a', otherwise the function will return false.
+// The function also returns the inserts to expand 'b' to also cover all the
+// buckets that are missing in 'b', but are present with 0 counter value in 'a'.
+// The function also checks for counter resets between 'a' and 'b'.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+// Let's say the old buckets look like this:
+//
+//	span syntax: [offset, length]
+//	spans      : [ 0 , 2 ]               [2,1]                   [ 3 , 2 ]                     [3,1]       [1,1]
+//	bucket idx : [0]   [1]    2     3    [4]    5     6     7    [8]   [9]    10    11    12   [13]   14   [15]
+//	raw values    6     3                 3                       2     4                       5           1
+//	deltas        6    -3                 0                      -1     2                       1          -4
+//
+// But now we introduce a new bucket layout. (Carefully chosen example where we
+// have a span appended, one unchanged[*], one prepended, and two merge - in
+// that order.)
+//
+// [*] unchanged in terms of which bucket indices they represent. but to achieve
+// that, their offset needs to change if "disrupted" by spans changing ahead of
+// them
+//
+//	                                      \/ this one is "unchanged"
+//	spans      : [  0  ,  3    ]         [1,1]       [    1    ,   4     ]                     [  3  ,   3    ]
+//	bucket idx : [0]   [1]   [2]    3    [4]    5    [6]   [7]   [8]   [9]    10    11    12   [13]  [14]  [15]
+//	raw values    6     3     0           3           0     0     2     4                       5     0     1
+//	deltas        6    -3    -3           3          -3     0     2     2                       1    -5     1
+//	delta mods:                          / \                     / \                                       / \
+//
+// Note for histograms with delta-encoded buckets: Whenever any new buckets are
+// introduced, the subsequent "old" bucket needs to readjust its delta to the
+// new base of 0. Thus, for the caller who wants to transform the set of
+// original deltas to a new set of deltas to match a new span layout that adds
+// buckets, we simply need to generate a list of inserts.
+//
+// Note: Within expandSpansForward we don't have to worry about the changes to the
+// spans themselves, thanks to the iterators we get to work with the more useful
+// bucket indices (which of course directly correspond to the buckets we have to
+// adjust).
+func expandIntSpansAndBuckets(a, b []histogram.Span, aBuckets, bBuckets []int64) (forward, backward []Insert, ok bool) {
+	ai := newBucketIterator(a)
+	bi := newBucketIterator(b)
+
+	var aInserts []Insert // To insert into buckets of a, to make up for missing buckets in b.
+	var bInserts []Insert // To insert into buckets of b, to make up for missing empty(!) buckets in a.
+
+	// When aInter.num or bInter.num becomes > 0, this becomes a valid insert that should
+	// be yielded when we finish a streak of new buckets.
+	var aInter Insert
+	var bInter Insert
+
+	aIdx, aOK := ai.Next()
+	bIdx, bOK := bi.Next()
+
+	// Bucket count. Initialize the absolute count and index into the
+	// positive/negative counts or deltas array. The bucket count is
+	// used to detect counter reset as well as unused buckets in a.
+	var (
+		aCount    int64
+		bCount    int64
+		aCountIdx int
+		bCountIdx int
+	)
+	if aOK {
+		aCount = aBuckets[aCountIdx]
+	}
+	if bOK {
+		bCount = bBuckets[bCountIdx]
+	}
+
+loop:
+	for {
+		switch {
+		case aOK && bOK:
+			switch {
+			case aIdx == bIdx: // Both have an identical bucket index.
+				// Bucket count. Check bucket for reset from a to b.
+				if aCount > bCount {
+					return nil, nil, false
+				}
+
+				// Finish WIP insert for a and reset.
+				if aInter.num > 0 {
+					aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
+					aInter.num = 0
+				}
+
+				// Finish WIP insert for b and reset.
+				if bInter.num > 0 {
+					bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
+					bInter.num = 0
+				}
+
+				aIdx, aOK = ai.Next()
+				bIdx, bOK = bi.Next()
+				aInter.pos++ // Advance potential insert position.
+				aCountIdx++  // Advance absolute bucket count index for a.
+				if aOK {
+					aCount += aBuckets[aCountIdx]
+				}
+				bInter.pos++ // Advance potential insert position.
+				bCountIdx++  // Advance absolute bucket count index for b.
+				if bOK {
+					bCount += bBuckets[bCountIdx]
+				}
+
+				continue
+			case aIdx < bIdx: // b misses a bucket index that is in a.
+				// This is ok if the count in a is 0, in which case we make a note to
+				// fill in the bucket in b and advance a.
+				if aCount == 0 {
+					bInter.num++ // Mark that we need to insert a bucket in b.
+					// Advance a
+					if aInter.num > 0 {
+						aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
+						aInter.num = 0
+					}
+					aIdx, aOK = ai.Next()
+					aInter.pos++
+					aCountIdx++
+					if aOK {
+						aCount += aBuckets[aCountIdx]
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+				// Otherwise we are missing a bucket that was in use in a, which is a reset.
+				return nil, nil, false
+			case aIdx > bIdx: // a misses a value that is in b. Forward b and recompare.
+				aInter.num++
+				// Advance b
+				if bInter.num > 0 {
+					bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
+					bInter.num = 0
+				}
+				bIdx, bOK = bi.Next()
+				bInter.pos++
+				bCountIdx++
+				if bOK {
+					bCount += bBuckets[bCountIdx]
+				}
+			}
+		case aOK && !bOK: // b misses a value that is in a.
+			// This is ok if the count in a is 0, in which case we make a note to
+			// fill in the bucket in b and advance a.
+			if aCount == 0 {
+				bInter.num++
+				// Advance a
+				if aInter.num > 0 {
+					aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
+					aInter.num = 0
+				}
+				aIdx, aOK = ai.Next()
+				aInter.pos++ // Advance potential insert position.
+				// Update absolute bucket counts for a.
+				aCountIdx++
+				if aOK {
+					aCount += aBuckets[aCountIdx]
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			// Otherwise we are missing a bucket that was in use in a, which is a reset.
+			return nil, nil, false
+		case !aOK && bOK: // a misses a value that is in b. Forward b and recompare.
+			aInter.num++
+			// Advance b
+			if bInter.num > 0 {
+				bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
+				bInter.num = 0
+			}
+			bIdx, bOK = bi.Next()
+			bInter.pos++ // Advance potential insert position.
+			// Update absolute bucket counts for b.
+			bCountIdx++
+			if bOK {
+				bCount += bBuckets[bCountIdx]
+			}
+		default: // Both iterators ran out. We're done.
+			if aInter.num > 0 {
+				aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
+			}
+			if bInter.num > 0 {
+				bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
+			}
+			break loop
+		}
+	}
+
+	return aInserts, bInserts, true
+}
+
 // appendableGauge returns whether the chunk can be appended to, and if so
 // whether:
-//  1. Any recoding needs to happen to the chunk using the provided inserts
-//     (in case of any new buckets, positive or negative range, respectively).
+//  1. Any recoding needs to happen to the chunk using the provided forward
+//     inserts (in case of any new buckets, positive or negative range,
+//     respectively).
 //  2. Any recoding needs to happen for the histogram being appended, using the
 //     backward inserts (in case of any missing buckets, positive or negative
 //     range, respectively).
@@ -369,76 +565,6 @@ func (a *HistogramAppender) appendableGauge(h *histogram.Histogram) (
 	return
 }
 
-// counterResetInAnyBucket returns true if there was a counter reset for any
-// bucket. This should be called only when the bucket layout is the same or new
-// buckets were added. It does not handle the case of buckets missing.
-func counterResetInAnyBucket(oldBuckets, newBuckets []int64, oldSpans, newSpans []histogram.Span) bool {
-	if len(oldSpans) == 0 || len(oldBuckets) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	var (
-		oldSpanSliceIdx, newSpanSliceIdx     int    = -1, -1 // Index for the span slices. Starts at -1 to indicate that the first non empty span is not yet found.
-		oldInsideSpanIdx, newInsideSpanIdx   uint32          // Index inside a span.
-		oldIdx, newIdx                       int32           // Index inside a bucket slice.
-		oldBucketSliceIdx, newBucketSliceIdx int             // Index inside bucket slice.
-	)
-
-	// Find first non empty spans.
-	oldSpanSliceIdx, oldIdx = nextNonEmptySpanSliceIdx(oldSpanSliceIdx, oldIdx, oldSpans)
-	newSpanSliceIdx, newIdx = nextNonEmptySpanSliceIdx(newSpanSliceIdx, newIdx, newSpans)
-	oldVal, newVal := oldBuckets[0], newBuckets[0]
-
-	// Since we assume that new spans won't have missing buckets, there will never be a case
-	// where the old index will not find a matching new index.
-	for {
-		if oldIdx == newIdx {
-			if newVal < oldVal {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-
-		if oldIdx <= newIdx {
-			// Moving ahead old bucket and span by 1 index.
-			if oldInsideSpanIdx+1 >= oldSpans[oldSpanSliceIdx].Length {
-				// Current span is over.
-				oldSpanSliceIdx, oldIdx = nextNonEmptySpanSliceIdx(oldSpanSliceIdx, oldIdx, oldSpans)
-				oldInsideSpanIdx = 0
-				if oldSpanSliceIdx >= len(oldSpans) {
-					// All old spans are over.
-					break
-				}
-			} else {
-				oldInsideSpanIdx++
-				oldIdx++
-			}
-			oldBucketSliceIdx++
-			oldVal += oldBuckets[oldBucketSliceIdx]
-		}
-
-		if oldIdx > newIdx {
-			// Moving ahead new bucket and span by 1 index.
-			if newInsideSpanIdx+1 >= newSpans[newSpanSliceIdx].Length {
-				// Current span is over.
-				newSpanSliceIdx, newIdx = nextNonEmptySpanSliceIdx(newSpanSliceIdx, newIdx, newSpans)
-				newInsideSpanIdx = 0
-				if newSpanSliceIdx >= len(newSpans) {
-					// All new spans are over.
-					// This should not happen, old spans above should catch this first.
-					panic("new spans over before old spans in counterReset")
-				}
-			} else {
-				newInsideSpanIdx++
-				newIdx++
-			}
-			newBucketSliceIdx++
-			newVal += newBuckets[newBucketSliceIdx]
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
 // appendHistogram appends a histogram to the chunk. The caller must ensure that
 // the histogram is properly structured, e.g. the number of buckets used
 // corresponds to the number conveyed by the span structures. First call
@@ -649,7 +775,7 @@ func (a *HistogramAppender) AppendHistogram(prev *HistogramAppender, t int64, h
 			a.setCounterResetHeader(CounterReset)
 		case prev != nil:
 			// This is a new chunk, but continued from a previous one. We need to calculate the reset header unless already set.
-			_, _, _, counterReset := prev.appendable(h)
+			_, _, _, _, _, counterReset := prev.appendable(h)
 			if counterReset {
 				a.setCounterResetHeader(CounterReset)
 			} else {
@@ -661,7 +787,7 @@ func (a *HistogramAppender) AppendHistogram(prev *HistogramAppender, t int64, h
 
 	// Adding counter-like histogram.
 	if h.CounterResetHint != histogram.GaugeType {
-		pForwardInserts, nForwardInserts, okToAppend, counterReset := a.appendable(h)
+		pForwardInserts, nForwardInserts, pBackwardInserts, nBackwardInserts, okToAppend, counterReset := a.appendable(h)
 		if !okToAppend || counterReset {
 			if appendOnly {
 				if counterReset {
@@ -692,6 +818,13 @@ func (a *HistogramAppender) AppendHistogram(prev *HistogramAppender, t int64, h
 			app.(*HistogramAppender).appendHistogram(t, h)
 			return chk, true, app, nil
 		}
+		if len(pBackwardInserts) > 0 || len(nBackwardInserts) > 0 {
+			// The histogram needs to be expanded to have the extra empty buckets
+			// of the chunk.
+			h.PositiveSpans = a.pSpans
+			h.NegativeSpans = a.nSpans
+			a.recodeHistogram(h, pBackwardInserts, nBackwardInserts)
+		}
 		a.appendHistogram(t, h)
 		return nil, false, a, nil
 	}
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go
index c5381ba2f..59e2e10fc 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go
@@ -280,6 +280,9 @@ type Insert struct {
 	num int
 }
 
+// Deprecated: expandSpansForward, use expandIntSpansAndBuckets or
+// expandFloatSpansAndBuckets instead.
+// expandSpansForward is left here for reference.
 // expandSpansForward returns the inserts to expand the bucket spans 'a' so that
 // they match the spans in 'b'. 'b' must cover the same or more buckets than
 // 'a', otherwise the function will return false.
@@ -574,15 +577,3 @@ func counterResetHint(crh CounterResetHeader, numRead uint16) histogram.CounterR
 		return histogram.UnknownCounterReset
 	}
 }
-
-// Handle pathological case of empty span when advancing span idx.
-// Call it with idx==-1 to find the first non empty span.
-func nextNonEmptySpanSliceIdx(idx int, bucketIdx int32, spans []histogram.Span) (newIdx int, newBucketIdx int32) {
-	for idx++; idx < len(spans); idx++ {
-		if spans[idx].Length > 0 {
-			return idx, bucketIdx + spans[idx].Offset + 1
-		}
-		bucketIdx += spans[idx].Offset
-	}
-	return idx, 0
-}
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
index d029aaefc..939edd440 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
@@ -256,9 +256,11 @@ func TestHistogramChunkBucketChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	h2.NegativeBuckets = []int64{2, -1} // 2 1 (total 3)
 	// This is how span changes will be handled.
 	hApp, _ := app.(*HistogramAppender)
-	posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+	posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, posInterjections)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, negInterjections)
+	require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+	require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 	require.True(t, ok) // Only new buckets came in.
 	require.False(t, cr)
 	c, app = hApp.recode(posInterjections, negInterjections, h2.PositiveSpans, h2.NegativeSpans)
@@ -347,7 +349,7 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(eh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.Schema++
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 
 		assertNewHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(eh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.ZeroThreshold += 0.1
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 
 		assertNewHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
@@ -380,9 +382,11 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		// so the new histogram should have new counts >= these per-bucket counts, e.g.:
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{7, -2, -4, 2, -2, -1, 2, 3, 0, -5, 1} // 7 5 1 3 1 0 2 5 5 0 1 (total 30)
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.NotEmpty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.True(t, ok) // Only new buckets came in.
 		require.False(t, cr)
 
@@ -401,24 +405,57 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		h2.Sum = 21
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{6, -3, -1, 2, 1, -4} // counts: 6, 3, 2, 4, 5, 1 (total 21)
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.False(t, ok) // Need to cut a new chunk.
 		require.True(t, cr)
 
 		assertNewHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, CounterReset)
 	}
 
+	{ // New histogram that has buckets missing but the buckets missing were empty.
+		emptyBucketH := eh.Copy()
+		emptyBucketH.PositiveBuckets = []int64{6, -6, 1, 1, -2, 1, 1} // counts: 6, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2 (total 12)
+		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(emptyBucketH)
+		h2 := h1.Copy()
+		h2.PositiveSpans = []histogram.Span{ // Missing buckets at offset 1 and 9.
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 4, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 1},
+		}
+		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{7, -5, 1, 0, 1} // counts: 7, 2, 3, 3, 4 (total 18)
+
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.False(t, cr)
+
+		assertNoNewHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
+
+		// Check that h2 was recoded.
+		require.Equal(t, []int64{7, -7, 2, 1, -3, 3, 1}, h2.PositiveBuckets) // counts: 7, 0, 2, 3 , 0, 3, 4 (total 18)
+		require.Equal(t, emptyBucketH.PositiveSpans, h2.PositiveSpans)
+	}
+
 	{ // New histogram that has a counter reset while buckets are same.
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(eh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.Sum = 23
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{6, -4, 1, -1, 2, 1, -4} // counts: 6, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 1 (total 23)
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.False(t, ok) // Need to cut a new chunk.
 		require.True(t, cr)
 
@@ -440,9 +477,11 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		// so the new histogram should have new counts >= these per-bucket counts, e.g.:
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{7, -2, -4, 2, -2, -1, 2, 3, 0, -5, 0} // 7 5 1 3 1 0 2 5 5 0 0 (total 29)
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.False(t, ok) // Need to cut a new chunk.
 		require.True(t, cr)
 
@@ -470,9 +509,11 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		// so the new histogram should have new counts >= these per-bucket counts, e.g.:
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{1, 1, 3, -2, 0, -1, 2, 1, -4} // counts: 1, 2, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 5, 1 (total 26)
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.False(t, ok) // Need to cut a new chunk.
 		require.True(t, cr)
 
@@ -549,10 +590,44 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, NotCounterReset, nextChunk.GetCounterResetHeader())
 	}
 
+	{
+		// Start a new chunk with a histogram that has an empty bucket.
+		// Add a histogram that has the same bucket missing.
+		// This should be appendable and can happen if we are merging from chunks
+		// where the first sample came from a recoded chunk that added the
+		// empty bucket.
+		h1 := eh.Copy()
+		// Add a bucket that is empty -10 offsets from the first bucket.
+		h1.PositiveSpans = make([]histogram.Span, len(eh.PositiveSpans)+1)
+		h1.PositiveSpans[0] = histogram.Span{Offset: eh.PositiveSpans[0].Offset - 10, Length: 1}
+		h1.PositiveSpans[1] = histogram.Span{Offset: eh.PositiveSpans[0].Offset + 9, Length: eh.PositiveSpans[0].Length}
+		for i, v := range eh.PositiveSpans[1:] {
+			h1.PositiveSpans[i+2] = v
+		}
+		h1.PositiveBuckets = make([]int64, len(eh.PositiveBuckets)+1)
+		h1.PositiveBuckets[0] = 0
+		for i, v := range eh.PositiveBuckets {
+			h1.PositiveBuckets[i+1] = v
+		}
+
+		c, hApp, ts, _ := setup(h1)
+		h2 := eh.Copy()
+
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		require.Empty(t, posInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.False(t, cr)
+
+		assertNoNewHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
+	}
+
 	{ // Custom buckets, no change.
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(cbh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.True(t, ok)
 
 		assertNoNewHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
@@ -563,7 +638,7 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.Count++
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{6, -3, 0, -1, 2, 1, -3}
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.True(t, ok)
 
 		assertNoNewHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
@@ -574,7 +649,7 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.Count--
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{6, -3, 0, -1, 2, 1, -5}
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 
 		assertNewHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, CounterReset)
@@ -584,7 +659,7 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(cbh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
 		h2.CustomValues = []float64{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21}
-		_, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 
 		assertNewHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, CounterReset)
@@ -606,9 +681,11 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		// so the new histogram should have new counts >= these per-bucket counts, e.g.:
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{7, -2, -4, 2, -2, -1, 2, 3, 0, -5, 1} // 7 5 1 3 1 0 2 5 5 0 1 (total 30)
 
-		posInterjections, negInterjections, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
 		require.NotEmpty(t, posInterjections)
 		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
 		require.True(t, ok) // Only new buckets came in.
 		require.False(t, cr)
 
@@ -875,9 +952,11 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendableWithEmptySpan(t *testing.T) {
 			require.Equal(t, 1, c.NumSamples())
 			hApp, _ := app.(*HistogramAppender)
 
-			pI, nI, okToAppend, counterReset := hApp.appendable(tc.h2)
+			pI, nI, bpI, bnI, okToAppend, counterReset := hApp.appendable(tc.h2)
 			require.Empty(t, pI)
 			require.Empty(t, nI)
+			require.Empty(t, bpI)
+			require.Empty(t, bnI)
 			require.True(t, okToAppend)
 			require.False(t, counterReset)
 		})
@@ -1368,3 +1447,50 @@ func TestHistogramAppendOnlyErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		require.EqualError(t, err, "histogram counter reset")
 	})
 }
+
+func BenchmarkAppendable(b *testing.B) {
+	// Create a histogram with a bunch of spans and buckets.
+	const (
+		numSpans   = 1000
+		spanLength = 10
+	)
+	h := &histogram.Histogram{
+		Schema:        0,
+		Count:         100,
+		Sum:           1000,
+		ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
+		ZeroCount:     5,
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < numSpans; i++ {
+		h.PositiveSpans = append(h.PositiveSpans, histogram.Span{Offset: 5, Length: spanLength})
+		h.NegativeSpans = append(h.NegativeSpans, histogram.Span{Offset: 5, Length: spanLength})
+		for j := 0; j < spanLength; j++ {
+			h.PositiveBuckets = append(h.PositiveBuckets, int64(j))
+			h.NegativeBuckets = append(h.NegativeBuckets, int64(j))
+		}
+	}
+
+	c := Chunk(NewHistogramChunk())
+
+	// Create fresh appender and add the first histogram.
+	app, err := c.Appender()
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, _, _, err = app.AppendHistogram(nil, 1, h, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	hApp := app.(*HistogramAppender)
+
+	isAppendable := true
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		_, _, _, _, ok, _ := hApp.appendable(h)
+		isAppendable = isAppendable && ok
+	}
+	if !isAppendable {
+		b.Fail()
+	}
+}

From d90c5a71d7fabf13c00925a4f7a4011355a94681 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Owen Williams <owen.williams@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 10:07:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 022/180] support quoting in grouping label lists

Signed-off-by: Owen Williams <owen.williams@grafana.com>
---
 promql/parser/generated_parser.y    |  12 +-
 promql/parser/generated_parser.y.go | 785 ++++++++++++++--------------
 promql/parser/lex.go                |  13 -
 promql/parser/parse_test.go         |  46 ++
 promql/parser/printer.go            |  14 +-
 promql/parser/printer_test.go       |  11 +
 6 files changed, 480 insertions(+), 401 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/parser/generated_parser.y b/promql/parser/generated_parser.y
index b8e6aa373..da24be0c4 100644
--- a/promql/parser/generated_parser.y
+++ b/promql/parser/generated_parser.y
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import (
         "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/value"
         "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
         "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/parser/posrange"
+
+        "github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 )
 
 %}
@@ -360,11 +362,19 @@ grouping_label_list:
 
 grouping_label  : maybe_label
                         {
-                        if !isLabel($1.Val) {
+                        if !model.LabelName($1.Val).IsValid() {
                                 yylex.(*parser).unexpected("grouping opts", "label")
                         }
                         $$ = $1
                         }
+                | STRING {
+                        if !model.LabelName(yylex.(*parser).unquoteString($1.Val)).IsValid() {
+                                yylex.(*parser).unexpected("grouping opts", "label")
+                        }
+                        $$ = $1
+                        $$.Pos++
+                        $$.Val = yylex.(*parser).unquoteString($$.Val)
+                        }
                 | error
                         { yylex.(*parser).unexpected("grouping opts", "label"); $$ = Item{} }
                 ;
diff --git a/promql/parser/generated_parser.y.go b/promql/parser/generated_parser.y.go
index 62786052e..22231f73e 100644
--- a/promql/parser/generated_parser.y.go
+++ b/promql/parser/generated_parser.y.go
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/value"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/parser/posrange"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 )
 
 type yySymType struct {
@@ -249,290 +251,293 @@ var yyExca = [...]int16{
 	1, -1,
 	-2, 0,
 	-1, 37,
-	1, 137,
-	10, 137,
-	24, 137,
+	1, 138,
+	10, 138,
+	24, 138,
 	-2, 0,
 	-1, 61,
-	2, 180,
-	15, 180,
-	79, 180,
-	85, 180,
-	-2, 101,
-	-1, 62,
 	2, 181,
 	15, 181,
 	79, 181,
 	85, 181,
 	-2, 102,
-	-1, 63,
+	-1, 62,
 	2, 182,
 	15, 182,
 	79, 182,
 	85, 182,
-	-2, 104,
-	-1, 64,
+	-2, 103,
+	-1, 63,
 	2, 183,
 	15, 183,
 	79, 183,
 	85, 183,
 	-2, 105,
-	-1, 65,
+	-1, 64,
 	2, 184,
 	15, 184,
 	79, 184,
 	85, 184,
 	-2, 106,
-	-1, 66,
+	-1, 65,
 	2, 185,
 	15, 185,
 	79, 185,
 	85, 185,
-	-2, 111,
-	-1, 67,
+	-2, 107,
+	-1, 66,
 	2, 186,
 	15, 186,
 	79, 186,
 	85, 186,
-	-2, 113,
-	-1, 68,
+	-2, 112,
+	-1, 67,
 	2, 187,
 	15, 187,
 	79, 187,
 	85, 187,
-	-2, 115,
-	-1, 69,
+	-2, 114,
+	-1, 68,
 	2, 188,
 	15, 188,
 	79, 188,
 	85, 188,
 	-2, 116,
-	-1, 70,
+	-1, 69,
 	2, 189,
 	15, 189,
 	79, 189,
 	85, 189,
 	-2, 117,
-	-1, 71,
+	-1, 70,
 	2, 190,
 	15, 190,
 	79, 190,
 	85, 190,
 	-2, 118,
-	-1, 72,
+	-1, 71,
 	2, 191,
 	15, 191,
 	79, 191,
 	85, 191,
 	-2, 119,
-	-1, 73,
+	-1, 72,
 	2, 192,
 	15, 192,
 	79, 192,
 	85, 192,
-	-2, 123,
-	-1, 74,
+	-2, 120,
+	-1, 73,
 	2, 193,
 	15, 193,
 	79, 193,
 	85, 193,
 	-2, 124,
+	-1, 74,
+	2, 194,
+	15, 194,
+	79, 194,
+	85, 194,
+	-2, 125,
 	-1, 200,
-	9, 242,
-	12, 242,
-	13, 242,
-	18, 242,
-	19, 242,
-	25, 242,
-	41, 242,
-	47, 242,
-	48, 242,
-	51, 242,
-	57, 242,
-	62, 242,
-	63, 242,
-	64, 242,
-	65, 242,
-	66, 242,
-	67, 242,
-	68, 242,
-	69, 242,
-	70, 242,
-	71, 242,
-	72, 242,
-	73, 242,
-	74, 242,
-	75, 242,
-	79, 242,
-	83, 242,
-	85, 242,
-	88, 242,
-	89, 242,
+	9, 243,
+	12, 243,
+	13, 243,
+	18, 243,
+	19, 243,
+	25, 243,
+	41, 243,
+	47, 243,
+	48, 243,
+	51, 243,
+	57, 243,
+	62, 243,
+	63, 243,
+	64, 243,
+	65, 243,
+	66, 243,
+	67, 243,
+	68, 243,
+	69, 243,
+	70, 243,
+	71, 243,
+	72, 243,
+	73, 243,
+	74, 243,
+	75, 243,
+	79, 243,
+	83, 243,
+	85, 243,
+	88, 243,
+	89, 243,
 	-2, 0,
 	-1, 201,
-	9, 242,
-	12, 242,
-	13, 242,
-	18, 242,
-	19, 242,
-	25, 242,
-	41, 242,
-	47, 242,
-	48, 242,
-	51, 242,
-	57, 242,
-	62, 242,
-	63, 242,
-	64, 242,
-	65, 242,
-	66, 242,
-	67, 242,
-	68, 242,
-	69, 242,
-	70, 242,
-	71, 242,
-	72, 242,
-	73, 242,
-	74, 242,
-	75, 242,
-	79, 242,
-	83, 242,
-	85, 242,
-	88, 242,
-	89, 242,
+	9, 243,
+	12, 243,
+	13, 243,
+	18, 243,
+	19, 243,
+	25, 243,
+	41, 243,
+	47, 243,
+	48, 243,
+	51, 243,
+	57, 243,
+	62, 243,
+	63, 243,
+	64, 243,
+	65, 243,
+	66, 243,
+	67, 243,
+	68, 243,
+	69, 243,
+	70, 243,
+	71, 243,
+	72, 243,
+	73, 243,
+	74, 243,
+	75, 243,
+	79, 243,
+	83, 243,
+	85, 243,
+	88, 243,
+	89, 243,
 	-2, 0,
 }
 
 const yyPrivate = 57344
 
-const yyLast = 763
+const yyLast = 799
 
 var yyAct = [...]int16{
-	155, 333, 331, 275, 338, 152, 226, 39, 192, 44,
-	290, 289, 156, 118, 82, 178, 106, 55, 109, 105,
-	53, 77, 133, 56, 110, 108, 22, 54, 356, 6,
-	172, 107, 60, 57, 345, 346, 347, 348, 111, 198,
-	328, 199, 200, 201, 327, 154, 303, 355, 266, 75,
-	354, 151, 160, 128, 259, 18, 19, 160, 55, 20,
-	301, 101, 159, 104, 113, 76, 114, 159, 54, 258,
-	61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70,
-	71, 72, 73, 74, 161, 112, 269, 13, 103, 161,
-	292, 24, 115, 30, 309, 265, 31, 32, 332, 267,
-	162, 270, 109, 223, 323, 162, 150, 222, 110, 308,
-	301, 263, 310, 149, 161, 163, 307, 271, 264, 173,
-	167, 170, 221, 322, 166, 2, 3, 4, 5, 194,
-	162, 157, 158, 179, 262, 180, 184, 197, 165, 186,
-	196, 195, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209,
-	210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 129, 188, 121,
-	217, 121, 219, 220, 55, 38, 218, 53, 77, 119,
-	56, 119, 339, 22, 54, 182, 169, 260, 298, 117,
-	57, 187, 122, 297, 122, 181, 183, 160, 295, 168,
-	261, 180, 111, 77, 164, 55, 75, 159, 296, 357,
-	7, 55, 18, 19, 268, 54, 20, 294, 35, 287,
-	288, 54, 76, 291, 321, 320, 319, 61, 62, 63,
+	155, 334, 332, 276, 339, 152, 226, 39, 192, 44,
+	291, 290, 156, 118, 82, 178, 229, 107, 106, 346,
+	347, 348, 349, 109, 108, 198, 239, 199, 133, 110,
+	105, 60, 245, 121, 6, 329, 325, 111, 328, 228,
+	200, 201, 160, 119, 304, 267, 293, 128, 260, 160,
+	151, 261, 159, 302, 358, 311, 122, 55, 89, 159,
+	196, 241, 242, 259, 113, 243, 114, 54, 98, 99,
+	302, 112, 101, 256, 104, 88, 230, 232, 234, 235,
+	236, 244, 246, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 257, 258,
+	160, 115, 231, 233, 237, 238, 240, 247, 248, 103,
+	159, 109, 254, 255, 324, 150, 357, 110, 333, 218,
+	111, 340, 310, 149, 77, 163, 7, 105, 35, 173,
+	167, 170, 161, 323, 165, 356, 166, 309, 355, 194,
+	2, 3, 4, 5, 308, 322, 184, 197, 162, 186,
+	321, 195, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209,
+	210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 229, 129, 101,
+	217, 104, 219, 220, 190, 266, 270, 239, 160, 121,
+	268, 193, 264, 245, 55, 196, 154, 225, 159, 119,
+	228, 271, 188, 160, 54, 161, 103, 117, 265, 84,
+	262, 299, 122, 159, 320, 263, 298, 272, 10, 83,
+	161, 162, 241, 242, 269, 187, 243, 185, 79, 288,
+	289, 297, 319, 292, 256, 161, 162, 230, 232, 234,
+	235, 236, 244, 246, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 257,
+	258, 162, 294, 231, 233, 237, 238, 240, 247, 248,
+	318, 317, 316, 254, 255, 180, 315, 134, 135, 136,
+	137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146,
+	147, 148, 157, 158, 169, 105, 314, 296, 300, 301,
+	303, 223, 305, 313, 55, 222, 179, 168, 180, 84,
+	306, 307, 177, 125, 54, 182, 295, 176, 124, 83,
+	221, 312, 87, 89, 8, 181, 183, 81, 37, 86,
+	175, 123, 36, 98, 99, 326, 327, 101, 102, 104,
+	88, 127, 331, 126, 50, 336, 337, 338, 182, 335,
+	78, 1, 342, 341, 344, 343, 49, 48, 181, 183,
+	350, 351, 47, 55, 103, 352, 53, 77, 164, 56,
+	46, 354, 22, 54, 59, 55, 172, 9, 9, 57,
+	132, 45, 43, 130, 171, 54, 359, 42, 131, 41,
+	40, 51, 191, 353, 273, 75, 85, 189, 224, 80,
+	345, 18, 19, 120, 153, 20, 58, 227, 52, 116,
+	0, 76, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 62, 63, 64,
+	65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74,
+	0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 24, 0, 30,
+	0, 0, 31, 32, 55, 38, 0, 53, 77, 0,
+	56, 275, 0, 22, 54, 0, 0, 0, 274, 0,
+	57, 0, 278, 279, 277, 284, 286, 283, 285, 280,
+	281, 282, 287, 0, 0, 0, 75, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 18, 19, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 76, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 62, 63,
 	64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
-	74, 182, 293, 318, 13, 160, 317, 316, 24, 315,
-	30, 181, 183, 31, 32, 159, 134, 135, 136, 137,
-	138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147,
-	148, 314, 313, 55, 105, 84, 84, 299, 300, 302,
-	86, 304, 177, 54, 190, 83, 83, 176, 160, 305,
-	306, 193, 125, 185, 81, 196, 10, 124, 159, 312,
-	175, 311, 89, 50, 8, 36, 79, 228, 37, 78,
-	123, 1, 98, 99, 325, 326, 101, 238, 104, 88,
-	161, 330, 49, 244, 335, 336, 337, 324, 334, 48,
-	47, 341, 340, 343, 342, 127, 162, 126, 59, 349,
-	350, 9, 9, 103, 351, 46, 132, 45, 43, 130,
-	353, 171, 240, 241, 42, 131, 242, 41, 40, 51,
-	191, 352, 272, 85, 255, 358, 189, 229, 231, 233,
-	234, 235, 243, 245, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 256,
-	257, 224, 80, 230, 232, 236, 237, 239, 246, 247,
-	344, 120, 55, 253, 254, 53, 77, 153, 56, 274,
-	58, 22, 54, 227, 52, 116, 273, 0, 57, 0,
-	277, 278, 276, 283, 285, 282, 284, 279, 280, 281,
-	286, 0, 0, 0, 75, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	18, 19, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	76, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65,
-	66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 228,
-	0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 24, 0, 30, 238,
-	329, 31, 32, 0, 0, 244, 0, 0, 0, 225,
-	0, 277, 278, 276, 283, 285, 282, 284, 279, 280,
-	281, 286, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 240, 241, 0, 0, 242, 0,
-	0, 0, 17, 77, 0, 105, 255, 0, 22, 229,
-	231, 233, 234, 235, 243, 245, 248, 249, 250, 251,
-	252, 256, 257, 0, 0, 230, 232, 236, 237, 239,
-	246, 247, 87, 89, 0, 253, 254, 18, 19, 0,
-	0, 20, 0, 98, 99, 17, 35, 101, 102, 104,
-	88, 22, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 21, 23, 25,
-	26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 0, 0, 0, 13,
-	0, 0, 0, 24, 103, 30, 0, 0, 31, 32,
-	18, 19, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16,
-	21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 105,
-	0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 24, 174, 30, 0,
-	0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 105, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 87, 89, 90, 0,
-	91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100,
-	0, 101, 102, 104, 88, 87, 89, 90, 0, 91,
-	92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 0,
-	101, 102, 104, 88, 105, 0, 0, 0, 103, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 105, 0, 0, 0, 103, 0, 0,
-	0, 87, 89, 90, 0, 91, 92, 93, 0, 95,
+	74, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 24, 0,
+	30, 0, 55, 31, 32, 53, 77, 0, 56, 330,
+	0, 22, 54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 0,
+	278, 279, 277, 284, 286, 283, 285, 280, 281, 282,
+	287, 0, 0, 0, 75, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	18, 19, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0, 17, 77,
+	76, 0, 0, 0, 22, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65,
+	66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 0,
+	0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 24, 0, 30, 0,
+	0, 31, 32, 18, 19, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0,
+	0, 17, 35, 0, 0, 0, 0, 22, 11, 12,
+	14, 15, 16, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
+	33, 34, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 24,
+	0, 30, 0, 0, 31, 32, 18, 19, 0, 0,
+	20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 21, 23, 25, 26,
+	27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 105, 0, 0, 13, 0,
+	0, 0, 24, 174, 30, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 105, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 87, 89, 90, 0, 91, 92, 93, 94,
+	95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 0, 101, 102, 104,
+	88, 87, 89, 90, 0, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,
 	96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 0, 101, 102, 104, 88,
-	87, 89, 90, 0, 91, 92, 0, 0, 95, 96,
-	0, 98, 99, 100, 0, 101, 102, 104, 88, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 103, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	105, 0, 0, 0, 103, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 105,
+	0, 0, 0, 103, 0, 0, 0, 87, 89, 90,
+	0, 91, 92, 93, 0, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,
+	100, 0, 101, 102, 104, 88, 87, 89, 90, 0,
+	91, 92, 0, 0, 95, 96, 0, 98, 99, 100,
+	0, 101, 102, 104, 88, 0, 0, 0, 0, 103,
 	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 103,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 103,
 }
 
 var yyPact = [...]int16{
-	27, 190, 533, 533, 155, 490, -1000, -1000, -1000, 195,
+	32, 106, 569, 569, 405, 526, -1000, -1000, -1000, 105,
 	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
 	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
-	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 264, -1000, 268, -1000, 614,
+	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 277, -1000, 297, -1000, 650,
 	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
-	-1000, -1000, 23, 177, -1000, -1000, 373, -1000, 373, 180,
+	-1000, -1000, 22, 95, -1000, -1000, 483, -1000, 483, 101,
 	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
-	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 159, -1000, -1000,
-	280, -1000, -1000, 323, -1000, 29, -1000, -56, -56, -56,
-	-56, -56, -56, -56, -56, -56, -56, -56, -56, -56,
-	-56, -56, -56, 49, 43, 192, 177, -61, -1000, 174,
-	174, 8, -1000, 595, 5, -1000, 270, -1000, -1000, 131,
-	187, -1000, -1000, -1000, 263, -1000, 156, -1000, 269, 373,
-	-1000, -43, -38, -1000, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373,
-	373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, 373, -1000,
-	254, -1000, -1000, 151, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
-	-1000, 226, 226, 101, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 447, -1000,
-	-1000, 47, -1000, 614, -1000, -1000, 157, -1000, 109, -1000,
-	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 93, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
-	22, 73, 60, -1000, -1000, -1000, 372, 250, 174, 174,
-	174, 174, 5, 5, 491, 491, 491, 679, 660, 491,
-	491, 679, 5, 5, 491, 5, 250, -1000, 68, -1000,
-	-1000, -1000, 186, -1000, 176, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
+	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 167, -1000, -1000,
+	281, -1000, -1000, 309, -1000, 23, -1000, -50, -50, -50,
+	-50, -50, -50, -50, -50, -50, -50, -50, -50, -50,
+	-50, -50, -50, 48, 174, 336, 95, -56, -1000, 262,
+	262, 324, -1000, 631, 103, -1000, 280, -1000, -1000, 274,
+	241, -1000, -1000, -1000, 187, -1000, 180, -1000, 159, 483,
+	-1000, -57, -40, -1000, 483, 483, 483, 483, 483, 483,
+	483, 483, 483, 483, 483, 483, 483, 483, 483, -1000,
+	165, -1000, -1000, 94, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
+	-1000, 40, 40, 269, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 155, -1000,
+	-1000, 41, -1000, 650, -1000, -1000, 31, -1000, 170, -1000,
+	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 163, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
+	19, 144, 140, -1000, -1000, -1000, 404, 16, 262, 262,
+	262, 262, 103, 103, 251, 251, 251, 715, 696, 251,
+	251, 715, 103, 103, 251, 103, 16, -1000, 24, -1000,
+	-1000, -1000, 265, -1000, 189, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
 	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
 	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
-	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 373,
-	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 91, 91, 20, 91,
-	124, 124, 92, 95, -1000, -1000, 285, 283, 256, 255,
-	233, 231, 230, 227, 210, 209, 208, -1000, -1000, -1000,
-	-1000, -1000, -1000, 102, -1000, -1000, -1000, 295, -1000, 614,
-	-1000, -1000, -1000, 91, -1000, 18, 14, 443, -1000, -1000,
-	-1000, 41, 48, 226, 226, 226, 158, 158, 41, 158,
-	41, -58, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 91, 91, -1000,
-	-1000, -1000, 91, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 226,
 	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
-	-1000, -1000, 26, -1000, 178, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
+	483, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 34, 34, 18,
+	34, 44, 44, 110, 38, -1000, -1000, 285, 267, 260,
+	240, 236, 235, 234, 206, 188, 134, 129, -1000, -1000,
+	-1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 102, -1000, -1000, -1000, 14, -1000,
+	650, -1000, -1000, -1000, 34, -1000, 12, 9, 482, -1000,
+	-1000, -1000, 51, 81, 40, 40, 40, 97, 97, 51,
+	97, 51, -73, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, 34, 34,
+	-1000, -1000, -1000, 34, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
+	40, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
+	-1000, -1000, -1000, 104, -1000, 33, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000,
 }
 
 var yyPgo = [...]int16{
-	0, 395, 13, 394, 6, 15, 393, 328, 390, 387,
-	381, 380, 286, 294, 372, 14, 371, 10, 11, 356,
-	353, 8, 352, 3, 4, 351, 2, 1, 0, 350,
-	12, 5, 349, 348, 16, 157, 347, 345, 7, 344,
-	341, 31, 339, 32, 338, 9, 337, 336, 335, 320,
-	319, 312, 293, 301, 295,
+	0, 379, 13, 378, 6, 15, 377, 344, 376, 374,
+	373, 370, 198, 294, 369, 14, 368, 10, 11, 367,
+	366, 8, 364, 3, 4, 363, 2, 1, 0, 362,
+	12, 5, 361, 360, 18, 158, 359, 358, 7, 357,
+	354, 17, 353, 31, 352, 9, 351, 350, 340, 332,
+	327, 326, 314, 321, 302,
 }
 
 var yyR1 = [...]int8{
@@ -542,25 +547,25 @@ var yyR1 = [...]int8{
 	36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36,
 	36, 36, 35, 37, 37, 47, 47, 42, 42, 42,
 	42, 17, 17, 17, 17, 16, 16, 16, 4, 4,
-	39, 41, 41, 40, 40, 40, 48, 46, 46, 46,
-	32, 32, 32, 9, 9, 44, 50, 50, 50, 50,
-	50, 50, 51, 52, 52, 52, 43, 43, 43, 1,
-	1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 13,
-	13, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
+	4, 39, 41, 41, 40, 40, 40, 48, 46, 46,
+	46, 32, 32, 32, 9, 9, 44, 50, 50, 50,
+	50, 50, 50, 51, 52, 52, 52, 43, 43, 43,
+	1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+	13, 13, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
 	7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
-	7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 12, 12, 12, 12, 14,
-	14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 15, 54, 20, 20, 20,
-	20, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
-	29, 29, 29, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22,
-	23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23,
-	23, 24, 24, 25, 25, 25, 11, 11, 11, 11,
-	3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
-	3, 3, 3, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
+	7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 12, 12, 12, 12,
+	14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 15, 54, 20, 20,
+	20, 20, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19,
+	19, 29, 29, 29, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22, 22,
+	22, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23,
+	23, 23, 24, 24, 25, 25, 25, 11, 11, 11,
+	11, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
+	3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
 	6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
 	6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
-	6, 6, 6, 8, 8, 5, 5, 5, 5, 45,
-	45, 28, 28, 30, 30, 31, 31, 27, 26, 26,
-	49, 10, 18, 18,
+	6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 8, 5, 5, 5, 5,
+	45, 45, 28, 28, 30, 30, 31, 31, 27, 26,
+	26, 49, 10, 18, 18,
 }
 
 var yyR2 = [...]int8{
@@ -570,25 +575,25 @@ var yyR2 = [...]int8{
 	4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
 	4, 4, 1, 0, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3,
 	3, 3, 4, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1,
-	2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3,
-	3, 5, 3, 1, 1, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5,
-	4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 4, 2, 3,
-	1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2,
+	1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4,
+	3, 3, 5, 3, 1, 1, 4, 6, 5, 6,
+	5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 4, 2,
+	3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1,
+	2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 2, 0, 3,
-	1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 0, 3, 2,
-	1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 4, 1, 3, 5, 5,
-	1, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2,
-	3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
-	3, 4, 3, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 2, 0,
+	3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 0, 3,
+	2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 4, 1, 3, 5,
+	5, 1, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1,
+	2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
+	3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1,
 	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
 	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-	1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1,
-	1, 1, 0, 1,
+	1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2,
+	1, 1, 1, 0, 1,
 }
 
 var yyChk = [...]int16{
@@ -614,59 +619,59 @@ var yyChk = [...]int16{
 	5, -29, -21, 12, -28, -30, 16, -38, 82, 84,
 	80, 81, -38, -38, -38, -38, -38, -38, -38, -38,
 	-38, -38, -38, -38, -38, -38, -38, -45, 15, -28,
-	-28, 21, 6, 2, -16, 22, -4, -6, 2, 62,
-	78, 63, 79, 64, 65, 66, 80, 81, 12, 82,
-	47, 48, 51, 67, 18, 68, 83, 84, 69, 70,
-	71, 72, 73, 88, 89, 59, 74, 75, 22, 7,
-	20, -2, 25, 2, 25, 2, 26, 26, -30, 26,
-	41, 57, -22, 24, 17, -23, 30, 28, 29, 35,
-	36, 37, 33, 31, 34, 32, 38, -17, -17, -18,
-	-17, -18, 22, -45, 21, 2, 22, 7, 2, -38,
-	-27, 19, -27, 26, -27, -21, -21, 24, 17, 2,
-	17, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
-	6, 6, 21, 2, 22, -4, -27, 26, 26, 17,
-	-23, -26, 57, -27, -31, -28, -28, -28, -24, 14,
-	-24, -26, -24, -26, -11, 92, 93, 94, 95, -27,
-	-27, -27, -25, -28, 24, 21, 2, 21, -28,
+	-28, 21, 6, 2, -16, 22, -4, -6, 25, 2,
+	62, 78, 63, 79, 64, 65, 66, 80, 81, 12,
+	82, 47, 48, 51, 67, 18, 68, 83, 84, 69,
+	70, 71, 72, 73, 88, 89, 59, 74, 75, 22,
+	7, 20, -2, 25, 2, 25, 2, 26, 26, -30,
+	26, 41, 57, -22, 24, 17, -23, 30, 28, 29,
+	35, 36, 37, 33, 31, 34, 32, 38, -17, -17,
+	-18, -17, -18, 22, -45, 21, 2, 22, 7, 2,
+	-38, -27, 19, -27, 26, -27, -21, -21, 24, 17,
+	2, 17, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
+	6, 6, 6, 21, 2, 22, -4, -27, 26, 26,
+	17, -23, -26, 57, -27, -31, -28, -28, -28, -24,
+	14, -24, -26, -24, -26, -11, 92, 93, 94, 95,
+	-27, -27, -27, -25, -28, 24, 21, 2, 21, -28,
 }
 
 var yyDef = [...]int16{
-	0, -2, 128, 128, 0, 0, 7, 6, 1, 128,
-	100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109,
-	110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119,
-	120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 0, 2, -2, 3, 4,
+	0, -2, 129, 129, 0, 0, 7, 6, 1, 129,
+	101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110,
+	111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120,
+	121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 0, 2, -2, 3, 4,
 	8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
-	18, 19, 0, 107, 229, 230, 0, 240, 0, 84,
-	85, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-	-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, 223, 224, 0, 5, 99,
-	0, 127, 130, 0, 135, 136, 140, 43, 43, 43,
+	18, 19, 0, 108, 230, 231, 0, 241, 0, 85,
+	86, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
+	-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, 224, 225, 0, 5, 100,
+	0, 128, 131, 0, 136, 137, 141, 43, 43, 43,
 	43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
 	43, 43, 43, 0, 0, 0, 0, 22, 23, 0,
-	0, 0, 60, 0, 82, 83, 0, 88, 90, 0,
-	94, 98, 241, 125, 0, 131, 0, 134, 139, 0,
+	0, 0, 61, 0, 83, 84, 0, 89, 91, 0,
+	95, 99, 242, 126, 0, 132, 0, 135, 140, 0,
 	42, 47, 48, 44, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 67,
-	0, 69, 70, 0, 72, 235, 236, 73, 74, 231,
-	232, 0, 0, 0, 81, 20, 21, 24, 0, 54,
-	25, 0, 62, 64, 66, 86, 0, 91, 0, 97,
-	225, 226, 227, 228, 0, 126, 129, 132, 133, 138,
-	141, 143, 146, 150, 151, 152, 0, 26, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 68,
+	0, 70, 71, 0, 73, 236, 237, 74, 75, 232,
+	233, 0, 0, 0, 82, 20, 21, 24, 0, 54,
+	25, 0, 63, 65, 67, 87, 0, 92, 0, 98,
+	226, 227, 228, 229, 0, 127, 130, 133, 134, 139,
+	142, 144, 147, 151, 152, 153, 0, 26, 0, 0,
 	-2, -2, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
-	35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 68, 0, 233,
-	234, 75, 0, 80, 0, 53, 56, 58, 59, 194,
+	35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 69, 0, 234,
+	235, 76, 0, 81, 0, 53, 56, 58, 59, 60,
 	195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204,
 	205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214,
-	215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 61, 65,
-	87, 89, 92, 96, 93, 95, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 156, 158, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 45, 46, 49,
-	243, 50, 71, 0, 77, 79, 51, 0, 57, 63,
-	142, 237, 144, 0, 147, 0, 0, 0, 154, 159,
-	155, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-	0, 0, 76, 78, 52, 55, 145, 0, 0, 153,
-	157, 160, 0, 239, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 0,
-	166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 176, 177, 178, 179, 148,
-	149, 238, 0, 174, 0, 172, 175, 171, 173,
+	215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 62,
+	66, 88, 90, 93, 97, 94, 96, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 157, 159, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 45, 46,
+	49, 244, 50, 72, 0, 78, 80, 51, 0, 57,
+	64, 143, 238, 145, 0, 148, 0, 0, 0, 155,
+	160, 156, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 77, 79, 52, 55, 146, 0, 0,
+	154, 158, 161, 0, 240, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166,
+	0, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 177, 178, 179, 180,
+	149, 150, 239, 0, 175, 0, 173, 176, 172, 174,
 }
 
 var yyTok1 = [...]int8{
@@ -1249,18 +1254,28 @@ yydefault:
 	case 58:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
-			if !isLabel(yyDollar[1].item.Val) {
+			if !model.LabelName(yyDollar[1].item.Val).IsValid() {
 				yylex.(*parser).unexpected("grouping opts", "label")
 			}
 			yyVAL.item = yyDollar[1].item
 		}
 	case 59:
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
+		{
+			if !model.LabelName(yylex.(*parser).unquoteString(yyDollar[1].item.Val)).IsValid() {
+				yylex.(*parser).unexpected("grouping opts", "label")
+			}
+			yyVAL.item = yyDollar[1].item
+			yyVAL.item.Pos++
+			yyVAL.item.Val = yylex.(*parser).unquoteString(yyVAL.item.Val)
+		}
+	case 60:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("grouping opts", "label")
 			yyVAL.item = Item{}
 		}
-	case 60:
+	case 61:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			fn, exist := getFunction(yyDollar[1].item.Val, yylex.(*parser).functions)
@@ -1279,38 +1294,38 @@ yydefault:
 				},
 			}
 		}
-	case 61:
+	case 62:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[2].node
 		}
-	case 62:
+	case 63:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.node = Expressions{}
 		}
-	case 63:
+	case 64:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.node = append(yyDollar[1].node.(Expressions), yyDollar[3].node.(Expr))
 		}
-	case 64:
+	case 65:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.node = Expressions{yyDollar[1].node.(Expr)}
 		}
-	case 65:
+	case 66:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).addParseErrf(yyDollar[2].item.PositionRange(), "trailing commas not allowed in function call args")
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 66:
+	case 67:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.node = &ParenExpr{Expr: yyDollar[2].node.(Expr), PosRange: mergeRanges(&yyDollar[1].item, &yyDollar[3].item)}
 		}
-	case 67:
+	case 68:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			numLit, _ := yyDollar[3].node.(*NumberLiteral)
@@ -1318,7 +1333,7 @@ yydefault:
 			yylex.(*parser).addOffset(yyDollar[1].node, dur)
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 68:
+	case 69:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			numLit, _ := yyDollar[4].node.(*NumberLiteral)
@@ -1326,31 +1341,31 @@ yydefault:
 			yylex.(*parser).addOffset(yyDollar[1].node, -dur)
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 69:
+	case 70:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("offset", "number or duration")
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 70:
+	case 71:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).setTimestamp(yyDollar[1].node, yyDollar[3].float)
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 71:
+	case 72:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-5 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).setAtModifierPreprocessor(yyDollar[1].node, yyDollar[3].item)
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 72:
+	case 73:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("@", "timestamp")
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 75:
+	case 76:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			var errMsg string
@@ -1375,7 +1390,7 @@ yydefault:
 				EndPos:         yylex.(*parser).lastClosing,
 			}
 		}
-	case 76:
+	case 77:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-6 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			numLitRange, _ := yyDollar[3].node.(*NumberLiteral)
@@ -1387,7 +1402,7 @@ yydefault:
 				EndPos: yyDollar[6].item.Pos + 1,
 			}
 		}
-	case 77:
+	case 78:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-5 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			numLitRange, _ := yyDollar[3].node.(*NumberLiteral)
@@ -1398,31 +1413,31 @@ yydefault:
 				EndPos: yyDollar[5].item.Pos + 1,
 			}
 		}
-	case 78:
+	case 79:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-6 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("subquery selector", "\"]\"")
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 79:
+	case 80:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-5 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("subquery selector", "number or duration or \"]\"")
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 80:
+	case 81:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("subquery or range", "\":\" or \"]\"")
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 81:
+	case 82:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("subquery selector", "number or duration")
 			yyVAL.node = yyDollar[1].node
 		}
-	case 82:
+	case 83:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			if nl, ok := yyDollar[2].node.(*NumberLiteral); ok {
@@ -1435,7 +1450,7 @@ yydefault:
 				yyVAL.node = &UnaryExpr{Op: yyDollar[1].item.Typ, Expr: yyDollar[2].node.(Expr), StartPos: yyDollar[1].item.Pos}
 			}
 		}
-	case 83:
+	case 84:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			vs := yyDollar[2].node.(*VectorSelector)
@@ -1444,7 +1459,7 @@ yydefault:
 			yylex.(*parser).assembleVectorSelector(vs)
 			yyVAL.node = vs
 		}
-	case 84:
+	case 85:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			vs := &VectorSelector{
@@ -1455,14 +1470,14 @@ yydefault:
 			yylex.(*parser).assembleVectorSelector(vs)
 			yyVAL.node = vs
 		}
-	case 85:
+	case 86:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			vs := yyDollar[1].node.(*VectorSelector)
 			yylex.(*parser).assembleVectorSelector(vs)
 			yyVAL.node = vs
 		}
-	case 86:
+	case 87:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.node = &VectorSelector{
@@ -1470,7 +1485,7 @@ yydefault:
 				PosRange:      mergeRanges(&yyDollar[1].item, &yyDollar[3].item),
 			}
 		}
-	case 87:
+	case 88:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.node = &VectorSelector{
@@ -1478,7 +1493,7 @@ yydefault:
 				PosRange:      mergeRanges(&yyDollar[1].item, &yyDollar[4].item),
 			}
 		}
-	case 88:
+	case 89:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.node = &VectorSelector{
@@ -1486,7 +1501,7 @@ yydefault:
 				PosRange:      mergeRanges(&yyDollar[1].item, &yyDollar[2].item),
 			}
 		}
-	case 89:
+	case 90:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			if yyDollar[1].matchers != nil {
@@ -1495,38 +1510,32 @@ yydefault:
 				yyVAL.matchers = yyDollar[1].matchers
 			}
 		}
-	case 90:
+	case 91:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.matchers = []*labels.Matcher{yyDollar[1].matcher}
 		}
-	case 91:
+	case 92:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("label matching", "\",\" or \"}\"")
 			yyVAL.matchers = yyDollar[1].matchers
 		}
-	case 92:
-		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
-		{
-			yyVAL.matcher = yylex.(*parser).newLabelMatcher(yyDollar[1].item, yyDollar[2].item, yyDollar[3].item)
-		}
 	case 93:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.matcher = yylex.(*parser).newLabelMatcher(yyDollar[1].item, yyDollar[2].item, yyDollar[3].item)
 		}
 	case 94:
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
+		{
+			yyVAL.matcher = yylex.(*parser).newLabelMatcher(yyDollar[1].item, yyDollar[2].item, yyDollar[3].item)
+		}
+	case 95:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.matcher = yylex.(*parser).newMetricNameMatcher(yyDollar[1].item)
 		}
-	case 95:
-		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
-		{
-			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("label matching", "string")
-			yyVAL.matcher = nil
-		}
 	case 96:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
@@ -1534,89 +1543,95 @@ yydefault:
 			yyVAL.matcher = nil
 		}
 	case 97:
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
+		{
+			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("label matching", "string")
+			yyVAL.matcher = nil
+		}
+	case 98:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("label matching", "label matching operator")
 			yyVAL.matcher = nil
 		}
-	case 98:
+	case 99:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("label matching", "identifier or \"}\"")
 			yyVAL.matcher = nil
 		}
-	case 99:
+	case 100:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			b := labels.NewBuilder(yyDollar[2].labels)
 			b.Set(labels.MetricName, yyDollar[1].item.Val)
 			yyVAL.labels = b.Labels()
 		}
-	case 100:
+	case 101:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.labels = yyDollar[1].labels
 		}
-	case 125:
-		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
-		{
-			yyVAL.labels = labels.New(yyDollar[2].lblList...)
-		}
 	case 126:
-		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.labels = labels.New(yyDollar[2].lblList...)
 		}
 	case 127:
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
+		{
+			yyVAL.labels = labels.New(yyDollar[2].lblList...)
+		}
+	case 128:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.labels = labels.New()
 		}
-	case 128:
+	case 129:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-0 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.labels = labels.New()
 		}
-	case 129:
+	case 130:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.lblList = append(yyDollar[1].lblList, yyDollar[3].label)
 		}
-	case 130:
+	case 131:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.lblList = []labels.Label{yyDollar[1].label}
 		}
-	case 131:
+	case 132:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("label set", "\",\" or \"}\"")
 			yyVAL.lblList = yyDollar[1].lblList
 		}
-	case 132:
+	case 133:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.label = labels.Label{Name: yyDollar[1].item.Val, Value: yylex.(*parser).unquoteString(yyDollar[3].item.Val)}
 		}
-	case 133:
+	case 134:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("label set", "string")
 			yyVAL.label = labels.Label{}
 		}
-	case 134:
+	case 135:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("label set", "\"=\"")
 			yyVAL.label = labels.Label{}
 		}
-	case 135:
+	case 136:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("label set", "identifier or \"}\"")
 			yyVAL.label = labels.Label{}
 		}
-	case 136:
+	case 137:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).generatedParserResult = &seriesDescription{
@@ -1624,33 +1639,33 @@ yydefault:
 				values: yyDollar[2].series,
 			}
 		}
-	case 137:
+	case 138:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-0 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.series = []SequenceValue{}
 		}
-	case 138:
+	case 139:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.series = append(yyDollar[1].series, yyDollar[3].series...)
 		}
-	case 139:
+	case 140:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.series = yyDollar[1].series
 		}
-	case 140:
+	case 141:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("series values", "")
 			yyVAL.series = nil
 		}
-	case 141:
+	case 142:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.series = []SequenceValue{{Omitted: true}}
 		}
-	case 142:
+	case 143:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.series = []SequenceValue{}
@@ -1658,12 +1673,12 @@ yydefault:
 				yyVAL.series = append(yyVAL.series, SequenceValue{Omitted: true})
 			}
 		}
-	case 143:
+	case 144:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.series = []SequenceValue{{Value: yyDollar[1].float}}
 		}
-	case 144:
+	case 145:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.series = []SequenceValue{}
@@ -1672,7 +1687,7 @@ yydefault:
 				yyVAL.series = append(yyVAL.series, SequenceValue{Value: yyDollar[1].float})
 			}
 		}
-	case 145:
+	case 146:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.series = []SequenceValue{}
@@ -1682,12 +1697,12 @@ yydefault:
 				yyDollar[1].float += yyDollar[2].float
 			}
 		}
-	case 146:
+	case 147:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.series = []SequenceValue{{Histogram: yyDollar[1].histogram}}
 		}
-	case 147:
+	case 148:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.series = []SequenceValue{}
@@ -1697,7 +1712,7 @@ yydefault:
 				//$1 += $2
 			}
 		}
-	case 148:
+	case 149:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-5 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			val, err := yylex.(*parser).histogramsIncreaseSeries(yyDollar[1].histogram, yyDollar[3].histogram, yyDollar[5].uint)
@@ -1706,7 +1721,7 @@ yydefault:
 			}
 			yyVAL.series = val
 		}
-	case 149:
+	case 150:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-5 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			val, err := yylex.(*parser).histogramsDecreaseSeries(yyDollar[1].histogram, yyDollar[3].histogram, yyDollar[5].uint)
@@ -1715,7 +1730,7 @@ yydefault:
 			}
 			yyVAL.series = val
 		}
-	case 150:
+	case 151:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			if yyDollar[1].item.Val != "stale" {
@@ -1723,130 +1738,130 @@ yydefault:
 			}
 			yyVAL.float = math.Float64frombits(value.StaleNaN)
 		}
-	case 153:
-		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
-		{
-			yyVAL.histogram = yylex.(*parser).buildHistogramFromMap(&yyDollar[2].descriptors)
-		}
 	case 154:
-		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.histogram = yylex.(*parser).buildHistogramFromMap(&yyDollar[2].descriptors)
 		}
 	case 155:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
-			m := yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.histogram = yylex.(*parser).buildHistogramFromMap(&m)
+			yyVAL.histogram = yylex.(*parser).buildHistogramFromMap(&yyDollar[2].descriptors)
 		}
 	case 156:
-		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			m := yylex.(*parser).newMap()
 			yyVAL.histogram = yylex.(*parser).buildHistogramFromMap(&m)
 		}
 	case 157:
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
+		{
+			m := yylex.(*parser).newMap()
+			yyVAL.histogram = yylex.(*parser).buildHistogramFromMap(&m)
+		}
+	case 158:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = *(yylex.(*parser).mergeMaps(&yyDollar[1].descriptors, &yyDollar[3].descriptors))
 		}
-	case 158:
+	case 159:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yyDollar[1].descriptors
 		}
-	case 159:
+	case 160:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yylex.(*parser).unexpected("histogram description", "histogram description key, e.g. buckets:[5 10 7]")
 		}
-	case 160:
-		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
-		{
-			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["schema"] = yyDollar[3].int
-		}
 	case 161:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["sum"] = yyDollar[3].float
+			yyVAL.descriptors["schema"] = yyDollar[3].int
 		}
 	case 162:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["count"] = yyDollar[3].float
+			yyVAL.descriptors["sum"] = yyDollar[3].float
 		}
 	case 163:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["z_bucket"] = yyDollar[3].float
+			yyVAL.descriptors["count"] = yyDollar[3].float
 		}
 	case 164:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["z_bucket_w"] = yyDollar[3].float
+			yyVAL.descriptors["z_bucket"] = yyDollar[3].float
 		}
 	case 165:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["custom_values"] = yyDollar[3].bucket_set
+			yyVAL.descriptors["z_bucket_w"] = yyDollar[3].float
 		}
 	case 166:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["buckets"] = yyDollar[3].bucket_set
+			yyVAL.descriptors["custom_values"] = yyDollar[3].bucket_set
 		}
 	case 167:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["offset"] = yyDollar[3].int
+			yyVAL.descriptors["buckets"] = yyDollar[3].bucket_set
 		}
 	case 168:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["n_buckets"] = yyDollar[3].bucket_set
+			yyVAL.descriptors["offset"] = yyDollar[3].int
 		}
 	case 169:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["n_offset"] = yyDollar[3].int
+			yyVAL.descriptors["n_buckets"] = yyDollar[3].bucket_set
 		}
 	case 170:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
-			yyVAL.descriptors["counter_reset_hint"] = yyDollar[3].item
+			yyVAL.descriptors["n_offset"] = yyDollar[3].int
 		}
 	case 171:
-		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
-			yyVAL.bucket_set = yyDollar[2].bucket_set
+			yyVAL.descriptors = yylex.(*parser).newMap()
+			yyVAL.descriptors["counter_reset_hint"] = yyDollar[3].item
 		}
 	case 172:
-		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-4 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.bucket_set = yyDollar[2].bucket_set
 		}
 	case 173:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
 		{
-			yyVAL.bucket_set = append(yyDollar[1].bucket_set, yyDollar[3].float)
+			yyVAL.bucket_set = yyDollar[2].bucket_set
 		}
 	case 174:
+		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-3 : yypt+1]
+		{
+			yyVAL.bucket_set = append(yyDollar[1].bucket_set, yyDollar[3].float)
+		}
+	case 175:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.bucket_set = []float64{yyDollar[1].float}
 		}
-	case 229:
+	case 230:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.node = &NumberLiteral{
@@ -1854,7 +1869,7 @@ yydefault:
 				PosRange: yyDollar[1].item.PositionRange(),
 			}
 		}
-	case 230:
+	case 231:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			var err error
@@ -1868,12 +1883,12 @@ yydefault:
 				PosRange: yyDollar[1].item.PositionRange(),
 			}
 		}
-	case 231:
+	case 232:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.float = yylex.(*parser).number(yyDollar[1].item.Val)
 		}
-	case 232:
+	case 233:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			var err error
@@ -1884,17 +1899,17 @@ yydefault:
 			}
 			yyVAL.float = dur.Seconds()
 		}
-	case 233:
+	case 234:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.float = yyDollar[2].float
 		}
-	case 234:
+	case 235:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.float = -yyDollar[2].float
 		}
-	case 237:
+	case 238:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			var err error
@@ -1903,17 +1918,17 @@ yydefault:
 				yylex.(*parser).addParseErrf(yyDollar[1].item.PositionRange(), "invalid repetition in series values: %s", err)
 			}
 		}
-	case 238:
+	case 239:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-2 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.int = -int64(yyDollar[2].uint)
 		}
-	case 239:
+	case 240:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.int = int64(yyDollar[1].uint)
 		}
-	case 240:
+	case 241:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.node = &StringLiteral{
@@ -1921,7 +1936,7 @@ yydefault:
 				PosRange: yyDollar[1].item.PositionRange(),
 			}
 		}
-	case 241:
+	case 242:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-1 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.item = Item{
@@ -1930,7 +1945,7 @@ yydefault:
 				Val: yylex.(*parser).unquoteString(yyDollar[1].item.Val),
 			}
 		}
-	case 242:
+	case 243:
 		yyDollar = yyS[yypt-0 : yypt+1]
 		{
 			yyVAL.strings = nil
diff --git a/promql/parser/lex.go b/promql/parser/lex.go
index 99b4b4644..9b88ab556 100644
--- a/promql/parser/lex.go
+++ b/promql/parser/lex.go
@@ -1059,16 +1059,3 @@ func isDigit(r rune) bool {
 func isAlpha(r rune) bool {
 	return r == '_' || ('a' <= r && r <= 'z') || ('A' <= r && r <= 'Z')
 }
-
-// isLabel reports whether the string can be used as label.
-func isLabel(s string) bool {
-	if len(s) == 0 || !isAlpha(rune(s[0])) {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, c := range s[1:] {
-		if !isAlphaNumeric(c) {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-}
diff --git a/promql/parser/parse_test.go b/promql/parser/parse_test.go
index 3c679e5b0..37748323c 100644
--- a/promql/parser/parse_test.go
+++ b/promql/parser/parse_test.go
@@ -2397,6 +2397,51 @@ var testExpr = []struct {
 			},
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		input: `sum by ("foo")({"some.metric"})`,
+		expected: &AggregateExpr{
+			Op: SUM,
+			Expr: &VectorSelector{
+				LabelMatchers: []*labels.Matcher{
+					MustLabelMatcher(labels.MatchEqual, model.MetricNameLabel, "some.metric"),
+				},
+				PosRange: posrange.PositionRange{
+					Start: 15,
+					End:   30,
+				},
+			},
+			Grouping: []string{"foo"},
+			PosRange: posrange.PositionRange{
+				Start: 0,
+				End:   31,
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		input:  `sum by ("foo)(some_metric{})`,
+		fail:   true,
+		errMsg: "unterminated quoted string",
+	},
+	{
+		input: `sum by ("foo", bar, 'baz')({"some.metric"})`,
+		expected: &AggregateExpr{
+			Op: SUM,
+			Expr: &VectorSelector{
+				LabelMatchers: []*labels.Matcher{
+					MustLabelMatcher(labels.MatchEqual, model.MetricNameLabel, "some.metric"),
+				},
+				PosRange: posrange.PositionRange{
+					Start: 27,
+					End:   42,
+				},
+			},
+			Grouping: []string{"foo", "bar", "baz"},
+			PosRange: posrange.PositionRange{
+				Start: 0,
+				End:   43,
+			},
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		input: "avg by (foo)(some_metric)",
 		expected: &AggregateExpr{
@@ -3844,6 +3889,7 @@ func readable(s string) string {
 }
 
 func TestParseExpressions(t *testing.T) {
+	model.NameValidationScheme = model.UTF8Validation
 	for _, test := range testExpr {
 		t.Run(readable(test.input), func(t *testing.T) {
 			expr, err := ParseExpr(test.input)
diff --git a/promql/parser/printer.go b/promql/parser/printer.go
index f3bdefdeb..5613956f7 100644
--- a/promql/parser/printer.go
+++ b/promql/parser/printer.go
@@ -77,14 +77,24 @@ func (node *AggregateExpr) getAggOpStr() string {
 
 	switch {
 	case node.Without:
-		aggrString += fmt.Sprintf(" without (%s) ", strings.Join(node.Grouping, ", "))
+		aggrString += fmt.Sprintf(" without (%s) ", joinLabels(node.Grouping))
 	case len(node.Grouping) > 0:
-		aggrString += fmt.Sprintf(" by (%s) ", strings.Join(node.Grouping, ", "))
+		aggrString += fmt.Sprintf(" by (%s) ", joinLabels(node.Grouping))
 	}
 
 	return aggrString
 }
 
+func joinLabels(ss []string) string {
+	for i, s := range ss {
+		// If the label is already quoted, don't quote it again.
+		if s[0] != '"' && s[0] != '\'' && s[0] != '`' && !model.IsValidLegacyMetricName(model.LabelValue(s)) {
+			ss[i] = fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\"", s)
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Join(ss, ", ")
+}
+
 func (node *BinaryExpr) String() string {
 	returnBool := ""
 	if node.ReturnBool {
diff --git a/promql/parser/printer_test.go b/promql/parser/printer_test.go
index d2e301a88..0a557ad59 100644
--- a/promql/parser/printer_test.go
+++ b/promql/parser/printer_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package parser
 import (
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
@@ -44,6 +45,14 @@ func TestExprString(t *testing.T) {
 			in:  `sum without(instance) (task:errors:rate10s{job="s"})`,
 			out: `sum without (instance) (task:errors:rate10s{job="s"})`,
 		},
+		{
+			in:  `sum by("foo.bar") (task:errors:rate10s{job="s"})`,
+			out: `sum by ("foo.bar") (task:errors:rate10s{job="s"})`,
+		},
+		{
+			in:  `sum without("foo.bar") (task:errors:rate10s{job="s"})`,
+			out: `sum without ("foo.bar") (task:errors:rate10s{job="s"})`,
+		},
 		{
 			in: `topk(5, task:errors:rate10s{job="s"})`,
 		},
@@ -157,6 +166,8 @@ func TestExprString(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
+	model.NameValidationScheme = model.UTF8Validation
+
 	for _, test := range inputs {
 		expr, err := ParseExpr(test.in)
 		require.NoError(t, err)

From 2bcac1b77b7c98fe5b97ea325790c95daa6328db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Callum Styan <callumstyan@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 12:32:49 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 023/180] change comment that allows timestamps to be optional

Signed-off-by: Callum Styan <callumstyan@gmail.com>
---
 prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.proto | 7 +------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.proto b/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.proto
index 0cc7b8bc4..ff6c4936b 100644
--- a/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.proto
+++ b/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.proto
@@ -107,15 +107,10 @@ message Exemplar {
   // value represents an exact example value. This can be useful when the exemplar
   // is attached to a histogram, which only gives an estimated value through buckets.
   double value = 2;
-  // timestamp represents an optional timestamp of the sample in ms.
+  // timestamp represents the timestamp of the exemplar in ms.
   //
   // For Go, see github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/timestamp/timestamp.go
   // for conversion from/to time.Time to Prometheus timestamp.
-  //
-  // Note that the "optional" keyword is omitted due to
-  // https://cloud.google.com/apis/design/design_patterns.md#optional_primitive_fields
-  // Zero value means value not set. If you need to use exactly zero value for
-  // the timestamp, use 1 millisecond before or after.
   int64 timestamp = 3;
 }
 

From 6ca5b9cd40c5bd4e64fe3b281463a73f1035141b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Callum Styan <callumstyan@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 12:41:55 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 024/180] regenerate pb files with new comment

Signed-off-by: Callum Styan <callumstyan@gmail.com>
---
 prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.pb.go | 7 +------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.pb.go b/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.pb.go
index d6ea8398f..3420d20e2 100644
--- a/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.pb.go
+++ b/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2/types.pb.go
@@ -302,15 +302,10 @@ type Exemplar struct {
 	// value represents an exact example value. This can be useful when the exemplar
 	// is attached to a histogram, which only gives an estimated value through buckets.
 	Value float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,2,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
-	// timestamp represents an optional timestamp of the sample in ms.
+	// timestamp represents the timestamp of the exemplar in ms.
 	//
 	// For Go, see github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/timestamp/timestamp.go
 	// for conversion from/to time.Time to Prometheus timestamp.
-	//
-	// Note that the "optional" keyword is omitted due to
-	// https://cloud.google.com/apis/design/design_patterns.md#optional_primitive_fields
-	// Zero value means value not set. If you need to use exactly zero value for
-	// the timestamp, use 1 millisecond before or after.
 	Timestamp            int64    `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=timestamp,proto3" json:"timestamp,omitempty"`
 	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
 	XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`

From cb6f9ff08867ce25b57c0295b984f84ca64ba546 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 23:20:40 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 025/180] build(deps): bump github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6
 from 6.1.11 to 6.2.0

Bumps [github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6](https://github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go) from 6.1.11 to 6.2.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/blob/master/docs/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/compare/v6.1.11...v6.2.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 go.mod | 2 +-
 go.sum | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index c74452cd5..815b00ae9 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.29.2
 	github.com/hashicorp/nomad/api v0.0.0-20240717122358-3d93bd3778f3
 	github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 v2.12.0
-	github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.1.11
+	github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.0
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.9
 	github.com/kolo/xmlrpc v0.0.0-20220921171641-a4b6fa1dd06b
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index d96710c17..ce2d1026a 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -423,8 +423,8 @@ github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.16 h1:wwQJbIsHYGMUyLSPrEq1CT16AhnhNJQ51+4fdHUnCl4=
 github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.16/go.mod h1:WBLT9ZmE3lPoWsEzCh9LPo3TiwVN+ZKEjmz+hD27ysY=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0/go.mod h1:PxqpIevigyE2G7u3NXJIT2ANytuPF1OarO4DADm73n8=
 github.com/influxdata/influxdb1-client v0.0.0-20191209144304-8bf82d3c094d/go.mod h1:qj24IKcXYK6Iy9ceXlo3Tc+vtHo9lIhSX5JddghvEPo=
-github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.1.11 h1:J/uRN4UWO3wCyGOeDdMKv8LWRzKu6UIkLEaes38Kzh8=
-github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.1.11/go.mod h1:EzEgRIDxBELvfoa/uBN0kOQaqovLjUWEB7iW4/Q+t4k=
+github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.0 h1:qX7gachC0wJSmFfVRnd+DHmz9AStvVraKcwQ/JokIB4=
+github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.0/go.mod h1:EzEgRIDxBELvfoa/uBN0kOQaqovLjUWEB7iW4/Q+t4k=
 github.com/jarcoal/httpmock v1.3.1 h1:iUx3whfZWVf3jT01hQTO/Eo5sAYtB2/rqaUuOtpInww=
 github.com/jarcoal/httpmock v1.3.1/go.mod h1:3yb8rc4BI7TCBhFY8ng0gjuLKJNquuDNiPaZjnENuYg=
 github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.0.0-20180206201540-c2b33e8439af/go.mod h1:Nht3zPeWKUH0NzdCt2Blrr5ys8VGpn0CEB0cQHVjt7k=

From 8d61a3e325d424efaec2a051553f2ff8a9b1430d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 23:20:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 026/180] build(deps): bump google.golang.org/api from 0.189.0
 to 0.190.0

Bumps [google.golang.org/api](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client) from 0.189.0 to 0.190.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client/blob/main/CHANGES.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client/compare/v0.189.0...v0.190.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: google.golang.org/api
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 go.mod | 12 ++++++------
 go.sum | 24 ++++++++++++------------
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index c74452cd5..b0880982d 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.23.0
-	google.golang.org/api v0.189.0
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240711142825-46eb208f015d
+	google.golang.org/api v0.190.0
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240725223205-93522f1f2a9f
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ require (
 )
 
 require (
-	cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.7.2 // indirect
+	cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.7.3 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.3 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.10.0 // indirect
@@ -140,9 +140,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.8 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.7 // indirect
+	github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.8 // indirect
 	github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.12.5 // indirect
+	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/cronexpr v1.1.2 // indirect
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240119083558-1b970713d09a // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.19.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/term v0.22.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240722135656-d784300faade // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240730163845-b1a4ccb954bf // indirect
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
 	gotest.tools/v3 v3.0.3 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index d96710c17..12b137ad4 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ cloud.google.com/go v0.54.0/go.mod h1:1rq2OEkV3YMf6n/9ZvGWI3GWw0VoqH/1x2nd8Is/bP
 cloud.google.com/go v0.56.0/go.mod h1:jr7tqZxxKOVYizybht9+26Z/gUq7tiRzu+ACVAMbKVk=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.57.0/go.mod h1:oXiQ6Rzq3RAkkY7N6t3TcE6jE+CIBBbA36lwQ1JyzZs=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.65.0/go.mod h1:O5N8zS7uWy9vkA9vayVHs65eM1ubvY4h553ofrNHObY=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.7.2 h1:uiha352VrCDMXg+yoBtaD0tUF4Kv9vrtrWPYXwutnDE=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.7.2/go.mod h1:VEc4p5NNxycWQTMQEDQF0bd6aTMb6VgYDXEwiJJQAbs=
+cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.7.3 h1:98Vr+5jMaCZ5NZk6e/uBgf60phTk/XN84r8QEWB9yjY=
+cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.7.3/go.mod h1:HJtWUx1P5eqjy/f6Iq5KeytNpbAcGolPhOgyop2LlzA=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.3 h1:MlxF+Pd3OmSudg/b1yZ5lJwoXCEaeedAguodky1PcKI=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.3/go.mod h1:tMQXOfZzFuNuUxOypHlQEXgdfX5cuhwU+ffUuXRJE8I=
 cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.0.1/go.mod h1:i/xbL2UlR5RvWAURpBYZTtm/cXjCha9lbfbpx4poX+o=
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20200708004538-1a94d8640e99/go.mod h1:ZgVRPoUq/hf
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240711041743-f6c9dda6c6da h1:xRmpO92tb8y+Z85iUOMOicpCfaYcv7o3Cg3wKrIpg8g=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240711041743-f6c9dda6c6da/go.mod h1:K1liHPHnj73Fdn/EKuT8nrFqBihUSKXoLYU0BuatOYo=
 github.com/google/renameio v0.1.0/go.mod h1:KWCgfxg9yswjAJkECMjeO8J8rahYeXnNhOm40UhjYkI=
-github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.7 h1:60BLSyTrOV4/haCDW4zb1guZItoSq8foHCXrAnjBo/o=
-github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.7/go.mod h1:50CgR4k1jNlWBu4UfS4AcfhVe1r6pdZPygJ3R8F0Qdw=
+github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.8 h1:zZDs9gcbt9ZPLV0ndSyQk6Kacx2g/X+SKYovpnz3SMM=
+github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.8/go.mod h1:6iNWHTpQ+nfNRN5E00MSdfDwVesa8hhS32PhPO8deJA=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.0.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.1.2/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
@@ -332,8 +332,8 @@ github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.2 h1:Vie5ybvEvT75RniqhfF
 github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.2/go.mod h1:VLSiSSBs/ksPL8kq3OBOQ6WRI2QnaFynd1DCjZ62+V0=
 github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:0Wqv26UfaUD9n4G6kQubkQ+KchISgw+vpHVxEJEs9eg=
 github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.0.5/go.mod h1:DWXyrwAJ9X0FpwwEdw+IPEYBICEFu5mhpdKc/us6bOk=
-github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.12.5 h1:8gw9KZK8TiVKB6q3zHY3SBzLnrGp6HQjyfYBYGmXdxA=
-github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.12.5/go.mod h1:BUDKcWo+RaKq5SC9vVYL0wLADa3VcfswbOMMRmB9H3E=
+github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.13.0 h1:yitjD5f7jQHhyDsnhKEBU52NdvvdSeGzlAnDPT0hH1s=
+github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.13.0/go.mod h1:Z/fvTZXF8/uw7Xu5GuslPw+bplx6SS338j1Is2S+B7A=
 github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud v1.14.0 h1:Bt9zQDhPrbd4qX7EILGmy+i7GP35cc+AAL2+wIJpUE8=
 github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud v1.14.0/go.mod h1:aAVqcocTSXh2vYFZ1JTvx4EQmfgzxRcNupUfxZbBNDM=
 github.com/gopherjs/gopherjs v0.0.0-20181017120253-0766667cb4d1/go.mod h1:wJfORRmW1u3UXTncJ5qlYoELFm8eSnnEO6hX4iZ3EWY=
@@ -1047,8 +1047,8 @@ google.golang.org/api v0.20.0/go.mod h1:BwFmGc8tA3vsd7r/7kR8DY7iEEGSU04BFxCo5jP/
 google.golang.org/api v0.22.0/go.mod h1:BwFmGc8tA3vsd7r/7kR8DY7iEEGSU04BFxCo5jP/sfE=
 google.golang.org/api v0.24.0/go.mod h1:lIXQywCXRcnZPGlsd8NbLnOjtAoL6em04bJ9+z0MncE=
 google.golang.org/api v0.28.0/go.mod h1:lIXQywCXRcnZPGlsd8NbLnOjtAoL6em04bJ9+z0MncE=
-google.golang.org/api v0.189.0 h1:equMo30LypAkdkLMBqfeIqtyAnlyig1JSZArl4XPwdI=
-google.golang.org/api v0.189.0/go.mod h1:FLWGJKb0hb+pU2j+rJqwbnsF+ym+fQs73rbJ+KAUgy8=
+google.golang.org/api v0.190.0 h1:ASM+IhLY1zljNdLu19W1jTmU6A+gMk6M46Wlur61s+Q=
+google.golang.org/api v0.190.0/go.mod h1:QIr6I9iedBLnfqoD6L6Vze1UvS5Hzj5r2aUBOaZnLHo=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.1.0/go.mod h1:EbEs0AVv82hx2wNQdGPgUI5lhzA/G0D9YwlJXL52JkM=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.2.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
@@ -1085,10 +1085,10 @@ google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200515170657-fc4c6c6a6587/go.mod h1:YsZOwe1m
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200526211855-cb27e3aa2013/go.mod h1:NbSheEEYHJ7i3ixzK3sjbqSGDJWnxyFXZblF3eUsNvo=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200618031413-b414f8b61790/go.mod h1:jDfRM7FcilCzHH/e9qn6dsT145K34l5v+OpcnNgKAAA=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200825200019-8632dd797987/go.mod h1:FWY/as6DDZQgahTzZj3fqbO1CbirC29ZNUFHwi0/+no=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240711142825-46eb208f015d h1:kHjw/5UfflP/L5EbledDrcG4C2597RtymmGRZvHiCuY=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240711142825-46eb208f015d/go.mod h1:mw8MG/Qz5wfgYr6VqVCiZcHe/GJEfI+oGGDCohaVgB0=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240722135656-d784300faade h1:oCRSWfwGXQsqlVdErcyTt4A93Y8fo0/9D4b1gnI++qo=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240722135656-d784300faade/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240725223205-93522f1f2a9f h1:b1Ln/PG8orm0SsBbHZWke8dDp2lrCD4jSmfglFpTZbk=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240725223205-93522f1f2a9f/go.mod h1:AHT0dDg3SoMOgZGnZk29b5xTbPHMoEC8qthmBLJCpys=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240730163845-b1a4ccb954bf h1:liao9UHurZLtiEwBgT9LMOnKYsHze6eA6w1KQCMVN2Q=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240730163845-b1a4ccb954bf/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.17.0/go.mod h1:6QZJwpn2B+Zp71q/5VxRsJ6NXXVCE5NRUHRo+f3cWCs=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.20.0/go.mod h1:chYK+tFQF0nDUGJgXMSgLCQk3phJEuONr2DCgLDdAQM=

From 5aeb5061f9e7abc4744b570c323964c6c06df593 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 23:46:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 027/180] build(deps): bump actions/setup-go from 5.0.1 to
 5.0.2

Bumps [actions/setup-go](https://github.com/actions/setup-go) from 5.0.1 to 5.0.2.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-go/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/setup-go/compare/cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7...0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-go
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index a5a09a98f..c97d090b3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: 1.22.x
       - run: |
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           cache: false
           go-version: 1.22.x
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: 1.22.x
       - name: Install snmp_exporter/generator dependencies

From 8867959c5493127b4f7add2e7a20c054bab61c57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 23:46:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 028/180] build(deps): bump ossf/scorecard-action from 2.3.3 to
 2.4.0

Bumps [ossf/scorecard-action](https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action) from 2.3.3 to 2.4.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action/blob/main/RELEASE.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action/compare/dc50aa9510b46c811795eb24b2f1ba02a914e534...62b2cac7ed8198b15735ed49ab1e5cf35480ba46)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: ossf/scorecard-action
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/scorecards.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
index c82fa87a1..a6eecccc9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: "Run analysis"
-        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@dc50aa9510b46c811795eb24b2f1ba02a914e534 # tag=v2.3.3
+        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@62b2cac7ed8198b15735ed49ab1e5cf35480ba46 # tag=v2.4.0
         with:
           results_file: results.sarif
           results_format: sarif

From 9bc42f4400d2be308054f91b14a1402b4485d0d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 23:46:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 029/180] build(deps): bump bufbuild/buf-setup-action from
 1.34.0 to 1.35.1

Bumps [bufbuild/buf-setup-action](https://github.com/bufbuild/buf-setup-action) from 1.34.0 to 1.35.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/bufbuild/buf-setup-action/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/bufbuild/buf-setup-action/compare/35c243d7f2a909b1d4e40399b348a7fdab27d78d...aceb106d2419c4cff48863df90161d92decb8591)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: bufbuild/buf-setup-action
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/buf-lint.yml | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/buf.yml      | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/buf-lint.yml b/.github/workflows/buf-lint.yml
index cbfeb2ba5..9f60a2336 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/buf-lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buf-lint.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@35c243d7f2a909b1d4e40399b348a7fdab27d78d # v1.34.0
+      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@aceb106d2419c4cff48863df90161d92decb8591 # v1.35.1
         with:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - uses: bufbuild/buf-lint-action@06f9dd823d873146471cfaaf108a993fe00e5325 # v1.1.1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/buf.yml b/.github/workflows/buf.yml
index 8b964ef24..1856fb95e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/buf.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buf.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'prometheus'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@35c243d7f2a909b1d4e40399b348a7fdab27d78d # v1.34.0
+      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@aceb106d2419c4cff48863df90161d92decb8591 # v1.35.1
         with:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - uses: bufbuild/buf-lint-action@06f9dd823d873146471cfaaf108a993fe00e5325 # v1.1.1

From 918ce1f8c234170f9a5c7eff537496bda9665be6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 23:46:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 030/180] build(deps): bump github/codeql-action from 3.25.11
 to 3.25.15

Bumps [github/codeql-action](https://github.com/github/codeql-action) from 3.25.11 to 3.25.15.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/compare/b611370bb5703a7efb587f9d136a52ea24c5c38c...afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github/codeql-action
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml | 6 +++---
 .github/workflows/scorecards.yml      | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
index 12ffc659c..2e1bd3024 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
 
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@b611370bb5703a7efb587f9d136a52ea24c5c38c # v3.25.11
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
 
       - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@b611370bb5703a7efb587f9d136a52ea24c5c38c # v3.25.11
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@b611370bb5703a7efb587f9d136a52ea24c5c38c # v3.25.11
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
index c82fa87a1..40e867510 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
@@ -45,6 +45,6 @@ jobs:
 
       # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
       - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@b611370bb5703a7efb587f9d136a52ea24c5c38c # tag=v3.25.11
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # tag=v3.25.15
         with:
           sarif_file: results.sarif

From 3cad51bcb2e9cdacf8e0ffb9b6ebf1f8296546e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 23:46:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 031/180] build(deps): bump golangci/golangci-lint-action from
 6.0.1 to 6.1.0

Bumps [golangci/golangci-lint-action](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action) from 6.0.1 to 6.1.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action/compare/a4f60bb28d35aeee14e6880718e0c85ff1882e64...aaa42aa0628b4ae2578232a66b541047968fac86)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: golangci/golangci-lint-action
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index a5a09a98f..b08e7389b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ jobs:
         run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install libsnmp-dev
         if: github.repository == 'prometheus/snmp_exporter'
       - name: Lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@a4f60bb28d35aeee14e6880718e0c85ff1882e64 # v6.0.1
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@aaa42aa0628b4ae2578232a66b541047968fac86 # v6.1.0
         with:
           args: --verbose
           # Make sure to sync this with Makefile.common and scripts/golangci-lint.yml.

From f6f911db751fb4011ff1298c43a5c5bf262df55f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 23:46:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 032/180] build(deps): bump actions/upload-artifact from 4.3.3
 to 4.3.4

Bumps [actions/upload-artifact](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact) from 4.3.3 to 4.3.4.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/compare/65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808...0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/upload-artifact
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/fuzzing.yml    | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/scorecards.yml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yml b/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yml
index dc510e596..f3953cb2a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
           fuzz-seconds: 600
           dry-run: false
       - name: Upload Crash
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
         if: failure() && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
         with:
           name: artifacts
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
index c82fa87a1..6e16660ac 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
       # Upload the results as artifacts (optional). Commenting out will disable uploads of run results in SARIF
       # format to the repository Actions tab.
       - name: "Upload artifact"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # tag=v4.3.3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # tag=v4.3.4
         with:
           name: SARIF file
           path: results.sarif

From 7d086171fc3c12af970aa3fb43ca280c23a4a205 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 23:54:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 033/180] build(deps): bump golangci/golangci-lint-action in
 /scripts

Bumps [golangci/golangci-lint-action](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action) from 6.0.1 to 6.1.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint-action/compare/a4f60bb28d35aeee14e6880718e0c85ff1882e64...aaa42aa0628b4ae2578232a66b541047968fac86)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: golangci/golangci-lint-action
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 scripts/golangci-lint.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/golangci-lint.yml b/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
index 83ae3906c..937f2e21d 100644
--- a/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
+++ b/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
         run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install libsnmp-dev
         if: github.repository == 'prometheus/snmp_exporter'
       - name: Lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@a4f60bb28d35aeee14e6880718e0c85ff1882e64 # v6.0.1
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@aaa42aa0628b4ae2578232a66b541047968fac86 # v6.1.0
         with:
           args: --verbose
           version: v1.59.1

From 4553d1baa62da853e7e6e4841f9a376af47b327e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 23:54:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 034/180] build(deps): bump actions/setup-go from 5.0.1 to
 5.0.2 in /scripts

Bumps [actions/setup-go](https://github.com/actions/setup-go) from 5.0.1 to 5.0.2.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-go/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/setup-go/compare/cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7...0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-go
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 scripts/golangci-lint.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/golangci-lint.yml b/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
index 83ae3906c..90e3ed79a 100644
--- a/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
+++ b/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@cdcb36043654635271a94b9a6d1392de5bb323a7 # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
         with:
           go-version: 1.22.x
       - name: Install snmp_exporter/generator dependencies

From a5666dded5d12582923626d68f9ec5fffb0a7efe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2024 10:06:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 035/180] build(deps): bump @codemirror/view from 6.28.3 to
 6.29.1 in /web/ui (#14564)

Bumps [@codemirror/view](https://github.com/codemirror/view) from 6.28.3 to 6.29.1.
- [Changelog](https://github.com/codemirror/view/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/codemirror/view/compare/6.28.3...6.29.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: "@codemirror/view"
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json |  2 +-
 web/ui/package-lock.json                     | 10 +++++-----
 web/ui/react-app/package.json                |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
index ba924346f..51463e08a 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     "@codemirror/language": "^6.10.2",
     "@codemirror/lint": "^6.8.1",
     "@codemirror/state": "^6.3.3",
-    "@codemirror/view": "^6.28.3",
+    "@codemirror/view": "^6.29.1",
     "@lezer/common": "^1.2.1",
     "@lezer/highlight": "^1.2.0",
     "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
diff --git a/web/ui/package-lock.json b/web/ui/package-lock.json
index 2028c3402..c866cf35e 100644
--- a/web/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
         "@codemirror/language": "^6.10.2",
         "@codemirror/lint": "^6.8.1",
         "@codemirror/state": "^6.3.3",
-        "@codemirror/view": "^6.28.3",
+        "@codemirror/view": "^6.29.1",
         "@lezer/common": "^1.2.1",
         "@lezer/highlight": "^1.2.0",
         "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
@@ -2093,9 +2093,9 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-QkEyUiLhsJoZkbumGZlswmAhA7CBU02Wrz7zvH4SrcifbsqwlXShVXg65f3v/ts57W3dqyamEriMhij1Z3Zz4A=="
     },
     "node_modules/@codemirror/view": {
-      "version": "6.28.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/view/-/view-6.28.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QVqP+ko078/h9yrW+u5grX3rQhC+BkGKADRrlDaJznfPngJOv5zObiVf0+SgAWhL/Yt0nvZ+10rO3L+gU5IbFw==",
+      "version": "6.29.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/view/-/view-6.29.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7r+DlO/QFwPqKp73uq5mmrS4TuLPUVotbNOKYzN3OLP5ScrOVXcm4g13/48b6ZXGhdmzMinzFYqH0vo+qihIkQ==",
       "dependencies": {
         "@codemirror/state": "^6.4.0",
         "style-mod": "^4.1.0",
@@ -19340,7 +19340,7 @@
         "@codemirror/lint": "^6.8.1",
         "@codemirror/search": "^6.5.6",
         "@codemirror/state": "^6.3.3",
-        "@codemirror/view": "^6.28.3",
+        "@codemirror/view": "^6.29.1",
         "@forevolve/bootstrap-dark": "^4.0.2",
         "@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core": "6.5.2",
         "@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons": "6.5.2",
diff --git a/web/ui/react-app/package.json b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
index c8002433a..a1b15b8f7 100644
--- a/web/ui/react-app/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     "@codemirror/lint": "^6.8.1",
     "@codemirror/search": "^6.5.6",
     "@codemirror/state": "^6.3.3",
-    "@codemirror/view": "^6.28.3",
+    "@codemirror/view": "^6.29.1",
     "@forevolve/bootstrap-dark": "^4.0.2",
     "@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core": "6.5.2",
     "@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons": "6.5.2",

From 5681ec50e1fc1e591c4dcc63eb343478ea2082ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2024 11:47:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 036/180] build(deps): bump @lezer/lr from 1.4.1 to 1.4.2 in
 /web/ui (#14560)

Bumps [@lezer/lr](https://github.com/lezer-parser/lr) from 1.4.1 to 1.4.2.
- [Changelog](https://github.com/lezer-parser/lr/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/lezer-parser/lr/compare/1.4.1...1.4.2)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: "@lezer/lr"
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json |  2 +-
 web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json      |  2 +-
 web/ui/package-lock.json                     | 12 ++++++------
 web/ui/react-app/package.json                |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
index 51463e08a..40053865b 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
     "@codemirror/view": "^6.29.1",
     "@lezer/common": "^1.2.1",
     "@lezer/highlight": "^1.2.0",
-    "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
+    "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.2",
     "isomorphic-fetch": "^3.0.0",
     "nock": "^13.5.4"
   },
diff --git a/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
index 43a5c44fa..8195c5f1e 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
   "devDependencies": {
     "@lezer/generator": "^1.7.1",
     "@lezer/highlight": "^1.2.0",
-    "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1"
+    "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.2"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@lezer/highlight": "^1.1.2",
diff --git a/web/ui/package-lock.json b/web/ui/package-lock.json
index c866cf35e..6a759a8bc 100644
--- a/web/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
         "@codemirror/view": "^6.29.1",
         "@lezer/common": "^1.2.1",
         "@lezer/highlight": "^1.2.0",
-        "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
+        "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.2",
         "isomorphic-fetch": "^3.0.0",
         "nock": "^13.5.4"
       },
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
       "devDependencies": {
         "@lezer/generator": "^1.7.1",
         "@lezer/highlight": "^1.2.0",
-        "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1"
+        "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.2"
       },
       "peerDependencies": {
         "@lezer/highlight": "^1.1.2",
@@ -3391,9 +3391,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@lezer/lr": {
-      "version": "1.4.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lezer/lr/-/lr-1.4.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-CHsKq8DMKBf9b3yXPDIU4DbH+ZJd/sJdYOW2llbW/HudP5u0VS6Bfq1hLYfgU7uAYGFIyGGQIsSOXGPEErZiJw==",
+      "version": "1.4.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lezer/lr/-/lr-1.4.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pu0K1jCIdnQ12aWNaAVU5bzi7Bd1w54J3ECgANPmYLtQKP0HBj2cE/5coBD66MT10xbtIuUr7tg0Shbsvk0mDA==",
       "dependencies": {
         "@lezer/common": "^1.0.0"
       }
@@ -19347,7 +19347,7 @@
         "@fortawesome/react-fontawesome": "0.2.0",
         "@lezer/common": "^1.2.1",
         "@lezer/highlight": "^1.2.0",
-        "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
+        "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.2",
         "@nexucis/fuzzy": "^0.4.1",
         "@nexucis/kvsearch": "^0.8.1",
         "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.53.1",
diff --git a/web/ui/react-app/package.json b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
index a1b15b8f7..5e3c684ba 100644
--- a/web/ui/react-app/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
     "@fortawesome/react-fontawesome": "0.2.0",
     "@lezer/common": "^1.2.1",
     "@lezer/highlight": "^1.2.0",
-    "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
+    "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.2",
     "@nexucis/fuzzy": "^0.4.1",
     "@nexucis/kvsearch": "^0.8.1",
     "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.53.1",

From 77d111e5013f386d8cac403d31aff17e1a351cf8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2024 14:25:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 037/180]  Fix links to feature flags page

Signed-off-by: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
---
 docs/querying/functions.md | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/querying/functions.md b/docs/querying/functions.md
index de65e693d..ee81328b5 100644
--- a/docs/querying/functions.md
+++ b/docs/querying/functions.md
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ Like `sort`, `sort_desc` only affects the results of instant queries, as range q
 
 ## `sort_by_label()`
 
-**This function has to be enabled via the [feature flag](../feature_flags/) `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions`.**
+**This function has to be enabled via the [feature flag](../feature_flags.md) `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions`.**
 
 `sort_by_label(v instant-vector, label string, ...)` returns vector elements sorted by their label values and sample value in case of label values being equal, in ascending order.
 
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ This function uses [natural sort order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_so
 
 ## `sort_by_label_desc()`
 
-**This function has to be enabled via the [feature flag](../feature_flags/) `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions`.**
+**This function has to be enabled via the [feature flag](../feature_flags.md) `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions`.**
 
 Same as `sort_by_label`, but sorts in descending order.
 
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ over time and return an instant vector with per-series aggregation results:
 * `last_over_time(range-vector)`: the most recent point value in the specified interval.
 * `present_over_time(range-vector)`: the value 1 for any series in the specified interval.
 
-If the [feature flag](../feature_flags/)
+If the [feature flag](../feature_flags.md)
 `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions` is set, the following
 additional functions are available:
 

From 099d209a2688fca7adbb66bc9da3556c2cb58132 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2024 13:20:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 038/180] build(deps): bump braces from 3.0.2 to 3.0.3 in
 /web/ui

Bumps [braces](https://github.com/micromatch/braces) from 3.0.2 to 3.0.3.
- [Changelog](https://github.com/micromatch/braces/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/micromatch/braces/compare/3.0.2...3.0.3)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: braces
  dependency-type: indirect
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 web/ui/package-lock.json | 18 +++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/web/ui/package-lock.json b/web/ui/package-lock.json
index 6a759a8bc..641d4b388 100644
--- a/web/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -5639,10 +5639,11 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/braces": {
-      "version": "3.0.2",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "version": "3.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/braces/-/braces-3.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yQbXgO/OSZVD2IsiLlro+7Hf6Q18EJrKSEsdoMzKePKXct3gvD8oLcOQdIzGupr5Fj+EDe8gO/lxc1BzfMpxvA==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "fill-range": "^7.0.1"
+        "fill-range": "^7.1.1"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8"
@@ -8368,8 +8369,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/fill-range": {
-      "version": "7.0.1",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "version": "7.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fill-range/-/fill-range-7.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YsGpe3WHLK8ZYi4tWDg2Jy3ebRz2rXowDxnld4bkQB00cc/1Zw9AWnC0i9ztDJitivtQvaI9KaLyKrc+hBW0yg==",
       "dependencies": {
         "to-regex-range": "^5.0.1"
       },
@@ -9548,7 +9550,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/is-number": {
       "version": "7.0.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-number/-/is-number-7.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-41Cifkg6e8TylSpdtTpeLVMqvSBEVzTttHvERD741+pnZ8ANv0004MRL43QKPDlK9cGvNp6NZWZUBlbGXYxxng==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=0.12.0"
       }
@@ -17969,7 +17972,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/to-regex-range": {
       "version": "5.0.1",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/to-regex-range/-/to-regex-range-5.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-65P7iz6X5yEr1cwcgvQxbbIw7Uk3gOy5dIdtZ4rDveLqhrdJP+Li/Hx6tyK0NEb+2GCyneCMJiGqrADCSNk8sQ==",
       "dependencies": {
         "is-number": "^7.0.0"
       },

From 6b9c386d143bc3aa2f5075917f03b787d4ff9982 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2024 15:58:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 039/180] build(deps): bump follow-redirects from 1.15.2 to
 1.15.6 in /web/ui

Bumps [follow-redirects](https://github.com/follow-redirects/follow-redirects) from 1.15.2 to 1.15.6.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/follow-redirects/follow-redirects/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/follow-redirects/follow-redirects/compare/v1.15.2...v1.15.6)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: follow-redirects
  dependency-type: indirect
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 web/ui/package-lock.json | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/web/ui/package-lock.json b/web/ui/package-lock.json
index 641d4b388..d477bb20a 100644
--- a/web/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -8458,14 +8458,15 @@
       "license": "ISC"
     },
     "node_modules/follow-redirects": {
-      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "version": "1.15.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/follow-redirects/-/follow-redirects-1.15.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wWN62YITEaOpSK584EZXJafH1AGpO8RVgElfkuXbTOrPX4fIfOyEpW/CsiNd8JdYrAoOvafRTOEnvsO++qCqFA==",
       "funding": [
         {
           "type": "individual",
           "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/RubenVerborgh"
         }
       ],
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=4.0"
       },

From 12dd9991645a17bf7fba4395b19081a1d80d6a30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2024 15:58:56 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 040/180] build(deps-dev): bump ejs from 3.1.8 to 3.1.10 in
 /web/ui

Bumps [ejs](https://github.com/mde/ejs) from 3.1.8 to 3.1.10.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/mde/ejs/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/mde/ejs/compare/v3.1.8...v3.1.10)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: ejs
  dependency-type: indirect
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 web/ui/package-lock.json | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/web/ui/package-lock.json b/web/ui/package-lock.json
index 641d4b388..00c24c9cf 100644
--- a/web/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -7113,9 +7113,10 @@
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/ejs": {
-      "version": "3.1.8",
+      "version": "3.1.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ejs/-/ejs-3.1.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-UeJmFfOrAQS8OJWPZ4qtgHyWExa088/MtK5UEyoJGFH67cDEXkZSviOiKRCZ4Xij0zxI3JECgYs3oKx+AizQBA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "jake": "^10.8.5"
       },

From 983d0bd5cb86e904cfaf6dde96d8b7ba30ea69f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2024 16:00:36 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 041/180] build(deps-dev): bump express from 4.18.1 to 4.19.2
 in /web/ui

Bumps [express](https://github.com/expressjs/express) from 4.18.1 to 4.19.2.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/expressjs/express/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/expressjs/express/blob/master/History.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/expressjs/express/compare/4.18.1...4.19.2)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: express
  dependency-type: indirect
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 web/ui/package-lock.json | 68 ++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/web/ui/package-lock.json b/web/ui/package-lock.json
index 641d4b388..0bd199720 100644
--- a/web/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -5541,20 +5541,21 @@
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/body-parser": {
-      "version": "1.20.0",
+      "version": "1.20.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/body-parser/-/body-parser-1.20.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ml9pReCu3M61kGlqoTm2umSXTlRTuGTx0bfYj+uIUKKYycG5NtSbeetV3faSU6R7ajOPw0g/J1PvK4qNy7s5bA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "bytes": "3.1.2",
-        "content-type": "~1.0.4",
+        "content-type": "~1.0.5",
         "debug": "2.6.9",
         "depd": "2.0.0",
         "destroy": "1.2.0",
         "http-errors": "2.0.0",
         "iconv-lite": "0.4.24",
         "on-finished": "2.4.1",
-        "qs": "6.10.3",
-        "raw-body": "2.5.1",
+        "qs": "6.11.0",
+        "raw-body": "2.5.2",
         "type-is": "~1.6.18",
         "unpipe": "1.0.0"
       },
@@ -5565,24 +5566,27 @@
     },
     "node_modules/body-parser/node_modules/bytes": {
       "version": "3.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bytes/-/bytes-3.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/Nf7TyzTx6S3yRJObOAV7956r8cr2+Oj8AC5dt8wSP3BQAoeX58NoHyCU8P8zGkNXStjTSi6fzO6F0pBdcYbEg==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 0.8"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/body-parser/node_modules/debug": {
       "version": "2.6.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/debug/-/debug-2.6.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bC7ElrdJaJnPbAP+1EotYvqZsb3ecl5wi6Bfi6BJTUcNowp6cvspg0jXznRTKDjm/E7AdgFBVeAPVMNcKGsHMA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "ms": "2.0.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/body-parser/node_modules/iconv-lite": {
       "version": "0.4.24",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/iconv-lite/-/iconv-lite-0.4.24.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-v3MXnZAcvnywkTUEZomIActle7RXXeedOR31wwl7VlyoXO4Qi9arvSenNQWne1TcRwhCL1HwLI21bEqdpj8/rA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "safer-buffer": ">= 2.1.2 < 3"
       },
@@ -5592,8 +5596,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/body-parser/node_modules/ms": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Tpp60P6IUJDTuOq/5Z8cdskzJujfwqfOTkrwIwj7IRISpnkJnT6SyJ4PCPnGMoFjC9ddhal5KVIYtAt97ix05A==",
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/bonjour-service": {
       "version": "1.0.14",
@@ -6215,9 +6220,10 @@
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/content-type": {
-      "version": "1.0.4",
+      "version": "1.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/content-type/-/content-type-1.0.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nTjqfcBFEipKdXCv4YDQWCfmcLZKm81ldF0pAopTvyrFGVbcR6P/VAAd5G7N+0tTr8QqiU0tFadD6FK4NtJwOA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 0.6"
       }
@@ -6231,9 +6237,10 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/cookie": {
-      "version": "0.5.0",
+      "version": "0.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie/-/cookie-0.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-U71cyTamuh1CRNCfpGY6to28lxvNwPG4Guz/EVjgf3Jmzv0vlDp1atT9eS5dDjMYHucpHbWns6Lwf3BKz6svdw==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 0.6"
       }
@@ -8148,16 +8155,17 @@
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/express": {
-      "version": "4.18.1",
+      "version": "4.19.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.19.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5T6nhjsT+EOMzuck8JjBHARTHfMht0POzlA60WV2pMD3gyXw2LZnZ+ueGdNxG+0calOJcWKbpFcuzLZ91YWq9Q==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "accepts": "~1.3.8",
         "array-flatten": "1.1.1",
-        "body-parser": "1.20.0",
+        "body-parser": "1.20.2",
         "content-disposition": "0.5.4",
         "content-type": "~1.0.4",
-        "cookie": "0.5.0",
+        "cookie": "0.6.0",
         "cookie-signature": "1.0.6",
         "debug": "2.6.9",
         "depd": "2.0.0",
@@ -8173,7 +8181,7 @@
         "parseurl": "~1.3.3",
         "path-to-regexp": "0.1.7",
         "proxy-addr": "~2.0.7",
-        "qs": "6.10.3",
+        "qs": "6.11.0",
         "range-parser": "~1.2.1",
         "safe-buffer": "5.2.1",
         "send": "0.18.0",
@@ -12362,8 +12370,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/media-typer": {
       "version": "0.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/media-typer/-/media-typer-0.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dq+qelQ9akHpcOl/gUVRTxVIOkAJ1wR3QAvb4RsVjS8oVoFjDGTc679wJYmUmknUF5HwMLOgb5O+a3KxfWapPQ==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 0.6"
       }
@@ -14787,9 +14796,10 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/qs": {
-      "version": "6.10.3",
+      "version": "6.11.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/qs/-/qs-6.11.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MvjoMCJwEarSbUYk5O+nmoSzSutSsTwF85zcHPQ9OrlFoZOYIjaqBAJIqIXjptyD5vThxGq52Xu/MaJzRkIk4Q==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
         "side-channel": "^1.0.4"
       },
@@ -14877,9 +14887,10 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/raw-body": {
-      "version": "2.5.1",
+      "version": "2.5.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/raw-body/-/raw-body-2.5.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8zGqypfENjCIqGhgXToC8aB2r7YrBX+AQAfIPs/Mlk+BtPTztOvTS01NRW/3Eh60J+a48lt8qsCzirQ6loCVfA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "bytes": "3.1.2",
         "http-errors": "2.0.0",
@@ -14892,16 +14903,18 @@
     },
     "node_modules/raw-body/node_modules/bytes": {
       "version": "3.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bytes/-/bytes-3.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/Nf7TyzTx6S3yRJObOAV7956r8cr2+Oj8AC5dt8wSP3BQAoeX58NoHyCU8P8zGkNXStjTSi6fzO6F0pBdcYbEg==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 0.8"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/raw-body/node_modules/iconv-lite": {
       "version": "0.4.24",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/iconv-lite/-/iconv-lite-0.4.24.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-v3MXnZAcvnywkTUEZomIActle7RXXeedOR31wwl7VlyoXO4Qi9arvSenNQWne1TcRwhCL1HwLI21bEqdpj8/rA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "safer-buffer": ">= 2.1.2 < 3"
       },
@@ -18195,8 +18208,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/type-is": {
       "version": "1.6.18",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/type-is/-/type-is-1.6.18.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-TkRKr9sUTxEH8MdfuCSP7VizJyzRNMjj2J2do2Jr3Kym598JVdEksuzPQCnlFPW4ky9Q+iA+ma9BGm06XQBy8g==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "media-typer": "0.3.0",
         "mime-types": "~2.1.24"

From 58aa1887476e3e2489eccea5706741f0a5bb3e26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2024 16:52:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 042/180] build(deps): bump
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity

Bumps [github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go) from 1.5.2 to 1.6.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/blob/main/documentation/release.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/compare/sdk/internal/v1.5.2...sdk/azcore/v1.6.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity
  dependency-type: indirect
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod |  5 ++---
 documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum | 15 ++++++---------
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod
index 4c41a6606..35dca85a0 100644
--- a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod
+++ b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ require (
 
 require (
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.11.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20231202071711-9a357b53e9c9 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.53.16 // indirect
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/jpillora/backoff v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8 // indirect
-	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
diff --git a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum
index 9898d75d7..4c420092f 100644
--- a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum
+++ b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.11.1 h1:E+OJmp2tPvt1W+amx48v1eqbjDYsgN+RzP4q16yV5eM=
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.11.1/go.mod h1:a6xsAQUZg+VsS3TJ05SRp524Hs4pZ/AeFSr5ENf0Yjo=
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.5.2 h1:FDif4R1+UUR+00q6wquyX90K7A8dN+R5E8GEadoP7sU=
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.5.2/go.mod h1:aiYBYui4BJ/BJCAIKs92XiPyQfTaBWqvHujDwKb6CBU=
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.6.0 h1:sUFnFjzDUie80h24I7mrKtwCKgLY9L8h5Tp2x9+TWqk=
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.6.0/go.mod h1:52JbnQTp15qg5mRkMBHwp0j0ZFwHJ42Sx3zVV5RE9p0=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.6.0 h1:U2rTu3Ef+7w9FHKIAXM6ZyqF3UOWJZ12zIm8zECAFfg=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.6.0/go.mod h1:9kIvujWAA58nmPmWB1m23fyWic1kYZMxD9CxaWn4Qpg=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.8.0 h1:jBQA3cKT4L2rWMpgE7Yt3Hwh2aUj8KXjIGLxjHeYNNo=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.8.0/go.mod h1:4OG6tQ9EOP/MT0NMjDlRzWoVFxfu9rN9B2X+tlSVktg=
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/resourcemanager/compute/armcompute/v5 v5.7.0 h1:LkHbJbgF3YyvC53aqYGR+wWQDn2Rdp9AQdGndf9QvY4=
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/resourcemanager/compute/armcompute/v5 v5.7.0/go.mod h1:QyiQdW4f4/BIfB8ZutZ2s+28RAgfa/pT+zS++ZHyM1I=
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/resourcemanager/network/armnetwork/v4 v4.3.0 h1:bXwSugBiSbgtz7rOtbfGf+woewp4f06orW9OP5BjHLA=
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UF
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240318125728-8a4994d93e50 h1:DBmgJDC9dTfkVyGgipamEh2BpGYxScCH1TOF1LL1cXc=
 github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240318125728-8a4994d93e50/go.mod h1:5e1+Vvlzido69INQaVO6d87Qn543Xr6nooe9Kz7oBFM=
-github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
@@ -50,8 +49,6 @@ github.com/digitalocean/godo v1.117.0 h1:WVlTe09melDYTd7VCVyvHcNWbgB+uI1O115+5LO
 github.com/digitalocean/godo v1.117.0/go.mod h1:Vk0vpCot2HOAJwc5WE8wljZGtJ3ZtWIc8MQ8rF38sdo=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.5.0 h1:/FUIFXtfc/x2gpa5/VGfiGLuOIdYa1t65IKK2OFGvA0=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.5.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
-github.com/dnaeon/go-vcr v1.2.0 h1:zHCHvJYTMh1N7xnV7zf1m1GPBF9Ad0Jk/whtQ1663qI=
-github.com/dnaeon/go-vcr v1.2.0/go.mod h1:R4UdLID7HZT3taECzJs4YgbbH6PIGXB6W/sc5OLb6RQ=
 github.com/docker/docker v26.1.3+incompatible h1:lLCzRbrVZrljpVNobJu1J2FHk8V0s4BawoZippkc+xo=
 github.com/docker/docker v26.1.3+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
 github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 h1:El9xVISelRB7BuFusrZozjnkIM5YnzCViNKohAFqRJQ=
@@ -279,8 +276,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 h1:YagwOFzUgYfKKHX6Dr+sHT7km/hxC76UB0leargg
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1/go.mod h1:fB45yRUv8NstnjriLhBQLuOUt+WW4BsoGhij/e3PBqk=
 github.com/prometheus/prometheus v0.53.1-0.20240704074759-c137febfcf8c h1:6GEA48LnonkYZhQ654v7QTIP5uBTbCEVm49oIhif5lc=
 github.com/prometheus/prometheus v0.53.1-0.20240704074759-c137febfcf8c/go.mod h1:FcNs5wa7M9yV8IlxlB/05s5oy9vULUIlu/tZsviRIT8=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0 h1:TMyTOH3F/DB16zRVcYyreMH6GnZZrwQVAoYjRBZyWFQ=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0/go.mod h1:UQnix2H7Ngw/k4C5ijL5+65zddjncjaFoBhdsK/akog=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 h1:exVL4IDcn6na9z1rAb56Vxr+CgyK3nn3O+epU5NdKM8=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0/go.mod h1:E+RYuTGaKKdloAfM02xzb0FW3Paa99yedzYV+kq4uf4=
 github.com/scaleway/scaleway-sdk-go v1.0.0-beta.27 h1:yGAraK1uUjlhSXgNMIy8o/J4LFNcy7yeipBqt9N9mVg=
 github.com/scaleway/scaleway-sdk-go v1.0.0-beta.27/go.mod h1:fCa7OJZ/9DRTnOKmxvT6pn+LPWUptQAmHF/SBJUGEcg=
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.2.0/go.mod h1:LxeOpSwHxABJmUn/MG1IvRgCAasNZTLOkJPxbbu5VWo=

From bded8530357d40166f70952ebc3b9803db9e63e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2024 22:55:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 043/180] [Test] TSDB: TestOOOCompaction with samples added
 after compaction starts

Test fails due to bug.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/db.go      |  8 ++++++++
 tsdb/db_test.go | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/db.go b/tsdb/db.go
index 090d6fcf0..87870a847 100644
--- a/tsdb/db.go
+++ b/tsdb/db.go
@@ -1295,6 +1295,9 @@ func (db *DB) CompactOOOHead(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return db.compactOOOHead(ctx)
 }
 
+// Callback for testing.
+var compactOOOHeadTestingCallback func()
+
 func (db *DB) compactOOOHead(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if !db.oooWasEnabled.Load() {
 		return nil
@@ -1304,6 +1307,11 @@ func (db *DB) compactOOOHead(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get ooo compaction head: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if compactOOOHeadTestingCallback != nil {
+		compactOOOHeadTestingCallback()
+		compactOOOHeadTestingCallback = nil
+	}
+
 	ulids, err := db.compactOOO(db.dir, oooHead)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("compact ooo head: %w", err)
diff --git a/tsdb/db_test.go b/tsdb/db_test.go
index c0edafe08..3dae9a5d1 100644
--- a/tsdb/db_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/db_test.go
@@ -4497,12 +4497,15 @@ func TestMetadataAssertInMemoryData(t *testing.T) {
 func TestOOOCompaction(t *testing.T) {
 	for name, scenario := range sampleTypeScenarios {
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			testOOOCompaction(t, scenario)
+			testOOOCompaction(t, scenario, false)
+		})
+		t.Run(name+"+extra", func(t *testing.T) {
+			testOOOCompaction(t, scenario, true)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
+func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario, addExtraSamples bool) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
@@ -4533,7 +4536,7 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	}
 
 	// Add an in-order samples.
-	addSample(250, 350)
+	addSample(250, 300)
 
 	// Verify that the in-memory ooo chunk is empty.
 	checkEmptyOOOChunk := func(lbls labels.Labels) {
@@ -4547,15 +4550,17 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 
 	// Add ooo samples that creates multiple chunks.
 	// 90 to 300 spans across 3 block ranges: [0, 120), [120, 240), [240, 360)
-	addSample(90, 310)
+	addSample(90, 300)
 	// Adding same samples to create overlapping chunks.
 	// Since the active chunk won't start at 90 again, all the new
 	// chunks will have different time ranges than the previous chunks.
-	addSample(90, 310)
+	addSample(90, 300)
+
+	var highest int64 = 300
 
 	verifyDBSamples := func() {
 		var series1Samples, series2Samples []chunks.Sample
-		for _, r := range [][2]int64{{90, 119}, {120, 239}, {240, 350}} {
+		for _, r := range [][2]int64{{90, 119}, {120, 239}, {240, highest}} {
 			fromMins, toMins := r[0], r[1]
 			for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
 				ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
@@ -4583,7 +4588,7 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.False(t, created)
 		require.Positive(t, ms.ooo.oooHeadChunk.chunk.NumSamples())
-		require.Len(t, ms.ooo.oooMmappedChunks, 14) // 7 original, 7 duplicate.
+		require.Len(t, ms.ooo.oooMmappedChunks, 13) // 7 original, 6 duplicate.
 	}
 	checkNonEmptyOOOChunk(series1)
 	checkNonEmptyOOOChunk(series2)
@@ -4601,6 +4606,15 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Greater(t, f.Size(), int64(100))
 
+	if addExtraSamples {
+		compactOOOHeadTestingCallback = func() {
+			addSample(90, 120)  // Back in time, to generate a new OOO chunk.
+			addSample(300, 330) // Now some samples after the previous highest timestamp.
+			addSample(300, 330) // Repeat to generate an OOO chunk at these timestamps.
+		}
+		highest = 330
+	}
+
 	// OOO compaction happens here.
 	require.NoError(t, db.CompactOOOHead(ctx))
 
@@ -4616,11 +4630,13 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	require.Equal(t, "00000001", files[0].Name())
 	f, err = files[0].Info()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, int64(0), f.Size())
 
-	// OOO stuff should not be present in the Head now.
-	checkEmptyOOOChunk(series1)
-	checkEmptyOOOChunk(series2)
+	if !addExtraSamples {
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), f.Size())
+		// OOO stuff should not be present in the Head now.
+		checkEmptyOOOChunk(series1)
+		checkEmptyOOOChunk(series2)
+	}
 
 	verifySamples := func(block *Block, fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		series1Samples := make([]chunks.Sample, 0, toMins-fromMins+1)
@@ -4645,7 +4661,7 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	// Checking for expected data in the blocks.
 	verifySamples(db.Blocks()[0], 90, 119)
 	verifySamples(db.Blocks()[1], 120, 239)
-	verifySamples(db.Blocks()[2], 240, 310)
+	verifySamples(db.Blocks()[2], 240, 299)
 
 	// There should be a single m-map file.
 	mmapDir := mmappedChunksDir(db.head.opts.ChunkDirRoot)
@@ -4658,7 +4674,7 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	err = db.CompactHead(NewRangeHead(db.head, 250*time.Minute.Milliseconds(), 350*time.Minute.Milliseconds()))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Len(t, db.Blocks(), 4) // [0, 120), [120, 240), [240, 360), [250, 351)
-	verifySamples(db.Blocks()[3], 250, 350)
+	verifySamples(db.Blocks()[3], 250, highest)
 
 	verifyDBSamples() // Blocks created out of normal and OOO head now. But not merged.
 
@@ -4675,7 +4691,7 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	require.Len(t, db.Blocks(), 3) // [0, 120), [120, 240), [240, 360)
 	verifySamples(db.Blocks()[0], 90, 119)
 	verifySamples(db.Blocks()[1], 120, 239)
-	verifySamples(db.Blocks()[2], 240, 350) // Merged block.
+	verifySamples(db.Blocks()[2], 240, highest) // Merged block.
 
 	verifyDBSamples() // Final state. Blocks from normal and OOO head are merged.
 }

From 015638c4b6b8f913ea5165f0f5d26950937f1e69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2024 23:24:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 044/180] [BUGFIX] TSDB: Exclude OOO chunks mapped after
 compaction starts

Otherwise the writer can end up with invalid chunks.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/head_read.go          |  5 ++++-
 tsdb/ooo_head.go           |  2 +-
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go      | 16 +++++++++-------
 tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go |  6 +++---
 4 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/head_read.go b/tsdb/head_read.go
index 9ba8785ad..87564ae3c 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_read.go
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ func (s *memSeries) chunk(id chunks.HeadChunkID, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDi
 // amongst all the chunks in the OOOHead.
 // This function is not thread safe unless the caller holds a lock.
 // The caller must ensure that s.ooo is not nil.
-func (s *memSeries) oooMergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, mint, maxt int64) (*mergedOOOChunks, error) {
+func (s *memSeries) oooMergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, mint, maxt int64, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) (*mergedOOOChunks, error) {
 	_, cid := chunks.HeadChunkRef(meta.Ref).Unpack()
 
 	// ix represents the index of chunk in the s.mmappedChunks slice. The chunk meta's are
@@ -490,6 +490,9 @@ func (s *memSeries) oooMergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMappe
 	tmpChks := make([]chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef, 0, len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks)+1)
 
 	for i, c := range s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks {
+		if maxMmapRef != 0 && c.ref > maxMmapRef {
+			break
+		}
 		if c.OverlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt) {
 			tmpChks = append(tmpChks, chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{
 				meta: chunks.Meta{
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head.go b/tsdb/ooo_head.go
index b2556d62e..01b5bff63 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head.go
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ func (oh *OOORangeHead) Index() (IndexReader, error) {
 }
 
 func (oh *OOORangeHead) Chunks() (ChunkReader, error) {
-	return NewOOOHeadChunkReader(oh.head, oh.mint, oh.maxt, oh.isoState), nil
+	return NewOOOHeadChunkReader(oh.head, oh.mint, oh.maxt, oh.isoState, 0), nil
 }
 
 func (oh *OOORangeHead) Tombstones() (tombstones.Reader, error) {
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index a35276af5..9d5b9d644 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -243,14 +243,16 @@ type OOOHeadChunkReader struct {
 	head       *Head
 	mint, maxt int64
 	isoState   *oooIsolationState
+	maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
 }
 
-func NewOOOHeadChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, isoState *oooIsolationState) *OOOHeadChunkReader {
+func NewOOOHeadChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, isoState *oooIsolationState, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *OOOHeadChunkReader {
 	return &OOOHeadChunkReader{
-		head:     head,
-		mint:     mint,
-		maxt:     maxt,
-		isoState: isoState,
+		head:       head,
+		mint:       mint,
+		maxt:       maxt,
+		isoState:   isoState,
+		maxMmapRef: maxMmapRef,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -269,7 +271,7 @@ func (cr OOOHeadChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk,
 		s.Unlock()
 		return nil, nil, storage.ErrNotFound
 	}
-	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, cr.mint, cr.maxt)
+	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
 	s.Unlock()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
@@ -386,7 +388,7 @@ func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) Index() (IndexReader, error) {
 }
 
 func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) Chunks() (ChunkReader, error) {
-	return NewOOOHeadChunkReader(ch.oooIR.head, ch.oooIR.mint, ch.oooIR.maxt, nil), nil
+	return NewOOOHeadChunkReader(ch.oooIR.head, ch.oooIR.mint, ch.oooIR.maxt, nil, ch.lastMmapRef), nil
 }
 
 func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) Tombstones() (tombstones.Reader, error) {
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
index 7ecd355b5..8cc3f1dde 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	t.Run("Getting a non existing chunk fails with not found error", func(t *testing.T) {
 		db := newTestDBWithOpts(t, opts)
 
-		cr := NewOOOHeadChunkReader(db.head, 0, 1000, nil)
+		cr := NewOOOHeadChunkReader(db.head, 0, 1000, nil, 0)
 		defer cr.Close()
 		c, iterable, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(chunks.Meta{
 			Ref: 0x1000000, Chunk: chunkenc.Chunk(nil), MinTime: 100, MaxTime: 300,
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.Equal(t, len(tc.expChunksSamples), len(chks))
 
-			cr := NewOOOHeadChunkReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, nil)
+			cr := NewOOOHeadChunkReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, nil, 0)
 			defer cr.Close()
 			for i := 0; i < len(chks); i++ {
 				c, iterable, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(chks[i])
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk_ConsistentQueryResponseDespiteOfHeadExpanding(
 			}
 			require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
 
-			cr := NewOOOHeadChunkReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, nil)
+			cr := NewOOOHeadChunkReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, nil, 0)
 			defer cr.Close()
 			for i := 0; i < len(chks); i++ {
 				c, iterable, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(chks[i])

From 9e43ad2e3710b8051c0c3b7bc70353cb65bd197f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Jul 2024 12:15:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 045/180] chore(remote_write): clean up as watcher.go is part
 of wlog now

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/wlog/watcher.go | 92 +++++++++-----------------------------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
index bc7a144e6..9a02f3de4 100644
--- a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
+++ b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -265,9 +264,9 @@ func (w *Watcher) loop() {
 // Run the watcher, which will tail the WAL until the quit channel is closed
 // or an error case is hit.
 func (w *Watcher) Run() error {
-	_, lastSegment, err := w.firstAndLast()
+	_, lastSegment, err := Segments(w.walDir)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("wal.Segments: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("Segments: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// We want to ensure this is false across iterations since
@@ -318,57 +317,20 @@ func (w *Watcher) Run() error {
 
 // findSegmentForIndex finds the first segment greater than or equal to index.
 func (w *Watcher) findSegmentForIndex(index int) (int, error) {
-	refs, err := w.segments(w.walDir)
+	refs, err := listSegments(w.walDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return -1, err
 	}
 
 	for _, r := range refs {
-		if r >= index {
-			return r, nil
+		if r.index >= index {
+			return r.index, nil
 		}
 	}
 
 	return -1, errors.New("failed to find segment for index")
 }
 
-func (w *Watcher) firstAndLast() (int, int, error) {
-	refs, err := w.segments(w.walDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, -1, err
-	}
-
-	if len(refs) == 0 {
-		return -1, -1, nil
-	}
-	return refs[0], refs[len(refs)-1], nil
-}
-
-// Copied from tsdb/wlog/wlog.go so we do not have to open a WAL.
-// Plan is to move WAL watcher to TSDB and dedupe these implementations.
-func (w *Watcher) segments(dir string) ([]int, error) {
-	files, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var refs []int
-	for _, f := range files {
-		k, err := strconv.Atoi(f.Name())
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		refs = append(refs, k)
-	}
-	slices.Sort(refs)
-	for i := 0; i < len(refs)-1; i++ {
-		if refs[i]+1 != refs[i+1] {
-			return nil, errors.New("segments are not sequential")
-		}
-	}
-	return refs, nil
-}
-
 func (w *Watcher) readAndHandleError(r *LiveReader, segmentNum int, tail bool, size int64) error {
 	err := w.readSegment(r, segmentNum, tail)
 
@@ -447,35 +409,17 @@ func (w *Watcher) watch(segmentNum int, tail bool) error {
 				// Currently doing a garbage collect, try again later.
 			}
 
+		// if a newer segment is produced, read the current one until the end and move on.
 		case <-segmentTicker.C:
-			_, last, err := w.firstAndLast()
+			_, last, err := Segments(w.walDir)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("segments: %w", err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("Segments: %w", err)
 			}
 
-			// Check if new segments exists.
-			if last <= segmentNum {
-				continue
+			if last > segmentNum {
+				return w.readAndHandleError(reader, segmentNum, tail, size)
 			}
-			err = w.readSegment(reader, segmentNum, tail)
-
-			// Ignore errors reading to end of segment whilst replaying the WAL.
-			if !tail {
-				switch {
-				case err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
-					level.Warn(w.logger).Log("msg", "Ignoring error reading to end of segment, may have dropped data", "err", err)
-				case reader.Offset() != size:
-					level.Warn(w.logger).Log("msg", "Expected to have read whole segment, may have dropped data", "segment", segmentNum, "read", reader.Offset(), "size", size)
-				}
-				return nil
-			}
-
-			// Otherwise, when we are tailing, non-EOFs are fatal.
-			if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			return nil
+			continue
 
 		// we haven't read due to a notification in quite some time, try reading anyways
 		case <-readTicker.C:
@@ -484,7 +428,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) watch(segmentNum int, tail bool) error {
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			// still want to reset the ticker so we don't read too often
+			// reset the ticker so we don't read too often
 			readTicker.Reset(readTimeout)
 
 		case <-w.readNotify:
@@ -492,7 +436,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) watch(segmentNum int, tail bool) error {
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			// still want to reset the ticker so we don't read too often
+			// reset the ticker so we don't read too often
 			readTicker.Reset(readTimeout)
 		}
 	}
@@ -731,17 +675,17 @@ func (w *Watcher) readCheckpoint(checkpointDir string, readFn segmentReadFn) err
 	}
 
 	// Ensure we read the whole contents of every segment in the checkpoint dir.
-	segs, err := w.segments(checkpointDir)
+	segs, err := listSegments(checkpointDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Unable to get segments checkpoint dir: %w", err)
 	}
-	for _, seg := range segs {
-		size, err := getSegmentSize(checkpointDir, seg)
+	for _, segRef := range segs {
+		size, err := getSegmentSize(checkpointDir, segRef.index)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("getSegmentSize: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		sr, err := OpenReadSegment(SegmentName(checkpointDir, seg))
+		sr, err := OpenReadSegment(SegmentName(checkpointDir, segRef.index))
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unable to open segment: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -753,7 +697,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) readCheckpoint(checkpointDir string, readFn segmentReadFn) err
 		}
 
 		if r.Offset() != size {
-			return fmt.Errorf("readCheckpoint wasn't able to read all data from the checkpoint %s/%08d, size: %d, totalRead: %d", checkpointDir, seg, size, r.Offset())
+			return fmt.Errorf("readCheckpoint wasn't able to read all data from the checkpoint %s/%08d, size: %d, totalRead: %d", checkpointDir, segRef.index, size, r.Offset())
 		}
 	}
 

From 6d7ed08850849c2adcedb63cddeb61fc4f6a425e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 06:58:58 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 046/180] Prepare release 2.54.0-rc.1 (#14593)

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 CHANGELOG.md                                 |  5 +++++
 VERSION                                      |  2 +-
 web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json |  4 ++--
 web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json      |  2 +-
 web/ui/package-lock.json                     | 14 +++++++-------
 web/ui/package.json                          |  2 +-
 web/ui/react-app/package.json                |  4 ++--
 7 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 115055d12..e338d9c5c 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 2.54.0-rc.1 / 2024-08-05
+
+* [BUGFIX] TSDB: Exclude OOO chunks mapped after compaction starts (introduced by #14396). #14584
+
 ## 2.54.0-rc.0 / 2024-07-19
 
 Release 2.54 brings a release candidate of a major new version of [Remote Write: 2.0](https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/remote_write_spec_2_0/).
@@ -18,6 +22,7 @@ Remote-write v2 is enabled by default, but can be disabled via feature-flag `web
 * [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Optimise seek within index. #14393
 * [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Optimise deletion of stale series. #14307
 * [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Reduce locking to optimise adding and removing series. #13286,#14286
+* [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Small optimisation: streamline special handling for out-of-order data. #14396
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Regexps: Optimize patterns with multiple prefixes. #13843,#14368
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Regexps: Optimize patterns containing multiple literal strings. #14173
 * [ENHANCEMENT] AWS SD: expose Primary IPv6 addresses as __meta_ec2_primary_ipv6_addresses. #14156
diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION
index 69539c388..149ab4732 100644
--- a/VERSION
+++ b/VERSION
@@ -1 +1 @@
-2.54.0-rc.0
+2.54.0-rc.1
diff --git a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
index 02c1d2286..26823cdfd 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql",
-  "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
   "description": "a CodeMirror mode for the PromQL language",
   "types": "dist/esm/index.d.ts",
   "module": "dist/esm/index.js",
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   },
   "homepage": "https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/README.md",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+    "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0-rc.1",
     "lru-cache": "^7.18.3"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
index af2fcae67..774c95967 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql",
-  "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
   "description": "lezer-based PromQL grammar",
   "main": "dist/index.cjs",
   "type": "module",
diff --git a/web/ui/package-lock.json b/web/ui/package-lock.json
index 17bb0f272..3243fe6aa 100644
--- a/web/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "prometheus-io",
-  "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "prometheus-io",
-      "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+      "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
       "workspaces": [
         "react-app",
         "module/*"
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
     },
     "module/codemirror-promql": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql",
-      "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+      "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+        "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0-rc.1",
         "lru-cache": "^7.18.3"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
     },
     "module/lezer-promql": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql",
-      "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+      "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "devDependencies": {
         "@lezer/generator": "^1.7.0",
@@ -19332,7 +19332,7 @@
     },
     "react-app": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/app",
-      "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+      "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
       "dependencies": {
         "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.17.0",
         "@codemirror/commands": "^6.6.0",
@@ -19350,7 +19350,7 @@
         "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
         "@nexucis/fuzzy": "^0.4.1",
         "@nexucis/kvsearch": "^0.8.1",
-        "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+        "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0-rc.1",
         "bootstrap": "^4.6.2",
         "css.escape": "^1.5.1",
         "downshift": "^9.0.6",
diff --git a/web/ui/package.json b/web/ui/package.json
index 80e8d815f..fe1e77ef5 100644
--- a/web/ui/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/package.json
@@ -28,5 +28,5 @@
     "ts-jest": "^29.2.2",
     "typescript": "^4.9.5"
   },
-  "version": "0.54.0-rc.0"
+  "version": "0.54.0-rc.1"
 }
diff --git a/web/ui/react-app/package.json b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
index df90049ce..b65354730 100644
--- a/web/ui/react-app/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/app",
-  "version": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
   "private": true,
   "dependencies": {
     "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.17.0",
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
     "@nexucis/fuzzy": "^0.4.1",
     "@nexucis/kvsearch": "^0.8.1",
-    "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0-rc.0",
+    "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0-rc.1",
     "bootstrap": "^4.6.2",
     "css.escape": "^1.5.1",
     "downshift": "^9.0.6",

From aadec25faf7cef145dfab029767424383f51bd6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charles Korn <charleskorn@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 18:10:40 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 047/180] promql: Fix issue where some native histogram-related
 annotations are not emitted by `rate` (#14575)

Signed-off-by: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/functions.go                               | 11 +++++++++--
 promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index dcc2cd759..b9e93b85a 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -97,9 +97,10 @@ func extrapolatedRate(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNod
 		lastT = samples.Histograms[numSamplesMinusOne].T
 		var newAnnos annotations.Annotations
 		resultHistogram, newAnnos = histogramRate(samples.Histograms, isCounter, metricName, args[0].PositionRange())
+		annos.Merge(newAnnos)
 		if resultHistogram == nil {
 			// The histograms are not compatible with each other.
-			return enh.Out, annos.Merge(newAnnos)
+			return enh.Out, annos
 		}
 	case len(samples.Floats) > 1:
 		numSamplesMinusOne = len(samples.Floats) - 1
@@ -189,6 +190,12 @@ func histogramRate(points []HPoint, isCounter bool, metricName string, pos posra
 
 	var annos annotations.Annotations
 
+	// We check for gauge type histograms in the loop below, but the loop below does not run on the first and last point,
+	// so check the first and last point now.
+	if isCounter && (prev.CounterResetHint == histogram.GaugeType || last.CounterResetHint == histogram.GaugeType) {
+		annos.Add(annotations.NewNativeHistogramNotCounterWarning(metricName, pos))
+	}
+
 	// First iteration to find out two things:
 	// - What's the smallest relevant schema?
 	// - Are all data points histograms?
@@ -241,7 +248,7 @@ func histogramRate(points []HPoint, isCounter bool, metricName string, pos posra
 	}
 
 	h.CounterResetHint = histogram.GaugeType
-	return h.Compact(0), nil
+	return h.Compact(0), annos
 }
 
 // === delta(Matrix parser.ValueTypeMatrix) (Vector, Annotations) ===
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index 6a8189a54..034d73eb5 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -748,3 +748,17 @@ eval instant at 5m histogram_quantile(0.5, custom_buckets_histogram)
 
 eval instant at 5m sum(custom_buckets_histogram)
     {} {{schema:-53 sum:5 count:4 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1 2 1]}}
+
+clear
+
+# Test 'this native histogram metric is not a gauge' warning for rate
+load 30s
+    some_metric {{schema:0 sum:1 count:1 buckets:[1] counter_reset_hint:gauge}} {{schema:0 sum:2 count:2 buckets:[2] counter_reset_hint:gauge}} {{schema:0 sum:3 count:3 buckets:[3] counter_reset_hint:gauge}}
+
+# Test the case where we only have two points for rate
+eval_warn instant at 30s rate(some_metric[30s])
+    {} {{count:0.03333333333333333 sum:0.03333333333333333 buckets:[0.03333333333333333]}}
+
+# Test the case where we have more than two points for rate
+eval_warn instant at 1m rate(some_metric[1m])
+    {} {{count:0.03333333333333333 sum:0.03333333333333333 buckets:[0.03333333333333333]}}

From aff089a0142891ca61018b68e8e41ddbbe312624 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 10:51:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 048/180] Reproduce recoding bug with new and missing buckets
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go       | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 57 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
index 87bf61c2f..da78322cc 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
@@ -428,6 +428,34 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, emptyBucketH.PositiveSpans, h2.PositiveSpans)
 	}
 
+	{ // New histogram that has new buckets AND buckets missing but the buckets missing were empty.
+		emptyBucketH := eh.Copy()
+		emptyBucketH.PositiveBuckets = []float64{6, 0, 3, 2, 4, 0, 1}
+		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(emptyBucketH)
+		h2 := h1.Copy()
+		h2.PositiveSpans = []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 2},
+			{Offset: 5, Length: 2},
+		}
+		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{7, 4, 3, 5, 2, 3}
+
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, posInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.False(t, cr)
+
+		assertRecodedFloatHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
+
+		// Check that h2 was recoded.
+		require.Equal(t, []float64{7, 0, 4, 3, 5, 0, 2, 3}, h2.PositiveBuckets)
+		require.Equal(t, emptyBucketH.PositiveSpans, h2.PositiveSpans)
+	}
+
 	{ // New histogram that has a counter reset while buckets are same.
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(eh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
index 939edd440..e1a82bd01 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
@@ -445,6 +445,35 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, emptyBucketH.PositiveSpans, h2.PositiveSpans)
 	}
 
+	{ // New histogram that has new buckets AND buckets missing but the buckets missing were empty.
+		emptyBucketH := eh.Copy()
+		emptyBucketH.PositiveBuckets = []int64{6, -6, 1, 1, -2, 1, 1} // counts: 6, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2 (total 12)
+		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(emptyBucketH)
+		h2 := h1.Copy()
+		h2.PositiveSpans = []histogram.Span{ // Missing buckets at offset 1 and 9.
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 4, Length: 1},
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 2},
+		}
+		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{7, -5, 1, 0, 1, 1} // counts: 7, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5 (total 23)
+
+		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, posInterjections)
+		require.Empty(t, negInterjections)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, backwardPositiveInserts)
+		require.Empty(t, backwardNegativeInserts)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.False(t, cr)
+
+		assertRecodedHistogramChunkOnAppend(t, c, hApp, ts+1, h2, UnknownCounterReset)
+
+		// Check that h2 was recoded.
+		require.Equal(t, []int64{7, -7, 2, 1, -3, 3, 1, 1}, h2.PositiveBuckets) // counts: 7, 0, 2, 3 , 0, 3, 5 (total 23)
+		require.Equal(t, emptyBucketH.PositiveSpans, h2.PositiveSpans)
+	}
+
 	{ // New histogram that has a counter reset while buckets are same.
 		c, hApp, ts, h1 := setup(eh)
 		h2 := h1.Copy()

From 1b6d1366d80c12547dcda7645e4e07753656d9d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 13:08:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 049/180] Fix re-code histogram and chunk re-code conflict
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go      | 27 ++++++++---
 tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go |  8 +++-
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go            | 27 ++++++++---
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go       | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go       |  8 +++-
 5 files changed, 120 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
index cc35df5ba..2af8dc507 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
@@ -419,6 +419,7 @@ loop:
 				// fill in the bucket in b and advance a.
 				if aCount == 0 {
 					bInter.num++ // Mark that we need to insert a bucket in b.
+					bInter.bucketIdx = aIdx
 					// Advance a
 					if aInter.num > 0 {
 						aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
@@ -436,6 +437,7 @@ loop:
 				return nil, nil, false
 			case aIdx > bIdx: // a misses a value that is in b. Forward b and recompare.
 				aInter.num++
+				bInter.bucketIdx = bIdx
 				// Advance b
 				if bInter.num > 0 {
 					bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
@@ -453,6 +455,7 @@ loop:
 			// fill in the bucket in b and advance a.
 			if aCount == 0 {
 				bInter.num++
+				bInter.bucketIdx = aIdx
 				// Advance a
 				if aInter.num > 0 {
 					aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
@@ -471,6 +474,7 @@ loop:
 			return nil, nil, false
 		case !aOK && bOK: // a misses a value that is in b. Forward b and recompare.
 			aInter.num++
+			bInter.bucketIdx = bIdx
 			// Advance b
 			if bInter.num > 0 {
 				bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
@@ -773,6 +777,22 @@ func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) AppendFloatHistogram(prev *FloatHistogramAppend
 			happ.appendFloatHistogram(t, h)
 			return newChunk, false, app, nil
 		}
+		if len(pBackwardInserts) > 0 || len(nBackwardInserts) > 0 {
+			// The histogram needs to be expanded to have the extra empty buckets
+			// of the chunk.
+			if len(pForwardInserts) == 0 && len(nForwardInserts) == 0 {
+				// No new chunks from the histogram, so the spans of the appender can accommodate the new buckets.
+				h.PositiveSpans = resize(h.PositiveSpans, len(a.pSpans))
+				copy(h.PositiveSpans, a.pSpans)
+				h.NegativeSpans = resize(h.NegativeSpans, len(a.nSpans))
+				copy(h.NegativeSpans, a.nSpans)
+			} else {
+				// Spans need pre-adjusting to accommodate the new buckets.
+				h.PositiveSpans = adjustForInserts(h.PositiveSpans, pBackwardInserts)
+				h.NegativeSpans = adjustForInserts(h.NegativeSpans, nBackwardInserts)
+			}
+			a.recodeHistogram(h, pBackwardInserts, nBackwardInserts)
+		}
 		if len(pForwardInserts) > 0 || len(nForwardInserts) > 0 {
 			if appendOnly {
 				return nil, false, a, fmt.Errorf("float histogram layout change with %d positive and %d negative forwards inserts", len(pForwardInserts), len(nForwardInserts))
@@ -784,13 +804,6 @@ func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) AppendFloatHistogram(prev *FloatHistogramAppend
 			app.(*FloatHistogramAppender).appendFloatHistogram(t, h)
 			return chk, true, app, nil
 		}
-		if len(pBackwardInserts) > 0 || len(nBackwardInserts) > 0 {
-			// The histogram needs to be expanded to have the extra empty buckets
-			// of the chunk.
-			h.PositiveSpans = a.pSpans
-			h.NegativeSpans = a.nSpans
-			a.recodeHistogram(h, pBackwardInserts, nBackwardInserts)
-		}
 		a.appendFloatHistogram(t, h)
 		return nil, false, a, nil
 	}
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
index da78322cc..41e76ef59 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
@@ -453,7 +453,13 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Check that h2 was recoded.
 		require.Equal(t, []float64{7, 0, 4, 3, 5, 0, 2, 3}, h2.PositiveBuckets)
-		require.Equal(t, emptyBucketH.PositiveSpans, h2.PositiveSpans)
+		require.Equal(t, []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 2}, // Added empty bucket.
+			{Offset: 2, Length: 1}, // Existing - offset adjusted.
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 2}, // Existing.
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 1}, // Added empty bucket.
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 2}, // Existing + the extra bucket.
+		}, h2.PositiveSpans)
 	}
 
 	{ // New histogram that has a counter reset while buckets are same.
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
index a957d7b22..bdf4344af 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
@@ -437,6 +437,7 @@ loop:
 				// fill in the bucket in b and advance a.
 				if aCount == 0 {
 					bInter.num++ // Mark that we need to insert a bucket in b.
+					bInter.bucketIdx = aIdx
 					// Advance a
 					if aInter.num > 0 {
 						aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
@@ -454,6 +455,7 @@ loop:
 				return nil, nil, false
 			case aIdx > bIdx: // a misses a value that is in b. Forward b and recompare.
 				aInter.num++
+				aInter.bucketIdx = bIdx
 				// Advance b
 				if bInter.num > 0 {
 					bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
@@ -471,6 +473,7 @@ loop:
 			// fill in the bucket in b and advance a.
 			if aCount == 0 {
 				bInter.num++
+				bInter.bucketIdx = aIdx
 				// Advance a
 				if aInter.num > 0 {
 					aInserts = append(aInserts, aInter)
@@ -489,6 +492,7 @@ loop:
 			return nil, nil, false
 		case !aOK && bOK: // a misses a value that is in b. Forward b and recompare.
 			aInter.num++
+			aInter.bucketIdx = bIdx
 			// Advance b
 			if bInter.num > 0 {
 				bInserts = append(bInserts, bInter)
@@ -807,6 +811,22 @@ func (a *HistogramAppender) AppendHistogram(prev *HistogramAppender, t int64, h
 			happ.appendHistogram(t, h)
 			return newChunk, false, app, nil
 		}
+		if len(pBackwardInserts) > 0 || len(nBackwardInserts) > 0 {
+			// The histogram needs to be expanded to have the extra empty buckets
+			// of the chunk.
+			if len(pForwardInserts) == 0 && len(nForwardInserts) == 0 {
+				// No new chunks from the histogram, so the spans of the appender can accommodate the new buckets.
+				h.PositiveSpans = resize(h.PositiveSpans, len(a.pSpans))
+				copy(h.PositiveSpans, a.pSpans)
+				h.NegativeSpans = resize(h.NegativeSpans, len(a.nSpans))
+				copy(h.NegativeSpans, a.nSpans)
+			} else {
+				// Spans need pre-adjusting to accommodate the new buckets.
+				h.PositiveSpans = adjustForInserts(h.PositiveSpans, pBackwardInserts)
+				h.NegativeSpans = adjustForInserts(h.NegativeSpans, nBackwardInserts)
+			}
+			a.recodeHistogram(h, pBackwardInserts, nBackwardInserts)
+		}
 		if len(pForwardInserts) > 0 || len(nForwardInserts) > 0 {
 			if appendOnly {
 				return nil, false, a, fmt.Errorf("histogram layout change with %d positive and %d negative forwards inserts", len(pForwardInserts), len(nForwardInserts))
@@ -818,13 +838,6 @@ func (a *HistogramAppender) AppendHistogram(prev *HistogramAppender, t int64, h
 			app.(*HistogramAppender).appendHistogram(t, h)
 			return chk, true, app, nil
 		}
-		if len(pBackwardInserts) > 0 || len(nBackwardInserts) > 0 {
-			// The histogram needs to be expanded to have the extra empty buckets
-			// of the chunk.
-			h.PositiveSpans = a.pSpans
-			h.NegativeSpans = a.nSpans
-			a.recodeHistogram(h, pBackwardInserts, nBackwardInserts)
-		}
 		a.appendHistogram(t, h)
 		return nil, false, a, nil
 	}
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go
index 59e2e10fc..98778e021 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go
@@ -278,6 +278,10 @@ func (b *bucketIterator) Next() (int, bool) {
 type Insert struct {
 	pos int
 	num int
+
+	// Optional: bucketIdx is the index of the bucket that is inserted.
+	// Can be used to adjust spans.
+	bucketIdx int
 }
 
 // Deprecated: expandSpansForward, use expandIntSpansAndBuckets or
@@ -577,3 +581,65 @@ func counterResetHint(crh CounterResetHeader, numRead uint16) histogram.CounterR
 		return histogram.UnknownCounterReset
 	}
 }
+
+// adjustForInserts adjusts the spans for the given inserts.
+func adjustForInserts(spans []histogram.Span, inserts []Insert) (mergedSpans []histogram.Span) {
+	if len(inserts) == 0 {
+		return spans
+	}
+
+	it := newBucketIterator(spans)
+
+	var (
+		lastBucket int
+		i          int
+		insertIdx  int = inserts[i].bucketIdx
+		insertNum  int = inserts[i].num
+	)
+
+	addBucket := func(b int) {
+		offset := b - lastBucket - 1
+		if offset == 0 && len(mergedSpans) > 0 {
+			mergedSpans[len(mergedSpans)-1].Length++
+		} else {
+			if len(mergedSpans) == 0 {
+				offset++
+			}
+			mergedSpans = append(mergedSpans, histogram.Span{
+				Offset: int32(offset),
+				Length: 1,
+			})
+		}
+
+		lastBucket = b
+	}
+	consumeInsert := func() {
+		// Consume the insert.
+		insertNum--
+		if insertNum == 0 {
+			i++
+			if i < len(inserts) {
+				insertIdx = inserts[i].bucketIdx
+				insertNum = inserts[i].num
+			}
+		} else {
+			insertIdx++
+		}
+	}
+
+	bucket, ok := it.Next()
+	for ok {
+		if i < len(inserts) && insertIdx < bucket {
+			addBucket(insertIdx)
+			consumeInsert()
+		} else {
+			addBucket(bucket)
+			bucket, ok = it.Next()
+		}
+	}
+	for i < len(inserts) {
+		addBucket(inserts[i].bucketIdx)
+		consumeInsert()
+	}
+	return
+}
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
index e1a82bd01..d44be69df 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
@@ -471,7 +471,13 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Check that h2 was recoded.
 		require.Equal(t, []int64{7, -7, 2, 1, -3, 3, 1, 1}, h2.PositiveBuckets) // counts: 7, 0, 2, 3 , 0, 3, 5 (total 23)
-		require.Equal(t, emptyBucketH.PositiveSpans, h2.PositiveSpans)
+		require.Equal(t, []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 2}, // Added empty bucket.
+			{Offset: 2, Length: 1}, // Existing - offset adjusted.
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 2}, // Added empty bucket.
+			{Offset: 3, Length: 1}, // Existing - offset adjusted.
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 2}, // Existing.
+		}, h2.PositiveSpans)
 	}
 
 	{ // New histogram that has a counter reset while buckets are same.

From d2f6fa72892ef9d5c94b789d08856061eb27dc92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 13:24:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 050/180] Fix lint error
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go
index 98778e021..8d614b817 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_meta.go
@@ -593,8 +593,8 @@ func adjustForInserts(spans []histogram.Span, inserts []Insert) (mergedSpans []h
 	var (
 		lastBucket int
 		i          int
-		insertIdx  int = inserts[i].bucketIdx
-		insertNum  int = inserts[i].num
+		insertIdx  = inserts[i].bucketIdx
+		insertNum  = inserts[i].num
 	)
 
 	addBucket := func(b int) {

From 6900bf48d06837e3a79ef31829565721eca84cbe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 13:55:03 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 051/180] build(deps): bump github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go from
 1.54.19 to 1.55.5

Bumps [github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go) from 1.54.19 to 1.55.5.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/compare/v1.54.19...v1.55.5)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 go.mod | 2 +-
 go.sum | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 138e1bae9..02844cd8a 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit v0.6.1
 	github.com/alecthomas/kingpin/v2 v2.4.0
 	github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20240626203959-61d1e3462e30
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.54.19
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.55.5
 	github.com/bboreham/go-loser v0.0.0-20230920113527-fcc2c21820a3
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0
 	github.com/dennwc/varint v1.0.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index fb5c1772a..9841b5428 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20230301143203-a9d515a09cc2/go.mod h1:W
 github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go v1.13.3/go.mod h1:4UKl9IzQMoD+QF79YdCuzCwp8VbmG4VAQwij/eHl5CU=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.27.0/go.mod h1:KmX6BPdI08NWTb3/sm4ZGu5ShLoqVDhKgpiN924inxo=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.38.35/go.mod h1:hcU610XS61/+aQV88ixoOzUoG7v3b31pl2zKMmprdro=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.54.19 h1:tyWV+07jagrNiCcGRzRhdtVjQs7Vy41NwsuOcl0IbVI=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.54.19/go.mod h1:eRwEWoyTWFMVYVQzKMNHWP5/RV4xIUGMQfXQHfHkpNU=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.55.5 h1:KKUZBfBoyqy5d3swXyiC7Q76ic40rYcbqH7qjh59kzU=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.55.5/go.mod h1:eRwEWoyTWFMVYVQzKMNHWP5/RV4xIUGMQfXQHfHkpNU=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v0.18.0/go.mod h1:JWVYvqSMppoMJC0x5wdwiImzgXTI9FuZwxzkQq9wy+g=
 github.com/bboreham/go-loser v0.0.0-20230920113527-fcc2c21820a3 h1:6df1vn4bBlDDo4tARvBm7l6KA9iVMnE3NWizDeWSrps=
 github.com/bboreham/go-loser v0.0.0-20230920113527-fcc2c21820a3/go.mod h1:CIWtjkly68+yqLPbvwwR/fjNJA/idrtULjZWh2v1ys0=

From 98ecdf35891cfd65d7cf01dc228c3d5d0dc82f6b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 16:51:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 052/180] Fix corrupting spans via iterator sharing
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Iterator may share spans without copy, so we always have to make a copy
before modification - copy-on-write.

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go      | 5 +++--
 tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go | 4 ++++
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go            | 5 +++--
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go       | 4 ++++
 4 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
index 2af8dc507..a5f123bc9 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
@@ -782,9 +782,10 @@ func (a *FloatHistogramAppender) AppendFloatHistogram(prev *FloatHistogramAppend
 			// of the chunk.
 			if len(pForwardInserts) == 0 && len(nForwardInserts) == 0 {
 				// No new chunks from the histogram, so the spans of the appender can accommodate the new buckets.
-				h.PositiveSpans = resize(h.PositiveSpans, len(a.pSpans))
+				// However we need to make a copy in case the input is sharing spans from an iterator.
+				h.PositiveSpans = make([]histogram.Span, len(a.pSpans))
 				copy(h.PositiveSpans, a.pSpans)
-				h.NegativeSpans = resize(h.NegativeSpans, len(a.nSpans))
+				h.NegativeSpans = make([]histogram.Span, len(a.nSpans))
 				copy(h.NegativeSpans, a.nSpans)
 			} else {
 				// Spans need pre-adjusting to accommodate the new buckets.
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
index 41e76ef59..689696f5a 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
@@ -411,6 +411,7 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 			{Offset: 3, Length: 2},
 			{Offset: 5, Length: 1},
 		}
+		savedH2Spans := h2.PositiveSpans
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{7, 4, 3, 5, 2}
 
 		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
@@ -426,6 +427,7 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		// Check that h2 was recoded.
 		require.Equal(t, []float64{7, 0, 4, 3, 5, 0, 2}, h2.PositiveBuckets)
 		require.Equal(t, emptyBucketH.PositiveSpans, h2.PositiveSpans)
+		require.NotEqual(t, savedH2Spans, h2.PositiveSpans, "recoding must make a copy")
 	}
 
 	{ // New histogram that has new buckets AND buckets missing but the buckets missing were empty.
@@ -439,6 +441,7 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 			{Offset: 3, Length: 2},
 			{Offset: 5, Length: 2},
 		}
+		savedH2Spans := h2.PositiveSpans
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []float64{7, 4, 3, 5, 2, 3}
 
 		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
@@ -460,6 +463,7 @@ func TestFloatHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 			{Offset: 3, Length: 1}, // Added empty bucket.
 			{Offset: 1, Length: 2}, // Existing + the extra bucket.
 		}, h2.PositiveSpans)
+		require.NotEqual(t, savedH2Spans, h2.PositiveSpans, "recoding must make a copy")
 	}
 
 	{ // New histogram that has a counter reset while buckets are same.
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
index bdf4344af..fafae48d3 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
@@ -816,9 +816,10 @@ func (a *HistogramAppender) AppendHistogram(prev *HistogramAppender, t int64, h
 			// of the chunk.
 			if len(pForwardInserts) == 0 && len(nForwardInserts) == 0 {
 				// No new chunks from the histogram, so the spans of the appender can accommodate the new buckets.
-				h.PositiveSpans = resize(h.PositiveSpans, len(a.pSpans))
+				// However we need to make a copy in case the input is sharing spans from an iterator.
+				h.PositiveSpans = make([]histogram.Span, len(a.pSpans))
 				copy(h.PositiveSpans, a.pSpans)
-				h.NegativeSpans = resize(h.NegativeSpans, len(a.nSpans))
+				h.NegativeSpans = make([]histogram.Span, len(a.nSpans))
 				copy(h.NegativeSpans, a.nSpans)
 			} else {
 				// Spans need pre-adjusting to accommodate the new buckets.
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
index d44be69df..59187ed17 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
@@ -428,6 +428,7 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 			{Offset: 4, Length: 1},
 			{Offset: 1, Length: 1},
 		}
+		savedH2Spans := h2.PositiveSpans
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{7, -5, 1, 0, 1} // counts: 7, 2, 3, 3, 4 (total 18)
 
 		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
@@ -443,6 +444,7 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 		// Check that h2 was recoded.
 		require.Equal(t, []int64{7, -7, 2, 1, -3, 3, 1}, h2.PositiveBuckets) // counts: 7, 0, 2, 3 , 0, 3, 4 (total 18)
 		require.Equal(t, emptyBucketH.PositiveSpans, h2.PositiveSpans)
+		require.NotEqual(t, savedH2Spans, h2.PositiveSpans, "recoding must make a copy")
 	}
 
 	{ // New histogram that has new buckets AND buckets missing but the buckets missing were empty.
@@ -457,6 +459,7 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 			{Offset: 4, Length: 1},
 			{Offset: 1, Length: 2},
 		}
+		savedH2Spans := h2.PositiveSpans
 		h2.PositiveBuckets = []int64{7, -5, 1, 0, 1, 1} // counts: 7, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5 (total 23)
 
 		posInterjections, negInterjections, backwardPositiveInserts, backwardNegativeInserts, ok, cr := hApp.appendable(h2)
@@ -478,6 +481,7 @@ func TestHistogramChunkAppendable(t *testing.T) {
 			{Offset: 3, Length: 1}, // Existing - offset adjusted.
 			{Offset: 1, Length: 2}, // Existing.
 		}, h2.PositiveSpans)
+		require.NotEqual(t, savedH2Spans, h2.PositiveSpans, "recoding must make a copy")
 	}
 
 	{ // New histogram that has a counter reset while buckets are same.

From 626f2f3571228195c8c1d4c596295cb5a1321a2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 12:57:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 053/180] build(deps): bump github.com/docker/docker

Bumps [github.com/docker/docker](https://github.com/docker/docker) from 27.0.3+incompatible to 27.1.1+incompatible.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/docker/docker/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/docker/docker/compare/v27.0.3...v27.1.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/docker/docker
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 go.mod | 2 +-
 go.sum | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 138e1bae9..cff8f961d 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0
 	github.com/dennwc/varint v1.0.0
 	github.com/digitalocean/godo v1.119.0
-	github.com/docker/docker v27.0.3+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/docker v27.1.1+incompatible
 	github.com/edsrzf/mmap-go v1.1.0
 	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.12.0
 	github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.0.4
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index fb5c1772a..e751396ec 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ github.com/distribution/reference v0.5.0 h1:/FUIFXtfc/x2gpa5/VGfiGLuOIdYa1t65IKK
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.5.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
 github.com/dnaeon/go-vcr v1.2.0 h1:zHCHvJYTMh1N7xnV7zf1m1GPBF9Ad0Jk/whtQ1663qI=
 github.com/dnaeon/go-vcr v1.2.0/go.mod h1:R4UdLID7HZT3taECzJs4YgbbH6PIGXB6W/sc5OLb6RQ=
-github.com/docker/docker v27.0.3+incompatible h1:aBGI9TeQ4MPlhquTQKq9XbK79rKFVwXNUAYz9aXyEBE=
-github.com/docker/docker v27.0.3+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
+github.com/docker/docker v27.1.1+incompatible h1:hO/M4MtV36kzKldqnA37IWhebRA+LnqqcqDja6kVaKY=
+github.com/docker/docker v27.1.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
 github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 h1:El9xVISelRB7BuFusrZozjnkIM5YnzCViNKohAFqRJQ=
 github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Gbd7IOopHjR8Iph03tsViu4nIes5XhDvyHbTtUxmeec=
 github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 h1:69rxXcBk27SvSaaxTtLh/8llcHD8vYHT7WSdRZ/jvr4=

From 37c8c9257b5f8ca59c72c0744450887befc04ad9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 07:46:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 054/180] Fix histogram pool poisoning bu chunkenc.Iterator
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

chunkenc.Iterator.AtFloatHistogram may do a shallow copy if
it receives nil as input pointer. This can in turn share the
span slice with multiple histograms in the matrixSelectorHPool,
leading to unexpected errors.

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine.go | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 25e67db63..621c2116e 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2356,6 +2356,11 @@ loop:
 		} else {
 			histograms = append(histograms, HPoint{H: &histogram.FloatHistogram{}})
 		}
+		if histograms[n].H == nil {
+			// Initialize to non zero to AtFloatHistogram does a copy for sure.
+			// Not an issue in the loop above since that uses an intermediate buffer.
+			histograms[n].H = &histogram.FloatHistogram{}
+		}
 		histograms[n].T, histograms[n].H = it.AtFloatHistogram(histograms[n].H)
 		if value.IsStaleNaN(histograms[n].H.Sum) {
 			histograms = histograms[:n]

From b91acc61b0115c7e3216fa5960ec207f57ef4aa6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 20:48:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 055/180] Add unit test
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine_test.go | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/engine_test.go b/promql/engine_test.go
index 8e618d435..8d5f87244 100644
--- a/promql/engine_test.go
+++ b/promql/engine_test.go
@@ -3797,3 +3797,62 @@ func makeInt64Pointer(val int64) *int64 {
 	*valp = val
 	return valp
 }
+
+func TestHistogramCopyFromIteratorRegression(t *testing.T) {
+	// Loading the following histograms creates two chunks because there's a
+	// counter reset. Not only the counter is lower in the last histogram
+	// but also there's missing buckets.
+	// This in turns means that chunk iterators will have different spans.
+	load := `load 1m
+histogram {{sum:4 count:4 buckets:[2 2]}} {{sum:6 count:6 buckets:[3 3]}} {{sum:1 count:1 buckets:[1]}}
+`
+	storage := promqltest.LoadedStorage(t, load)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { storage.Close() })
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngine(false, 0, promqltest.DefaultMaxSamplesPerQuery)
+
+	verify := func(t *testing.T, qry promql.Query, expected []histogram.FloatHistogram) {
+		res := qry.Exec(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, res.Err)
+
+		m, ok := res.Value.(promql.Matrix)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+
+		require.Len(t, m, 1)
+		series := m[0]
+
+		require.Empty(t, series.Floats)
+		require.Len(t, series.Histograms, len(expected))
+		for i, e := range expected {
+			series.Histograms[i].H.CounterResetHint = histogram.UnknownCounterReset // Don't care.
+			require.Equal(t, &e, series.Histograms[i].H)
+		}
+	}
+
+	qry, err := engine.NewRangeQuery(context.Background(), storage, nil, "increase(histogram[60s])", time.Unix(0, 0), time.Unix(0, 0).Add(1*time.Minute), time.Minute)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	verify(t, qry, []histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		{
+			Count:           2,
+			Sum:             2,                                        // Increase from 4 to 6 is 2.
+			PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Offset: 0, Length: 2}}, // Two buckets changed between the first and second histogram.
+			PositiveBuckets: []float64{1, 1},                          // Increase from 2 to 3 is 1 in both buckets.
+		},
+	})
+
+	qry, err = engine.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), storage, nil, "histogram[60s]", time.Unix(0, 0).Add(2*time.Minute))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	verify(t, qry, []histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		{
+			Count:           6,
+			Sum:             6,
+			PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Offset: 0, Length: 2}},
+			PositiveBuckets: []float64{3, 3},
+		},
+		{
+			Count:           1,
+			Sum:             1,
+			PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Offset: 0, Length: 1}},
+			PositiveBuckets: []float64{1},
+		},
+	})
+}

From f6e4b775e273c719acc4ff2d01c66934d66acea6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2024 14:25:46 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 056/180] Check for errors first

Signed-off-by: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/promqltest/test.go | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/promqltest/test.go b/promql/promqltest/test.go
index 83137e661..8b1ec381a 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/test.go
+++ b/promql/promqltest/test.go
@@ -1003,13 +1003,6 @@ func (t *test) execRangeEval(cmd *evalCmd, engine promql.QueryEngine) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error creating range query for %q (line %d): %w", cmd.expr, cmd.line, err)
 	}
 	res := q.Exec(t.context)
-	countWarnings, _ := res.Warnings.CountWarningsAndInfo()
-	if !cmd.warn && countWarnings > 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected warnings evaluating query %q (line %d): %v", cmd.expr, cmd.line, res.Warnings)
-	}
-	if cmd.warn && countWarnings == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("expected warnings evaluating query %q (line %d) but got none", cmd.expr, cmd.line)
-	}
 	if res.Err != nil {
 		if cmd.fail {
 			return cmd.checkExpectedFailure(res.Err)
@@ -1020,6 +1013,13 @@ func (t *test) execRangeEval(cmd *evalCmd, engine promql.QueryEngine) error {
 	if res.Err == nil && cmd.fail {
 		return fmt.Errorf("expected error evaluating query %q (line %d) but got none", cmd.expr, cmd.line)
 	}
+	countWarnings, _ := res.Warnings.CountWarningsAndInfo()
+	if !cmd.warn && countWarnings > 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected warnings evaluating query %q (line %d): %v", cmd.expr, cmd.line, res.Warnings)
+	}
+	if cmd.warn && countWarnings == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected warnings evaluating query %q (line %d) but got none", cmd.expr, cmd.line)
+	}
 	defer q.Close()
 
 	if err := cmd.compareResult(res.Value); err != nil {
@@ -1050,13 +1050,6 @@ func (t *test) runInstantQuery(iq atModifierTestCase, cmd *evalCmd, engine promq
 	}
 	defer q.Close()
 	res := q.Exec(t.context)
-	countWarnings, _ := res.Warnings.CountWarningsAndInfo()
-	if !cmd.warn && countWarnings > 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected warnings evaluating query %q (line %d): %v", iq.expr, cmd.line, res.Warnings)
-	}
-	if cmd.warn && countWarnings == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("expected warnings evaluating query %q (line %d) but got none", iq.expr, cmd.line)
-	}
 	if res.Err != nil {
 		if cmd.fail {
 			if err := cmd.checkExpectedFailure(res.Err); err != nil {
@@ -1070,6 +1063,13 @@ func (t *test) runInstantQuery(iq atModifierTestCase, cmd *evalCmd, engine promq
 	if res.Err == nil && cmd.fail {
 		return fmt.Errorf("expected error evaluating query %q (line %d) but got none", iq.expr, cmd.line)
 	}
+	countWarnings, _ := res.Warnings.CountWarningsAndInfo()
+	if !cmd.warn && countWarnings > 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected warnings evaluating query %q (line %d): %v", iq.expr, cmd.line, res.Warnings)
+	}
+	if cmd.warn && countWarnings == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected warnings evaluating query %q (line %d) but got none", iq.expr, cmd.line)
+	}
 	err = cmd.compareResult(res.Value)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error in %s %s (line %d): %w", cmd, iq.expr, cmd.line, err)

From 424cefcf5e34f8b3266dbc77df933fa7b94961aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2024 14:39:50 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 057/180] Fix "cannot reduce resolution to custom buckets
 schema" panic in `rate` over native histograms with mix of custom and
 exponential buckets

Signed-off-by: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/functions.go                           |  9 ++++++++
 .../testdata/native_histograms.test           | 22 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index 35dbd2970..018023bf0 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -179,15 +179,21 @@ func extrapolatedRate(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNod
 // Otherwise, it returns the calculated histogram and an empty annotation.
 func histogramRate(points []HPoint, isCounter bool, metricName string, pos posrange.PositionRange) (*histogram.FloatHistogram, annotations.Annotations) {
 	prev := points[0].H
+	usingCustomBuckets := prev.UsesCustomBuckets()
 	last := points[len(points)-1].H
 	if last == nil {
 		return nil, annotations.New().Add(annotations.NewMixedFloatsHistogramsWarning(metricName, pos))
 	}
+
 	minSchema := prev.Schema
 	if last.Schema < minSchema {
 		minSchema = last.Schema
 	}
 
+	if last.UsesCustomBuckets() != usingCustomBuckets {
+		return nil, annotations.New().Add(annotations.NewMixedExponentialCustomHistogramsWarning(metricName, pos))
+	}
+
 	var annos annotations.Annotations
 
 	// We check for gauge type histograms in the loop below, but the loop below does not run on the first and last point,
@@ -215,6 +221,9 @@ func histogramRate(points []HPoint, isCounter bool, metricName string, pos posra
 		if curr.Schema < minSchema {
 			minSchema = curr.Schema
 		}
+		if curr.UsesCustomBuckets() != usingCustomBuckets {
+			return nil, annotations.New().Add(annotations.NewMixedExponentialCustomHistogramsWarning(metricName, pos))
+		}
 	}
 
 	h := last.CopyToSchema(minSchema)
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index 034d73eb5..f91626c34 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -762,3 +762,25 @@ eval_warn instant at 30s rate(some_metric[30s])
 # Test the case where we have more than two points for rate
 eval_warn instant at 1m rate(some_metric[1m])
     {} {{count:0.03333333333333333 sum:0.03333333333333333 buckets:[0.03333333333333333]}}
+
+clear
+
+# Test rate() over mixed exponential and custom buckets.
+load 30s
+    some_metric {{schema:0 sum:1 count:1 buckets:[1]}} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}} {{schema:0 sum:5 count:4 buckets:[1 2 1]}} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}}
+
+# Start and end with exponential, with custom in the middle.
+eval_warn instant at 1m rate(some_metric[1m])
+    # Should produce no results.
+
+# Start and end with custom, with exponential in the middle.
+eval_warn instant at 1m30s rate(some_metric[1m])
+    # Should produce no results.
+
+# Start with custom, end with exponential.
+eval_warn instant at 1m rate(some_metric[30s])
+    # Should produce no results.
+
+# Start with exponential, end with custom.
+eval_warn instant at 30s rate(some_metric[30s])
+    # Should produce no results.

From 5ee94f49a22c9c9df338f7acc27044fe75f078af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2024 15:30:01 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 058/180] Fix issue where `sum` over mixed exponential and
 custom buckets, or incompatible custom buckets, produces incorrect results

Signed-off-by: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine.go                              | 19 +++++++++----
 .../testdata/native_histograms.test           | 27 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 14c370606..efb6c583f 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2784,6 +2784,7 @@ type groupedAggregation struct {
 	seen              bool // Was this output groups seen in the input at this timestamp.
 	hasFloat          bool // Has at least 1 float64 sample aggregated.
 	hasHistogram      bool // Has at least 1 histogram sample aggregated.
+	abandonHistogram  bool // If true, group has seen mixed exponential and custom buckets, or incompatible custom buckets.
 	groupAggrComplete bool // Used by LIMITK to short-cut series loop when we've reached K elem on every group.
 	incrementalMean   bool // True after reverting to incremental calculation of the mean value.
 }
@@ -2809,10 +2810,11 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 		// Initialize this group if it's the first time we've seen it.
 		if !group.seen {
 			*group = groupedAggregation{
-				seen:       true,
-				floatValue: f,
-				floatMean:  f,
-				groupCount: 1,
+				seen:             true,
+				floatValue:       f,
+				floatMean:        f,
+				abandonHistogram: false,
+				groupCount:       1,
 			}
 			switch op {
 			case parser.AVG, parser.SUM:
@@ -2833,6 +2835,10 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 			continue
 		}
 
+		if group.abandonHistogram {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		switch op {
 		case parser.SUM:
 			if h != nil {
@@ -2841,6 +2847,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 					_, err := group.histogramValue.Add(h)
 					if err != nil {
 						handleAggregationError(err, e, inputMatrix[si].Metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel), &annos)
+						group.abandonHistogram = true
 					}
 				}
 				// Otherwise the aggregation contained floats
@@ -2987,7 +2994,9 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 				annos.Add(annotations.NewMixedFloatsHistogramsAggWarning(e.Expr.PositionRange()))
 				continue
 			}
-			if aggr.hasHistogram {
+			if aggr.abandonHistogram {
+				continue
+			} else if aggr.hasHistogram {
 				aggr.histogramValue.Compact(0)
 			} else {
 				aggr.floatValue += aggr.floatKahanC
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index 034d73eb5..fc0517f75 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -762,3 +762,30 @@ eval_warn instant at 30s rate(some_metric[30s])
 # Test the case where we have more than two points for rate
 eval_warn instant at 1m rate(some_metric[1m])
     {} {{count:0.03333333333333333 sum:0.03333333333333333 buckets:[0.03333333333333333]}}
+
+# Test mixing exponential and custom buckets.
+load 6m
+  metric{series="exponential"}         {{sum:4 count:3 buckets:[1 2 1]}}  _                                                                 {{sum:4 count:3 buckets:[1 2 1]}}
+  metric{series="other-exponential"}   {{sum:3 count:2 buckets:[1 1 1]}}  _                                                                 {{sum:3 count:2 buckets:[1 1 1]}}
+  metric{series="custom"}              _                                  {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}}     {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}}
+  metric{series="other-custom"}        _                                  {{schema:-53 sum:15 count:2 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[0 2]}}  {{schema:-53 sum:15 count:2 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[0 2]}}
+
+# T=0: only exponential
+# T=6: only custom
+# T=12: mixed, should be ignored and emit an warning
+eval_warn range from 0 to 12m step 6m sum(metric)
+  {} {{sum:7 count:5 buckets:[2 3 2]}} {{schema:-53 sum:16 count:3 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1 2]}} _
+
+clear
+
+# Test incompatible custom bucket schemas.
+load 6m
+  metric{series="1"} _                                                             {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}}
+  metric{series="2"} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[2] buckets:[1]}}    _                                                             {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[2] buckets:[1]}}
+  metric{series="3"} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}}
+
+# T=0: incompatible, should be ignored and emit a warning
+# T=6: compatible
+# T=12: incompatible followed by compatible, should be ignored and emit a warning
+eval_warn range from 0 to 12m step 6m sum(metric)
+  {} _ {{schema:-53 sum:2 count:2 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[2]}} _

From f07b3ae67be5620cef9ff5520ba44d94f1216cb9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2024 15:32:35 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 059/180] Fix issue where `avg` over mixed exponential and
 custom buckets, or incompatible custom buckets, produces incorrect results or
 panics

Signed-off-by: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine.go                                  | 6 ++++++
 promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test | 6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index efb6c583f..d51ed92c5 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2868,10 +2868,14 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 					toAdd, err := left.Sub(right)
 					if err != nil {
 						handleAggregationError(err, e, inputMatrix[si].Metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel), &annos)
+						group.abandonHistogram = true
+						continue
 					}
 					_, err = group.histogramValue.Add(toAdd)
 					if err != nil {
 						handleAggregationError(err, e, inputMatrix[si].Metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel), &annos)
+						group.abandonHistogram = true
+						continue
 					}
 				}
 				// Otherwise the aggregation contained floats
@@ -2968,6 +2972,8 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 				continue
 			}
 			switch {
+			case aggr.abandonHistogram:
+				continue
 			case aggr.hasHistogram:
 				aggr.histogramValue = aggr.histogramValue.Compact(0)
 			case aggr.incrementalMean:
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index fc0517f75..62fac87c1 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -776,6 +776,9 @@ load 6m
 eval_warn range from 0 to 12m step 6m sum(metric)
   {} {{sum:7 count:5 buckets:[2 3 2]}} {{schema:-53 sum:16 count:3 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1 2]}} _
 
+eval_warn range from 0 to 12m step 6m avg(metric)
+  {} {{sum:3.5 count:2.5 buckets:[1 1.5 1]}} {{schema:-53 sum:8 count:1.5 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[0.5 1]}} _
+
 clear
 
 # Test incompatible custom bucket schemas.
@@ -789,3 +792,6 @@ load 6m
 # T=12: incompatible followed by compatible, should be ignored and emit a warning
 eval_warn range from 0 to 12m step 6m sum(metric)
   {} _ {{schema:-53 sum:2 count:2 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[2]}} _
+
+eval_warn range from 0 to 12m step 6m avg(metric)
+  {} _ {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}} _

From 0f4bc87b4fde3b4d9483a62a6b4f8fe3286c84bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2024 15:35:06 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 060/180] Make linter happy

Signed-off-by: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine.go | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index d51ed92c5..6f0c64d42 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -3000,11 +3000,12 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 				annos.Add(annotations.NewMixedFloatsHistogramsAggWarning(e.Expr.PositionRange()))
 				continue
 			}
-			if aggr.abandonHistogram {
+			switch {
+			case aggr.abandonHistogram:
 				continue
-			} else if aggr.hasHistogram {
+			case aggr.hasHistogram:
 				aggr.histogramValue.Compact(0)
-			} else {
+			default:
 				aggr.floatValue += aggr.floatKahanC
 			}
 		default:

From 0833d2a230c422ad5ce99e096702ce1802efae73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Oleg Zaytsev <mail@olegzaytsev.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2024 15:02:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 061/180] Fix appendable: check whether last val was a
 histogram (#14613)

* Fix appendable: check whether last val was a histogram

When appending a float, we were checking whether lastValue was equal to
current value, but we didn't check whether last value was a float value.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Zaytsev <mail@olegzaytsev.com>
---
 storage/errors.go      | 20 +++++++++++++++++---
 storage/errors_test.go | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tsdb/head_append.go    |  3 +++
 tsdb/head_test.go      | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 storage/errors_test.go

diff --git a/storage/errors.go b/storage/errors.go
index eff70f678..dd48066db 100644
--- a/storage/errors.go
+++ b/storage/errors.go
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ package storage
 import "fmt"
 
 type errDuplicateSampleForTimestamp struct {
-	timestamp int64
-	existing  float64
-	newValue  float64
+	timestamp           int64
+	existing            float64
+	existingIsHistogram bool
+	newValue            float64
 }
 
 func NewDuplicateFloatErr(t int64, existing, newValue float64) error {
@@ -29,13 +30,26 @@ func NewDuplicateFloatErr(t int64, existing, newValue float64) error {
 	}
 }
 
+// NewDuplicateHistogramToFloatErr describes an error where a new float sample is sent for same timestamp as previous histogram.
+func NewDuplicateHistogramToFloatErr(t int64, newValue float64) error {
+	return errDuplicateSampleForTimestamp{
+		timestamp:           t,
+		existingIsHistogram: true,
+		newValue:            newValue,
+	}
+}
+
 func (e errDuplicateSampleForTimestamp) Error() string {
 	if e.timestamp == 0 {
 		return "duplicate sample for timestamp"
 	}
+	if e.existingIsHistogram {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("duplicate sample for timestamp %d; overrides not allowed: existing is a histogram, new value %g", e.timestamp, e.newValue)
+	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf("duplicate sample for timestamp %d; overrides not allowed: existing %g, new value %g", e.timestamp, e.existing, e.newValue)
 }
 
+// Is implements the anonymous interface checked by errors.Is.
 // Every errDuplicateSampleForTimestamp compares equal to the global ErrDuplicateSampleForTimestamp.
 func (e errDuplicateSampleForTimestamp) Is(t error) bool {
 	if t == ErrDuplicateSampleForTimestamp {
diff --git a/storage/errors_test.go b/storage/errors_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3e202b49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storage/errors_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package storage
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestErrDuplicateSampleForTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
+	// All errDuplicateSampleForTimestamp are ErrDuplicateSampleForTimestamp
+	require.ErrorIs(t, ErrDuplicateSampleForTimestamp, errDuplicateSampleForTimestamp{})
+
+	// Same type only is if it has same properties.
+	err := NewDuplicateFloatErr(1_000, 10, 20)
+	sameErr := NewDuplicateFloatErr(1_000, 10, 20)
+	differentErr := NewDuplicateFloatErr(1_001, 30, 40)
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, sameErr)
+	require.NotErrorIs(t, err, differentErr)
+
+	// Also works when err is wrapped.
+	require.ErrorIs(t, fmt.Errorf("failed: %w", err), sameErr)
+	require.NotErrorIs(t, fmt.Errorf("failed: %w", err), differentErr)
+}
diff --git a/tsdb/head_append.go b/tsdb/head_append.go
index 8d66d1e81..bdde0d7f8 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_append.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_append.go
@@ -466,6 +466,9 @@ func (s *memSeries) appendable(t int64, v float64, headMaxt, minValidTime, oooTi
 			// like federation and erroring out at that time would be extremely noisy.
 			// This only checks against the latest in-order sample.
 			// The OOO headchunk has its own method to detect these duplicates.
+			if s.lastHistogramValue != nil || s.lastFloatHistogramValue != nil {
+				return false, 0, storage.NewDuplicateHistogramToFloatErr(t, v)
+			}
 			if math.Float64bits(s.lastValue) != math.Float64bits(v) {
 				return false, 0, storage.NewDuplicateFloatErr(t, s.lastValue, v)
 			}
diff --git a/tsdb/head_test.go b/tsdb/head_test.go
index 09927c23c..fb73a3638 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_test.go
@@ -5919,6 +5919,35 @@ func TestPostingsCardinalityStats(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, statsForSomeLabel1, head.PostingsCardinalityStats("n", 1))
 }
 
+func TestHeadAppender_AppendFloatWithSameTimestampAsPreviousHistogram(t *testing.T) {
+	head, _ := newTestHead(t, DefaultBlockDuration, wlog.CompressionNone, false)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { head.Close() })
+
+	ls := labels.FromStrings(labels.MetricName, "test")
+
+	{
+		// Append a float 10.0 @ 1_000
+		app := head.Appender(context.Background())
+		_, err := app.Append(0, ls, 1_000, 10.0)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
+	}
+
+	{
+		// Append a float histogram @ 2_000
+		app := head.Appender(context.Background())
+		h := tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogram(1)
+		_, err := app.AppendHistogram(0, ls, 2_000, h, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
+	}
+
+	app := head.Appender(context.Background())
+	_, err := app.Append(0, ls, 2_000, 10.0)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, storage.NewDuplicateHistogramToFloatErr(2_000, 10.0))
+}
+
 func TestHeadAppender_AppendCTZeroSample(t *testing.T) {
 	type appendableSamples struct {
 		ts  int64

From 92873d3009bdcf3c961df76167250f8c545351e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2024 14:59:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 062/180] feat: allow to delay head compaction start time
 helping Prometheus instances to

avoid simultaneous compactions and reduce stress on shared resources.

This is enabled via `--enable-feature=delayed-compaction`.

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
---
 cmd/prometheus/main.go          |   7 +-
 docs/command-line/prometheus.md |   2 +-
 docs/feature_flags.md           |  14 ++
 tsdb/compact_test.go            | 227 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tsdb/db.go                      |  44 ++++++-
 tsdb/db_test.go                 |  22 ++++
 6 files changed, 313 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/prometheus/main.go b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
index 1d844ddba..d7333b657 100644
--- a/cmd/prometheus/main.go
+++ b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
@@ -234,6 +234,9 @@ func (c *flagConfig) setFeatureListOptions(logger log.Logger) error {
 				config.DefaultConfig.GlobalConfig.ScrapeProtocols = config.DefaultProtoFirstScrapeProtocols
 				config.DefaultGlobalConfig.ScrapeProtocols = config.DefaultProtoFirstScrapeProtocols
 				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Experimental created timestamp zero ingestion enabled. Changed default scrape_protocols to prefer PrometheusProto format.", "global.scrape_protocols", fmt.Sprintf("%v", config.DefaultGlobalConfig.ScrapeProtocols))
+			case "delayed-compaction":
+				c.tsdb.EnableDelayedCompaction = true
+				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Experimental delayed compaction is enabled.")
 			case "":
 				continue
 			case "promql-at-modifier", "promql-negative-offset":
@@ -475,7 +478,7 @@ func main() {
 	a.Flag("scrape.discovery-reload-interval", "Interval used by scrape manager to throttle target groups updates.").
 		Hidden().Default("5s").SetValue(&cfg.scrape.DiscoveryReloadInterval)
 
-	a.Flag("enable-feature", "Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details.").
+	a.Flag("enable-feature", "Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval, delayed-compaction. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details.").
 		Default("").StringsVar(&cfg.featureList)
 
 	promlogflag.AddFlags(a, &cfg.promlogConfig)
@@ -1715,6 +1718,7 @@ type tsdbOptions struct {
 	MaxExemplars                   int64
 	EnableMemorySnapshotOnShutdown bool
 	EnableNativeHistograms         bool
+	EnableDelayedCompaction        bool
 }
 
 func (opts tsdbOptions) ToTSDBOptions() tsdb.Options {
@@ -1736,6 +1740,7 @@ func (opts tsdbOptions) ToTSDBOptions() tsdb.Options {
 		EnableNativeHistograms:         opts.EnableNativeHistograms,
 		OutOfOrderTimeWindow:           opts.OutOfOrderTimeWindow,
 		EnableOverlappingCompaction:    true,
+		EnableDelayedCompaction:        opts.EnableDelayedCompaction,
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/docs/command-line/prometheus.md b/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
index 2faf65105..b8f2e4241 100644
--- a/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
+++ b/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The Prometheus monitoring server
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--query.timeout</code> | Maximum time a query may take before being aborted. Use with server mode only. | `2m` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--query.max-concurrency</code> | Maximum number of queries executed concurrently. Use with server mode only. | `20` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--query.max-samples</code> | Maximum number of samples a single query can load into memory. Note that queries will fail if they try to load more samples than this into memory, so this also limits the number of samples a query can return. Use with server mode only. | `50000000` |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--enable-feature</code> | Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details. |  |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--enable-feature</code> | Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval, delayed-compaction. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details. |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--log.level</code> | Only log messages with the given severity or above. One of: [debug, info, warn, error] | `info` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--log.format</code> | Output format of log messages. One of: [logfmt, json] | `logfmt` |
 
diff --git a/docs/feature_flags.md b/docs/feature_flags.md
index 24d70647f..3f92ab7fd 100644
--- a/docs/feature_flags.md
+++ b/docs/feature_flags.md
@@ -234,3 +234,17 @@ metadata changes as WAL records on a per-series basis.
 
 This must be used if
 you are also using remote write 2.0 as it will only gather metadata from the WAL.
+
+## Delay compaction start time
+
+`--enable-feature=delayed-compaction`
+
+A random offset, up to `10%` of the chunk range, is added to the Head compaction start time. This assists Prometheus instances in avoiding simultaneous compactions and reduces the load on shared resources.
+
+Only auto Head compactions and the operations directly resulting from them are subject to this delay.
+
+In the event of multiple consecutive Head compactions being possible, only the first compaction experiences this delay.
+
+Note that during this delay, the Head continues its usual operations, which include serving and appending series.
+
+Despite the delay in compaction, the blocks produced are time-aligned in the same manner as they would be if the delay was not in place.
diff --git a/tsdb/compact_test.go b/tsdb/compact_test.go
index 0df6ca050..0ea155d10 100644
--- a/tsdb/compact_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/compact_test.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
@@ -1925,3 +1926,229 @@ func TestCompactEmptyResultBlockWithTombstone(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Nil(t, ulids)
 	require.NoError(t, block.Close())
 }
+
+func TestDelayedCompaction(t *testing.T) {
+	// The delay is chosen in such a way as to not slow down the tests, but also to make
+	// the effective compaction duration negligible compared to it, so that the duration comparisons make sense.
+	delay := 1000 * time.Millisecond
+
+	waitUntilCompactedAndCheck := func(db *DB) {
+		t.Helper()
+		start := time.Now()
+		for db.head.compactable() {
+			// This simulates what happens at the end of commits, for less busy DB, a compaction
+			// is triggered every minute. This is to speed up the test.
+			select {
+			case db.compactc <- struct{}{}:
+			default:
+			}
+			time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+		}
+		duration := time.Since(start)
+		// Only waited for one offset: offset<=delay<<<2*offset
+		require.Greater(t, duration, db.opts.CompactionDelay)
+		require.Less(t, duration, 2*db.opts.CompactionDelay)
+	}
+
+	compactAndCheck := func(db *DB) {
+		t.Helper()
+		start := time.Now()
+		db.Compact(context.Background())
+		for db.head.compactable() {
+			time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+		}
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			// TODO: enable on windows once ms resolution timers are better supported.
+			return
+		}
+		duration := time.Since(start)
+		require.Less(t, duration, delay)
+	}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		// The delays are chosen in such a way as to not slow down the tests, but also in a way to make the
+		// effective compaction duration negligible compared to them, so that the duration comparisons make sense.
+		compactionDelay time.Duration
+	}{
+		{
+			"delayed compaction not enabled",
+			0,
+		},
+		{
+			"delayed compaction enabled",
+			delay,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		c := c
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			var options *Options
+			if c.compactionDelay > 0 {
+				options = &Options{CompactionDelay: c.compactionDelay}
+			}
+			db := openTestDB(t, options, []int64{10})
+			defer func() {
+				require.NoError(t, db.Close())
+			}()
+
+			label := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar")
+
+			// The first compaction is expected to result in 1 block.
+			db.DisableCompactions()
+			app := db.Appender(context.Background())
+			_, err := app.Append(0, label, 0, 0)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			_, err = app.Append(0, label, 11, 0)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			_, err = app.Append(0, label, 21, 0)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
+
+			if c.compactionDelay == 0 {
+				// When delay is not enabled, compaction should run on the first trigger.
+				compactAndCheck(db)
+			} else {
+				db.EnableCompactions()
+				waitUntilCompactedAndCheck(db)
+				// The db.compactc signals have been processed multiple times since a compaction is triggered every 1ms by waitUntilCompacted.
+				// This implies that the compaction delay doesn't block or wait on the initial trigger.
+				// 3 is an arbitrary value because it's difficult to determine the precise value.
+				require.GreaterOrEqual(t, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.metrics.compactionsTriggered)-prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.metrics.compactionsSkipped), 3.0)
+				// The delay doesn't change the head blocks alignement.
+				require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+					return db.head.MinTime() == db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).ranges[0]+1
+				}, 500*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond)
+				// One compaction was run and one block was produced.
+				require.Equal(t, 1.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).metrics.Ran))
+			}
+
+			// The second compaction is expected to result in 2 blocks.
+			// This ensures that the logic for compaction delay doesn't only work for the first compaction, but also takes into account the future compactions.
+			// This also ensures that no delay happens between consecutive compactions.
+			db.DisableCompactions()
+			app = db.Appender(context.Background())
+			_, err = app.Append(0, label, 31, 0)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			_, err = app.Append(0, label, 41, 0)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
+
+			if c.compactionDelay == 0 {
+				// Compaction should still run on the first trigger.
+				compactAndCheck(db)
+			} else {
+				db.EnableCompactions()
+				waitUntilCompactedAndCheck(db)
+			}
+
+			// Two other compactions were run.
+			require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+				return prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).metrics.Ran) == 3.0
+			}, 500*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond)
+
+			if c.compactionDelay == 0 {
+				return
+			}
+
+			// This test covers a special case. If auto compaction is in a delay period and a manual compaction is triggered,
+			// auto compaction should stop waiting for the delay if the head is no longer compactable.
+			// Of course, if the head is still compactable after the manual compaction, auto compaction will continue waiting for the same delay.
+			getTimeWhenCompactionDelayStarted := func() time.Time {
+				t.Helper()
+				db.cmtx.Lock()
+				defer db.cmtx.Unlock()
+				return db.timeWhenCompactionDelayStarted
+			}
+
+			db.DisableCompactions()
+			app = db.Appender(context.Background())
+			_, err = app.Append(0, label, 51, 0)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
+
+			require.True(t, db.head.compactable())
+			db.EnableCompactions()
+			// Trigger an auto compaction.
+			db.compactc <- struct{}{}
+			// That made auto compaction start waiting for the delay.
+			require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+				return !getTimeWhenCompactionDelayStarted().IsZero()
+			}, 100*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond)
+			// Trigger a manual compaction.
+			require.NoError(t, db.CompactHead(NewRangeHead(db.Head(), 0, 50.0)))
+			require.Equal(t, 4.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).metrics.Ran))
+			// Re-trigger an auto compaction.
+			db.compactc <- struct{}{}
+			// That made auto compaction stop waiting for the delay.
+			require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+				return getTimeWhenCompactionDelayStarted().IsZero()
+			}, 100*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDelayedCompactionDoesNotBlockUnrelatedOps makes sure that when delayed compaction is enabled,
+// operations that don't directly derive from the Head compaction are not delayed, here we consider disk blocks compaction.
+func TestDelayedCompactionDoesNotBlockUnrelatedOps(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name            string
+		whenCompactable bool
+	}{
+		{
+			"Head is compactable",
+			true,
+		},
+		{
+			"Head is not compactable",
+			false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		c := c
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			tmpdir := t.TempDir()
+			// Some blocks that need compation are present.
+			createBlock(t, tmpdir, genSeries(1, 1, 0, 100))
+			createBlock(t, tmpdir, genSeries(1, 1, 100, 200))
+			createBlock(t, tmpdir, genSeries(1, 1, 200, 300))
+
+			options := DefaultOptions()
+			// This will make the test timeout if compaction really waits for it.
+			options.CompactionDelay = time.Hour
+			db, err := open(tmpdir, log.NewNopLogger(), nil, options, []int64{10, 200}, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer func() {
+				require.NoError(t, db.Close())
+			}()
+
+			db.DisableCompactions()
+			require.Len(t, db.Blocks(), 3)
+
+			if c.whenCompactable {
+				label := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar")
+				app := db.Appender(context.Background())
+				_, err := app.Append(0, label, 301, 0)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				_, err = app.Append(0, label, 317, 0)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
+				// The Head is compactable and will still be at the end.
+				require.True(t, db.head.compactable())
+				defer func() {
+					require.True(t, db.head.compactable())
+				}()
+			}
+
+			// The blocks were compacted.
+			db.Compact(context.Background())
+			require.Len(t, db.Blocks(), 2)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tsdb/db.go b/tsdb/db.go
index 87870a847..3c73c892a 100644
--- a/tsdb/db.go
+++ b/tsdb/db.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"math"
+	"math/rand"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
@@ -84,6 +85,8 @@ func DefaultOptions() *Options {
 		OutOfOrderCapMax:            DefaultOutOfOrderCapMax,
 		EnableOverlappingCompaction: true,
 		EnableSharding:              false,
+		EnableDelayedCompaction:     false,
+		CompactionDelay:             time.Duration(0),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -190,6 +193,13 @@ type Options struct {
 	// EnableSharding enables query sharding support in TSDB.
 	EnableSharding bool
 
+	// EnableDelayedCompaction, when set to true, assigns a random value to CompactionDelay during DB opening.
+	// When set to false, delayed compaction is disabled, unless CompactionDelay is set directly.
+	EnableDelayedCompaction bool
+	// CompactionDelay delays the start time of auto compactions.
+	// It can be increased by up to one minute if the DB does not commit too often.
+	CompactionDelay time.Duration
+
 	// NewCompactorFunc is a function that returns a TSDB compactor.
 	NewCompactorFunc NewCompactorFunc
 
@@ -246,6 +256,9 @@ type DB struct {
 	// Cancel a running compaction when a shutdown is initiated.
 	compactCancel context.CancelFunc
 
+	// timeWhenCompactionDelayStarted helps delay the compactions start time.
+	timeWhenCompactionDelayStarted time.Time
+
 	// oooWasEnabled is true if out of order support was enabled at least one time
 	// during the time TSDB was up. In which case we need to keep supporting
 	// out-of-order compaction and vertical queries.
@@ -998,6 +1011,10 @@ func open(dir string, l log.Logger, r prometheus.Registerer, opts *Options, rngs
 		db.oooWasEnabled.Store(true)
 	}
 
+	if opts.EnableDelayedCompaction {
+		opts.CompactionDelay = db.generateCompactionDelay()
+	}
+
 	go db.run(ctx)
 
 	return db, nil
@@ -1186,6 +1203,12 @@ func (a dbAppender) Commit() error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// waitingForCompactionDelay returns true if the DB is waiting for the Head compaction delay.
+// This doesn't guarantee that the Head is really compactable.
+func (db *DB) waitingForCompactionDelay() bool {
+	return time.Since(db.timeWhenCompactionDelayStarted) < db.opts.CompactionDelay
+}
+
 // Compact data if possible. After successful compaction blocks are reloaded
 // which will also delete the blocks that fall out of the retention window.
 // Old blocks are only deleted on reloadBlocks based on the new block's parent information.
@@ -1219,7 +1242,21 @@ func (db *DB) Compact(ctx context.Context) (returnErr error) {
 			return nil
 		default:
 		}
+
 		if !db.head.compactable() {
+			// Reset the counter once the head compactions are done.
+			// This would also reset it if a manual compaction was triggered while the auto compaction was in its delay period.
+			if !db.timeWhenCompactionDelayStarted.IsZero() {
+				db.timeWhenCompactionDelayStarted = time.Time{}
+			}
+			break
+		}
+
+		if db.timeWhenCompactionDelayStarted.IsZero() {
+			// Start counting for the delay.
+			db.timeWhenCompactionDelayStarted = time.Now()
+		}
+		if db.waitingForCompactionDelay() {
 			break
 		}
 		mint := db.head.MinTime()
@@ -1429,7 +1466,7 @@ func (db *DB) compactBlocks() (err error) {
 		// If we have a lot of blocks to compact the whole process might take
 		// long enough that we end up with a HEAD block that needs to be written.
 		// Check if that's the case and stop compactions early.
-		if db.head.compactable() {
+		if db.head.compactable() && !db.waitingForCompactionDelay() {
 			level.Warn(db.logger).Log("msg", "aborting block compactions to persit the head block")
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -1932,6 +1969,11 @@ func (db *DB) EnableCompactions() {
 	level.Info(db.logger).Log("msg", "Compactions enabled")
 }
 
+func (db *DB) generateCompactionDelay() time.Duration {
+	// Up to 10% of the head's chunkRange.
+	return time.Duration(rand.Int63n(db.head.chunkRange.Load()/10)) * time.Millisecond
+}
+
 // ForceHeadMMap is intended for use only in tests and benchmarks.
 func (db *DB) ForceHeadMMap() {
 	db.head.mmapHeadChunks()
diff --git a/tsdb/db_test.go b/tsdb/db_test.go
index 781f36026..cf41e25f2 100644
--- a/tsdb/db_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/db_test.go
@@ -7357,3 +7357,25 @@ func TestBlockQuerierAndBlockChunkQuerier(t *testing.T) {
 	// Make sure only block-1 is queried.
 	require.Equal(t, "block-1", lbls.Get("block"))
 }
+
+func TestGenerateCompactionDelay(t *testing.T) {
+	assertDelay := func(delay time.Duration) {
+		t.Helper()
+		require.GreaterOrEqual(t, delay, time.Duration(0))
+		// Less than 10% of the chunkRange.
+		require.LessOrEqual(t, delay, 6000*time.Millisecond)
+	}
+
+	opts := DefaultOptions()
+	opts.EnableDelayedCompaction = true
+	db := openTestDB(t, opts, []int64{60000})
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, db.Close())
+	}()
+	// The offset is generated and changed while opening.
+	assertDelay(db.opts.CompactionDelay)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+		assertDelay(db.generateCompactionDelay())
+	}
+}

From 17b0b788da6a9efda12509aa2e829fd7e4b1efb8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: George Krajcsovits <krajorama@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2024 20:15:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 063/180] Update promql/engine.go

Signed-off-by: George Krajcsovits <krajorama@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 promql/engine.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 621c2116e..f6b79f3a4 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2357,7 +2357,7 @@ loop:
 			histograms = append(histograms, HPoint{H: &histogram.FloatHistogram{}})
 		}
 		if histograms[n].H == nil {
-			// Initialize to non zero to AtFloatHistogram does a copy for sure.
+			// Make sure to pass non zero H to AtFloatHistogram so that it does a deep-copy.
 			// Not an issue in the loop above since that uses an intermediate buffer.
 			histograms[n].H = &histogram.FloatHistogram{}
 		}

From f91009aa2ef0721ec41870d7b1ae4c44876801cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 09:11:38 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 064/180] promql: clarify error message when panic occurs
 during query evaluation

Signed-off-by: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 1427302e5..102987d73 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) recover(expr parser.Expr, ws *annotations.Annotations, errp
 		buf := make([]byte, 64<<10)
 		buf = buf[:runtime.Stack(buf, false)]
 
-		level.Error(ev.logger).Log("msg", "runtime panic in parser", "expr", expr.String(), "err", e, "stacktrace", string(buf))
+		level.Error(ev.logger).Log("msg", "runtime panic during query evaluation", "expr", expr.String(), "err", e, "stacktrace", string(buf))
 		*errp = fmt.Errorf("unexpected error: %w", err)
 	case errWithWarnings:
 		*errp = err.err

From 6100e756a8ffb8aec255f0964e5471aafbe87de3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Filip Petkovski <filip.petkovsky@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2024 09:49:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 065/180] Ignore stale histograms for counter reset detection

The histogram stats decoder keeps track of the last seen histogram sample
in order to properly detect counter resets. We are seeing an issue where
a histogram with UnknownResetHint gets treated as a counter reset when it follows
a stale histogram sample.

I believe that this is incorrect since stale samples should be completely ignored
in PromQL. As a result, they should not be stored in the histogram stats iterator
and the counter reset detection needs to be done against the last non-stale sample.

Signed-off-by: Filip Petkovski <filip.petkovsky@gmail.com>
---
 promql/histogram_stats_iterator.go      |   2 -
 promql/histogram_stats_iterator_test.go | 123 +++++++++++++++---------
 tsdb/tsdbutil/histogram.go              |  10 +-
 3 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/histogram_stats_iterator.go b/promql/histogram_stats_iterator.go
index dfafea5f8..0a5f67ae7 100644
--- a/promql/histogram_stats_iterator.go
+++ b/promql/histogram_stats_iterator.go
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ func (f *histogramStatsIterator) AtHistogram(h *histogram.Histogram) (int64, *hi
 	var t int64
 	t, f.currentH = f.Iterator.AtHistogram(f.currentH)
 	if value.IsStaleNaN(f.currentH.Sum) {
-		f.setLastH(f.currentH)
 		h = &histogram.Histogram{Sum: f.currentH.Sum}
 		return t, h
 	}
@@ -77,7 +76,6 @@ func (f *histogramStatsIterator) AtFloatHistogram(fh *histogram.FloatHistogram)
 	var t int64
 	t, f.currentFH = f.Iterator.AtFloatHistogram(f.currentFH)
 	if value.IsStaleNaN(f.currentFH.Sum) {
-		f.setLastFH(f.currentFH)
 		return t, &histogram.FloatHistogram{Sum: f.currentFH.Sum}
 	}
 
diff --git a/promql/histogram_stats_iterator_test.go b/promql/histogram_stats_iterator_test.go
index b71a9d602..d5c081348 100644
--- a/promql/histogram_stats_iterator_test.go
+++ b/promql/histogram_stats_iterator_test.go
@@ -14,62 +14,99 @@
 package promql
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/value"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/chunkenc"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/tsdbutil"
 )
 
 func TestHistogramStatsDecoding(t *testing.T) {
-	histograms := []*histogram.Histogram{
-		tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogram(0),
-		tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogram(1),
-		tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogram(2),
-		tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogram(2),
-	}
-	histograms[0].CounterResetHint = histogram.NotCounterReset
-	histograms[1].CounterResetHint = histogram.UnknownCounterReset
-	histograms[2].CounterResetHint = histogram.CounterReset
-	histograms[3].CounterResetHint = histogram.UnknownCounterReset
-
-	expectedHints := []histogram.CounterResetHint{
-		histogram.NotCounterReset,
-		histogram.NotCounterReset,
-		histogram.CounterReset,
-		histogram.NotCounterReset,
+	cases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		histograms    []*histogram.Histogram
+		expectedHints []histogram.CounterResetHint
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "unknown counter reset triggers detection",
+			histograms: []*histogram.Histogram{
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(0, histogram.NotCounterReset),
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(1, histogram.UnknownCounterReset),
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(2, histogram.CounterReset),
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(2, histogram.UnknownCounterReset),
+			},
+			expectedHints: []histogram.CounterResetHint{
+				histogram.NotCounterReset,
+				histogram.NotCounterReset,
+				histogram.CounterReset,
+				histogram.NotCounterReset,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "stale sample before unknown reset hint",
+			histograms: []*histogram.Histogram{
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(0, histogram.NotCounterReset),
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(1, histogram.UnknownCounterReset),
+				{Sum: math.Float64frombits(value.StaleNaN)},
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(1, histogram.UnknownCounterReset),
+			},
+			expectedHints: []histogram.CounterResetHint{
+				histogram.NotCounterReset,
+				histogram.NotCounterReset,
+				histogram.UnknownCounterReset,
+				histogram.NotCounterReset,
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
-	t.Run("histogram_stats", func(t *testing.T) {
-		decodedStats := make([]*histogram.Histogram, 0)
-		statsIterator := NewHistogramStatsIterator(newHistogramSeries(histograms).Iterator(nil))
-		for statsIterator.Next() != chunkenc.ValNone {
-			_, h := statsIterator.AtHistogram(nil)
-			decodedStats = append(decodedStats, h)
-		}
-		for i := 0; i < len(histograms); i++ {
-			require.Equal(t, expectedHints[i], decodedStats[i].CounterResetHint)
-			require.Equal(t, histograms[i].Count, decodedStats[i].Count)
-			require.Equal(t, histograms[i].Sum, decodedStats[i].Sum)
-		}
-	})
-	t.Run("float_histogram_stats", func(t *testing.T) {
-		decodedStats := make([]*histogram.FloatHistogram, 0)
-		statsIterator := NewHistogramStatsIterator(newHistogramSeries(histograms).Iterator(nil))
-		for statsIterator.Next() != chunkenc.ValNone {
-			_, h := statsIterator.AtFloatHistogram(nil)
-			decodedStats = append(decodedStats, h)
-		}
-		for i := 0; i < len(histograms); i++ {
-			fh := histograms[i].ToFloat(nil)
-			require.Equal(t, expectedHints[i], decodedStats[i].CounterResetHint)
-			require.Equal(t, fh.Count, decodedStats[i].Count)
-			require.Equal(t, fh.Sum, decodedStats[i].Sum)
-		}
-	})
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Run("histogram_stats", func(t *testing.T) {
+				decodedStats := make([]*histogram.Histogram, 0)
+				statsIterator := NewHistogramStatsIterator(newHistogramSeries(tc.histograms).Iterator(nil))
+				for statsIterator.Next() != chunkenc.ValNone {
+					_, h := statsIterator.AtHistogram(nil)
+					decodedStats = append(decodedStats, h)
+				}
+				for i := 0; i < len(tc.histograms); i++ {
+					require.Equal(t, tc.expectedHints[i], decodedStats[i].CounterResetHint, fmt.Sprintf("mismatch in counter reset hint for histogram %d", i))
+					h := tc.histograms[i]
+					if value.IsStaleNaN(h.Sum) {
+						require.True(t, value.IsStaleNaN(decodedStats[i].Sum))
+						require.Equal(t, uint64(0), decodedStats[i].Count)
+					} else {
+						require.Equal(t, tc.histograms[i].Count, decodedStats[i].Count)
+						require.Equal(t, tc.histograms[i].Sum, decodedStats[i].Sum)
+					}
+				}
+			})
+			t.Run("float_histogram_stats", func(t *testing.T) {
+				decodedStats := make([]*histogram.FloatHistogram, 0)
+				statsIterator := NewHistogramStatsIterator(newHistogramSeries(tc.histograms).Iterator(nil))
+				for statsIterator.Next() != chunkenc.ValNone {
+					_, h := statsIterator.AtFloatHistogram(nil)
+					decodedStats = append(decodedStats, h)
+				}
+				for i := 0; i < len(tc.histograms); i++ {
+					require.Equal(t, tc.expectedHints[i], decodedStats[i].CounterResetHint)
+					fh := tc.histograms[i].ToFloat(nil)
+					if value.IsStaleNaN(fh.Sum) {
+						require.True(t, value.IsStaleNaN(decodedStats[i].Sum))
+						require.Equal(t, float64(0), decodedStats[i].Count)
+					} else {
+						require.Equal(t, fh.Count, decodedStats[i].Count)
+						require.Equal(t, fh.Sum, decodedStats[i].Sum)
+					}
+				}
+			})
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 type histogramSeries struct {
diff --git a/tsdb/tsdbutil/histogram.go b/tsdb/tsdbutil/histogram.go
index 3c7349cf7..ce934a638 100644
--- a/tsdb/tsdbutil/histogram.go
+++ b/tsdb/tsdbutil/histogram.go
@@ -30,12 +30,10 @@ func GenerateTestHistograms(n int) (r []*histogram.Histogram) {
 	return r
 }
 
-func GenerateTestHistogramsWithUnknownResetHint(n int) []*histogram.Histogram {
-	hs := GenerateTestHistograms(n)
-	for i := range hs {
-		hs[i].CounterResetHint = histogram.UnknownCounterReset
-	}
-	return hs
+func GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(n int, hint histogram.CounterResetHint) *histogram.Histogram {
+	h := GenerateTestHistogram(n)
+	h.CounterResetHint = hint
+	return h
 }
 
 // GenerateTestHistogram but it is up to the user to set any known counter reset hint.

From 02d9d874a2f02d09201f77c7d122b042a3da4ab9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Filip Petkovski <filip.petkovsky@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2024 14:53:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 066/180] Add more test cases

Signed-off-by: Filip Petkovski <filip.petkovsky@gmail.com>
---
 promql/histogram_stats_iterator_test.go | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/histogram_stats_iterator_test.go b/promql/histogram_stats_iterator_test.go
index d5c081348..7a2953d3e 100644
--- a/promql/histogram_stats_iterator_test.go
+++ b/promql/histogram_stats_iterator_test.go
@@ -63,6 +63,39 @@ func TestHistogramStatsDecoding(t *testing.T) {
 				histogram.NotCounterReset,
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "unknown counter reset at the beginning",
+			histograms: []*histogram.Histogram{
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(1, histogram.UnknownCounterReset),
+			},
+			expectedHints: []histogram.CounterResetHint{
+				histogram.NotCounterReset,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "detect real counter reset",
+			histograms: []*histogram.Histogram{
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(2, histogram.UnknownCounterReset),
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(1, histogram.UnknownCounterReset),
+			},
+			expectedHints: []histogram.CounterResetHint{
+				histogram.NotCounterReset,
+				histogram.CounterReset,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "detect real counter reset after stale NaN",
+			histograms: []*histogram.Histogram{
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(2, histogram.UnknownCounterReset),
+				{Sum: math.Float64frombits(value.StaleNaN)},
+				tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogramWithHint(1, histogram.UnknownCounterReset),
+			},
+			expectedHints: []histogram.CounterResetHint{
+				histogram.NotCounterReset,
+				histogram.UnknownCounterReset,
+				histogram.CounterReset,
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range cases {

From 8f9751b00ddef4b06aa91b7213442726076c193f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Filip Petkovski <filip.petkovsky@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2024 11:17:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 067/180] Use CopyTo when resetting histogram in stats iterator

The histogram stats iterator does not fully clear the histogram object
and is not resilient to new fields being added to the histogram type.

To resolve the issue, the commit uses the CopyTo methods which should
be future proof to new fields being added.

Signed-off-by: Filip Petkovski <filip.petkovsky@gmail.com>
---
 promql/histogram_stats_iterator.go | 20 ++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/histogram_stats_iterator.go b/promql/histogram_stats_iterator.go
index dfafea5f8..c1b7746ec 100644
--- a/promql/histogram_stats_iterator.go
+++ b/promql/histogram_stats_iterator.go
@@ -63,9 +63,13 @@ func (f *histogramStatsIterator) AtHistogram(h *histogram.Histogram) (int64, *hi
 		return t, h
 	}
 
-	h.CounterResetHint = f.getResetHint(f.currentH)
-	h.Count = f.currentH.Count
-	h.Sum = f.currentH.Sum
+	returnValue := histogram.Histogram{
+		CounterResetHint: f.getResetHint(f.currentH),
+		Count:            f.currentH.Count,
+		Sum:              f.currentH.Sum,
+	}
+	returnValue.CopyTo(h)
+
 	f.setLastH(f.currentH)
 	return t, h
 }
@@ -91,9 +95,13 @@ func (f *histogramStatsIterator) AtFloatHistogram(fh *histogram.FloatHistogram)
 		return t, fh
 	}
 
-	fh.CounterResetHint = f.getFloatResetHint(f.currentFH.CounterResetHint)
-	fh.Count = f.currentFH.Count
-	fh.Sum = f.currentFH.Sum
+	returnValue := histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		CounterResetHint: f.getFloatResetHint(f.currentFH.CounterResetHint),
+		Count:            f.currentFH.Count,
+		Sum:              f.currentFH.Sum,
+	}
+	returnValue.CopyTo(fh)
+
 	f.setLastFH(f.currentFH)
 	return t, fh
 }

From 909785b97fd4b48317739377283c699d81ffe5e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 07:46:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 068/180] Fix histogram pool poisoning bu chunkenc.Iterator
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

chunkenc.Iterator.AtFloatHistogram may do a shallow copy if
it receives nil as input pointer. This can in turn share the
span slice with multiple histograms in the matrixSelectorHPool,
leading to unexpected errors.

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine.go | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 25e67db63..621c2116e 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2356,6 +2356,11 @@ loop:
 		} else {
 			histograms = append(histograms, HPoint{H: &histogram.FloatHistogram{}})
 		}
+		if histograms[n].H == nil {
+			// Initialize to non zero to AtFloatHistogram does a copy for sure.
+			// Not an issue in the loop above since that uses an intermediate buffer.
+			histograms[n].H = &histogram.FloatHistogram{}
+		}
 		histograms[n].T, histograms[n].H = it.AtFloatHistogram(histograms[n].H)
 		if value.IsStaleNaN(histograms[n].H.Sum) {
 			histograms = histograms[:n]

From 1fb0ff7e4516d5993e84c2bee0f4e303b7f0c8c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 20:48:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 069/180] Add unit test
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine_test.go | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/engine_test.go b/promql/engine_test.go
index 523c0613d..9ed3dd939 100644
--- a/promql/engine_test.go
+++ b/promql/engine_test.go
@@ -3798,3 +3798,62 @@ func makeInt64Pointer(val int64) *int64 {
 	*valp = val
 	return valp
 }
+
+func TestHistogramCopyFromIteratorRegression(t *testing.T) {
+	// Loading the following histograms creates two chunks because there's a
+	// counter reset. Not only the counter is lower in the last histogram
+	// but also there's missing buckets.
+	// This in turns means that chunk iterators will have different spans.
+	load := `load 1m
+histogram {{sum:4 count:4 buckets:[2 2]}} {{sum:6 count:6 buckets:[3 3]}} {{sum:1 count:1 buckets:[1]}}
+`
+	storage := promqltest.LoadedStorage(t, load)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { storage.Close() })
+	engine := promqltest.NewTestEngine(false, 0, promqltest.DefaultMaxSamplesPerQuery)
+
+	verify := func(t *testing.T, qry promql.Query, expected []histogram.FloatHistogram) {
+		res := qry.Exec(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, res.Err)
+
+		m, ok := res.Value.(promql.Matrix)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+
+		require.Len(t, m, 1)
+		series := m[0]
+
+		require.Empty(t, series.Floats)
+		require.Len(t, series.Histograms, len(expected))
+		for i, e := range expected {
+			series.Histograms[i].H.CounterResetHint = histogram.UnknownCounterReset // Don't care.
+			require.Equal(t, &e, series.Histograms[i].H)
+		}
+	}
+
+	qry, err := engine.NewRangeQuery(context.Background(), storage, nil, "increase(histogram[60s])", time.Unix(0, 0), time.Unix(0, 0).Add(1*time.Minute), time.Minute)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	verify(t, qry, []histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		{
+			Count:           2,
+			Sum:             2,                                        // Increase from 4 to 6 is 2.
+			PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Offset: 0, Length: 2}}, // Two buckets changed between the first and second histogram.
+			PositiveBuckets: []float64{1, 1},                          // Increase from 2 to 3 is 1 in both buckets.
+		},
+	})
+
+	qry, err = engine.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), storage, nil, "histogram[60s]", time.Unix(0, 0).Add(2*time.Minute))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	verify(t, qry, []histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		{
+			Count:           6,
+			Sum:             6,
+			PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Offset: 0, Length: 2}},
+			PositiveBuckets: []float64{3, 3},
+		},
+		{
+			Count:           1,
+			Sum:             1,
+			PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Offset: 0, Length: 1}},
+			PositiveBuckets: []float64{1},
+		},
+	})
+}

From 1d7fe4be5c581265a5c102f3a4fbdc26af3fd357 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: George Krajcsovits <krajorama@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2024 20:15:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 070/180] Update promql/engine.go

Signed-off-by: George Krajcsovits <krajorama@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 promql/engine.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 621c2116e..f6b79f3a4 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2357,7 +2357,7 @@ loop:
 			histograms = append(histograms, HPoint{H: &histogram.FloatHistogram{}})
 		}
 		if histograms[n].H == nil {
-			// Initialize to non zero to AtFloatHistogram does a copy for sure.
+			// Make sure to pass non zero H to AtFloatHistogram so that it does a deep-copy.
 			// Not an issue in the loop above since that uses an intermediate buffer.
 			histograms[n].H = &histogram.FloatHistogram{}
 		}

From b7a58dcf3d2347ade21ce946007efb0bcb5e22a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Ye <benye@amazon.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 03:09:39 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 071/180] Add hidden flag to disable overlapping compaction
 (#14581)

TSDB: add hidden flag to disable overlapping compaction

Signed-off-by: Ben Ye <benye@amazon.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Ben Ye <benye@amazon.com>
---
 cmd/prometheus/main.go | 6 +++++-
 tsdb/db.go             | 1 -
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/prometheus/main.go b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
index d7333b657..51320c661 100644
--- a/cmd/prometheus/main.go
+++ b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
@@ -384,6 +384,9 @@ func main() {
 	serverOnlyFlag(a, "storage.tsdb.allow-overlapping-blocks", "[DEPRECATED] This flag has no effect. Overlapping blocks are enabled by default now.").
 		Default("true").Hidden().BoolVar(&b)
 
+	serverOnlyFlag(a, "storage.tsdb.allow-overlapping-compaction", "Allow compaction of overlapping blocks. If set to false, TSDB stops vertical compaction and leaves overlapping blocks there. The use case is to let another component handle the compaction of overlapping blocks.").
+		Default("true").Hidden().BoolVar(&cfg.tsdb.EnableOverlappingCompaction)
+
 	serverOnlyFlag(a, "storage.tsdb.wal-compression", "Compress the tsdb WAL.").
 		Hidden().Default("true").BoolVar(&cfg.tsdb.WALCompression)
 
@@ -1719,6 +1722,7 @@ type tsdbOptions struct {
 	EnableMemorySnapshotOnShutdown bool
 	EnableNativeHistograms         bool
 	EnableDelayedCompaction        bool
+	EnableOverlappingCompaction    bool
 }
 
 func (opts tsdbOptions) ToTSDBOptions() tsdb.Options {
@@ -1739,8 +1743,8 @@ func (opts tsdbOptions) ToTSDBOptions() tsdb.Options {
 		EnableMemorySnapshotOnShutdown: opts.EnableMemorySnapshotOnShutdown,
 		EnableNativeHistograms:         opts.EnableNativeHistograms,
 		OutOfOrderTimeWindow:           opts.OutOfOrderTimeWindow,
-		EnableOverlappingCompaction:    true,
 		EnableDelayedCompaction:        opts.EnableDelayedCompaction,
+		EnableOverlappingCompaction:    opts.EnableOverlappingCompaction,
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/tsdb/db.go b/tsdb/db.go
index 3c73c892a..1c430c211 100644
--- a/tsdb/db.go
+++ b/tsdb/db.go
@@ -187,7 +187,6 @@ type Options struct {
 	// The reason why this flag exists is because there are various users of the TSDB
 	// that do not want vertical compaction happening on ingest time. Instead,
 	// they'd rather keep overlapping blocks and let another component do the overlapping compaction later.
-	// For Prometheus, this will always be true.
 	EnableOverlappingCompaction bool
 
 	// EnableSharding enables query sharding support in TSDB.

From 02c465bf58fe4b0270db9d5b3f5a15a2ffee7ba6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Manik Rana <Manikrana54@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 17:05:35 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 072/180] textparse: Implement `CreatedTimestamp()` in
 `openmetricsparse.go` (#14356)

* feat: initial implement of createedTimestamp() with tests

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* feat: return ct after finding it

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: remove unneeded test

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: add comments

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* feat: multiple changes

- implement changes from pair programming session
- use newParse.val()
- advance parser p if ct is found

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: check if err from p.Next()

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* feat: advance parser and parse histograms + summary

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: restore previous tests

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: retore failing tests

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: remove unneeded comments

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: return nil when mtype doesn't match

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: update go fmt version

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: cleanup

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: comments

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* feat: document deepcopyparser

Co-authored-by: Arthur Silva Sens <arthursens2005@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <Manikrana54@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: lint

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: cover edgecase of `gauge_created` in CreatedTimestamp()

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* refac: readability updates

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* refac: dedeuplicate labeldiff checks

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* tests: add tests for new label functions

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* feat: document CreatedTimestamp func

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* refac: optimize `CreatedTimestamp()`

 - Use refactored CreatedTimestamp function with bug fixes
 - Remove unused code in labels.go
 - Improve code documentation

 Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: add tests and lint fixes

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: remove mName

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: lint

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: comments

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* tests: add tests for CT parse failures and deepCopy

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* refac: edit expectCT struct

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: lint

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: add new label in deepCopy

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: use p.builder in deepCopy

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: add NewMetricsParserWithOpts

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: lint

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: comments

Co-authored-by: Arthur Silva Sens <arthursens2005@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <Manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: comments

Co-authored-by: Arthur Silva Sens <arthursens2005@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <Manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: rename var

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: add condition for OM fuzzing

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: build tags

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* refac: default skipCT to false

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* refac: rename skipCT to skipCTSeries

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: formatting

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: comments and readability updates

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: comments

Co-authored-by: Bartlomiej Plotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <Manikrana54@gmail.com>

* refac: remove NewOpenMetricsParserWithOpts

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: lint

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* refac: extract skipCTSeries logic from parseMetricSuffix

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* refac: inline create a NewOpenMetricsParser

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: comments

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: comments

Co-authored-by: Bartlomiej Plotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <Manikrana54@gmail.com>

* refac: improve error handling

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: return error instead of nil

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* fix: remove skipCT check from tBraceOpen

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* Pair programming with Manik, Arthur and Daniel.

Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

* chore: comments and use helper funcs

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

* chore: lint

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <Manikrana54@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Arthur Silva Sens <arthursens2005@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bartlomiej Plotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>
---
 model/textparse/openmetricsparse.go      | 179 ++++++++++--
 model/textparse/openmetricsparse_test.go | 330 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 model/textparse/promparse_test.go        |  25 +-
 promql/fuzz.go                           |   4 +
 4 files changed, 503 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/model/textparse/openmetricsparse.go b/model/textparse/openmetricsparse.go
index b7ad1dd85..5f0415d3e 100644
--- a/model/textparse/openmetricsparse.go
+++ b/model/textparse/openmetricsparse.go
@@ -94,16 +94,46 @@ type OpenMetricsParser struct {
 	exemplarVal   float64
 	exemplarTs    int64
 	hasExemplarTs bool
+
+	skipCTSeries bool
 }
 
-// NewOpenMetricsParser returns a new parser of the byte slice.
-func NewOpenMetricsParser(b []byte, st *labels.SymbolTable) Parser {
-	return &OpenMetricsParser{
-		l:       &openMetricsLexer{b: b},
-		builder: labels.NewScratchBuilderWithSymbolTable(st, 16),
+type openMetricsParserOptions struct {
+	SkipCTSeries bool
+}
+
+type OpenMetricsOption func(*openMetricsParserOptions)
+
+// WithOMParserCTSeriesSkipped turns off exposing _created lines
+// as series, which makes those only used for parsing created timestamp
+// for `CreatedTimestamp` method purposes.
+//
+// It's recommended to use this option to avoid using _created lines for other
+// purposes than created timestamp, but leave false by default for the
+// best-effort compatibility.
+func WithOMParserCTSeriesSkipped() OpenMetricsOption {
+	return func(o *openMetricsParserOptions) {
+		o.SkipCTSeries = true
 	}
 }
 
+// NewOpenMetricsParser returns a new parser for the byte slice with option to skip CT series parsing.
+func NewOpenMetricsParser(b []byte, st *labels.SymbolTable, opts ...OpenMetricsOption) Parser {
+	options := &openMetricsParserOptions{}
+
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(options)
+	}
+
+	parser := &OpenMetricsParser{
+		l:            &openMetricsLexer{b: b},
+		builder:      labels.NewScratchBuilderWithSymbolTable(st, 16),
+		skipCTSeries: options.SkipCTSeries,
+	}
+
+	return parser
+}
+
 // Series returns the bytes of the series, the timestamp if set, and the value
 // of the current sample.
 func (p *OpenMetricsParser) Series() ([]byte, *int64, float64) {
@@ -219,10 +249,90 @@ func (p *OpenMetricsParser) Exemplar(e *exemplar.Exemplar) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// CreatedTimestamp returns nil as it's not implemented yet.
-// TODO(bwplotka): https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/12980
+// CreatedTimestamp returns the created timestamp for a current Metric if exists or nil.
+// NOTE(Maniktherana): Might use additional CPU/mem resources due to deep copy of parser required for peeking given 1.0 OM specification on _created series.
 func (p *OpenMetricsParser) CreatedTimestamp() *int64 {
-	return nil
+	if !TypeRequiresCT(p.mtype) {
+		// Not a CT supported metric type, fast path.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var (
+		currLset                labels.Labels
+		buf                     []byte
+		peekWithoutNameLsetHash uint64
+	)
+	p.Metric(&currLset)
+	currFamilyLsetHash, buf := currLset.HashWithoutLabels(buf, labels.MetricName, "le", "quantile")
+	// Search for the _created line for the currFamilyLsetHash using ephemeral parser until
+	// we see EOF or new metric family. We have to do it as we don't know where (and if)
+	// that CT line is.
+	// TODO(bwplotka): Make sure OM 1.1/2.0 pass CT via metadata or exemplar-like to avoid this.
+	peek := deepCopy(p)
+	for {
+		eType, err := peek.Next()
+		if err != nil {
+			// This means peek will give error too later on, so def no CT line found.
+			// This might result in partial scrape with wrong/missing CT, but only
+			// spec improvement would help.
+			// TODO(bwplotka): Make sure OM 1.1/2.0 pass CT via metadata or exemplar-like to avoid this.
+			return nil
+		}
+		if eType != EntrySeries {
+			// Assume we hit different family, no CT line found.
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		var peekedLset labels.Labels
+		peek.Metric(&peekedLset)
+		peekedName := peekedLset.Get(model.MetricNameLabel)
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(peekedName, "_created") {
+			// Not a CT line, search more.
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// We got a CT line here, but let's search if CT line is actually for our series, edge case.
+		peekWithoutNameLsetHash, _ = peekedLset.HashWithoutLabels(buf, labels.MetricName, "le", "quantile")
+		if peekWithoutNameLsetHash != currFamilyLsetHash {
+			// CT line for a different series, for our series no CT.
+			return nil
+		}
+		ct := int64(peek.val)
+		return &ct
+	}
+}
+
+// TypeRequiresCT returns true if the metric type requires a _created timestamp.
+func TypeRequiresCT(t model.MetricType) bool {
+	switch t {
+	case model.MetricTypeCounter, model.MetricTypeSummary, model.MetricTypeHistogram:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// deepCopy creates a copy of a parser without re-using the slices' original memory addresses.
+func deepCopy(p *OpenMetricsParser) OpenMetricsParser {
+	newB := make([]byte, len(p.l.b))
+	copy(newB, p.l.b)
+
+	newLexer := &openMetricsLexer{
+		b:     newB,
+		i:     p.l.i,
+		start: p.l.start,
+		err:   p.l.err,
+		state: p.l.state,
+	}
+
+	newParser := OpenMetricsParser{
+		l:            newLexer,
+		builder:      p.builder,
+		mtype:        p.mtype,
+		val:          p.val,
+		skipCTSeries: false,
+	}
+	return newParser
 }
 
 // nextToken returns the next token from the openMetricsLexer.
@@ -337,7 +447,13 @@ func (p *OpenMetricsParser) Next() (Entry, error) {
 		}
 
 		p.series = p.l.b[p.start:p.l.i]
-		return p.parseMetricSuffix(p.nextToken())
+		if err := p.parseSeriesEndOfLine(p.nextToken()); err != nil {
+			return EntryInvalid, err
+		}
+		if p.skipCTSeries && p.isCreatedSeries() {
+			return p.Next()
+		}
+		return EntrySeries, nil
 	case tMName:
 		p.offsets = append(p.offsets, p.start, p.l.i)
 		p.series = p.l.b[p.start:p.l.i]
@@ -351,8 +467,14 @@ func (p *OpenMetricsParser) Next() (Entry, error) {
 			p.series = p.l.b[p.start:p.l.i]
 			t2 = p.nextToken()
 		}
-		return p.parseMetricSuffix(t2)
 
+		if err := p.parseSeriesEndOfLine(t2); err != nil {
+			return EntryInvalid, err
+		}
+		if p.skipCTSeries && p.isCreatedSeries() {
+			return p.Next()
+		}
+		return EntrySeries, nil
 	default:
 		err = p.parseError("expected a valid start token", t)
 	}
@@ -467,51 +589,64 @@ func (p *OpenMetricsParser) parseLVals(offsets []int, isExemplar bool) ([]int, e
 	}
 }
 
-// parseMetricSuffix parses the end of the line after the metric name and
-// labels. It starts parsing with the provided token.
-func (p *OpenMetricsParser) parseMetricSuffix(t token) (Entry, error) {
+// isCreatedSeries returns true if the current series is a _created series.
+func (p *OpenMetricsParser) isCreatedSeries() bool {
+	var newLbs labels.Labels
+	p.Metric(&newLbs)
+	name := newLbs.Get(model.MetricNameLabel)
+	if TypeRequiresCT(p.mtype) && strings.HasSuffix(name, "_created") {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// parseSeriesEndOfLine parses the series end of the line (value, optional
+// timestamp, commentary, etc.) after the metric name and labels.
+// It starts parsing with the provided token.
+func (p *OpenMetricsParser) parseSeriesEndOfLine(t token) error {
 	if p.offsets[0] == -1 {
-		return EntryInvalid, fmt.Errorf("metric name not set while parsing: %q", p.l.b[p.start:p.l.i])
+		return fmt.Errorf("metric name not set while parsing: %q", p.l.b[p.start:p.l.i])
 	}
 
 	var err error
 	p.val, err = p.getFloatValue(t, "metric")
 	if err != nil {
-		return EntryInvalid, err
+		return err
 	}
 
 	p.hasTS = false
 	switch t2 := p.nextToken(); t2 {
 	case tEOF:
-		return EntryInvalid, errors.New("data does not end with # EOF")
+		return errors.New("data does not end with # EOF")
 	case tLinebreak:
 		break
 	case tComment:
 		if err := p.parseComment(); err != nil {
-			return EntryInvalid, err
+			return err
 		}
 	case tTimestamp:
 		p.hasTS = true
 		var ts float64
 		// A float is enough to hold what we need for millisecond resolution.
 		if ts, err = parseFloat(yoloString(p.l.buf()[1:])); err != nil {
-			return EntryInvalid, fmt.Errorf("%w while parsing: %q", err, p.l.b[p.start:p.l.i])
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w while parsing: %q", err, p.l.b[p.start:p.l.i])
 		}
 		if math.IsNaN(ts) || math.IsInf(ts, 0) {
-			return EntryInvalid, fmt.Errorf("invalid timestamp %f", ts)
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid timestamp %f", ts)
 		}
 		p.ts = int64(ts * 1000)
 		switch t3 := p.nextToken(); t3 {
 		case tLinebreak:
 		case tComment:
 			if err := p.parseComment(); err != nil {
-				return EntryInvalid, err
+				return err
 			}
 		default:
-			return EntryInvalid, p.parseError("expected next entry after timestamp", t3)
+			return p.parseError("expected next entry after timestamp", t3)
 		}
 	}
-	return EntrySeries, nil
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (p *OpenMetricsParser) getFloatValue(t token, after string) (float64, error) {
diff --git a/model/textparse/openmetricsparse_test.go b/model/textparse/openmetricsparse_test.go
index bc76a540d..cadaabc99 100644
--- a/model/textparse/openmetricsparse_test.go
+++ b/model/textparse/openmetricsparse_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package textparse
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 )
 
+func int64p(x int64) *int64 { return &x }
+
 func TestOpenMetricsParse(t *testing.T) {
 	input := `# HELP go_gc_duration_seconds A summary of the GC invocation durations.
 # TYPE go_gc_duration_seconds summary
@@ -63,15 +66,34 @@ ss{A="a"} 0
 _metric_starting_with_underscore 1
 testmetric{_label_starting_with_underscore="foo"} 1
 testmetric{label="\"bar\""} 1
+# HELP foo Counter with and without labels to certify CT is parsed for both cases
 # TYPE foo counter
-foo_total 17.0 1520879607.789 # {id="counter-test"} 5`
+foo_total 17.0 1520879607.789 # {id="counter-test"} 5
+foo_created 1000
+foo_total{a="b"} 17.0 1520879607.789 # {id="counter-test"} 5
+foo_created{a="b"} 1000
+# HELP bar Summary with CT at the end, making sure we find CT even if it's multiple lines a far
+# TYPE bar summary
+bar_count 17.0
+bar_sum 324789.3
+bar{quantile="0.95"} 123.7
+bar{quantile="0.99"} 150.0
+bar_created 1520430000
+# HELP baz Histogram with the same objective as above's summary
+# TYPE baz histogram
+baz_bucket{le="0.0"} 0
+baz_bucket{le="+Inf"} 17
+baz_count 17
+baz_sum 324789.3
+baz_created 1520430000
+# HELP fizz_created Gauge which shouldn't be parsed as CT
+# TYPE fizz_created gauge
+fizz_created 17.0`
 
 	input += "\n# HELP metric foo\x00bar"
 	input += "\nnull_byte_metric{a=\"abc\x00\"} 1"
 	input += "\n# EOF\n"
 
-	int64p := func(x int64) *int64 { return &x }
-
 	exp := []expectedParse{
 		{
 			m:    "go_gc_duration_seconds",
@@ -216,6 +238,9 @@ foo_total 17.0 1520879607.789 # {id="counter-test"} 5`
 			m:    "testmetric{label=\"\\\"bar\\\"\"}",
 			v:    1,
 			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "testmetric", "label", `"bar"`),
+		}, {
+			m:    "foo",
+			help: "Counter with and without labels to certify CT is parsed for both cases",
 		}, {
 			m:   "foo",
 			typ: model.MetricTypeCounter,
@@ -225,6 +250,76 @@ foo_total 17.0 1520879607.789 # {id="counter-test"} 5`
 			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "foo_total"),
 			t:    int64p(1520879607789),
 			e:    &exemplar.Exemplar{Labels: labels.FromStrings("id", "counter-test"), Value: 5},
+			ct:   int64p(1000),
+		}, {
+			m:    `foo_total{a="b"}`,
+			v:    17.0,
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "foo_total", "a", "b"),
+			t:    int64p(1520879607789),
+			e:    &exemplar.Exemplar{Labels: labels.FromStrings("id", "counter-test"), Value: 5},
+			ct:   int64p(1000),
+		}, {
+			m:    "bar",
+			help: "Summary with CT at the end, making sure we find CT even if it's multiple lines a far",
+		}, {
+			m:   "bar",
+			typ: model.MetricTypeSummary,
+		}, {
+			m:    "bar_count",
+			v:    17.0,
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "bar_count"),
+			ct:   int64p(1520430000),
+		}, {
+			m:    "bar_sum",
+			v:    324789.3,
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "bar_sum"),
+			ct:   int64p(1520430000),
+		}, {
+			m:    `bar{quantile="0.95"}`,
+			v:    123.7,
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "bar", "quantile", "0.95"),
+			ct:   int64p(1520430000),
+		}, {
+			m:    `bar{quantile="0.99"}`,
+			v:    150.0,
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "bar", "quantile", "0.99"),
+			ct:   int64p(1520430000),
+		}, {
+			m:    "baz",
+			help: "Histogram with the same objective as above's summary",
+		}, {
+			m:   "baz",
+			typ: model.MetricTypeHistogram,
+		}, {
+			m:    `baz_bucket{le="0.0"}`,
+			v:    0,
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "baz_bucket", "le", "0.0"),
+			ct:   int64p(1520430000),
+		}, {
+			m:    `baz_bucket{le="+Inf"}`,
+			v:    17,
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "baz_bucket", "le", "+Inf"),
+			ct:   int64p(1520430000),
+		}, {
+			m:    `baz_count`,
+			v:    17,
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "baz_count"),
+			ct:   int64p(1520430000),
+		}, {
+			m:    `baz_sum`,
+			v:    324789.3,
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "baz_sum"),
+			ct:   int64p(1520430000),
+		}, {
+			m:    "fizz_created",
+			help: "Gauge which shouldn't be parsed as CT",
+		}, {
+			m:   "fizz_created",
+			typ: model.MetricTypeGauge,
+		}, {
+			m:    `fizz_created`,
+			v:    17,
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "fizz_created"),
 		}, {
 			m:    "metric",
 			help: "foo\x00bar",
@@ -235,8 +330,8 @@ foo_total 17.0 1520879607.789 # {id="counter-test"} 5`
 		},
 	}
 
-	p := NewOpenMetricsParser([]byte(input), labels.NewSymbolTable())
-	checkParseResults(t, p, exp)
+	p := NewOpenMetricsParser([]byte(input), labels.NewSymbolTable(), WithOMParserCTSeriesSkipped())
+	checkParseResultsWithCT(t, p, exp, true)
 }
 
 func TestUTF8OpenMetricsParse(t *testing.T) {
@@ -251,6 +346,7 @@ func TestUTF8OpenMetricsParse(t *testing.T) {
 # UNIT "go.gc_duration_seconds" seconds
 {"go.gc_duration_seconds",quantile="0"} 4.9351e-05
 {"go.gc_duration_seconds",quantile="0.25"} 7.424100000000001e-05
+{"go.gc_duration_seconds_created"} 12313
 {"go.gc_duration_seconds",quantile="0.5",a="b"} 8.3835e-05
 {"http.status",q="0.9",a="b"} 8.3835e-05
 {"http.status",q="0.9",a="b"} 8.3835e-05
@@ -274,10 +370,12 @@ func TestUTF8OpenMetricsParse(t *testing.T) {
 			m:    `{"go.gc_duration_seconds",quantile="0"}`,
 			v:    4.9351e-05,
 			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "go.gc_duration_seconds", "quantile", "0"),
+			ct:   int64p(12313),
 		}, {
 			m:    `{"go.gc_duration_seconds",quantile="0.25"}`,
 			v:    7.424100000000001e-05,
 			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "go.gc_duration_seconds", "quantile", "0.25"),
+			ct:   int64p(12313),
 		}, {
 			m:    `{"go.gc_duration_seconds",quantile="0.5",a="b"}`,
 			v:    8.3835e-05,
@@ -306,8 +404,8 @@ choices}`, "strange©™\n'quoted' \"name\"", "6"),
 		},
 	}
 
-	p := NewOpenMetricsParser([]byte(input), labels.NewSymbolTable())
-	checkParseResults(t, p, exp)
+	p := NewOpenMetricsParser([]byte(input), labels.NewSymbolTable(), WithOMParserCTSeriesSkipped())
+	checkParseResultsWithCT(t, p, exp, true)
 }
 
 func TestOpenMetricsParseErrors(t *testing.T) {
@@ -598,10 +696,6 @@ func TestOpenMetricsParseErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			input: "# TYPE hhh histogram\nhhh_bucket{le=\"+Inf\"} 1 # {aa=\"bb\"} 4 -Inf",
 			err:   `invalid exemplar timestamp -Inf`,
 		},
-		{
-			input: "# TYPE hhh histogram\nhhh_bucket{le=\"+Inf\"} 1 # {aa=\"bb\"} 4 Inf",
-			err:   `invalid exemplar timestamp +Inf`,
-		},
 	}
 
 	for i, c := range cases {
@@ -684,3 +778,217 @@ func TestOMNullByteHandling(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, c.err, err.Error(), "test %d", i)
 	}
 }
+
+// While not desirable, there are cases were CT fails to parse and
+// these tests show them.
+// TODO(maniktherana): Make sure OM 1.1/2.0 pass CT via metadata or exemplar-like to avoid this.
+func TestCTParseFailures(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `# HELP something Histogram with _created between buckets and summary
+# TYPE something histogram
+something_count 17
+something_sum 324789.3
+something_created 1520430001
+something_bucket{le="0.0"} 0
+something_bucket{le="+Inf"} 17
+# HELP thing Histogram with _created as first line
+# TYPE thing histogram
+thing_created 1520430002
+thing_count 17
+thing_sum 324789.3
+thing_bucket{le="0.0"} 0
+thing_bucket{le="+Inf"} 17
+# HELP yum Summary with _created between sum and quantiles
+# TYPE yum summary
+yum_count 17.0
+yum_sum 324789.3
+yum_created 1520430003
+yum{quantile="0.95"} 123.7
+yum{quantile="0.99"} 150.0
+# HELP foobar Summary with _created as the first line
+# TYPE foobar summary
+foobar_created 1520430004
+foobar_count 17.0
+foobar_sum 324789.3
+foobar{quantile="0.95"} 123.7
+foobar{quantile="0.99"} 150.0`
+
+	input += "\n# EOF\n"
+
+	int64p := func(x int64) *int64 { return &x }
+
+	type expectCT struct {
+		m     string
+		ct    *int64
+		typ   model.MetricType
+		help  string
+		isErr bool
+	}
+
+	exp := []expectCT{
+		{
+			m:     "something",
+			help:  "Histogram with _created between buckets and summary",
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     "something",
+			typ:   model.MetricTypeHistogram,
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     `something_count`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430001),
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     `something_sum`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430001),
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     `something_bucket{le="0.0"}`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430001),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     `something_bucket{le="+Inf"}`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430001),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     "thing",
+			help:  "Histogram with _created as first line",
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     "thing",
+			typ:   model.MetricTypeHistogram,
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     `thing_count`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430002),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     `thing_sum`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430002),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     `thing_bucket{le="0.0"}`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430002),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     `thing_bucket{le="+Inf"}`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430002),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     "yum",
+			help:  "Summary with _created between summary and quantiles",
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     "yum",
+			typ:   model.MetricTypeSummary,
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     "yum_count",
+			ct:    int64p(1520430003),
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     "yum_sum",
+			ct:    int64p(1520430003),
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     `yum{quantile="0.95"}`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430003),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     `yum{quantile="0.99"}`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430003),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     "foobar",
+			help:  "Summary with _created as the first line",
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     "foobar",
+			typ:   model.MetricTypeSummary,
+			isErr: false,
+		}, {
+			m:     "foobar_count",
+			ct:    int64p(1520430004),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     "foobar_sum",
+			ct:    int64p(1520430004),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     `foobar{quantile="0.95"}`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430004),
+			isErr: true,
+		}, {
+			m:     `foobar{quantile="0.99"}`,
+			ct:    int64p(1520430004),
+			isErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	p := NewOpenMetricsParser([]byte(input), labels.NewSymbolTable(), WithOMParserCTSeriesSkipped())
+	i := 0
+
+	var res labels.Labels
+	for {
+		et, err := p.Next()
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			break
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		switch et {
+		case EntrySeries:
+			p.Metric(&res)
+
+			if ct := p.CreatedTimestamp(); exp[i].isErr {
+				require.Nil(t, ct)
+			} else {
+				require.Equal(t, *exp[i].ct, *ct)
+			}
+		default:
+			i++
+			continue
+		}
+		i++
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeepCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`# HELP go_goroutines A gauge goroutines.
+# TYPE go_goroutines gauge
+go_goroutines 33 123.123
+# TYPE go_gc_duration_seconds summary
+go_gc_duration_seconds
+go_gc_duration_seconds_created`)
+
+	st := labels.NewSymbolTable()
+	parser := NewOpenMetricsParser(input, st, WithOMParserCTSeriesSkipped()).(*OpenMetricsParser)
+
+	// Modify the original parser state
+	_, err := parser.Next()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "go_goroutines", string(parser.l.b[parser.offsets[0]:parser.offsets[1]]))
+	require.True(t, parser.skipCTSeries)
+
+	// Create a deep copy of the parser
+	copyParser := deepCopy(parser)
+	etype, err := copyParser.Next()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, EntryType, etype)
+	require.True(t, parser.skipCTSeries)
+	require.False(t, copyParser.skipCTSeries)
+
+	// Modify the original parser further
+	parser.Next()
+	parser.Next()
+	parser.Next()
+	require.Equal(t, "go_gc_duration_seconds", string(parser.l.b[parser.offsets[0]:parser.offsets[1]]))
+	require.Equal(t, "summary", string(parser.mtype))
+	require.False(t, copyParser.skipCTSeries)
+	require.True(t, parser.skipCTSeries)
+
+	// Ensure the copy remains unchanged
+	copyParser.Next()
+	copyParser.Next()
+	require.Equal(t, "go_gc_duration_seconds", string(copyParser.l.b[copyParser.offsets[0]:copyParser.offsets[1]]))
+	require.False(t, copyParser.skipCTSeries)
+}
diff --git a/model/textparse/promparse_test.go b/model/textparse/promparse_test.go
index 66986291d..7971d23b7 100644
--- a/model/textparse/promparse_test.go
+++ b/model/textparse/promparse_test.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/klauspost/compress/gzip"
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ type expectedParse struct {
 	unit    string
 	comment string
 	e       *exemplar.Exemplar
+	ct      *int64
 }
 
 func TestPromParse(t *testing.T) {
@@ -188,6 +190,10 @@ testmetric{label="\"bar\""} 1`
 }
 
 func checkParseResults(t *testing.T, p Parser, exp []expectedParse) {
+	checkParseResultsWithCT(t, p, exp, false)
+}
+
+func checkParseResultsWithCT(t *testing.T, p Parser, exp []expectedParse, ctLinesRemoved bool) {
 	i := 0
 
 	var res labels.Labels
@@ -205,6 +211,14 @@ func checkParseResults(t *testing.T, p Parser, exp []expectedParse) {
 
 			p.Metric(&res)
 
+			if ctLinesRemoved {
+				// Are CT series skipped?
+				_, typ := p.Type()
+				if TypeRequiresCT(typ) && strings.HasSuffix(res.Get(labels.MetricName), "_created") {
+					t.Fatalf("we exped created lines skipped")
+				}
+			}
+
 			require.Equal(t, exp[i].m, string(m))
 			require.Equal(t, exp[i].t, ts)
 			require.Equal(t, exp[i].v, v)
@@ -218,6 +232,11 @@ func checkParseResults(t *testing.T, p Parser, exp []expectedParse) {
 				require.True(t, found)
 				testutil.RequireEqual(t, *exp[i].e, e)
 			}
+			if ct := p.CreatedTimestamp(); ct != nil {
+				require.Equal(t, *exp[i].ct, *ct)
+			} else {
+				require.Nil(t, exp[i].ct)
+			}
 
 		case EntryType:
 			m, typ := p.Type()
@@ -475,8 +494,10 @@ const (
 
 func BenchmarkParse(b *testing.B) {
 	for parserName, parser := range map[string]func([]byte, *labels.SymbolTable) Parser{
-		"prometheus":  NewPromParser,
-		"openmetrics": NewOpenMetricsParser,
+		"prometheus": NewPromParser,
+		"openmetrics": func(b []byte, st *labels.SymbolTable) Parser {
+			return NewOpenMetricsParser(b, st)
+		},
 	} {
 		for _, fn := range []string{"promtestdata.txt", "promtestdata.nometa.txt"} {
 			f, err := os.Open(fn)
diff --git a/promql/fuzz.go b/promql/fuzz.go
index 3fd50b949..5f08e6a72 100644
--- a/promql/fuzz.go
+++ b/promql/fuzz.go
@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ func fuzzParseMetricWithContentType(in []byte, contentType string) int {
 		panic(warning)
 	}
 
+	if contentType == "application/openmetrics-text" {
+		p = textparse.NewOpenMetricsParser(in, symbolTable)
+	}
+
 	var err error
 	for {
 		_, err = p.Next()

From 2360ce8d2be00a7a7f237e812d88300751b5322f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 14:37:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 073/180] docs: Be more explicit about
 `promql-experimental-functions`

We have not mentioned that experimental PromQL functions might get
removed entirely, although that's one of the most important properties
of functions declared experimental.

Signed-off-by: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
---
 docs/feature_flags.md | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/feature_flags.md b/docs/feature_flags.md
index 3f92ab7fd..c9a3558fa 100644
--- a/docs/feature_flags.md
+++ b/docs/feature_flags.md
@@ -200,8 +200,9 @@ won't work when you push OTLP metrics.
 
 `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions`
 
-Enables PromQL functions that are considered experimental and whose name or
-semantics could change.
+Enables PromQL functions that are considered experimental. These functions
+might change their name, syntax, or semantics. They might also get removed
+entirely.
 
 ## Created Timestamps Zero Injection
 

From 1ea37816996ada0873c8d136c0033580e9a0301b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 15:05:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 074/180] Fix ToEncodedChunks minT for recoded chunks
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Discovered while working on #14546 OOO native histograms.
Not triggered on main before #14546 as the code path is unused.

There was a bug where the min time of a chunk was adjusted even
if it was only recoded and not completely new.

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 tsdb/head_append.go   |   2 +-
 tsdb/ooo_head.go      |  13 ++--
 tsdb/ooo_head_test.go | 143 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 149 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/head_append.go b/tsdb/head_append.go
index 8d66d1e81..0d4628eaf 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_append.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_append.go
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ func (s *memSeries) insert(t int64, v float64, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDisk
 		chunkCreated = true
 	}
 
-	ok := c.chunk.Insert(t, v)
+	ok := c.chunk.Insert(t, v, nil, nil)
 	if ok {
 		if chunkCreated || t < c.minTime {
 			c.minTime = t
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head.go b/tsdb/ooo_head.go
index b2556d62e..59477e5a5 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sort"
 
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/chunkenc"
 
 	"github.com/oklog/ulid"
@@ -39,13 +40,13 @@ func NewOOOChunk() *OOOChunk {
 
 // Insert inserts the sample such that order is maintained.
 // Returns false if insert was not possible due to the same timestamp already existing.
-func (o *OOOChunk) Insert(t int64, v float64) bool {
+func (o *OOOChunk) Insert(t int64, v float64, h *histogram.Histogram, fh *histogram.FloatHistogram) bool {
 	// Although out-of-order samples can be out-of-order amongst themselves, we
 	// are opinionated and expect them to be usually in-order meaning we could
 	// try to append at the end first if the new timestamp is higher than the
 	// last known timestamp.
 	if len(o.samples) == 0 || t > o.samples[len(o.samples)-1].t {
-		o.samples = append(o.samples, sample{t, v, nil, nil})
+		o.samples = append(o.samples, sample{t, v, h, fh})
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ func (o *OOOChunk) Insert(t int64, v float64) bool {
 
 	if i >= len(o.samples) {
 		// none found. append it at the end
-		o.samples = append(o.samples, sample{t, v, nil, nil})
+		o.samples = append(o.samples, sample{t, v, h, fh})
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ func (o *OOOChunk) Insert(t int64, v float64) bool {
 	// Expand length by 1 to make room. use a zero sample, we will overwrite it anyway.
 	o.samples = append(o.samples, sample{})
 	copy(o.samples[i+1:], o.samples[i:])
-	o.samples[i] = sample{t, v, nil, nil}
+	o.samples[i] = sample{t, v, h, fh}
 
 	return true
 }
@@ -142,9 +143,9 @@ func (o *OOOChunk) ToEncodedChunks(mint, maxt int64) (chks []memChunk, err error
 			if newChunk != nil { // A new chunk was allocated.
 				if !recoded {
 					chks = append(chks, memChunk{chunk, cmint, cmaxt, nil})
+					cmint = s.t
 				}
 				chunk = newChunk
-				cmint = s.t
 			}
 		case chunkenc.EncFloatHistogram:
 			// Ignoring ok is ok, since we don't want to compare to the wrong previous appender anyway.
@@ -157,9 +158,9 @@ func (o *OOOChunk) ToEncodedChunks(mint, maxt int64) (chks []memChunk, err error
 			if newChunk != nil { // A new chunk was allocated.
 				if !recoded {
 					chks = append(chks, memChunk{chunk, cmint, cmaxt, nil})
+					cmint = s.t
 				}
 				chunk = newChunk
-				cmint = s.t
 			}
 		}
 		cmaxt = s.t
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_test.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_test.go
index 27ff4048b..d3cd5f601 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_test.go
@@ -14,8 +14,14 @@
 package tsdb
 
 import (
+	"math"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/chunkenc"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/tsdbutil"
+
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
@@ -52,7 +58,7 @@ func TestOOOInsert(t *testing.T) {
 			chunk := NewOOOChunk()
 			chunk.samples = makeEvenSampleSlice(numPreExisting)
 			newSample := samplify(valOdd(insertPos))
-			chunk.Insert(newSample.t, newSample.f)
+			chunk.Insert(newSample.t, newSample.f, nil, nil)
 
 			var expSamples []sample
 			// Our expected new samples slice, will be first the original samples.
@@ -83,7 +89,7 @@ func TestOOOInsertDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 			dupSample := chunk.samples[dupPos]
 			dupSample.f = 0.123
 
-			ok := chunk.Insert(dupSample.t, dupSample.f)
+			ok := chunk.Insert(dupSample.t, dupSample.f, nil, nil)
 
 			expSamples := makeEvenSampleSlice(num) // We expect no change.
 			require.False(t, ok)
@@ -91,3 +97,136 @@ func TestOOOInsertDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+type chunkVerify struct {
+	encoding chunkenc.Encoding
+	minTime  int64
+	maxTime  int64
+}
+
+func TestOOOChunks_ToEncodedChunks(t *testing.T) {
+	h1 := tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogram(1)
+	// Make h2 appendable but with more buckets, to trigger recoding.
+	h2 := h1.Copy()
+	h2.PositiveSpans = append(h2.PositiveSpans, histogram.Span{Offset: 1, Length: 1})
+	h2.PositiveBuckets = append(h2.PositiveBuckets, 12)
+
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		samples               []sample
+		expectedCounterResets []histogram.CounterResetHint
+		expectedChunks        []chunkVerify
+	}{
+		"empty": {
+			samples: []sample{},
+		},
+		"has floats": {
+			samples: []sample{
+				{t: 1000, f: 43.0},
+				{t: 1100, f: 42.0},
+			},
+			expectedCounterResets: []histogram.CounterResetHint{histogram.UnknownCounterReset, histogram.UnknownCounterReset},
+			expectedChunks: []chunkVerify{
+				{encoding: chunkenc.EncXOR, minTime: 1000, maxTime: 1100},
+			},
+		},
+		"mix of floats and histograms": {
+			samples: []sample{
+				{t: 1000, f: 43.0},
+				{t: 1100, h: h1},
+				{t: 1200, f: 42.0},
+			},
+			expectedCounterResets: []histogram.CounterResetHint{histogram.UnknownCounterReset, histogram.UnknownCounterReset, histogram.UnknownCounterReset},
+			expectedChunks: []chunkVerify{
+				{encoding: chunkenc.EncXOR, minTime: 1000, maxTime: 1000},
+				{encoding: chunkenc.EncHistogram, minTime: 1100, maxTime: 1100},
+				{encoding: chunkenc.EncXOR, minTime: 1200, maxTime: 1200},
+			},
+		},
+		"has a counter reset": {
+			samples: []sample{
+				{t: 1000, h: h2},
+				{t: 1100, h: h1},
+			},
+			expectedCounterResets: []histogram.CounterResetHint{histogram.UnknownCounterReset, histogram.CounterReset},
+			expectedChunks: []chunkVerify{
+				{encoding: chunkenc.EncHistogram, minTime: 1000, maxTime: 1000},
+				{encoding: chunkenc.EncHistogram, minTime: 1100, maxTime: 1100},
+			},
+		},
+		"has a recoded histogram": { // Regression test for wrong minT, maxT in histogram recoding.
+			samples: []sample{
+				{t: 0, h: h1},
+				{t: 1, h: h2},
+			},
+			expectedCounterResets: []histogram.CounterResetHint{histogram.UnknownCounterReset, histogram.NotCounterReset},
+			expectedChunks: []chunkVerify{
+				{encoding: chunkenc.EncHistogram, minTime: 0, maxTime: 1},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Sanity check.
+			require.Equal(t, len(tc.samples), len(tc.expectedCounterResets), "number of samples and counter resets")
+
+			oooChunk := OOOChunk{}
+			for _, s := range tc.samples {
+				switch s.Type() {
+				case chunkenc.ValFloat:
+					oooChunk.Insert(s.t, s.f, nil, nil)
+				case chunkenc.ValHistogram:
+					oooChunk.Insert(s.t, 0, s.h.Copy(), nil)
+				case chunkenc.ValFloatHistogram:
+					oooChunk.Insert(s.t, 0, nil, s.fh.Copy())
+				default:
+					t.Fatalf("unexpected sample type %d", s.Type())
+				}
+			}
+
+			chunks, err := oooChunk.ToEncodedChunks(math.MinInt64, math.MaxInt64)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, len(tc.expectedChunks), len(chunks), "number of chunks")
+			sampleIndex := 0
+			for i, c := range chunks {
+				require.Equal(t, tc.expectedChunks[i].encoding, c.chunk.Encoding(), "chunk %d encoding", i)
+				require.Equal(t, tc.expectedChunks[i].minTime, c.minTime, "chunk %d minTime", i)
+				require.Equal(t, tc.expectedChunks[i].maxTime, c.maxTime, "chunk %d maxTime", i)
+				samples, err := storage.ExpandSamples(c.chunk.Iterator(nil), newSample)
+				require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(tc.samples)-sampleIndex, len(samples), "too many samples in chunk %d expected less than %d", i, len(tc.samples)-sampleIndex)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				if len(samples) == 0 {
+					// Ignore empty chunks.
+					continue
+				}
+				switch c.chunk.Encoding() {
+				case chunkenc.EncXOR:
+					for j, s := range samples {
+						require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloat, s.Type())
+						// XOR chunks don't have counter reset hints, so we shouldn't expect anything else than UnknownCounterReset.
+						require.Equal(t, histogram.UnknownCounterReset, tc.expectedCounterResets[sampleIndex+j], "sample reset hint %d", sampleIndex+j)
+						require.Equal(t, tc.samples[sampleIndex+j].f, s.F(), "sample %d", sampleIndex+j)
+					}
+				case chunkenc.EncHistogram:
+					for j, s := range samples {
+						require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValHistogram, s.Type())
+						require.Equal(t, tc.expectedCounterResets[sampleIndex+j], s.H().CounterResetHint, "sample reset hint %d", sampleIndex+j)
+						compareTo := tc.samples[sampleIndex+j].h.Copy()
+						compareTo.CounterResetHint = tc.expectedCounterResets[sampleIndex+j]
+						require.Equal(t, compareTo, s.H().Compact(0), "sample %d", sampleIndex+j)
+					}
+				case chunkenc.EncFloatHistogram:
+					for j, s := range samples {
+						require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloatHistogram, s.Type())
+						require.Equal(t, tc.expectedCounterResets[sampleIndex+j], s.FH().CounterResetHint, "sample reset hint %d", sampleIndex+j)
+						compareTo := tc.samples[sampleIndex+j].fh.Copy()
+						compareTo.CounterResetHint = tc.expectedCounterResets[sampleIndex+j]
+						require.Equal(t, compareTo, s.FH().Compact(0), "sample %d", sampleIndex+j)
+					}
+				}
+				sampleIndex += len(samples)
+			}
+			require.Equal(t, len(tc.samples), sampleIndex, "number of samples")
+		})
+	}
+}

From 82bb35fabb609b9da87c6c15931917486ca8911a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 13:51:31 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 075/180] Address PR feedback: fix typo and rename variable

Signed-off-by: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/engine.go                              | 34 +++++++++----------
 .../testdata/native_histograms.test           |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 6f0c64d42..b20690a6d 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2781,12 +2781,12 @@ type groupedAggregation struct {
 	heap           vectorByValueHeap
 
 	// All bools together for better packing within the struct.
-	seen              bool // Was this output groups seen in the input at this timestamp.
-	hasFloat          bool // Has at least 1 float64 sample aggregated.
-	hasHistogram      bool // Has at least 1 histogram sample aggregated.
-	abandonHistogram  bool // If true, group has seen mixed exponential and custom buckets, or incompatible custom buckets.
-	groupAggrComplete bool // Used by LIMITK to short-cut series loop when we've reached K elem on every group.
-	incrementalMean   bool // True after reverting to incremental calculation of the mean value.
+	seen                   bool // Was this output groups seen in the input at this timestamp.
+	hasFloat               bool // Has at least 1 float64 sample aggregated.
+	hasHistogram           bool // Has at least 1 histogram sample aggregated.
+	incompatibleHistograms bool // If true, group has seen mixed exponential and custom buckets, or incompatible custom buckets.
+	groupAggrComplete      bool // Used by LIMITK to short-cut series loop when we've reached K elem on every group.
+	incrementalMean        bool // True after reverting to incremental calculation of the mean value.
 }
 
 // aggregation evaluates sum, avg, count, stdvar, stddev or quantile at one timestep on inputMatrix.
@@ -2810,11 +2810,11 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 		// Initialize this group if it's the first time we've seen it.
 		if !group.seen {
 			*group = groupedAggregation{
-				seen:             true,
-				floatValue:       f,
-				floatMean:        f,
-				abandonHistogram: false,
-				groupCount:       1,
+				seen:                   true,
+				floatValue:             f,
+				floatMean:              f,
+				incompatibleHistograms: false,
+				groupCount:             1,
 			}
 			switch op {
 			case parser.AVG, parser.SUM:
@@ -2835,7 +2835,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if group.abandonHistogram {
+		if group.incompatibleHistograms {
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -2847,7 +2847,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 					_, err := group.histogramValue.Add(h)
 					if err != nil {
 						handleAggregationError(err, e, inputMatrix[si].Metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel), &annos)
-						group.abandonHistogram = true
+						group.incompatibleHistograms = true
 					}
 				}
 				// Otherwise the aggregation contained floats
@@ -2868,13 +2868,13 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 					toAdd, err := left.Sub(right)
 					if err != nil {
 						handleAggregationError(err, e, inputMatrix[si].Metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel), &annos)
-						group.abandonHistogram = true
+						group.incompatibleHistograms = true
 						continue
 					}
 					_, err = group.histogramValue.Add(toAdd)
 					if err != nil {
 						handleAggregationError(err, e, inputMatrix[si].Metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel), &annos)
-						group.abandonHistogram = true
+						group.incompatibleHistograms = true
 						continue
 					}
 				}
@@ -2972,7 +2972,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 				continue
 			}
 			switch {
-			case aggr.abandonHistogram:
+			case aggr.incompatibleHistograms:
 				continue
 			case aggr.hasHistogram:
 				aggr.histogramValue = aggr.histogramValue.Compact(0)
@@ -3001,7 +3001,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 				continue
 			}
 			switch {
-			case aggr.abandonHistogram:
+			case aggr.incompatibleHistograms:
 				continue
 			case aggr.hasHistogram:
 				aggr.histogramValue.Compact(0)
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index 62fac87c1..09b02f641 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ load 6m
 
 # T=0: only exponential
 # T=6: only custom
-# T=12: mixed, should be ignored and emit an warning
+# T=12: mixed, should be ignored and emit a warning
 eval_warn range from 0 to 12m step 6m sum(metric)
   {} {{sum:7 count:5 buckets:[2 3 2]}} {{schema:-53 sum:16 count:3 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1 2]}} _
 

From 5cfdde327c2176da01b7f418d3521e5682231340 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 13:57:37 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 076/180] Address PR feedback: add extra test case

Signed-off-by: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
---
 .../testdata/native_histograms.test           | 21 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index 09b02f641..bb99afd47 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -795,3 +795,24 @@ eval_warn range from 0 to 12m step 6m sum(metric)
 
 eval_warn range from 0 to 12m step 6m avg(metric)
   {} _ {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}} _
+
+clear
+
+load 1m
+  metric{group="just-floats", series="1"} 2
+  metric{group="just-floats", series="2"} 3
+  metric{group="just-exponential-histograms", series="1"} {{sum:3 count:4 buckets:[1 2 1]}}
+  metric{group="just-exponential-histograms", series="2"} {{sum:2 count:3 buckets:[1 1 1]}}
+  metric{group="just-custom-histograms", series="1"} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[2] buckets:[1]}}
+  metric{group="just-custom-histograms", series="2"} {{schema:-53 sum:3 count:4 custom_values:[2] buckets:[7]}}
+  metric{group="floats-and-histograms", series="1"} 2
+  metric{group="floats-and-histograms", series="2"} {{sum:2 count:3 buckets:[1 1 1]}}
+  metric{group="exponential-and-custom-histograms", series="1"} {{sum:2 count:3 buckets:[1 1 1]}}
+  metric{group="exponential-and-custom-histograms", series="2"} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}}
+  metric{group="incompatible-custom-histograms", series="1"} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[5 10] buckets:[1]}}
+  metric{group="incompatible-custom-histograms", series="2"} {{schema:-53 sum:1 count:1 custom_values:[2] buckets:[1]}}
+
+eval_warn instant at 0 sum by (group) (metric)
+  {group="just-floats"} 5
+  {group="just-exponential-histograms"} {{sum:5 count:7 buckets:[2 3 2]}}
+  {group="just-custom-histograms"} {{schema:-53 sum:4 count:5 custom_values:[2] buckets:[8]}}

From 8978f3ef71fb8d92d9b430cd3a6591b6ca231c7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 12:07:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 077/180] Cut release 2.54.0

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 CHANGELOG.md                                 |  8 ++------
 VERSION                                      |  2 +-
 web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json |  4 ++--
 web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json      |  2 +-
 web/ui/package-lock.json                     | 14 +++++++-------
 web/ui/package.json                          |  2 +-
 web/ui/react-app/package.json                |  4 ++--
 7 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index e338d9c5c..885749504 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # Changelog
 
-## 2.54.0-rc.1 / 2024-08-05
-
-* [BUGFIX] TSDB: Exclude OOO chunks mapped after compaction starts (introduced by #14396). #14584
-
-## 2.54.0-rc.0 / 2024-07-19
+## 2.54.0 / 2024-08-09
 
 Release 2.54 brings a release candidate of a major new version of [Remote Write: 2.0](https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/remote_write_spec_2_0/).
 This is experimental at this time and may still change.
@@ -22,7 +18,7 @@ Remote-write v2 is enabled by default, but can be disabled via feature-flag `web
 * [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Optimise seek within index. #14393
 * [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Optimise deletion of stale series. #14307
 * [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Reduce locking to optimise adding and removing series. #13286,#14286
-* [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Small optimisation: streamline special handling for out-of-order data. #14396
+* [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Small optimisation: streamline special handling for out-of-order data. #14396,#14584
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Regexps: Optimize patterns with multiple prefixes. #13843,#14368
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Regexps: Optimize patterns containing multiple literal strings. #14173
 * [ENHANCEMENT] AWS SD: expose Primary IPv6 addresses as __meta_ec2_primary_ipv6_addresses. #14156
diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION
index 149ab4732..99aed793a 100644
--- a/VERSION
+++ b/VERSION
@@ -1 +1 @@
-2.54.0-rc.1
+2.54.0
diff --git a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
index 26823cdfd..6307f12f3 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql",
-  "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+  "version": "0.54.0",
   "description": "a CodeMirror mode for the PromQL language",
   "types": "dist/esm/index.d.ts",
   "module": "dist/esm/index.js",
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   },
   "homepage": "https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/README.md",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+    "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0",
     "lru-cache": "^7.18.3"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
index 774c95967..14d263241 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql",
-  "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+  "version": "0.54.0",
   "description": "lezer-based PromQL grammar",
   "main": "dist/index.cjs",
   "type": "module",
diff --git a/web/ui/package-lock.json b/web/ui/package-lock.json
index 3243fe6aa..0f5db9f6d 100644
--- a/web/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "prometheus-io",
-  "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+  "version": "0.54.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "prometheus-io",
-      "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+      "version": "0.54.0",
       "workspaces": [
         "react-app",
         "module/*"
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
     },
     "module/codemirror-promql": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql",
-      "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+      "version": "0.54.0",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+        "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0",
         "lru-cache": "^7.18.3"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
     },
     "module/lezer-promql": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql",
-      "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+      "version": "0.54.0",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "devDependencies": {
         "@lezer/generator": "^1.7.0",
@@ -19332,7 +19332,7 @@
     },
     "react-app": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/app",
-      "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+      "version": "0.54.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.17.0",
         "@codemirror/commands": "^6.6.0",
@@ -19350,7 +19350,7 @@
         "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
         "@nexucis/fuzzy": "^0.4.1",
         "@nexucis/kvsearch": "^0.8.1",
-        "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+        "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0",
         "bootstrap": "^4.6.2",
         "css.escape": "^1.5.1",
         "downshift": "^9.0.6",
diff --git a/web/ui/package.json b/web/ui/package.json
index fe1e77ef5..01dd71f34 100644
--- a/web/ui/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/package.json
@@ -28,5 +28,5 @@
     "ts-jest": "^29.2.2",
     "typescript": "^4.9.5"
   },
-  "version": "0.54.0-rc.1"
+  "version": "0.54.0"
 }
diff --git a/web/ui/react-app/package.json b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
index b65354730..01620531a 100644
--- a/web/ui/react-app/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/app",
-  "version": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+  "version": "0.54.0",
   "private": true,
   "dependencies": {
     "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.17.0",
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
     "@nexucis/fuzzy": "^0.4.1",
     "@nexucis/kvsearch": "^0.8.1",
-    "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0-rc.1",
+    "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0",
     "bootstrap": "^4.6.2",
     "css.escape": "^1.5.1",
     "downshift": "^9.0.6",

From 82f38d3e9a6b4eaa7a1ea804762c7da8ae44e930 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 14:53:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 078/180] fix(tsdb/db_test.go): close the corrupted chunk after
 creating it to satisfy Windows FS

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/db_test.go | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/db_test.go b/tsdb/db_test.go
index cf41e25f2..5943489ff 100644
--- a/tsdb/db_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/db_test.go
@@ -2690,8 +2690,9 @@ func TestDBReadOnly_Querier_NoAlteration(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, db.Close())
 
 		// Simulate a corrupted chunk: without a header.
-		_, err := os.Create(path.Join(mmappedChunksDir(db.dir), "000001"))
+		chunk, err := os.Create(path.Join(mmappedChunksDir(db.dir), "000001"))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, chunk.Close())
 
 		spinUpQuerierAndCheck(db.dir, t.TempDir(), 1)
 

From 7f0254da299c60f776ffa0c5b8d24d4419d88620 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Suraj Nath <9503187+electron0zero@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 22:50:30 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 079/180] chore: migrate stale check to use stale github action

Signed-off-by: Suraj Nath <9503187+electron0zero@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/stale.yml           | 56 -------------------------------------
 .github/workflows/stale.yml | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .github/stale.yml
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/stale.yml

diff --git a/.github/stale.yml b/.github/stale.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 66a72af53..000000000
--- a/.github/stale.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-# Configuration for probot-stale - https://github.com/probot/stale
-
-# Number of days of inactivity before an Issue or Pull Request becomes stale
-daysUntilStale: 60
-
-# Number of days of inactivity before an Issue or Pull Request with the stale label is closed.
-# Set to false to disable. If disabled, issues still need to be closed manually, but will remain marked as stale.
-daysUntilClose: false
-
-# Only issues or pull requests with all of these labels are check if stale. Defaults to `[]` (disabled)
-onlyLabels: []
-
-# Issues or Pull Requests with these labels will never be considered stale. Set to `[]` to disable
-exemptLabels:
-  - keepalive
-
-# Set to true to ignore issues in a project (defaults to false)
-exemptProjects: false
-
-# Set to true to ignore issues in a milestone (defaults to false)
-exemptMilestones: false
-
-# Set to true to ignore issues with an assignee (defaults to false)
-exemptAssignees: false
-
-# Label to use when marking as stale
-staleLabel: stale
-
-# Comment to post when marking as stale. Set to `false` to disable
-markComment: false
-
-# Comment to post when removing the stale label.
-# unmarkComment: >
-#   Your comment here.
-
-# Comment to post when closing a stale Issue or Pull Request.
-# closeComment: >
-#   Your comment here.
-
-# Limit the number of actions per hour, from 1-30. Default is 30
-limitPerRun: 30
-
-# Limit to only `issues` or `pulls`
-only: pulls
-
-# Optionally, specify configuration settings that are specific to just 'issues' or 'pulls':
-# pulls:
-#   daysUntilStale: 30
-#   markComment: >
-#     This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had
-#     recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you
-#     for your contributions.
-
-# issues:
-#   exemptLabels:
-#     - confirmed
diff --git a/.github/workflows/stale.yml b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f81764448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+name: Stale Check
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: {}
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: write
+jobs:
+  stale:
+    # only run on repos in prometheus org, and skip this workflow in forks.
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'prometheus'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/stale@v9
+        with:
+          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          # opt out of defaults to avoid marking issues as stale and closing them
+          # https://github.com/actions/stale#days-before-close
+          # https://github.com/actions/stale#days-before-stale
+          days-before-stale: -1
+          days-before-close: -1
+          # Setting it to empty string to skip comments.
+          # https://github.com/actions/stale#stale-pr-message
+          # https://github.com/actions/stale#stale-issue-message
+          stale-pr-message: ''
+          stale-issue-message: ''
+          operations-per-run: 30
+          # override days-before-stale, for only marking the pull requests as stale
+          days-before-pr-stale: 60
+          stale-pr-label: stale
+          exempt-pr-labels: keepalive

From 5dcaaee72a629388d7859cfe925ffe26c245cc76 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Suraj Nath <9503187+electron0zero@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 22:59:27 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 080/180] add stale check in list of files to sync

Signed-off-by: Suraj Nath <9503187+electron0zero@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 scripts/sync_repo_files.sh | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/sync_repo_files.sh b/scripts/sync_repo_files.sh
index 6459fb1e7..837811a56 100755
--- a/scripts/sync_repo_files.sh
+++ b/scripts/sync_repo_files.sh
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ if [ -z "${GITHUB_TOKEN}" ]; then
 fi
 
 # List of files that should be synced.
-SYNC_FILES="CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md LICENSE Makefile.common SECURITY.md .yamllint scripts/golangci-lint.yml .github/workflows/scorecards.yml .github/workflows/container_description.yml"
+SYNC_FILES="CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md LICENSE Makefile.common SECURITY.md .yamllint scripts/golangci-lint.yml .github/workflows/scorecards.yml .github/workflows/container_description.yml  .github/workflows/stale.yml"
 
 # Go to the root of the repo
 cd "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)" || exit 1

From a3b36c12256de33dee5618fcc2de3ba53f24b8f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Suraj Nath <9503187+electron0zero@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 23:06:11 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 081/180] pin to SHA of github action

Signed-off-by: Suraj Nath <9503187+electron0zero@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/stale.yml | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/stale.yml b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
index f81764448..0a57810a0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/stale.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'prometheus'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@v9
+      # pin to SHA of v9.0.0: https://github.com/actions/stale/releases/tag/v9.0.0
+      - uses: actions/stale@28ca1036281a5e5922ead5184a1bbf96e5fc984e
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           # opt out of defaults to avoid marking issues as stale and closing them

From 94ad489328623fd9a4df33e498138b48d5363c0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2024 21:07:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 082/180] Fall back to comparing by label set when sorting by
 label

Co-authored-by: Aleks Fazlieva <britishrum@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
---
 promql/functions.go                       | 10 +++++-----
 promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test | 10 +++++-----
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index 018023bf0..353d4155a 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -406,10 +406,10 @@ func funcSortDesc(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHel
 
 // === sort_by_label(vector parser.ValueTypeVector, label parser.ValueTypeString...) (Vector, Annotations) ===
 func funcSortByLabel(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
-	// In case the labels are the same, NaN should sort to the bottom, so take
-	// ascending sort with NaN first and reverse it.
-	var anno annotations.Annotations
-	vals[0], anno = funcSort(vals, args, enh)
+	slices.SortFunc(vals[0].(Vector), func(a, b Sample) int {
+		return labels.Compare(a.Metric, b.Metric)
+	})
+
 	labels := stringSliceFromArgs(args[1:])
 	slices.SortFunc(vals[0].(Vector), func(a, b Sample) int {
 		// Iterate over each given label
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ func funcSortByLabel(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNode
 		return 0
 	})
 
-	return vals[0].(Vector), anno
+	return vals[0].(Vector), nil
 }
 
 // === sort_by_label_desc(vector parser.ValueTypeVector, label parser.ValueTypeString...) (Vector, Annotations) ===
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test
index b89d44fce..177afca35 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test
@@ -523,16 +523,16 @@ load 5m
 	node_uname_info{job="node_exporter", instance="4m1000", release="1.111.3"} 0+10x10
 
 eval_ordered instant at 50m sort_by_label(http_requests, "instance")
-	http_requests{group="production", instance="0", job="api-server"} 100
 	http_requests{group="canary", instance="0", job="api-server"} 300
-	http_requests{group="production", instance="0", job="app-server"} 500
 	http_requests{group="canary", instance="0", job="app-server"} 700
-	http_requests{group="production", instance="1", job="api-server"} 200
+	http_requests{group="production", instance="0", job="api-server"} 100
+	http_requests{group="production", instance="0", job="app-server"} 500
 	http_requests{group="canary", instance="1", job="api-server"} 400
-	http_requests{group="production", instance="1", job="app-server"} 600
 	http_requests{group="canary", instance="1", job="app-server"} 800
-	http_requests{group="production", instance="2", job="api-server"} 100
+	http_requests{group="production", instance="1", job="api-server"} 200
+	http_requests{group="production", instance="1", job="app-server"} 600
 	http_requests{group="canary", instance="2", job="api-server"} NaN
+	http_requests{group="production", instance="2", job="api-server"} 100
 
 eval_ordered instant at 50m sort_by_label(http_requests, "instance", "group")
 	http_requests{group="canary", instance="0", job="api-server"} 300

From fd2f44af7fa48c5b57df51883b6f69c2e73a4809 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2024 21:24:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 083/180] Fall back to comparing by label set when sorting by
 label desc

Co-authored-by: Aleks Fazlieva <britishrum@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
---
 promql/functions.go                       | 10 +++++-----
 promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test |  8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index 353d4155a..e9bfe45f4 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -436,10 +436,10 @@ func funcSortByLabel(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNode
 
 // === sort_by_label_desc(vector parser.ValueTypeVector, label parser.ValueTypeString...) (Vector, Annotations) ===
 func funcSortByLabelDesc(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
-	// In case the labels are the same, NaN should sort to the bottom, so take
-	// ascending sort with NaN first and reverse it.
-	var anno annotations.Annotations
-	vals[0], anno = funcSortDesc(vals, args, enh)
+	slices.SortFunc(vals[0].(Vector), func(a, b Sample) int {
+		return labels.Compare(b.Metric, a.Metric)
+	})
+
 	labels := stringSliceFromArgs(args[1:])
 	slices.SortFunc(vals[0].(Vector), func(a, b Sample) int {
 		// Iterate over each given label
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ func funcSortByLabelDesc(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *Eval
 		return 0
 	})
 
-	return vals[0].(Vector), anno
+	return vals[0].(Vector), nil
 }
 
 // === clamp(Vector parser.ValueTypeVector, min, max Scalar) (Vector, Annotations) ===
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test
index 177afca35..6e2b3630b 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/functions.test
@@ -585,14 +585,14 @@ eval_ordered instant at 50m sort_by_label(http_requests, "job", "instance", "gro
 eval_ordered instant at 50m sort_by_label_desc(http_requests, "instance")
 	http_requests{group="production", instance="2", job="api-server"} 100
 	http_requests{group="canary", instance="2", job="api-server"} NaN
-	http_requests{group="canary", instance="1", job="app-server"} 800
 	http_requests{group="production", instance="1", job="app-server"} 600
-	http_requests{group="canary", instance="1", job="api-server"} 400
 	http_requests{group="production", instance="1", job="api-server"} 200
-	http_requests{group="canary", instance="0", job="app-server"} 700
+	http_requests{group="canary", instance="1", job="app-server"} 800
+	http_requests{group="canary", instance="1", job="api-server"} 400
 	http_requests{group="production", instance="0", job="app-server"} 500
-	http_requests{group="canary", instance="0", job="api-server"} 300
 	http_requests{group="production", instance="0", job="api-server"} 100
+	http_requests{group="canary", instance="0", job="app-server"} 700
+	http_requests{group="canary", instance="0", job="api-server"} 300
 
 eval_ordered instant at 50m sort_by_label_desc(http_requests, "instance", "group")
 	http_requests{group="production", instance="2", job="api-server"} 100

From 532904a1d6c34ec2e7064bc0ceb959a6b63acaf7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2024 21:34:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 084/180] Document changes to sort by label

Co-authored-by: Aleks Fazlieva <britishrum@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
---
 docs/querying/functions.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/querying/functions.md b/docs/querying/functions.md
index ee81328b5..951b90a68 100644
--- a/docs/querying/functions.md
+++ b/docs/querying/functions.md
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ Like `sort`, `sort_desc` only affects the results of instant queries, as range q
 
 **This function has to be enabled via the [feature flag](../feature_flags.md) `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions`.**
 
-`sort_by_label(v instant-vector, label string, ...)` returns vector elements sorted by their label values and sample value in case of label values being equal, in ascending order.
+`sort_by_label(v instant-vector, label string, ...)` returns vector elements sorted by the values of the given labels in ascending order. In case these label values are equal, elements are sorted by their full label sets.
 
 Please note that the sort by label functions only affect the results of instant queries, as range query results always have a fixed output ordering.
 

From 06a8886b94e18c65fe682da1a66c0172f8236494 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 10:39:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 085/180] Native histograms: define behavior when rate is null.
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Histogram quantile returns NaN in this case, which might be
surprising, so add a unit test that clarifies that this is
intentional.

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test    | 29 ++++++++++++++
 .../testdata/native_histograms.test           | 39 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 68 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test
index 349a1e79c..ef3ca0078 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test
@@ -482,3 +482,32 @@ load_with_nhcb 5m
 eval_fail instant at 50m histogram_quantile(0.99, {__name__=~"request_duration_seconds\\d*_bucket"})
 
 eval_fail instant at 50m histogram_quantile(0.99, {__name__=~"request_duration_seconds\\d*"})
+
+# Histogram with constant buckets.
+load_with_nhcb 1m
+    const_histogram_bucket{le="0.0"} 1 1 1 1 1
+    const_histogram_bucket{le="1.0"} 1 1 1 1 1
+    const_histogram_bucket{le="2.0"} 1 1 1 1 1
+    const_histogram_bucket{le="+Inf"} 1 1 1 1 1
+
+# There is no change to the bucket count over time, thus rate is 0 in each bucket.
+eval instant at 5m rate(const_histogram_bucket[5m])
+    {le="0.0"} 0
+    {le="1.0"} 0
+    {le="2.0"} 0
+    {le="+Inf"} 0
+
+# There is no change to the bucket count over time, thus rate is 0 in each bucket.
+# However native histograms do not represent empty buckets, so here the zeros are implicit.
+eval instant at 5m rate(const_histogram[5m])
+    {} {{schema:-53 sum:0 count:0 custom_values:[0.0 1.0 2.0]}}
+
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall bellow,
+# which means that any quantile is a NaN.
+eval instant at 5m histogram_quantile(1.0, sum by (le) (rate(const_histogram_bucket[5m])))
+    {} NaN
+
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall bellow,
+# which means that any quantile is a NaN.
+eval instant at 5m histogram_quantile(1.0, sum(rate(const_histogram[5m])))
+    {} NaN
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index f91626c34..a9ac0303c 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -784,3 +784,42 @@ eval_warn instant at 1m rate(some_metric[30s])
 # Start with exponential, end with custom.
 eval_warn instant at 30s rate(some_metric[30s])
     # Should produce no results.
+
+# Histogram with constant buckets.
+load 1m
+    const_histogram {{schema:0 sum:1 count:1 buckets:[1 1 1]}} {{schema:0 sum:1 count:1 buckets:[1 1 1]}} {{schema:0 sum:1 count:1 buckets:[1 1 1]}} {{schema:0 sum:1 count:1 buckets:[1 1 1]}} {{schema:0 sum:1 count:1 buckets:[1 1 1]}}
+
+# There is no change to the bucket count over time, thus rate is 0 in each bucket.
+# However native histograms do not represent empty buckets, so here the zeros are implicit.
+eval instant at 5m rate(const_histogram[5m])
+    {} {{schema:0 sum:0 count:0}}
+
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so average has no meaningful value.
+eval instant at 5m histogram_avg(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
+    {} NaN
+
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so count is 0.
+eval instant at 5m histogram_count(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
+    {} 0.0
+
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so the sum should be NaN, However
+# we return 0 for compatibility with classic histograms.
+eval instant at 5m histogram_sum(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
+    {} 0.0
+
+# BUG??? Zero buckets mean no observations, thus any fraction should be 0.
+eval instant at 5m histogram_fraction(0.0, 1.0, rate(const_histogram[5m]))
+    {} NaN
+
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall bellow,
+# which means that any quantile is a NaN.
+eval instant at 5m histogram_quantile(1.0, rate(const_histogram[5m]))
+    {} NaN
+
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no standard deviation.
+eval instant at 5m histogram_stddev(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
+    {} NaN
+
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no standard variance.
+eval instant at 5m histogram_stdvar(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
+    {} NaN

From 6aee5b4b38fb2653dc1a93eda960f24de56f1305 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 12:04:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 086/180] fix typo
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test        | 4 ++--
 promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test
index ef3ca0078..70df9434e 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test
@@ -502,12 +502,12 @@ eval instant at 5m rate(const_histogram_bucket[5m])
 eval instant at 5m rate(const_histogram[5m])
     {} {{schema:-53 sum:0 count:0 custom_values:[0.0 1.0 2.0]}}
 
-# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall bellow,
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall below,
 # which means that any quantile is a NaN.
 eval instant at 5m histogram_quantile(1.0, sum by (le) (rate(const_histogram_bucket[5m])))
     {} NaN
 
-# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall bellow,
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall below,
 # which means that any quantile is a NaN.
 eval instant at 5m histogram_quantile(1.0, sum(rate(const_histogram[5m])))
     {} NaN
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index a9ac0303c..948e15806 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ eval instant at 5m histogram_sum(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
 eval instant at 5m histogram_fraction(0.0, 1.0, rate(const_histogram[5m]))
     {} NaN
 
-# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall bellow,
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall below,
 # which means that any quantile is a NaN.
 eval instant at 5m histogram_quantile(1.0, rate(const_histogram[5m]))
     {} NaN

From 7694c89497c72fd3b163fc101612b464a763b542 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lukasz Mierzwa <lukasz@cloudflare.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 14:01:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 087/180] Increase TestHangingNotifier timeout

This test keeps timing out on our arm64 CI server, it does use a very slow timeout and that 5ms doesn't seem to be enough.
But it 10x.

Signed-off-by: Lukasz Mierzwa <lukasz@cloudflare.com>
---
 notifier/notifier_test.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/notifier/notifier_test.go b/notifier/notifier_test.go
index 2cdaa9e06..cf922a537 100644
--- a/notifier/notifier_test.go
+++ b/notifier/notifier_test.go
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ func TestHangingNotifier(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 
 	var (
-		sendTimeout = 10 * time.Millisecond
+		sendTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
 		sdUpdatert  = sendTimeout / 2
 
 		done = make(chan struct{})

From 74c1af3fd57cdd25913ec5b59cd0492d7e2a9f84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Suraj Nath <9503187+electron0zero@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 23:36:48 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 088/180] address review comments

Signed-off-by: Suraj Nath <9503187+electron0zero@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/stale.yml | 8 +++-----
 scripts/sync_repo_files.sh  | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/stale.yml b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
index 0a57810a0..d71bcbc9d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/stale.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@ name: Stale Check
 on:
   workflow_dispatch: {}
   schedule:
-    - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+    - cron: '16 22 * * *'
 permissions:
   issues: write
   pull-requests: write
 jobs:
   stale:
-    # only run on repos in prometheus org, and skip this workflow in forks.
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'prometheus'
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'prometheus' || github.repository_owner == 'prometheus-community' # Don't run this workflow on forks.
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      # pin to SHA of v9.0.0: https://github.com/actions/stale/releases/tag/v9.0.0
-      - uses: actions/stale@28ca1036281a5e5922ead5184a1bbf96e5fc984e
+      - uses: actions/stale@28ca1036281a5e5922ead5184a1bbf96e5fc984e # v9.0.0
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           # opt out of defaults to avoid marking issues as stale and closing them
diff --git a/scripts/sync_repo_files.sh b/scripts/sync_repo_files.sh
index 837811a56..102933629 100755
--- a/scripts/sync_repo_files.sh
+++ b/scripts/sync_repo_files.sh
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ if [ -z "${GITHUB_TOKEN}" ]; then
 fi
 
 # List of files that should be synced.
-SYNC_FILES="CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md LICENSE Makefile.common SECURITY.md .yamllint scripts/golangci-lint.yml .github/workflows/scorecards.yml .github/workflows/container_description.yml  .github/workflows/stale.yml"
+SYNC_FILES="CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md LICENSE Makefile.common SECURITY.md .yamllint scripts/golangci-lint.yml .github/workflows/scorecards.yml .github/workflows/container_description.yml .github/workflows/stale.yml"
 
 # Go to the root of the repo
 cd "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)" || exit 1

From 0503d4f3722621904bf095fb0d4805b68e3066d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2024 08:55:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 089/180] PromQL: Fix comment regarding non-nil histogram
 pointer

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 promql/engine.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 1427302e5..30af001d3 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -2357,7 +2357,7 @@ loop:
 			histograms = append(histograms, HPoint{H: &histogram.FloatHistogram{}})
 		}
 		if histograms[n].H == nil {
-			// Make sure to pass non zero H to AtFloatHistogram so that it does a deep-copy.
+			// Make sure to pass non-nil H to AtFloatHistogram so that it does a deep-copy.
 			// Not an issue in the loop above since that uses an intermediate buffer.
 			histograms[n].H = &histogram.FloatHistogram{}
 		}

From 386fc8b9f69c0ac5ca81273a145ced408ea9d6d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2024 15:26:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 090/180] Update from review comments.
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test        |  5 +----
 promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test | 13 +++++++++----
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test
index 70df9434e..47cba7993 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/histograms.test
@@ -497,8 +497,7 @@ eval instant at 5m rate(const_histogram_bucket[5m])
     {le="2.0"} 0
     {le="+Inf"} 0
 
-# There is no change to the bucket count over time, thus rate is 0 in each bucket.
-# However native histograms do not represent empty buckets, so here the zeros are implicit.
+# Native histograms do not represent empty buckets, so here the zeros are implicit.
 eval instant at 5m rate(const_histogram[5m])
     {} {{schema:-53 sum:0 count:0 custom_values:[0.0 1.0 2.0]}}
 
@@ -507,7 +506,5 @@ eval instant at 5m rate(const_histogram[5m])
 eval instant at 5m histogram_quantile(1.0, sum by (le) (rate(const_histogram_bucket[5m])))
     {} NaN
 
-# Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall below,
-# which means that any quantile is a NaN.
 eval instant at 5m histogram_quantile(1.0, sum(rate(const_histogram[5m])))
     {} NaN
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index 948e15806..c2a5012e9 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -794,7 +794,8 @@ load 1m
 eval instant at 5m rate(const_histogram[5m])
     {} {{schema:0 sum:0 count:0}}
 
-# Zero buckets mean no observations, so average has no meaningful value.
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, thus the denominator in the average is 0
+# leading to 0/0, which is NaN.
 eval instant at 5m histogram_avg(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
     {} NaN
 
@@ -802,15 +803,19 @@ eval instant at 5m histogram_avg(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
 eval instant at 5m histogram_count(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
     {} 0.0
 
-# Zero buckets mean no observations, so the sum should be NaN, However
-# we return 0 for compatibility with classic histograms.
+# Zero buckets mean no observations and empty histogram has a sum of 0 by definition.
 eval instant at 5m histogram_sum(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
     {} 0.0
 
-# BUG??? Zero buckets mean no observations, thus any fraction should be 0.
+# Zero buckets mean no observations, thus the denominator in the fraction is 0,
+# leading to 0/0, which is NaN.
 eval instant at 5m histogram_fraction(0.0, 1.0, rate(const_histogram[5m]))
     {} NaN
 
+# Workaround to calculate the observation count corresponding to NaN fraction.
+eval instant at 5m histogram_count(rate(const_histogram[5m])) == 0.0 or histogram_fraction(0.0, 1.0, rate(const_histogram[5m])) * histogram_count(rate(const_histogram[5m]))
+    {} 0.0
+
 # Zero buckets mean no observations, so there is no value that observations fall below,
 # which means that any quantile is a NaN.
 eval instant at 5m histogram_quantile(1.0, rate(const_histogram[5m]))

From 41656162fc377a0528b4ceadad1bf4831fd38037 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2024 11:13:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 091/180] tsdb: prepare inserting native histograms into OOO
 head
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Rename a variable.
Add parameters to memSeries.insert function.

No effect on how float samples are handled.

Related to #14546

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 tsdb/head_append.go | 12 ++++++------
 tsdb/head_wal.go    |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/head_append.go b/tsdb/head_append.go
index b508643c3..59681b8da 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_append.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_append.go
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ func (a *headAppender) Commit() (err error) {
 		floatsAppended     = len(a.samples)
 		histogramsAppended = len(a.histograms) + len(a.floatHistograms)
 		// number of samples out of order but accepted: with ooo enabled and within time window
-		floatOOOAccepted int
+		oooFloatsAccepted int
 		// number of samples rejected due to: out of order but OOO support disabled.
 		floatOOORejected int
 		histoOOORejected int
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ func (a *headAppender) Commit() (err error) {
 			// Sample is OOO and OOO handling is enabled
 			// and the delta is within the OOO tolerance.
 			var mmapRefs []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
-			ok, chunkCreated, mmapRefs = series.insert(s.T, s.V, a.head.chunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax)
+			ok, chunkCreated, mmapRefs = series.insert(s.T, s.V, nil, nil, a.head.chunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax)
 			if chunkCreated {
 				r, ok := oooMmapMarkers[series.ref]
 				if !ok || r != nil {
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ func (a *headAppender) Commit() (err error) {
 				if s.T > oooMaxT {
 					oooMaxT = s.T
 				}
-				floatOOOAccepted++
+				oooFloatsAccepted++
 			} else {
 				// Sample is an exact duplicate of the last sample.
 				// NOTE: We can only detect updates if they clash with a sample in the OOOHeadChunk,
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ func (a *headAppender) Commit() (err error) {
 	a.head.metrics.tooOldSamples.WithLabelValues(sampleMetricTypeFloat).Add(float64(floatTooOldRejected))
 	a.head.metrics.samplesAppended.WithLabelValues(sampleMetricTypeFloat).Add(float64(floatsAppended))
 	a.head.metrics.samplesAppended.WithLabelValues(sampleMetricTypeHistogram).Add(float64(histogramsAppended))
-	a.head.metrics.outOfOrderSamplesAppended.WithLabelValues(sampleMetricTypeFloat).Add(float64(floatOOOAccepted))
+	a.head.metrics.outOfOrderSamplesAppended.WithLabelValues(sampleMetricTypeFloat).Add(float64(oooFloatsAccepted))
 	a.head.updateMinMaxTime(inOrderMint, inOrderMaxt)
 	a.head.updateMinOOOMaxOOOTime(oooMinT, oooMaxT)
 
@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ func (a *headAppender) Commit() (err error) {
 }
 
 // insert is like append, except it inserts. Used for OOO samples.
-func (s *memSeries) insert(t int64, v float64, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax int64) (inserted, chunkCreated bool, mmapRefs []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) {
+func (s *memSeries) insert(t int64, v float64, h *histogram.Histogram, fh *histogram.FloatHistogram, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax int64) (inserted, chunkCreated bool, mmapRefs []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) {
 	if s.ooo == nil {
 		s.ooo = &memSeriesOOOFields{}
 	}
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ func (s *memSeries) insert(t int64, v float64, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDisk
 		chunkCreated = true
 	}
 
-	ok := c.chunk.Insert(t, v, nil, nil)
+	ok := c.chunk.Insert(t, v, h, fh)
 	if ok {
 		if chunkCreated || t < c.minTime {
 			c.minTime = t
diff --git a/tsdb/head_wal.go b/tsdb/head_wal.go
index 2852709a0..85b0c656d 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_wal.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_wal.go
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ func (wp *wblSubsetProcessor) processWBLSamples(h *Head) (unknownRefs uint64) {
 				unknownRefs++
 				continue
 			}
-			ok, chunkCreated, _ := ms.insert(s.T, s.V, h.chunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax)
+			ok, chunkCreated, _ := ms.insert(s.T, s.V, nil, nil, h.chunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax)
 			if chunkCreated {
 				h.metrics.chunksCreated.Inc()
 				h.metrics.chunks.Inc()

From 0c852680bf921036624f6672b7814ad380a99222 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 29 Jun 2024 17:49:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 092/180] [Benchmark] TSDB: Add
 BenchmarkQuerierSelectWithOutOfOrder

Refactor existing BenchmarkQuerierSelect to provide the set-up.

Note that Head queries now run faster because they use a RangeHead.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/block.go              |   5 ++
 tsdb/querier_bench_test.go | 106 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 2 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/block.go b/tsdb/block.go
index 2f32733f8..c55e22ce5 100644
--- a/tsdb/block.go
+++ b/tsdb/block.go
@@ -467,6 +467,11 @@ func (pb *Block) setCompactionFailed() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Querier implements Queryable.
+func (pb *Block) Querier(mint, maxt int64) (storage.Querier, error) {
+	return NewBlockQuerier(pb, mint, maxt)
+}
+
 type blockIndexReader struct {
 	ir IndexReader
 	b  *Block
diff --git a/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go b/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go
index 9a8230242..e3e457d07 100644
--- a/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/index"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -254,56 +255,91 @@ func BenchmarkMergedStringIter(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 }
 
-func BenchmarkQuerierSelect(b *testing.B) {
-	opts := DefaultHeadOptions()
-	opts.ChunkRange = 1000
-	opts.ChunkDirRoot = b.TempDir()
-	h, err := NewHead(nil, nil, nil, nil, opts, nil)
+func createHeadForBenchmarkSelect(b *testing.B, numSeries int, addSeries func(app storage.Appender, i int)) (*Head, *DB) {
+	dir := b.TempDir()
+	opts := DefaultOptions()
+	opts.OutOfOrderCapMax = 255
+	opts.OutOfOrderTimeWindow = 1000
+	db, err := Open(dir, nil, nil, opts, nil)
 	require.NoError(b, err)
-	defer h.Close()
+	b.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(b, db.Close())
+	})
+	h := db.Head()
+
 	app := h.Appender(context.Background())
-	numSeries := 1000000
 	for i := 0; i < numSeries; i++ {
-		app.Append(0, labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar", "i", fmt.Sprintf("%d%s", i, postingsBenchSuffix)), int64(i), 0)
+		addSeries(app, i)
 	}
 	require.NoError(b, app.Commit())
+	return h, db
+}
 
-	bench := func(b *testing.B, br BlockReader, sorted bool) {
-		matcher := labels.MustNewMatcher(labels.MatchEqual, "foo", "bar")
-		for s := 1; s <= numSeries; s *= 10 {
-			b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%dof%d", s, numSeries), func(b *testing.B) {
-				q, err := NewBlockQuerier(br, 0, int64(s-1))
-				require.NoError(b, err)
+func benchmarkSelect(b *testing.B, queryable storage.Queryable, numSeries int, sorted bool) {
+	matcher := labels.MustNewMatcher(labels.MatchEqual, "foo", "bar")
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for s := 1; s <= numSeries; s *= 10 {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%dof%d", s, numSeries), func(b *testing.B) {
+			q, err := queryable.Querier(0, int64(s-1))
+			require.NoError(b, err)
 
-				b.ResetTimer()
-				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-					ss := q.Select(context.Background(), sorted, nil, matcher)
-					for ss.Next() {
-					}
-					require.NoError(b, ss.Err())
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				ss := q.Select(context.Background(), sorted, nil, matcher)
+				for ss.Next() {
 				}
-				q.Close()
-			})
-		}
+				require.NoError(b, ss.Err())
+			}
+			q.Close()
+		})
 	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkQuerierSelect(b *testing.B) {
+	numSeries := 1000000
+	h, db := createHeadForBenchmarkSelect(b, numSeries, func(app storage.Appender, i int) {
+		_, err := app.Append(0, labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar", "i", fmt.Sprintf("%d%s", i, postingsBenchSuffix)), int64(i), 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	})
 
 	b.Run("Head", func(b *testing.B) {
-		bench(b, h, false)
+		benchmarkSelect(b, db, numSeries, false)
 	})
 	b.Run("SortedHead", func(b *testing.B) {
-		bench(b, h, true)
+		benchmarkSelect(b, db, numSeries, true)
 	})
 
-	tmpdir := b.TempDir()
-
-	blockdir := createBlockFromHead(b, tmpdir, h)
-	block, err := OpenBlock(nil, blockdir, nil)
-	require.NoError(b, err)
-	defer func() {
-		require.NoError(b, block.Close())
-	}()
-
 	b.Run("Block", func(b *testing.B) {
-		bench(b, block, false)
+		tmpdir := b.TempDir()
+
+		blockdir := createBlockFromHead(b, tmpdir, h)
+		block, err := OpenBlock(nil, blockdir, nil)
+		require.NoError(b, err)
+		defer func() {
+			require.NoError(b, block.Close())
+		}()
+
+		benchmarkSelect(b, block, numSeries, false)
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkQuerierSelectWithOutOfOrder(b *testing.B) {
+	numSeries := 1000000
+	_, db := createHeadForBenchmarkSelect(b, numSeries, func(app storage.Appender, i int) {
+		l := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar", "i", fmt.Sprintf("%d%s", i, postingsBenchSuffix))
+		ref, err := app.Append(0, l, int64(i+1), 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		_, err = app.Append(ref, l, int64(i), 1) // Out of order sample
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	b.Run("Head", func(b *testing.B) {
+		benchmarkSelect(b, db, numSeries, false)
 	})
 }

From c75c8f8329758f82279d62b483a50c2fae00c283 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Jun 2024 21:06:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 093/180] Refactoring: extract getSeriesChunks

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/head_read.go | 12 ++++++++----
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/head_read.go b/tsdb/head_read.go
index c8b394be8..ff9345fa0 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_read.go
@@ -200,9 +200,15 @@ func (h *headIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.ScratchB
 
 	*chks = (*chks)[:0]
 
+	getSeriesChunks(s, h.mint, h.maxt, chks)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, chks *[]chunks.Meta) {
 	for i, c := range s.mmappedChunks {
 		// Do not expose chunks that are outside of the specified range.
-		if !c.OverlapsClosedInterval(h.mint, h.maxt) {
+		if !c.OverlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt) {
 			continue
 		}
 		*chks = append(*chks, chunks.Meta{
@@ -223,7 +229,7 @@ func (h *headIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.ScratchB
 			} else {
 				maxTime = chk.maxTime
 			}
-			if chk.OverlapsClosedInterval(h.mint, h.maxt) {
+			if chk.OverlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt) {
 				*chks = append(*chks, chunks.Meta{
 					MinTime: chk.minTime,
 					MaxTime: maxTime,
@@ -233,8 +239,6 @@ func (h *headIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.ScratchB
 			j++
 		}
 	}
-
-	return nil
 }
 
 // headChunkID returns the HeadChunkID referred to by the given position.

From a32aca0cd74d5d1acbef0abd58ec48f2a8e560c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 09:25:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 094/180] Refactoring: extract getOOOSeriesChunks

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index 9d5b9d644..892d2c4b6 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -92,6 +92,10 @@ func (oh *OOOHeadIndexReader) series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.Scra
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	return getOOOSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, maxMmapRef, chks)
+}
+
+func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef, chks *[]chunks.Meta) error {
 	tmpChks := make([]chunks.Meta, 0, len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks))
 
 	addChunk := func(minT, maxT int64, ref chunks.ChunkRef, chunk chunkenc.Chunk) {
@@ -106,7 +110,7 @@ func (oh *OOOHeadIndexReader) series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.Scra
 	// Collect all chunks that overlap the query range.
 	if s.ooo.oooHeadChunk != nil {
 		c := s.ooo.oooHeadChunk
-		if c.OverlapsClosedInterval(oh.mint, oh.maxt) && maxMmapRef == 0 {
+		if c.OverlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt) && maxMmapRef == 0 {
 			ref := chunks.ChunkRef(chunks.NewHeadChunkRef(s.ref, s.oooHeadChunkID(len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks))))
 			if len(c.chunk.samples) > 0 { // Empty samples happens in tests, at least.
 				chks, err := s.ooo.oooHeadChunk.chunk.ToEncodedChunks(c.minTime, c.maxTime)
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ func (oh *OOOHeadIndexReader) series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.Scra
 	}
 	for i := len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
 		c := s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks[i]
-		if c.OverlapsClosedInterval(oh.mint, oh.maxt) && (maxMmapRef == 0 || maxMmapRef.GreaterThanOrEqualTo(c.ref)) && (lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef == 0 || c.ref.GreaterThan(lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)) {
+		if c.OverlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt) && (maxMmapRef == 0 || maxMmapRef.GreaterThanOrEqualTo(c.ref)) && (lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef == 0 || c.ref.GreaterThan(lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)) {
 			ref := chunks.ChunkRef(chunks.NewHeadChunkRef(s.ref, s.oooHeadChunkID(i)))
 			addChunk(c.minTime, c.maxTime, ref, nil)
 		}

From 7e24844d081f82ef1d3933ace4477d60cec7d05b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 20:48:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 095/180] Refactor: extract headChunkReader.chunkFromSeries()

For when you have a series locked already.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/head_read.go | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/head_read.go b/tsdb/head_read.go
index ff9345fa0..d75d28a58 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_read.go
@@ -362,9 +362,14 @@ func (h *headChunkReader) chunk(meta chunks.Meta, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.
 	}
 
 	s.Lock()
+	defer s.Unlock()
+	return h.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, copyLastChunk)
+}
+
+// Call with s locked.
+func (h *headChunkReader) chunkFromSeries(s *memSeries, cid chunks.HeadChunkID, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.Chunk, int64, error) {
 	c, headChunk, isOpen, err := s.chunk(cid, h.head.chunkDiskMapper, &h.head.memChunkPool)
 	if err != nil {
-		s.Unlock()
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
 	defer func() {
@@ -378,7 +383,6 @@ func (h *headChunkReader) chunk(meta chunks.Meta, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.
 
 	// This means that the chunk is outside the specified range.
 	if !c.OverlapsClosedInterval(h.mint, h.maxt) {
-		s.Unlock()
 		return nil, 0, storage.ErrNotFound
 	}
 
@@ -395,7 +399,6 @@ func (h *headChunkReader) chunk(meta chunks.Meta, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.
 			return nil, 0, err
 		}
 	}
-	s.Unlock()
 
 	return &safeHeadChunk{
 		Chunk:    chk,

From da31da3ea6f46da2b3c605d5a85c4d3fc80dd560 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 10:36:25 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 096/180] Refactor: extract selectSeriesSet and
 selectChunkSeriesSet

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/querier.go | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/querier.go b/tsdb/querier.go
index 910c2d7fc..37456d7e2 100644
--- a/tsdb/querier.go
+++ b/tsdb/querier.go
@@ -115,20 +115,24 @@ func NewBlockQuerier(b BlockReader, mint, maxt int64) (storage.Querier, error) {
 }
 
 func (q *blockQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *storage.SelectHints, ms ...*labels.Matcher) storage.SeriesSet {
-	mint := q.mint
-	maxt := q.maxt
+	return selectSeriesSet(ctx, sortSeries, hints, ms, q.index, q.chunks, q.tombstones, q.mint, q.maxt)
+}
+
+func selectSeriesSet(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *storage.SelectHints, ms []*labels.Matcher,
+	index IndexReader, chunks ChunkReader, tombstones tombstones.Reader, mint, maxt int64,
+) storage.SeriesSet {
 	disableTrimming := false
 	sharded := hints != nil && hints.ShardCount > 0
 
-	p, err := PostingsForMatchers(ctx, q.index, ms...)
+	p, err := PostingsForMatchers(ctx, index, ms...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return storage.ErrSeriesSet(err)
 	}
 	if sharded {
-		p = q.index.ShardedPostings(p, hints.ShardIndex, hints.ShardCount)
+		p = index.ShardedPostings(p, hints.ShardIndex, hints.ShardCount)
 	}
 	if sortSeries {
-		p = q.index.SortedPostings(p)
+		p = index.SortedPostings(p)
 	}
 
 	if hints != nil {
@@ -137,11 +141,11 @@ func (q *blockQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *stora
 		disableTrimming = hints.DisableTrimming
 		if hints.Func == "series" {
 			// When you're only looking up metadata (for example series API), you don't need to load any chunks.
-			return newBlockSeriesSet(q.index, newNopChunkReader(), q.tombstones, p, mint, maxt, disableTrimming)
+			return newBlockSeriesSet(index, newNopChunkReader(), tombstones, p, mint, maxt, disableTrimming)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return newBlockSeriesSet(q.index, q.chunks, q.tombstones, p, mint, maxt, disableTrimming)
+	return newBlockSeriesSet(index, chunks, tombstones, p, mint, maxt, disableTrimming)
 }
 
 // blockChunkQuerier provides chunk querying access to a single block database.
@@ -159,8 +163,12 @@ func NewBlockChunkQuerier(b BlockReader, mint, maxt int64) (storage.ChunkQuerier
 }
 
 func (q *blockChunkQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *storage.SelectHints, ms ...*labels.Matcher) storage.ChunkSeriesSet {
-	mint := q.mint
-	maxt := q.maxt
+	return selectChunkSeriesSet(ctx, sortSeries, hints, ms, q.blockID, q.index, q.chunks, q.tombstones, q.mint, q.maxt)
+}
+
+func selectChunkSeriesSet(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *storage.SelectHints, ms []*labels.Matcher,
+	blockID ulid.ULID, index IndexReader, chunks ChunkReader, tombstones tombstones.Reader, mint, maxt int64,
+) storage.ChunkSeriesSet {
 	disableTrimming := false
 	sharded := hints != nil && hints.ShardCount > 0
 
@@ -169,17 +177,17 @@ func (q *blockChunkQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *
 		maxt = hints.End
 		disableTrimming = hints.DisableTrimming
 	}
-	p, err := PostingsForMatchers(ctx, q.index, ms...)
+	p, err := PostingsForMatchers(ctx, index, ms...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return storage.ErrChunkSeriesSet(err)
 	}
 	if sharded {
-		p = q.index.ShardedPostings(p, hints.ShardIndex, hints.ShardCount)
+		p = index.ShardedPostings(p, hints.ShardIndex, hints.ShardCount)
 	}
 	if sortSeries {
-		p = q.index.SortedPostings(p)
+		p = index.SortedPostings(p)
 	}
-	return NewBlockChunkSeriesSet(q.blockID, q.index, q.chunks, q.tombstones, p, mint, maxt, disableTrimming)
+	return NewBlockChunkSeriesSet(blockID, index, chunks, tombstones, p, mint, maxt, disableTrimming)
 }
 
 // PostingsForMatchers assembles a single postings iterator against the index reader

From 2936ab80d7dbc0c944d99346ea7ab26449fe82d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 12:47:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 097/180] [Tests] Promtool: Sort output where Prometheus does
 not guarantee the order.

Previously this was working because iout-of-order chunks forced a sort and merge.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 cmd/promtool/tsdb_test.go | 13 ++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/promtool/tsdb_test.go b/cmd/promtool/tsdb_test.go
index 75089b168..d7cc56088 100644
--- a/cmd/promtool/tsdb_test.go
+++ b/cmd/promtool/tsdb_test.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -152,12 +153,18 @@ func TestTSDBDump(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedMetrics, err := os.ReadFile(tt.expectedDump)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			expectedMetrics = normalizeNewLine(expectedMetrics)
-			// even though in case of one matcher samples are not sorted, the order in the cases above should stay the same.
-			require.Equal(t, string(expectedMetrics), dumpedMetrics)
+			// Sort both, because Prometheus does not guarantee the output order.
+			require.Equal(t, sortLines(string(expectedMetrics)), sortLines(dumpedMetrics))
 		})
 	}
 }
 
+func sortLines(buf string) string {
+	lines := strings.Split(buf, "\n")
+	slices.Sort(lines)
+	return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+}
+
 func TestTSDBDumpOpenMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	storage := promqltest.LoadedStorage(t, `
 		load 1m
@@ -169,7 +176,7 @@ func TestTSDBDumpOpenMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	expectedMetrics = normalizeNewLine(expectedMetrics)
 	dumpedMetrics := getDumpedSamples(t, storage.Dir(), math.MinInt64, math.MaxInt64, []string{"{__name__=~'(?s:.*)'}"}, formatSeriesSetOpenMetrics)
-	require.Equal(t, string(expectedMetrics), dumpedMetrics)
+	require.Equal(t, sortLines(string(expectedMetrics)), sortLines(dumpedMetrics))
 }
 
 func TestTSDBDumpOpenMetricsRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {

From e04d137649697ea59b0e5dbfad965ae24d6c0faa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Jun 2024 13:41:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 098/180] [PERF] TSDB: Query head and ooo-head together

Add `HeadAndOOOQuerier` which iterates just once over series, then
where necessary merges chunks from in-order and out-of-order lists.

Add a ChunkQuerier for in-order and ooo together

Add copy-last-chunk behaviour to HeadAndOOOChunkReader

Out-of-order chunk IDs are distinguished from in-order by setting bit 23.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/db.go                 |  58 +++++++-----
 tsdb/head_read.go          |  51 +++++++++--
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go      | 182 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go |   2 +-
 tsdb/querier.go            |  12 ++-
 5 files changed, 263 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/db.go b/tsdb/db.go
index 1c430c211..bf1893ec0 100644
--- a/tsdb/db.go
+++ b/tsdb/db.go
@@ -2029,7 +2029,7 @@ func (db *DB) Querier(mint, maxt int64) (_ storage.Querier, err error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	blockQueriers := make([]storage.Querier, 0, len(blocks)+2) // +2 to allow for possible in-order and OOO head queriers
+	blockQueriers := make([]storage.Querier, 0, len(blocks)+1) // +1 to allow for possible head querier.
 
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
@@ -2041,10 +2041,11 @@ func (db *DB) Querier(mint, maxt int64) (_ storage.Querier, err error) {
 		}
 	}()
 
+	var headQuerier storage.Querier
 	if maxt >= db.head.MinTime() {
 		rh := NewRangeHead(db.head, mint, maxt)
 		var err error
-		inOrderHeadQuerier, err := db.blockQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
+		headQuerier, err = db.blockQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("open block querier for head %s: %w", rh, err)
 		}
@@ -2054,36 +2055,40 @@ func (db *DB) Querier(mint, maxt int64) (_ storage.Querier, err error) {
 		// won't run into a race later since any truncation that comes after will wait on this querier if it overlaps.
 		shouldClose, getNew, newMint := db.head.IsQuerierCollidingWithTruncation(mint, maxt)
 		if shouldClose {
-			if err := inOrderHeadQuerier.Close(); err != nil {
+			if err := headQuerier.Close(); err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("closing head block querier %s: %w", rh, err)
 			}
-			inOrderHeadQuerier = nil
+			headQuerier = nil
 		}
 		if getNew {
 			rh := NewRangeHead(db.head, newMint, maxt)
-			inOrderHeadQuerier, err = db.blockQuerierFunc(rh, newMint, maxt)
+			headQuerier, err = db.blockQuerierFunc(rh, newMint, maxt)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("open block querier for head while getting new querier %s: %w", rh, err)
 			}
 		}
-
-		if inOrderHeadQuerier != nil {
-			blockQueriers = append(blockQueriers, inOrderHeadQuerier)
-		}
 	}
 
-	if overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime()) {
+	if headQuerier != nil {
+		if overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime()) {
+			// We need to fetch from in-order and out-of-order chunks: wrap the headQuerier.
+			isoState := db.head.oooIso.TrackReadAfter(db.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)
+			headQuerier = NewHeadAndOOOQuerier(mint, maxt, db.head, isoState, headQuerier)
+		}
+	} else if overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime()) {
 		rh := NewOOORangeHead(db.head, mint, maxt, db.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)
 		var err error
-		outOfOrderHeadQuerier, err := db.blockQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
+		headQuerier, err = db.blockQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
 		if err != nil {
 			// If BlockQuerierFunc() failed, make sure to clean up the pending read created by NewOOORangeHead.
 			rh.isoState.Close()
 
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("open block querier for ooo head %s: %w", rh, err)
 		}
+	}
 
-		blockQueriers = append(blockQueriers, outOfOrderHeadQuerier)
+	if headQuerier != nil {
+		blockQueriers = append(blockQueriers, headQuerier)
 	}
 
 	for _, b := range blocks {
@@ -2111,7 +2116,7 @@ func (db *DB) blockChunkQuerierForRange(mint, maxt int64) (_ []storage.ChunkQuer
 		}
 	}
 
-	blockQueriers := make([]storage.ChunkQuerier, 0, len(blocks)+2) // +2 to allow for possible in-order and OOO head queriers
+	blockQueriers := make([]storage.ChunkQuerier, 0, len(blocks)+1) // +1 to allow for possible head querier.
 
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
@@ -2123,9 +2128,10 @@ func (db *DB) blockChunkQuerierForRange(mint, maxt int64) (_ []storage.ChunkQuer
 		}
 	}()
 
+	var headQuerier storage.ChunkQuerier
 	if maxt >= db.head.MinTime() {
 		rh := NewRangeHead(db.head, mint, maxt)
-		inOrderHeadQuerier, err := db.blockChunkQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
+		headQuerier, err = db.blockChunkQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("open querier for head %s: %w", rh, err)
 		}
@@ -2135,35 +2141,39 @@ func (db *DB) blockChunkQuerierForRange(mint, maxt int64) (_ []storage.ChunkQuer
 		// won't run into a race later since any truncation that comes after will wait on this querier if it overlaps.
 		shouldClose, getNew, newMint := db.head.IsQuerierCollidingWithTruncation(mint, maxt)
 		if shouldClose {
-			if err := inOrderHeadQuerier.Close(); err != nil {
+			if err := headQuerier.Close(); err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("closing head querier %s: %w", rh, err)
 			}
-			inOrderHeadQuerier = nil
+			headQuerier = nil
 		}
 		if getNew {
 			rh := NewRangeHead(db.head, newMint, maxt)
-			inOrderHeadQuerier, err = db.blockChunkQuerierFunc(rh, newMint, maxt)
+			headQuerier, err = db.blockChunkQuerierFunc(rh, newMint, maxt)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("open querier for head while getting new querier %s: %w", rh, err)
 			}
 		}
-
-		if inOrderHeadQuerier != nil {
-			blockQueriers = append(blockQueriers, inOrderHeadQuerier)
-		}
 	}
 
-	if overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime()) {
+	if headQuerier != nil {
+		if overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime()) {
+			// We need to fetch from in-order and out-of-order chunks: wrap the headQuerier.
+			isoState := db.head.oooIso.TrackReadAfter(db.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)
+			headQuerier = NewHeadAndOOOChunkQuerier(mint, maxt, db.head, isoState, headQuerier)
+		}
+	} else if overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime()) {
 		rh := NewOOORangeHead(db.head, mint, maxt, db.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)
-		outOfOrderHeadQuerier, err := db.blockChunkQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
+		headQuerier, err = db.blockChunkQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
 		if err != nil {
 			// If NewBlockQuerier() failed, make sure to clean up the pending read created by NewOOORangeHead.
 			rh.isoState.Close()
 
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("open block chunk querier for ooo head %s: %w", rh, err)
 		}
+	}
 
-		blockQueriers = append(blockQueriers, outOfOrderHeadQuerier)
+	if headQuerier != nil {
+		blockQueriers = append(blockQueriers, headQuerier)
 	}
 
 	for _, b := range blocks {
diff --git a/tsdb/head_read.go b/tsdb/head_read.go
index d75d28a58..977d6b978 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_read.go
@@ -248,12 +248,20 @@ func (s *memSeries) headChunkID(pos int) chunks.HeadChunkID {
 	return chunks.HeadChunkID(pos) + s.firstChunkID
 }
 
+const oooChunkIDMask = 1 << 23
+
 // oooHeadChunkID returns the HeadChunkID referred to by the given position.
+// Only the bottom 24 bits are used. Bit 23 is always 1 for an OOO chunk; for the rest:
 // * 0 <= pos < len(s.oooMmappedChunks) refer to s.oooMmappedChunks[pos]
 // * pos == len(s.oooMmappedChunks) refers to s.oooHeadChunk
 // The caller must ensure that s.ooo is not nil.
 func (s *memSeries) oooHeadChunkID(pos int) chunks.HeadChunkID {
-	return chunks.HeadChunkID(pos) + s.ooo.firstOOOChunkID
+	return (chunks.HeadChunkID(pos) + s.ooo.firstOOOChunkID) | oooChunkIDMask
+}
+
+func unpackHeadChunkRef(ref chunks.ChunkRef) (chunks.HeadSeriesRef, chunks.HeadChunkID, bool) {
+	sid, cid := chunks.HeadChunkRef(ref).Unpack()
+	return sid, (cid & (oooChunkIDMask - 1)), (cid & oooChunkIDMask) != 0
 }
 
 // LabelValueFor returns label value for the given label name in the series referred to by ID.
@@ -343,10 +351,15 @@ func (h *headChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chu
 	return chk, nil, err
 }
 
-// ChunkWithCopy returns the chunk for the reference number.
-// If the chunk is the in-memory chunk, then it makes a copy and returns the copied chunk.
-func (h *headChunkReader) ChunkWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, int64, error) {
-	return h.chunk(meta, true)
+type ChunkReaderWithCopy interface {
+	ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, int64, error)
+}
+
+// ChunkOrIterableWithCopy returns the chunk for the reference number.
+// If the chunk is the in-memory chunk, then it makes a copy and returns the copied chunk, plus the max time of the chunk.
+func (h *headChunkReader) ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, int64, error) {
+	chk, maxTime, err := h.chunk(meta, true)
+	return chk, nil, maxTime, err
 }
 
 // chunk returns the chunk for the reference number.
@@ -472,10 +485,11 @@ func (s *memSeries) chunk(id chunks.HeadChunkID, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDi
 // chunks.Meta reference from memory or by m-mapping it from the disk. The
 // returned iterable will be a merge of all the overlapping chunks, if any,
 // amongst all the chunks in the OOOHead.
+// If hr is non-nil then in-order chunks are included.
 // This function is not thread safe unless the caller holds a lock.
 // The caller must ensure that s.ooo is not nil.
-func (s *memSeries) oooMergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, mint, maxt int64, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) (*mergedOOOChunks, error) {
-	_, cid := chunks.HeadChunkRef(meta.Ref).Unpack()
+func (s *memSeries) oooMergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, hr *headChunkReader, mint, maxt int64, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) (*mergedOOOChunks, error) {
+	_, cid, _ := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
 
 	// ix represents the index of chunk in the s.mmappedChunks slice. The chunk meta's are
 	// incremented by 1 when new chunk is created, hence (meta - firstChunkID) gives the slice index.
@@ -516,6 +530,17 @@ func (s *memSeries) oooMergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMappe
 		tmpChks = append(tmpChks, chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{meta: meta})
 	}
 
+	if hr != nil { // Include in-order chunks.
+		var metas []chunks.Meta
+		getSeriesChunks(s, max(meta.MinTime, mint), min(meta.MaxTime, maxt), &metas)
+		for _, m := range metas {
+			tmpChks = append(tmpChks, chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{
+				meta: m,
+				ref:  0, // This tells the loop below it's an in-order head chunk.
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Next we want to sort all the collected chunks by min time so we can find
 	// those that overlap and stop when we know the rest don't.
 	slices.SortFunc(tmpChks, refLessByMinTimeAndMinRef)
@@ -527,9 +552,17 @@ func (s *memSeries) oooMergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMappe
 			continue
 		}
 		var iterable chunkenc.Iterable
-		if c.meta.Chunk != nil {
+		switch {
+		case c.meta.Chunk != nil:
 			iterable = c.meta.Chunk
-		} else {
+		case c.ref == 0: // This is an in-order head chunk.
+			_, cid := chunks.HeadChunkRef(c.meta.Ref).Unpack()
+			var err error
+			iterable, _, err = hr.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, false)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid head chunk: %w", err)
+			}
+		default:
 			chk, err := cdm.Chunk(c.ref)
 			if err != nil {
 				var cerr *chunks.CorruptionErr
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index 892d2c4b6..b7944c56e 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/chunks"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/index"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/tombstones"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/annotations"
 )
 
 var _ IndexReader = &OOOHeadIndexReader{}
@@ -92,10 +93,10 @@ func (oh *OOOHeadIndexReader) series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.Scra
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return getOOOSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, maxMmapRef, chks)
+	return getOOOSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, maxMmapRef, false, chks)
 }
 
-func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef, chks *[]chunks.Meta) error {
+func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef, includeInOrder bool, chks *[]chunks.Meta) error {
 	tmpChks := make([]chunks.Meta, 0, len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks))
 
 	addChunk := func(minT, maxT int64, ref chunks.ChunkRef, chunk chunkenc.Chunk) {
@@ -135,6 +136,10 @@ func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmap
 		}
 	}
 
+	if includeInOrder {
+		getSeriesChunks(s, mint, maxt, &tmpChks)
+	}
+
 	// There is nothing to do if we did not collect any chunk.
 	if len(tmpChks) == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -275,7 +280,7 @@ func (cr OOOHeadChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk,
 		s.Unlock()
 		return nil, nil, storage.ErrNotFound
 	}
-	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
+	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, nil, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
 	s.Unlock()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
@@ -498,3 +503,174 @@ func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) LabelNamesFor(ctx context.Context, posti
 func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) Close() error {
 	return ir.ch.oooIR.Close()
 }
+
+// HeadAndOOOQuerier queries both the head and the out-of-order head.
+type HeadAndOOOQuerier struct {
+	mint, maxt int64
+	head       *Head
+	index      IndexReader
+	chunkr     ChunkReader
+	querier    storage.Querier
+}
+
+func NewHeadAndOOOQuerier(mint, maxt int64, head *Head, oooIsoState *oooIsolationState, querier storage.Querier) storage.Querier {
+	isoState := head.iso.State(mint, maxt)
+	return &HeadAndOOOQuerier{
+		mint:    mint,
+		maxt:    maxt,
+		head:    head,
+		index:   NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(head, mint, maxt, oooIsoState.minRef),
+		chunkr:  NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head, mint, maxt, isoState, oooIsoState, 0),
+		querier: querier,
+	}
+}
+
+func (q *HeadAndOOOQuerier) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, name string, hints *storage.LabelHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	return q.querier.LabelValues(ctx, name, hints, matchers...)
+}
+
+func (q *HeadAndOOOQuerier) LabelNames(ctx context.Context, hints *storage.LabelHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	return q.querier.LabelNames(ctx, hints, matchers...)
+}
+
+func (q *HeadAndOOOQuerier) Close() error {
+	q.chunkr.Close()
+	return q.querier.Close()
+}
+
+func (q *HeadAndOOOQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *storage.SelectHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) storage.SeriesSet {
+	return selectSeriesSet(ctx, sortSeries, hints, matchers, q.index, q.chunkr, q.head.tombstones, q.mint, q.maxt)
+}
+
+// HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier queries both the head and the out-of-order head.
+type HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier struct {
+	mint, maxt int64
+	head       *Head
+	index      IndexReader
+	chunkr     ChunkReader
+	querier    storage.ChunkQuerier
+}
+
+func NewHeadAndOOOChunkQuerier(mint, maxt int64, head *Head, oooIsoState *oooIsolationState, querier storage.ChunkQuerier) storage.ChunkQuerier {
+	isoState := head.iso.State(mint, maxt)
+	return &HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier{
+		mint:    mint,
+		maxt:    maxt,
+		head:    head,
+		index:   NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(head, mint, maxt, oooIsoState.minRef),
+		chunkr:  NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head, mint, maxt, isoState, oooIsoState, 0),
+		querier: querier,
+	}
+}
+
+func (q *HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, name string, hints *storage.LabelHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	return q.querier.LabelValues(ctx, name, hints, matchers...)
+}
+
+func (q *HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier) LabelNames(ctx context.Context, hints *storage.LabelHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	return q.querier.LabelNames(ctx, hints, matchers...)
+}
+
+func (q *HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier) Close() error {
+	q.chunkr.Close()
+	return q.querier.Close()
+}
+
+func (q *HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *storage.SelectHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) storage.ChunkSeriesSet {
+	return selectChunkSeriesSet(ctx, sortSeries, hints, matchers, rangeHeadULID, q.index, q.chunkr, q.head.tombstones, q.mint, q.maxt)
+}
+
+type HeadAndOOOIndexReader struct {
+	*headIndexReader            // A reference to the headIndexReader so we can reuse as many interface implementation as possible.
+	lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
+}
+
+func NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *HeadAndOOOIndexReader {
+	hr := &headIndexReader{
+		head: head,
+		mint: mint,
+		maxt: maxt,
+	}
+	return &HeadAndOOOIndexReader{hr, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef}
+}
+
+func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.ScratchBuilder, chks *[]chunks.Meta) error {
+	s := oh.head.series.getByID(chunks.HeadSeriesRef(ref))
+	if s == nil {
+		oh.head.metrics.seriesNotFound.Inc()
+		return storage.ErrNotFound
+	}
+	builder.Assign(s.lset)
+
+	if chks == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	s.Lock()
+	defer s.Unlock()
+	*chks = (*chks)[:0]
+
+	if s.ooo != nil {
+		return getOOOSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, oh.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, 0, true, chks)
+	}
+	getSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, chks)
+	return nil
+}
+
+type HeadAndOOOChunkReader struct {
+	cr          headChunkReader
+	maxMmapRef  chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
+	oooIsoState *oooIsolationState
+}
+
+func NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, isoState *isolationState, oooIsoState *oooIsolationState, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *HeadAndOOOChunkReader {
+	return &HeadAndOOOChunkReader{
+		cr: headChunkReader{
+			head:     head,
+			mint:     mint,
+			maxt:     maxt,
+			isoState: isoState,
+		},
+		maxMmapRef:  maxMmapRef,
+		oooIsoState: oooIsoState,
+	}
+}
+
+func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, error) {
+	sid, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
+	if !isOOO {
+		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
+	}
+
+	s := cr.cr.head.series.getByID(sid)
+	// This means that the series has been garbage collected.
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil, nil, storage.ErrNotFound
+	}
+
+	s.Lock()
+	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, &cr.cr, cr.cr.mint, cr.cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
+	s.Unlock()
+
+	return nil, mc, err
+}
+
+// Pass through special behaviour for current head chunk.
+func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, int64, error) {
+	_, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
+	if !isOOO {
+		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta)
+	}
+	chk, iter, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
+	return chk, iter, 0, err
+}
+
+func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) Close() error {
+	if cr.cr.isoState != nil {
+		cr.cr.isoState.Close()
+	}
+	if cr.oooIsoState != nil {
+		cr.oooIsoState.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
index 8cc3f1dde..08c5c4a3e 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 						// Ref to whatever Ref the chunk has, that we refer to by ID
 						for ref, c := range intervals {
 							if c.ID == e.ID {
-								meta.Ref = chunks.ChunkRef(chunks.NewHeadChunkRef(chunks.HeadSeriesRef(s1ID), chunks.HeadChunkID(ref)))
+								meta.Ref = chunks.ChunkRef(chunks.NewHeadChunkRef(chunks.HeadSeriesRef(s1ID), s1.oooHeadChunkID(ref)))
 								break
 							}
 						}
diff --git a/tsdb/querier.go b/tsdb/querier.go
index 37456d7e2..2e15f0b08 100644
--- a/tsdb/querier.go
+++ b/tsdb/querier.go
@@ -641,14 +641,16 @@ func (p *populateWithDelGenericSeriesIterator) next(copyHeadChunk bool) bool {
 		}
 	}
 
-	hcr, ok := p.cr.(*headChunkReader)
+	hcr, ok := p.cr.(ChunkReaderWithCopy)
 	var iterable chunkenc.Iterable
 	if ok && copyHeadChunk && len(p.bufIter.Intervals) == 0 {
-		// ChunkWithCopy will copy the head chunk.
+		// ChunkOrIterableWithCopy will copy the head chunk, if it can.
 		var maxt int64
-		p.currMeta.Chunk, maxt, p.err = hcr.ChunkWithCopy(p.currMeta)
-		// For the in-memory head chunk the index reader sets maxt as MaxInt64. We fix it here.
-		p.currMeta.MaxTime = maxt
+		p.currMeta.Chunk, iterable, maxt, p.err = hcr.ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(p.currMeta)
+		if p.currMeta.Chunk != nil {
+			// For the in-memory head chunk the index reader sets maxt as MaxInt64. We fix it here.
+			p.currMeta.MaxTime = maxt
+		}
 	} else {
 		p.currMeta.Chunk, iterable, p.err = p.cr.ChunkOrIterable(p.currMeta)
 	}

From 6529d6336cc277aefef78a595128a65a719e86a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2024 20:07:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 099/180] TSDB: NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader takes headChunkReader

So we can pass nil and have it read just OOO chunks.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index b7944c56e..4be4e9e18 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -514,13 +514,18 @@ type HeadAndOOOQuerier struct {
 }
 
 func NewHeadAndOOOQuerier(mint, maxt int64, head *Head, oooIsoState *oooIsolationState, querier storage.Querier) storage.Querier {
-	isoState := head.iso.State(mint, maxt)
+	cr := &headChunkReader{
+		head:     head,
+		mint:     mint,
+		maxt:     maxt,
+		isoState: head.iso.State(mint, maxt),
+	}
 	return &HeadAndOOOQuerier{
 		mint:    mint,
 		maxt:    maxt,
 		head:    head,
 		index:   NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(head, mint, maxt, oooIsoState.minRef),
-		chunkr:  NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head, mint, maxt, isoState, oooIsoState, 0),
+		chunkr:  NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head, mint, maxt, cr, oooIsoState, 0),
 		querier: querier,
 	}
 }
@@ -552,13 +557,18 @@ type HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier struct {
 }
 
 func NewHeadAndOOOChunkQuerier(mint, maxt int64, head *Head, oooIsoState *oooIsolationState, querier storage.ChunkQuerier) storage.ChunkQuerier {
-	isoState := head.iso.State(mint, maxt)
+	cr := &headChunkReader{
+		head:     head,
+		mint:     mint,
+		maxt:     maxt,
+		isoState: head.iso.State(mint, maxt),
+	}
 	return &HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier{
 		mint:    mint,
 		maxt:    maxt,
 		head:    head,
 		index:   NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(head, mint, maxt, oooIsoState.minRef),
-		chunkr:  NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head, mint, maxt, isoState, oooIsoState, 0),
+		chunkr:  NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head, mint, maxt, cr, oooIsoState, 0),
 		querier: querier,
 	}
 }
@@ -618,19 +628,19 @@ func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.S
 }
 
 type HeadAndOOOChunkReader struct {
-	cr          headChunkReader
+	head        *Head
+	mint, maxt  int64
+	cr          *headChunkReader // If nil, only read OOO chunks.
 	maxMmapRef  chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
 	oooIsoState *oooIsolationState
 }
 
-func NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, isoState *isolationState, oooIsoState *oooIsolationState, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *HeadAndOOOChunkReader {
+func NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, cr *headChunkReader, oooIsoState *oooIsolationState, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *HeadAndOOOChunkReader {
 	return &HeadAndOOOChunkReader{
-		cr: headChunkReader{
-			head:     head,
-			mint:     mint,
-			maxt:     maxt,
-			isoState: isoState,
-		},
+		head:        head,
+		mint:        mint,
+		maxt:        maxt,
+		cr:          cr,
 		maxMmapRef:  maxMmapRef,
 		oooIsoState: oooIsoState,
 	}
@@ -642,14 +652,14 @@ func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chu
 		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
 	}
 
-	s := cr.cr.head.series.getByID(sid)
+	s := cr.head.series.getByID(sid)
 	// This means that the series has been garbage collected.
 	if s == nil {
 		return nil, nil, storage.ErrNotFound
 	}
 
 	s.Lock()
-	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, &cr.cr, cr.cr.mint, cr.cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
+	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, cr.cr, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
 	s.Unlock()
 
 	return nil, mc, err
@@ -666,7 +676,7 @@ func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chun
 }
 
 func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) Close() error {
-	if cr.cr.isoState != nil {
+	if cr.cr != nil && cr.cr.isoState != nil {
 		cr.cr.isoState.Close()
 	}
 	if cr.oooIsoState != nil {

From f26159794434d20c0ec3081d0bd080b37756cc60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2024 20:56:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 100/180] TSDB: Fix up LabelValues to work for OOO-only head

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go      | 14 ++++++++++++++
 tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go | 10 +++++-----
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index 4be4e9e18..f844cfaca 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -627,6 +627,20 @@ func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.S
 	return nil
 }
 
+// LabelValues needs to be overridden from the headIndexReader implementation
+// so we can return labels within either in-order range or ooo range.
+func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, name string, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, error) {
+	if oh.maxt < oh.head.MinTime() && oh.maxt < oh.head.MinOOOTime() || oh.mint > oh.head.MaxTime() && oh.mint > oh.head.MaxOOOTime() {
+		return []string{}, nil
+	}
+
+	if len(matchers) == 0 {
+		return oh.head.postings.LabelValues(ctx, name), nil
+	}
+
+	return labelValuesWithMatchers(ctx, oh, name, matchers...)
+}
+
 type HeadAndOOOChunkReader struct {
 	head        *Head
 	mint, maxt  int64
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
index 08c5c4a3e..b837b9e2f 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
@@ -421,17 +421,17 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_LabelValues(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenari
 			name:       "LabelValues calls with ooo head query range not overlapping out-of-order data",
 			queryMinT:  100,
 			queryMaxT:  100,
-			expValues1: []string{},
-			expValues2: []string{},
-			expValues3: []string{},
-			expValues4: []string{},
+			expValues1: []string{"bar1"},
+			expValues2: nil,
+			expValues3: []string{"bar1", "bar2"},
+			expValues4: []string{"bar1", "bar2"},
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range cases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			// We first want to test using a head index reader that covers the biggest query interval
-			oh := NewOOOHeadIndexReader(head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, 0)
+			oh := NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, 0)
 			matchers := []*labels.Matcher{labels.MustNewMatcher(labels.MatchEqual, "foo", "bar1")}
 			values, err := oh.LabelValues(ctx, "foo", matchers...)
 			sort.Strings(values)

From ce4eac859a3231eadcfb392e3c2d27d243c0e07f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 20:59:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 101/180] Link to specific feature flag entry

Signed-off-by: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
---
 docs/querying/functions.md | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/querying/functions.md b/docs/querying/functions.md
index ee81328b5..bf2701b88 100644
--- a/docs/querying/functions.md
+++ b/docs/querying/functions.md
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ Like `sort`, `sort_desc` only affects the results of instant queries, as range q
 
 ## `sort_by_label()`
 
-**This function has to be enabled via the [feature flag](../feature_flags.md) `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions`.**
+**This function has to be enabled via the [feature flag](../feature_flags.md#experimental-promql-functions) `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions`.**
 
 `sort_by_label(v instant-vector, label string, ...)` returns vector elements sorted by their label values and sample value in case of label values being equal, in ascending order.
 
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ This function uses [natural sort order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_so
 
 ## `sort_by_label_desc()`
 
-**This function has to be enabled via the [feature flag](../feature_flags.md) `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions`.**
+**This function has to be enabled via the [feature flag](../feature_flags.md#experimental-promql-functions) `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions`.**
 
 Same as `sort_by_label`, but sorts in descending order.
 
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ over time and return an instant vector with per-series aggregation results:
 * `last_over_time(range-vector)`: the most recent point value in the specified interval.
 * `present_over_time(range-vector)`: the value 1 for any series in the specified interval.
 
-If the [feature flag](../feature_flags.md)
+If the [feature flag](../feature_flags.md#experimental-promql-functions)
 `--enable-feature=promql-experimental-functions` is set, the following
 additional functions are available:
 

From 0a2ff76881a82bd2751cd3f316494b9ab5621b07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2024 18:17:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 102/180] TSDB tests: Fix up BenchmarkQueries

Was not working even on main.  Some cases still error.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/querier_test.go | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/querier_test.go b/tsdb/querier_test.go
index ffdf8dc02..50525f65f 100644
--- a/tsdb/querier_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/querier_test.go
@@ -3169,12 +3169,11 @@ func BenchmarkQueries(b *testing.B) {
 
 					qHead, err := NewBlockQuerier(NewRangeHead(head, 1, nSamples), 1, nSamples)
 					require.NoError(b, err)
-					qOOOHead, err := NewBlockQuerier(NewOOORangeHead(head, 1, nSamples, 0), 1, nSamples)
-					require.NoError(b, err)
+					isoState := head.oooIso.TrackReadAfter(0)
+					qOOOHead := NewHeadAndOOOQuerier(1, nSamples, head, isoState, qHead)
 
 					queryTypes = append(queryTypes, qt{
-						fmt.Sprintf("_Head_oooPercent:%d", oooPercentage),
-						storage.NewMergeQuerier([]storage.Querier{qHead, qOOOHead}, nil, storage.ChainedSeriesMerge),
+						fmt.Sprintf("_Head_oooPercent:%d", oooPercentage), qOOOHead,
 					})
 				}
 

From e7e50a3afd285136366ebbb0270cce442df3c1b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2024 18:27:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 103/180] TSDB: Remove code for querying OOO-head only

Just query via `HeadAndOOOQuerier`, which will skip series where no
in-order chunks are in range.

Now we don't need `OOORangeHead`.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/db.go       | 45 ++++++++--------------------
 tsdb/ooo_head.go | 78 ------------------------------------------------
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 111 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/db.go b/tsdb/db.go
index bf1893ec0..94c44161d 100644
--- a/tsdb/db.go
+++ b/tsdb/db.go
@@ -2041,8 +2041,9 @@ func (db *DB) Querier(mint, maxt int64) (_ storage.Querier, err error) {
 		}
 	}()
 
+	overlapsOOO := overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime())
 	var headQuerier storage.Querier
-	if maxt >= db.head.MinTime() {
+	if maxt >= db.head.MinTime() || overlapsOOO {
 		rh := NewRangeHead(db.head, mint, maxt)
 		var err error
 		headQuerier, err = db.blockQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
@@ -2069,22 +2070,10 @@ func (db *DB) Querier(mint, maxt int64) (_ storage.Querier, err error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if headQuerier != nil {
-		if overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime()) {
-			// We need to fetch from in-order and out-of-order chunks: wrap the headQuerier.
-			isoState := db.head.oooIso.TrackReadAfter(db.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)
-			headQuerier = NewHeadAndOOOQuerier(mint, maxt, db.head, isoState, headQuerier)
-		}
-	} else if overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime()) {
-		rh := NewOOORangeHead(db.head, mint, maxt, db.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)
-		var err error
-		headQuerier, err = db.blockQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
-		if err != nil {
-			// If BlockQuerierFunc() failed, make sure to clean up the pending read created by NewOOORangeHead.
-			rh.isoState.Close()
-
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("open block querier for ooo head %s: %w", rh, err)
-		}
+	if overlapsOOO {
+		// We need to fetch from in-order and out-of-order chunks: wrap the headQuerier.
+		isoState := db.head.oooIso.TrackReadAfter(db.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)
+		headQuerier = NewHeadAndOOOQuerier(mint, maxt, db.head, isoState, headQuerier)
 	}
 
 	if headQuerier != nil {
@@ -2128,8 +2117,9 @@ func (db *DB) blockChunkQuerierForRange(mint, maxt int64) (_ []storage.ChunkQuer
 		}
 	}()
 
+	overlapsOOO := overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime())
 	var headQuerier storage.ChunkQuerier
-	if maxt >= db.head.MinTime() {
+	if maxt >= db.head.MinTime() || overlapsOOO {
 		rh := NewRangeHead(db.head, mint, maxt)
 		headQuerier, err = db.blockChunkQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -2155,21 +2145,10 @@ func (db *DB) blockChunkQuerierForRange(mint, maxt int64) (_ []storage.ChunkQuer
 		}
 	}
 
-	if headQuerier != nil {
-		if overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime()) {
-			// We need to fetch from in-order and out-of-order chunks: wrap the headQuerier.
-			isoState := db.head.oooIso.TrackReadAfter(db.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)
-			headQuerier = NewHeadAndOOOChunkQuerier(mint, maxt, db.head, isoState, headQuerier)
-		}
-	} else if overlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt, db.head.MinOOOTime(), db.head.MaxOOOTime()) {
-		rh := NewOOORangeHead(db.head, mint, maxt, db.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)
-		headQuerier, err = db.blockChunkQuerierFunc(rh, mint, maxt)
-		if err != nil {
-			// If NewBlockQuerier() failed, make sure to clean up the pending read created by NewOOORangeHead.
-			rh.isoState.Close()
-
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("open block chunk querier for ooo head %s: %w", rh, err)
-		}
+	if overlapsOOO {
+		// We need to fetch from in-order and out-of-order chunks: wrap the headQuerier.
+		isoState := db.head.oooIso.TrackReadAfter(db.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef)
+		headQuerier = NewHeadAndOOOChunkQuerier(mint, maxt, db.head, isoState, headQuerier)
 	}
 
 	if headQuerier != nil {
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head.go b/tsdb/ooo_head.go
index 209b14673..0ed9f3648 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head.go
@@ -14,16 +14,10 @@
 package tsdb
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"sort"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/chunkenc"
-
-	"github.com/oklog/ulid"
-
-	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/chunks"
-	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/tombstones"
 )
 
 // OOOChunk maintains samples in time-ascending order.
@@ -171,75 +165,3 @@ func (o *OOOChunk) ToEncodedChunks(mint, maxt int64) (chks []memChunk, err error
 	}
 	return chks, nil
 }
-
-var _ BlockReader = &OOORangeHead{}
-
-// OOORangeHead allows querying Head out of order samples via BlockReader
-// interface implementation.
-type OOORangeHead struct {
-	head *Head
-	// mint and maxt are tracked because when a query is handled we only want
-	// the timerange of the query and having preexisting pointers to the first
-	// and last timestamp help with that.
-	mint, maxt int64
-
-	isoState *oooIsolationState
-}
-
-func NewOOORangeHead(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, minRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *OOORangeHead {
-	isoState := head.oooIso.TrackReadAfter(minRef)
-
-	return &OOORangeHead{
-		head:     head,
-		mint:     mint,
-		maxt:     maxt,
-		isoState: isoState,
-	}
-}
-
-func (oh *OOORangeHead) Index() (IndexReader, error) {
-	return NewOOOHeadIndexReader(oh.head, oh.mint, oh.maxt, oh.isoState.minRef), nil
-}
-
-func (oh *OOORangeHead) Chunks() (ChunkReader, error) {
-	return NewOOOHeadChunkReader(oh.head, oh.mint, oh.maxt, oh.isoState, 0), nil
-}
-
-func (oh *OOORangeHead) Tombstones() (tombstones.Reader, error) {
-	// As stated in the design doc https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kppm7qL9C-BJB1j6yb6-9ObG3AbdZnFUBYPNNWwDBYM/edit?usp=sharing
-	// Tombstones are not supported for out of order metrics.
-	return tombstones.NewMemTombstones(), nil
-}
-
-var oooRangeHeadULID = ulid.MustParse("0000000000XXXX000RANGEHEAD")
-
-func (oh *OOORangeHead) Meta() BlockMeta {
-	return BlockMeta{
-		MinTime: oh.mint,
-		MaxTime: oh.maxt,
-		ULID:    oooRangeHeadULID,
-		Stats: BlockStats{
-			NumSeries: oh.head.NumSeries(),
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// Size returns the size taken by the Head block.
-func (oh *OOORangeHead) Size() int64 {
-	return oh.head.Size()
-}
-
-// String returns an human readable representation of the out of order range
-// head. It's important to keep this function in order to avoid the struct dump
-// when the head is stringified in errors or logs.
-func (oh *OOORangeHead) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("ooo range head (mint: %d, maxt: %d)", oh.MinTime(), oh.MaxTime())
-}
-
-func (oh *OOORangeHead) MinTime() int64 {
-	return oh.mint
-}
-
-func (oh *OOORangeHead) MaxTime() int64 {
-	return oh.maxt
-}

From a299c7b6d61cbbfc898962acb3e88430bd7e048e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2024 20:10:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 104/180] TSDB: Remove OOOHeadChunkReader

Use HeadAndOOOChunkReader instead.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go      | 55 +-------------------------------------
 tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go |  8 +++---
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index f844cfaca..01ba12986 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -248,59 +248,6 @@ func (oh *OOOHeadIndexReader) Postings(ctx context.Context, name string, values
 	}
 }
 
-type OOOHeadChunkReader struct {
-	head       *Head
-	mint, maxt int64
-	isoState   *oooIsolationState
-	maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
-}
-
-func NewOOOHeadChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, isoState *oooIsolationState, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *OOOHeadChunkReader {
-	return &OOOHeadChunkReader{
-		head:       head,
-		mint:       mint,
-		maxt:       maxt,
-		isoState:   isoState,
-		maxMmapRef: maxMmapRef,
-	}
-}
-
-func (cr OOOHeadChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, error) {
-	sid, _ := chunks.HeadChunkRef(meta.Ref).Unpack()
-
-	s := cr.head.series.getByID(sid)
-	// This means that the series has been garbage collected.
-	if s == nil {
-		return nil, nil, storage.ErrNotFound
-	}
-
-	s.Lock()
-	if s.ooo == nil {
-		// There is no OOO data for this series.
-		s.Unlock()
-		return nil, nil, storage.ErrNotFound
-	}
-	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, nil, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
-	s.Unlock()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	// This means that the query range did not overlap with the requested chunk.
-	if len(mc.chunkIterables) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil, storage.ErrNotFound
-	}
-
-	return nil, mc, nil
-}
-
-func (cr OOOHeadChunkReader) Close() error {
-	if cr.isoState != nil {
-		cr.isoState.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 type OOOCompactionHead struct {
 	oooIR       *OOOHeadIndexReader
 	lastMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
@@ -397,7 +344,7 @@ func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) Index() (IndexReader, error) {
 }
 
 func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) Chunks() (ChunkReader, error) {
-	return NewOOOHeadChunkReader(ch.oooIR.head, ch.oooIR.mint, ch.oooIR.maxt, nil, ch.lastMmapRef), nil
+	return NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(ch.oooIR.head, ch.oooIR.mint, ch.oooIR.maxt, nil, nil, ch.lastMmapRef), nil
 }
 
 func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) Tombstones() (tombstones.Reader, error) {
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
index b837b9e2f..c0b130ffb 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
@@ -481,10 +481,10 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	t.Run("Getting a non existing chunk fails with not found error", func(t *testing.T) {
 		db := newTestDBWithOpts(t, opts)
 
-		cr := NewOOOHeadChunkReader(db.head, 0, 1000, nil, 0)
+		cr := NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(db.head, 0, 1000, nil, nil, 0)
 		defer cr.Close()
 		c, iterable, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(chunks.Meta{
-			Ref: 0x1000000, Chunk: chunkenc.Chunk(nil), MinTime: 100, MaxTime: 300,
+			Ref: 0x1800000, Chunk: chunkenc.Chunk(nil), MinTime: 100, MaxTime: 300,
 		})
 		require.Nil(t, iterable)
 		require.Equal(t, err, fmt.Errorf("not found"))
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.Equal(t, len(tc.expChunksSamples), len(chks))
 
-			cr := NewOOOHeadChunkReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, nil, 0)
+			cr := NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, nil, nil, 0)
 			defer cr.Close()
 			for i := 0; i < len(chks); i++ {
 				c, iterable, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(chks[i])
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk_ConsistentQueryResponseDespiteOfHeadExpanding(
 			}
 			require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
 
-			cr := NewOOOHeadChunkReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, nil, 0)
+			cr := NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, nil, nil, 0)
 			defer cr.Close()
 			for i := 0; i < len(chks); i++ {
 				c, iterable, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(chks[i])

From 26b3de04387b38fc633ba2ce0931fdf65059086d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2024 13:56:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 105/180] TSDB: Remove OOOHeadIndexReader

Use headIndexReader instead.

OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader needs to be expanded slightly, because it previously delegated to OOOHeadIndexReader.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go      | 127 ++++++++++---------------------------
 tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go |   6 +-
 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 98 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index 01ba12986..aad1d2fa8 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -30,19 +30,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/annotations"
 )
 
-var _ IndexReader = &OOOHeadIndexReader{}
-
-// OOOHeadIndexReader implements IndexReader so ooo samples in the head can be
-// accessed.
-// It also has a reference to headIndexReader so we can leverage on its
-// IndexReader implementation for all the methods that remain the same. We
-// decided to do this to avoid code duplication.
-// The only methods that change are the ones about getting Series and Postings.
-type OOOHeadIndexReader struct {
-	*headIndexReader            // A reference to the headIndexReader so we can reuse as many interface implementation as possible.
-	lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
-}
-
 var _ chunkenc.Iterable = &mergedOOOChunks{}
 
 // mergedOOOChunks holds the list of iterables for overlapping chunks.
@@ -54,48 +41,11 @@ func (o mergedOOOChunks) Iterator(iterator chunkenc.Iterator) chunkenc.Iterator
 	return storage.ChainSampleIteratorFromIterables(iterator, o.chunkIterables)
 }
 
-func NewOOOHeadIndexReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *OOOHeadIndexReader {
-	hr := &headIndexReader{
-		head: head,
-		mint: mint,
-		maxt: maxt,
-	}
-	return &OOOHeadIndexReader{hr, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef}
-}
-
-func (oh *OOOHeadIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.ScratchBuilder, chks *[]chunks.Meta) error {
-	return oh.series(ref, builder, chks, oh.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, 0)
-}
-
 // lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef gives the last mmap chunk that may be being garbage collected and so
 // any chunk at or before this ref will not be considered. 0 disables this check.
 //
 // maxMmapRef tells upto what max m-map chunk that we can consider. If it is non-0, then
 // the oooHeadChunk will not be considered.
-func (oh *OOOHeadIndexReader) series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.ScratchBuilder, chks *[]chunks.Meta, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) error {
-	s := oh.head.series.getByID(chunks.HeadSeriesRef(ref))
-
-	if s == nil {
-		oh.head.metrics.seriesNotFound.Inc()
-		return storage.ErrNotFound
-	}
-	builder.Assign(s.labels())
-
-	if chks == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	s.Lock()
-	defer s.Unlock()
-	*chks = (*chks)[:0]
-
-	if s.ooo == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return getOOOSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, maxMmapRef, false, chks)
-}
-
 func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef, includeInOrder bool, chks *[]chunks.Meta) error {
 	tmpChks := make([]chunks.Meta, 0, len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks))
 
@@ -176,21 +126,6 @@ func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmap
 	return nil
 }
 
-// LabelValues needs to be overridden from the headIndexReader implementation due
-// to the check that happens at the beginning where we make sure that the query
-// interval overlaps with the head minooot and maxooot.
-func (oh *OOOHeadIndexReader) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, name string, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, error) {
-	if oh.maxt < oh.head.MinOOOTime() || oh.mint > oh.head.MaxOOOTime() {
-		return []string{}, nil
-	}
-
-	if len(matchers) == 0 {
-		return oh.head.postings.LabelValues(ctx, name), nil
-	}
-
-	return labelValuesWithMatchers(ctx, oh, name, matchers...)
-}
-
 type chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef struct {
 	meta chunks.Meta
 	ref  chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
@@ -232,24 +167,8 @@ func lessByMinTimeAndMinRef(a, b chunks.Meta) int {
 	}
 }
 
-func (oh *OOOHeadIndexReader) Postings(ctx context.Context, name string, values ...string) (index.Postings, error) {
-	switch len(values) {
-	case 0:
-		return index.EmptyPostings(), nil
-	case 1:
-		return oh.head.postings.Get(name, values[0]), nil // TODO(ganesh) Also call GetOOOPostings
-	default:
-		// TODO(ganesh) We want to only return postings for out of order series.
-		res := make([]index.Postings, 0, len(values))
-		for _, value := range values {
-			res = append(res, oh.head.postings.Get(name, value)) // TODO(ganesh) Also call GetOOOPostings
-		}
-		return index.Merge(ctx, res...), nil
-	}
-}
-
 type OOOCompactionHead struct {
-	oooIR       *OOOHeadIndexReader
+	head        *Head
 	lastMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
 	lastWBLFile int
 	postings    []storage.SeriesRef
@@ -266,6 +185,7 @@ type OOOCompactionHead struct {
 // on the sample append latency. So call NewOOOCompactionHead only right before compaction.
 func NewOOOCompactionHead(ctx context.Context, head *Head) (*OOOCompactionHead, error) {
 	ch := &OOOCompactionHead{
+		head:       head,
 		chunkRange: head.chunkRange.Load(),
 		mint:       math.MaxInt64,
 		maxt:       math.MinInt64,
@@ -279,15 +199,14 @@ func NewOOOCompactionHead(ctx context.Context, head *Head) (*OOOCompactionHead,
 		ch.lastWBLFile = lastWBLFile
 	}
 
-	ch.oooIR = NewOOOHeadIndexReader(head, math.MinInt64, math.MaxInt64, 0)
+	hr := headIndexReader{head: head, mint: ch.mint, maxt: ch.maxt}
 	n, v := index.AllPostingsKey()
-
-	// TODO: verify this gets only ooo samples.
-	p, err := ch.oooIR.Postings(ctx, n, v)
+	// TODO: filter to series with OOO samples, before sorting.
+	p, err := hr.Postings(ctx, n, v)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	p = ch.oooIR.SortedPostings(p)
+	p = hr.SortedPostings(p)
 
 	var lastSeq, lastOff int
 	for p.Next() {
@@ -344,7 +263,7 @@ func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) Index() (IndexReader, error) {
 }
 
 func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) Chunks() (ChunkReader, error) {
-	return NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(ch.oooIR.head, ch.oooIR.mint, ch.oooIR.maxt, nil, nil, ch.lastMmapRef), nil
+	return NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(ch.head, ch.mint, ch.maxt, nil, nil, ch.lastMmapRef), nil
 }
 
 func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) Tombstones() (tombstones.Reader, error) {
@@ -370,12 +289,12 @@ func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) Meta() BlockMeta {
 // Only the method of BlockReader interface are valid for the cloned OOOCompactionHead.
 func (ch *OOOCompactionHead) CloneForTimeRange(mint, maxt int64) *OOOCompactionHead {
 	return &OOOCompactionHead{
-		oooIR:       NewOOOHeadIndexReader(ch.oooIR.head, mint, maxt, 0),
+		head:        ch.head,
 		lastMmapRef: ch.lastMmapRef,
 		postings:    ch.postings,
 		chunkRange:  ch.chunkRange,
-		mint:        ch.mint,
-		maxt:        ch.maxt,
+		mint:        mint,
+		maxt:        maxt,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -395,7 +314,8 @@ func NewOOOCompactionHeadIndexReader(ch *OOOCompactionHead) IndexReader {
 }
 
 func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) Symbols() index.StringIter {
-	return ir.ch.oooIR.Symbols()
+	hr := headIndexReader{head: ir.ch.head, mint: ir.ch.mint, maxt: ir.ch.maxt}
+	return hr.Symbols()
 }
 
 func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) Postings(_ context.Context, name string, values ...string) (index.Postings, error) {
@@ -416,11 +336,28 @@ func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) SortedPostings(p index.Postings) index.P
 }
 
 func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) ShardedPostings(p index.Postings, shardIndex, shardCount uint64) index.Postings {
-	return ir.ch.oooIR.ShardedPostings(p, shardIndex, shardCount)
+	hr := headIndexReader{head: ir.ch.head, mint: ir.ch.mint, maxt: ir.ch.maxt}
+	return hr.ShardedPostings(p, shardIndex, shardCount)
 }
 
 func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.ScratchBuilder, chks *[]chunks.Meta) error {
-	return ir.ch.oooIR.series(ref, builder, chks, 0, ir.ch.lastMmapRef)
+	s := ir.ch.head.series.getByID(chunks.HeadSeriesRef(ref))
+
+	if s == nil {
+		ir.ch.head.metrics.seriesNotFound.Inc()
+		return storage.ErrNotFound
+	}
+	builder.Assign(s.lset)
+
+	s.Lock()
+	defer s.Unlock()
+	*chks = (*chks)[:0]
+
+	if s.ooo == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return getOOOSeriesChunks(s, ir.ch.mint, ir.ch.maxt, 0, ir.ch.lastMmapRef, false, chks)
 }
 
 func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) SortedLabelValues(_ context.Context, name string, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, error) {
@@ -448,7 +385,7 @@ func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) LabelNamesFor(ctx context.Context, posti
 }
 
 func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) Close() error {
-	return ir.ch.oooIR.Close()
+	return nil
 }
 
 // HeadAndOOOQuerier queries both the head and the out-of-order head.
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
index c0b130ffb..f71d49732 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 						})
 					}
 
-					ir := NewOOOHeadIndexReader(h, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, 0)
+					ir := NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(h, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, 0)
 
 					var chks []chunks.Meta
 					var b labels.ScratchBuilder
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 
 			// The Series method populates the chunk metas, taking a copy of the
 			// head OOO chunk if necessary. These are then used by the ChunkReader.
-			ir := NewOOOHeadIndexReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, 0)
+			ir := NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, 0)
 			var chks []chunks.Meta
 			var b labels.ScratchBuilder
 			err = ir.Series(s1Ref, &b, &chks)
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk_ConsistentQueryResponseDespiteOfHeadExpanding(
 
 			// The Series method populates the chunk metas, taking a copy of the
 			// head OOO chunk if necessary. These are then used by the ChunkReader.
-			ir := NewOOOHeadIndexReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, 0)
+			ir := NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(db.head, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, 0)
 			var chks []chunks.Meta
 			var b labels.ScratchBuilder
 			err = ir.Series(s1Ref, &b, &chks)

From e95607b2765bf9b0492342d08b07c3b5e31089bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2024 14:18:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 106/180] TSDB: Lock round access to labels, where necessary

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index aad1d2fa8..e1881aef8 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ func (ir *OOOCompactionHeadIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *l
 		ir.ch.head.metrics.seriesNotFound.Inc()
 		return storage.ErrNotFound
 	}
-	builder.Assign(s.lset)
+	builder.Assign(s.labels())
 
 	s.Lock()
 	defer s.Unlock()
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.S
 		oh.head.metrics.seriesNotFound.Inc()
 		return storage.ErrNotFound
 	}
-	builder.Assign(s.lset)
+	builder.Assign(s.labels())
 
 	if chks == nil {
 		return nil

From 7ffd3ca2807326b76d1c2c19dc769163a9280eed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2024 14:20:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 107/180] TSDB: Cosmetic: move HeadAndOOO implementations where
 old code was

This makes the diffs easier to follow.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go | 221 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 112 insertions(+), 109 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index e1881aef8..aaaa24963 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -30,6 +30,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/annotations"
 )
 
+var _ IndexReader = &HeadAndOOOIndexReader{}
+
+type HeadAndOOOIndexReader struct {
+	*headIndexReader            // A reference to the headIndexReader so we can reuse as many interface implementation as possible.
+	lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
+}
+
 var _ chunkenc.Iterable = &mergedOOOChunks{}
 
 // mergedOOOChunks holds the list of iterables for overlapping chunks.
@@ -41,6 +48,39 @@ func (o mergedOOOChunks) Iterator(iterator chunkenc.Iterator) chunkenc.Iterator
 	return storage.ChainSampleIteratorFromIterables(iterator, o.chunkIterables)
 }
 
+func NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *HeadAndOOOIndexReader {
+	hr := &headIndexReader{
+		head: head,
+		mint: mint,
+		maxt: maxt,
+	}
+	return &HeadAndOOOIndexReader{hr, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef}
+}
+
+func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.ScratchBuilder, chks *[]chunks.Meta) error {
+	s := oh.head.series.getByID(chunks.HeadSeriesRef(ref))
+
+	if s == nil {
+		oh.head.metrics.seriesNotFound.Inc()
+		return storage.ErrNotFound
+	}
+	builder.Assign(s.labels())
+
+	if chks == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	s.Lock()
+	defer s.Unlock()
+	*chks = (*chks)[:0]
+
+	if s.ooo != nil {
+		return getOOOSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, oh.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, 0, true, chks)
+	}
+	getSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, chks)
+	return nil
+}
+
 // lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef gives the last mmap chunk that may be being garbage collected and so
 // any chunk at or before this ref will not be considered. 0 disables this check.
 //
@@ -126,6 +166,20 @@ func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmap
 	return nil
 }
 
+// LabelValues needs to be overridden from the headIndexReader implementation
+// so we can return labels within either in-order range or ooo range.
+func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, name string, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, error) {
+	if oh.maxt < oh.head.MinTime() && oh.maxt < oh.head.MinOOOTime() || oh.mint > oh.head.MaxTime() && oh.mint > oh.head.MaxOOOTime() {
+		return []string{}, nil
+	}
+
+	if len(matchers) == 0 {
+		return oh.head.postings.LabelValues(ctx, name), nil
+	}
+
+	return labelValuesWithMatchers(ctx, oh, name, matchers...)
+}
+
 type chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef struct {
 	meta chunks.Meta
 	ref  chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
@@ -167,6 +221,64 @@ func lessByMinTimeAndMinRef(a, b chunks.Meta) int {
 	}
 }
 
+type HeadAndOOOChunkReader struct {
+	head        *Head
+	mint, maxt  int64
+	cr          *headChunkReader // If nil, only read OOO chunks.
+	maxMmapRef  chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
+	oooIsoState *oooIsolationState
+}
+
+func NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, cr *headChunkReader, oooIsoState *oooIsolationState, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *HeadAndOOOChunkReader {
+	return &HeadAndOOOChunkReader{
+		head:        head,
+		mint:        mint,
+		maxt:        maxt,
+		cr:          cr,
+		maxMmapRef:  maxMmapRef,
+		oooIsoState: oooIsoState,
+	}
+}
+
+func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, error) {
+	sid, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
+	if !isOOO {
+		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
+	}
+
+	s := cr.head.series.getByID(sid)
+	// This means that the series has been garbage collected.
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil, nil, storage.ErrNotFound
+	}
+
+	s.Lock()
+	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, cr.cr, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
+	s.Unlock()
+
+	return nil, mc, err
+}
+
+// Pass through special behaviour for current head chunk.
+func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, int64, error) {
+	_, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
+	if !isOOO {
+		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta)
+	}
+	chk, iter, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
+	return chk, iter, 0, err
+}
+
+func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) Close() error {
+	if cr.cr != nil && cr.cr.isoState != nil {
+		cr.cr.isoState.Close()
+	}
+	if cr.oooIsoState != nil {
+		cr.oooIsoState.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type OOOCompactionHead struct {
 	head        *Head
 	lastMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
@@ -473,112 +585,3 @@ func (q *HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier) Close() error {
 func (q *HeadAndOOOChunkQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *storage.SelectHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) storage.ChunkSeriesSet {
 	return selectChunkSeriesSet(ctx, sortSeries, hints, matchers, rangeHeadULID, q.index, q.chunkr, q.head.tombstones, q.mint, q.maxt)
 }
-
-type HeadAndOOOIndexReader struct {
-	*headIndexReader            // A reference to the headIndexReader so we can reuse as many interface implementation as possible.
-	lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
-}
-
-func NewHeadAndOOOIndexReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *HeadAndOOOIndexReader {
-	hr := &headIndexReader{
-		head: head,
-		mint: mint,
-		maxt: maxt,
-	}
-	return &HeadAndOOOIndexReader{hr, lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef}
-}
-
-func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.ScratchBuilder, chks *[]chunks.Meta) error {
-	s := oh.head.series.getByID(chunks.HeadSeriesRef(ref))
-	if s == nil {
-		oh.head.metrics.seriesNotFound.Inc()
-		return storage.ErrNotFound
-	}
-	builder.Assign(s.labels())
-
-	if chks == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	s.Lock()
-	defer s.Unlock()
-	*chks = (*chks)[:0]
-
-	if s.ooo != nil {
-		return getOOOSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, oh.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, 0, true, chks)
-	}
-	getSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, chks)
-	return nil
-}
-
-// LabelValues needs to be overridden from the headIndexReader implementation
-// so we can return labels within either in-order range or ooo range.
-func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, name string, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, error) {
-	if oh.maxt < oh.head.MinTime() && oh.maxt < oh.head.MinOOOTime() || oh.mint > oh.head.MaxTime() && oh.mint > oh.head.MaxOOOTime() {
-		return []string{}, nil
-	}
-
-	if len(matchers) == 0 {
-		return oh.head.postings.LabelValues(ctx, name), nil
-	}
-
-	return labelValuesWithMatchers(ctx, oh, name, matchers...)
-}
-
-type HeadAndOOOChunkReader struct {
-	head        *Head
-	mint, maxt  int64
-	cr          *headChunkReader // If nil, only read OOO chunks.
-	maxMmapRef  chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
-	oooIsoState *oooIsolationState
-}
-
-func NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, cr *headChunkReader, oooIsoState *oooIsolationState, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) *HeadAndOOOChunkReader {
-	return &HeadAndOOOChunkReader{
-		head:        head,
-		mint:        mint,
-		maxt:        maxt,
-		cr:          cr,
-		maxMmapRef:  maxMmapRef,
-		oooIsoState: oooIsoState,
-	}
-}
-
-func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, error) {
-	sid, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
-	if !isOOO {
-		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
-	}
-
-	s := cr.head.series.getByID(sid)
-	// This means that the series has been garbage collected.
-	if s == nil {
-		return nil, nil, storage.ErrNotFound
-	}
-
-	s.Lock()
-	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, cr.cr, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
-	s.Unlock()
-
-	return nil, mc, err
-}
-
-// Pass through special behaviour for current head chunk.
-func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, int64, error) {
-	_, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
-	if !isOOO {
-		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta)
-	}
-	chk, iter, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
-	return chk, iter, 0, err
-}
-
-func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) Close() error {
-	if cr.cr != nil && cr.cr.isoState != nil {
-		cr.cr.isoState.Close()
-	}
-	if cr.oooIsoState != nil {
-		cr.oooIsoState.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
-}

From 9135da1e4f24850008493c3b27f866123c761bdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 17:14:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 108/180] TSDB: Review feedback

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>

* Re-enable check in `createHeadWithOOOSamples` which wasn't really broken.
* Move code making `Block` into a `Queryable` into test file.
* Make `getSeriesChunks` return a slice (renamed `appendSeriesChunks`).
* Rename `oooMergedChunks` to `mergedChunks`.
* Improve comment on `ChunkOrIterableWithCopy`.
* Name return values from unpackHeadChunkRef.

Co-authored-by: Oleg Zaytsev <mail@olegzaytsev.com>
Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/block.go              |  5 -----
 tsdb/head_read.go          | 19 +++++++++----------
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go      |  9 +++++----
 tsdb/querier_bench_test.go |  9 ++++++++-
 4 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/block.go b/tsdb/block.go
index c55e22ce5..2f32733f8 100644
--- a/tsdb/block.go
+++ b/tsdb/block.go
@@ -467,11 +467,6 @@ func (pb *Block) setCompactionFailed() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Querier implements Queryable.
-func (pb *Block) Querier(mint, maxt int64) (storage.Querier, error) {
-	return NewBlockQuerier(pb, mint, maxt)
-}
-
 type blockIndexReader struct {
 	ir IndexReader
 	b  *Block
diff --git a/tsdb/head_read.go b/tsdb/head_read.go
index 977d6b978..47f12df99 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_read.go
@@ -199,19 +199,18 @@ func (h *headIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.ScratchB
 	defer s.Unlock()
 
 	*chks = (*chks)[:0]
-
-	getSeriesChunks(s, h.mint, h.maxt, chks)
+	*chks = appendSeriesChunks(s, h.mint, h.maxt, *chks)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func getSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, chks *[]chunks.Meta) {
+func appendSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, chks []chunks.Meta) []chunks.Meta {
 	for i, c := range s.mmappedChunks {
 		// Do not expose chunks that are outside of the specified range.
 		if !c.OverlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt) {
 			continue
 		}
-		*chks = append(*chks, chunks.Meta{
+		chks = append(chks, chunks.Meta{
 			MinTime: c.minTime,
 			MaxTime: c.maxTime,
 			Ref:     chunks.ChunkRef(chunks.NewHeadChunkRef(s.ref, s.headChunkID(i))),
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ func getSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, chks *[]chunks.Meta) {
 				maxTime = chk.maxTime
 			}
 			if chk.OverlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt) {
-				*chks = append(*chks, chunks.Meta{
+				chks = append(chks, chunks.Meta{
 					MinTime: chk.minTime,
 					MaxTime: maxTime,
 					Ref:     chunks.ChunkRef(chunks.NewHeadChunkRef(s.ref, s.headChunkID(len(s.mmappedChunks)+j))),
@@ -239,6 +238,7 @@ func getSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, chks *[]chunks.Meta) {
 			j++
 		}
 	}
+	return chks
 }
 
 // headChunkID returns the HeadChunkID referred to by the given position.
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ func (s *memSeries) oooHeadChunkID(pos int) chunks.HeadChunkID {
 	return (chunks.HeadChunkID(pos) + s.ooo.firstOOOChunkID) | oooChunkIDMask
 }
 
-func unpackHeadChunkRef(ref chunks.ChunkRef) (chunks.HeadSeriesRef, chunks.HeadChunkID, bool) {
+func unpackHeadChunkRef(ref chunks.ChunkRef) (seriesID chunks.HeadSeriesRef, chunkID chunks.HeadChunkID, isOOO bool) {
 	sid, cid := chunks.HeadChunkRef(ref).Unpack()
 	return sid, (cid & (oooChunkIDMask - 1)), (cid & oooChunkIDMask) != 0
 }
@@ -481,14 +481,14 @@ func (s *memSeries) chunk(id chunks.HeadChunkID, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDi
 	return elem, true, offset == 0, nil
 }
 
-// oooMergedChunks return an iterable over one or more OOO chunks for the given
+// mergedChunks return an iterable over one or more OOO chunks for the given
 // chunks.Meta reference from memory or by m-mapping it from the disk. The
 // returned iterable will be a merge of all the overlapping chunks, if any,
 // amongst all the chunks in the OOOHead.
 // If hr is non-nil then in-order chunks are included.
 // This function is not thread safe unless the caller holds a lock.
 // The caller must ensure that s.ooo is not nil.
-func (s *memSeries) oooMergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, hr *headChunkReader, mint, maxt int64, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) (*mergedOOOChunks, error) {
+func (s *memSeries) mergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, hr *headChunkReader, mint, maxt int64, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) (chunkenc.Iterable, error) {
 	_, cid, _ := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
 
 	// ix represents the index of chunk in the s.mmappedChunks slice. The chunk meta's are
@@ -531,8 +531,7 @@ func (s *memSeries) oooMergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMappe
 	}
 
 	if hr != nil { // Include in-order chunks.
-		var metas []chunks.Meta
-		getSeriesChunks(s, max(meta.MinTime, mint), min(meta.MaxTime, maxt), &metas)
+		metas := appendSeriesChunks(s, max(meta.MinTime, mint), min(meta.MaxTime, maxt), nil)
 		for _, m := range metas {
 			tmpChks = append(tmpChks, chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{
 				meta: m,
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index aaaa24963..47e2efb86 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) Series(ref storage.SeriesRef, builder *labels.S
 	if s.ooo != nil {
 		return getOOOSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, oh.lastGarbageCollectedMmapRef, 0, true, chks)
 	}
-	getSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, chks)
+	*chks = appendSeriesChunks(s, oh.mint, oh.maxt, *chks)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmap
 	}
 
 	if includeInOrder {
-		getSeriesChunks(s, mint, maxt, &tmpChks)
+		tmpChks = appendSeriesChunks(s, mint, maxt, tmpChks)
 	}
 
 	// There is nothing to do if we did not collect any chunk.
@@ -253,13 +253,14 @@ func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chu
 	}
 
 	s.Lock()
-	mc, err := s.oooMergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, cr.cr, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
+	mc, err := s.mergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, cr.cr, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
 	s.Unlock()
 
 	return nil, mc, err
 }
 
-// Pass through special behaviour for current head chunk.
+// ChunkOrIterableWithCopy: implements ChunkReaderWithCopy. The special Copy behaviour
+// is only implemented for the in-order head chunk.
 func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, int64, error) {
 	_, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
 	if !isOOO {
diff --git a/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go b/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go
index e3e457d07..43accc253 100644
--- a/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/querier_bench_test.go
@@ -321,10 +321,17 @@ func BenchmarkQuerierSelect(b *testing.B) {
 			require.NoError(b, block.Close())
 		}()
 
-		benchmarkSelect(b, block, numSeries, false)
+		benchmarkSelect(b, (*queryableBlock)(block), numSeries, false)
 	})
 }
 
+// Type wrapper to let a Block be a Queryable in benchmarkSelect().
+type queryableBlock Block
+
+func (pb *queryableBlock) Querier(mint, maxt int64) (storage.Querier, error) {
+	return NewBlockQuerier((*Block)(pb), mint, maxt)
+}
+
 func BenchmarkQuerierSelectWithOutOfOrder(b *testing.B) {
 	numSeries := 1000000
 	_, db := createHeadForBenchmarkSelect(b, numSeries, func(app storage.Appender, i int) {

From 512c67ec26e764e7adb4d2746ecf71d2222701f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 18:49:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 109/180] TSDB: Never go over maximum number of OOO chunks

In `mmapCurrentOOOHeadChunk`, check if the number is at the maximum and
drop the data with an error log. This is not expected to happen as the
maximum is over 8 million; that's 8 years of 1 sample every second.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/head_append.go   | 20 +++++++++++++-------
 tsdb/head_wal.go      |  2 +-
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/head_append.go b/tsdb/head_append.go
index 59681b8da..b66ac7278 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_append.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_append.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 
+	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/go-kit/log/level"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/exemplar"
@@ -936,7 +937,7 @@ func (a *headAppender) Commit() (err error) {
 			// Sample is OOO and OOO handling is enabled
 			// and the delta is within the OOO tolerance.
 			var mmapRefs []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
-			ok, chunkCreated, mmapRefs = series.insert(s.T, s.V, nil, nil, a.head.chunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax)
+			ok, chunkCreated, mmapRefs = series.insert(s.T, s.V, nil, nil, a.head.chunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax, a.head.logger)
 			if chunkCreated {
 				r, ok := oooMmapMarkers[series.ref]
 				if !ok || r != nil {
@@ -1083,14 +1084,14 @@ func (a *headAppender) Commit() (err error) {
 }
 
 // insert is like append, except it inserts. Used for OOO samples.
-func (s *memSeries) insert(t int64, v float64, h *histogram.Histogram, fh *histogram.FloatHistogram, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax int64) (inserted, chunkCreated bool, mmapRefs []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) {
+func (s *memSeries) insert(t int64, v float64, h *histogram.Histogram, fh *histogram.FloatHistogram, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax int64, logger log.Logger) (inserted, chunkCreated bool, mmapRefs []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) {
 	if s.ooo == nil {
 		s.ooo = &memSeriesOOOFields{}
 	}
 	c := s.ooo.oooHeadChunk
 	if c == nil || c.chunk.NumSamples() == int(oooCapMax) {
 		// Note: If no new samples come in then we rely on compaction to clean up stale in-memory OOO chunks.
-		c, mmapRefs = s.cutNewOOOHeadChunk(t, chunkDiskMapper)
+		c, mmapRefs = s.cutNewOOOHeadChunk(t, chunkDiskMapper, logger)
 		chunkCreated = true
 	}
 
@@ -1444,9 +1445,9 @@ func (s *memSeries) cutNewHeadChunk(mint int64, e chunkenc.Encoding, chunkRange
 }
 
 // cutNewOOOHeadChunk cuts a new OOO chunk and m-maps the old chunk.
-// The caller must ensure that s.ooo is not nil.
-func (s *memSeries) cutNewOOOHeadChunk(mint int64, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper) (*oooHeadChunk, []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) {
-	ref := s.mmapCurrentOOOHeadChunk(chunkDiskMapper)
+// The caller must ensure that s is locked and s.ooo is not nil.
+func (s *memSeries) cutNewOOOHeadChunk(mint int64, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, logger log.Logger) (*oooHeadChunk, []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) {
+	ref := s.mmapCurrentOOOHeadChunk(chunkDiskMapper, logger)
 
 	s.ooo.oooHeadChunk = &oooHeadChunk{
 		chunk:   NewOOOChunk(),
@@ -1457,7 +1458,8 @@ func (s *memSeries) cutNewOOOHeadChunk(mint int64, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.Chunk
 	return s.ooo.oooHeadChunk, ref
 }
 
-func (s *memSeries) mmapCurrentOOOHeadChunk(chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper) []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef {
+// s must be locked when calling.
+func (s *memSeries) mmapCurrentOOOHeadChunk(chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, logger log.Logger) []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef {
 	if s.ooo == nil || s.ooo.oooHeadChunk == nil {
 		// OOO is not enabled or there is no head chunk, so nothing to m-map here.
 		return nil
@@ -1469,6 +1471,10 @@ func (s *memSeries) mmapCurrentOOOHeadChunk(chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDiskMap
 	}
 	chunkRefs := make([]chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef, 0, 1)
 	for _, memchunk := range chks {
+		if len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks) >= (oooChunkIDMask - 1) {
+			level.Error(logger).Log("msg", "Too many OOO chunks, dropping data", "series", s.lset.String())
+			break
+		}
 		chunkRef := chunkDiskMapper.WriteChunk(s.ref, s.ooo.oooHeadChunk.minTime, s.ooo.oooHeadChunk.maxTime, memchunk.chunk, true, handleChunkWriteError)
 		chunkRefs = append(chunkRefs, chunkRef)
 		s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks = append(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks, &mmappedChunk{
diff --git a/tsdb/head_wal.go b/tsdb/head_wal.go
index 85b0c656d..7397bbf41 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_wal.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_wal.go
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ func (wp *wblSubsetProcessor) processWBLSamples(h *Head) (unknownRefs uint64) {
 				unknownRefs++
 				continue
 			}
-			ok, chunkCreated, _ := ms.insert(s.T, s.V, nil, nil, h.chunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax)
+			ok, chunkCreated, _ := ms.insert(s.T, s.V, nil, nil, h.chunkDiskMapper, oooCapMax, h.logger)
 			if chunkCreated {
 				h.metrics.chunksCreated.Inc()
 				h.metrics.chunks.Inc()
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index 47e2efb86..55e241fd9 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ func NewOOOCompactionHead(ctx context.Context, head *Head) (*OOOCompactionHead,
 		}
 
 		var lastMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
-		mmapRefs := ms.mmapCurrentOOOHeadChunk(head.chunkDiskMapper)
+		mmapRefs := ms.mmapCurrentOOOHeadChunk(head.chunkDiskMapper, head.logger)
 		if len(mmapRefs) == 0 && len(ms.ooo.oooMmappedChunks) > 0 {
 			// Nothing was m-mapped. So take the mmapRef from the existing slice if it exists.
 			mmapRefs = []chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef{ms.ooo.oooMmappedChunks[len(ms.ooo.oooMmappedChunks)-1].ref}

From 1800af54f0dce09c37fba6d7f61e14c9621b8321 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: cuiweiyuan <cuiweiyuan@aliyun.com.>
Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 15:08:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 110/180] chore: fix some function names

Signed-off-by: cuiweiyuan <cuiweiyuan@aliyun.com>
---
 discovery/kubernetes/endpoints_test.go | 2 +-
 promql/engine.go                       | 2 +-
 storage/series_test.go                 | 2 +-
 tsdb/head_test.go                      | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/discovery/kubernetes/endpoints_test.go b/discovery/kubernetes/endpoints_test.go
index e877657db..3ea98c5db 100644
--- a/discovery/kubernetes/endpoints_test.go
+++ b/discovery/kubernetes/endpoints_test.go
@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ func TestEndpointsDiscoveryEmptyPodStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	}.Run(t)
 }
 
-// TestEndpointsUpdatePod makes sure that Endpoints discovery detects underlying Pods changes.
+// TestEndpointsDiscoveryUpdatePod makes sure that Endpoints discovery detects underlying Pods changes.
 // See https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/11305 for more details.
 func TestEndpointsDiscoveryUpdatePod(t *testing.T) {
 	pod := &v1.Pod{
diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 1427302e5..a118672cf 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -3161,7 +3161,7 @@ seriesLoop:
 	return mat, annos
 }
 
-// aggregationK evaluates count_values on vec.
+// aggregationCountValues evaluates count_values on vec.
 // Outputs as many series per group as there are values in the input.
 func (ev *evaluator) aggregationCountValues(e *parser.AggregateExpr, grouping []string, valueLabel string, vec Vector, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 	type groupCount struct {
diff --git a/storage/series_test.go b/storage/series_test.go
index 51886f409..f8ba2af67 100644
--- a/storage/series_test.go
+++ b/storage/series_test.go
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func TestListSeriesIterator(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValNone, it.Seek(2))
 }
 
-// TestSeriesSetToChunkSet test the property of SeriesSet that says
+// TestChunkSeriesSetToSeriesSet test the property of SeriesSet that says
 // returned series should be iterable even after Next is called.
 func TestChunkSeriesSetToSeriesSet(t *testing.T) {
 	series := []struct {
diff --git a/tsdb/head_test.go b/tsdb/head_test.go
index fb73a3638..f73ce38ba 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_test.go
@@ -5695,7 +5695,7 @@ func TestCuttingNewHeadChunks(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestHeadDetectsDuplcateSampleAtSizeLimit tests a regression where a duplicate sample
+// TestHeadDetectsDuplicateSampleAtSizeLimit tests a regression where a duplicate sample
 // is appended to the head, right when the head chunk is at the size limit.
 // The test adds all samples as duplicate, thus expecting that the result has
 // exactly half of the samples.

From 6548421f61d668ea0399271b0dbb6fc907bdcf13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2024 13:37:05 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 111/180] promqltest: improve error messages when unexpected
 type is returned, and fix inverted expected and actual values in error
 message when scalar value does not match expected

Signed-off-by: Charles Korn <charles.korn@grafana.com>
---
 promql/promqltest/test.go      | 24 ++++++++++++++++------
 promql/promqltest/test_test.go | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/promqltest/test.go b/promql/promqltest/test.go
index 8b1ec381a..aa98f1246 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/test.go
+++ b/promql/promqltest/test.go
@@ -650,8 +650,9 @@ type evalCmd struct {
 	expectedFailMessage string
 	expectedFailRegexp  *regexp.Regexp
 
-	metrics  map[uint64]labels.Labels
-	expected map[uint64]entry
+	metrics      map[uint64]labels.Labels
+	expectScalar bool
+	expected     map[uint64]entry
 }
 
 type entry struct {
@@ -695,12 +696,15 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) String() string {
 // expect adds a sequence of values to the set of expected
 // results for the query.
 func (ev *evalCmd) expect(pos int, vals ...parser.SequenceValue) {
+	ev.expectScalar = true
 	ev.expected[0] = entry{pos: pos, vals: vals}
 }
 
 // expectMetric adds a new metric with a sequence of values to the set of expected
 // results for the query.
 func (ev *evalCmd) expectMetric(pos int, m labels.Labels, vals ...parser.SequenceValue) {
+	ev.expectScalar = false
+
 	h := m.Hash()
 	ev.metrics[h] = m
 	ev.expected[h] = entry{pos: pos, vals: vals}
@@ -714,6 +718,10 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("expected ordered result, but query returned a matrix")
 		}
 
+		if ev.expectScalar {
+			return fmt.Errorf("expected scalar result, but got matrix %s", val.String())
+		}
+
 		if err := assertMatrixSorted(val); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -782,6 +790,10 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 		}
 
 	case promql.Vector:
+		if ev.expectScalar {
+			return fmt.Errorf("expected scalar result, but got vector %s", val.String())
+		}
+
 		seen := map[uint64]bool{}
 		for pos, v := range val {
 			fp := v.Metric.Hash()
@@ -820,15 +832,15 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 		}
 
 	case promql.Scalar:
-		if len(ev.expected) != 1 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("expected vector result, but got scalar %s", val.String())
+		if !ev.expectScalar {
+			return fmt.Errorf("expected vector or matrix result, but got %s", val.String())
 		}
 		exp0 := ev.expected[0].vals[0]
 		if exp0.Histogram != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("expected Histogram %v but got scalar %s", exp0.Histogram.TestExpression(), val.String())
+			return fmt.Errorf("expected histogram %v but got %s", exp0.Histogram.TestExpression(), val.String())
 		}
 		if !almost.Equal(exp0.Value, val.V, defaultEpsilon) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("expected Scalar %v but got %v", val.V, exp0.Value)
+			return fmt.Errorf("expected scalar %v but got %v", exp0.Value, val.V)
 		}
 
 	default:
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/test_test.go b/promql/promqltest/test_test.go
index faffb1dd1..49b43eb12 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/test_test.go
+++ b/promql/promqltest/test_test.go
@@ -554,6 +554,43 @@ eval range from 0 to 5m step 5m testmetric
 `,
 			expectedError: `error in eval testmetric (line 5): expected float value at index 0 for {__name__="testmetric"} to have timestamp 300000, but it had timestamp 0 (result has 1 float point [3 @[0]] and 1 histogram point [{count:0, sum:0} @[300000]])`,
 		},
+		"instant query with expected scalar result": {
+			input: `
+				eval instant at 1m 3
+					3
+			`,
+		},
+		"instant query with unexpected scalar result": {
+			input: `
+				eval instant at 1m 3
+					2
+			`,
+			expectedError: `error in eval 3 (line 2): expected scalar 2 but got 3`,
+		},
+		"instant query that returns a scalar but expects a vector": {
+			input: `
+				eval instant at 1m 3
+					{} 3
+			`,
+			expectedError: `error in eval 3 (line 2): expected vector or matrix result, but got scalar: 3 @[60000]`,
+		},
+		"instant query that returns a vector but expects a scalar": {
+			input: `
+				eval instant at 1m vector(3)
+					3
+			`,
+			expectedError: `error in eval vector(3) (line 2): expected scalar result, but got vector {} => 3 @[60000]`,
+		},
+		"range query that returns a matrix but expects a scalar": {
+			input: `
+				eval range from 0 to 1m step 30s vector(3)
+					3
+			`,
+			expectedError: `error in eval vector(3) (line 2): expected scalar result, but got matrix {} =>
+3 @[0]
+3 @[30000]
+3 @[60000]`,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for name, testCase := range testCases {

From 9e7308de386a23a5d3c8fd2ba28ca7aa55606bc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Owen Williams <owen.williams@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2024 14:08:21 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 112/180] feat(utf8): utf8 content negotation and flags

Signed-off-by: Owen Williams <owen.williams@grafana.com>
---
 cmd/prometheus/main.go              | 17 ++++++++++++++-
 config/config.go                    | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 docs/command-line/prometheus.md     |  3 ++-
 docs/configuration/configuration.md | 10 +++++++++
 docs/feature_flags.md               |  8 +++++++
 scrape/manager.go                   |  2 ++
 scrape/scrape.go                    | 23 ++++++++++++++++----
 scrape/scrape_test.go               | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 8 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/prometheus/main.go b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
index 51320c661..94924d2c4 100644
--- a/cmd/prometheus/main.go
+++ b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ type flagConfig struct {
 	queryConcurrency    int
 	queryMaxSamples     int
 	RemoteFlushDeadline model.Duration
+	nameEscapingScheme  string
 
 	featureList   []string
 	memlimitRatio float64
@@ -237,6 +238,9 @@ func (c *flagConfig) setFeatureListOptions(logger log.Logger) error {
 			case "delayed-compaction":
 				c.tsdb.EnableDelayedCompaction = true
 				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Experimental delayed compaction is enabled.")
+			case "utf8-names":
+				model.NameValidationScheme = model.UTF8Validation
+				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Experimental UTF-8 support enabled")
 			case "":
 				continue
 			case "promql-at-modifier", "promql-negative-offset":
@@ -481,7 +485,9 @@ func main() {
 	a.Flag("scrape.discovery-reload-interval", "Interval used by scrape manager to throttle target groups updates.").
 		Hidden().Default("5s").SetValue(&cfg.scrape.DiscoveryReloadInterval)
 
-	a.Flag("enable-feature", "Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval, delayed-compaction. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details.").
+	a.Flag("scrape.name-escaping-scheme", `Method for escaping legacy invalid names when sending to Prometheus that does not support UTF-8. Can be one of "values", "underscores", or "dots".`).Default(scrape.DefaultNameEscapingScheme.String()).StringVar(&cfg.nameEscapingScheme)
+
+	a.Flag("enable-feature", "Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval, delayed-compaction, utf8-names. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details.").
 		Default("").StringsVar(&cfg.featureList)
 
 	promlogflag.AddFlags(a, &cfg.promlogConfig)
@@ -509,6 +515,15 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
+	if cfg.nameEscapingScheme != "" {
+		scheme, err := model.ToEscapingScheme(cfg.nameEscapingScheme)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `Invalid name escaping scheme: %q; Needs to be one of "values", "underscores", or "dots"`, cfg.nameEscapingScheme)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		model.NameEscapingScheme = scheme
+	}
+
 	if agentMode && len(serverOnlyFlags) > 0 {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "The following flag(s) can not be used in agent mode: %q", serverOnlyFlags)
 		os.Exit(3)
diff --git a/config/config.go b/config/config.go
index 7632a444f..4326b0a99 100644
--- a/config/config.go
+++ b/config/config.go
@@ -67,6 +67,11 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
+const (
+	LegacyValidationConfig = "legacy"
+	UTF8ValidationConfig   = "utf8"
+)
+
 // Load parses the YAML input s into a Config.
 func Load(s string, expandExternalLabels bool, logger log.Logger) (*Config, error) {
 	cfg := &Config{}
@@ -446,6 +451,8 @@ type GlobalConfig struct {
 	// Keep no more than this many dropped targets per job.
 	// 0 means no limit.
 	KeepDroppedTargets uint `yaml:"keep_dropped_targets,omitempty"`
+	// Allow UTF8 Metric and Label Names.
+	MetricNameValidationScheme string `yaml:"metric_name_validation_scheme,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ScrapeProtocol represents supported protocol for scraping metrics.
@@ -471,6 +478,7 @@ var (
 	PrometheusText0_0_4  ScrapeProtocol = "PrometheusText0.0.4"
 	OpenMetricsText0_0_1 ScrapeProtocol = "OpenMetricsText0.0.1"
 	OpenMetricsText1_0_0 ScrapeProtocol = "OpenMetricsText1.0.0"
+	UTF8NamesHeader      string         = model.EscapingKey + "=" + model.AllowUTF8
 
 	ScrapeProtocolsHeaders = map[ScrapeProtocol]string{
 		PrometheusProto:      "application/vnd.google.protobuf;proto=io.prometheus.client.MetricFamily;encoding=delimited",
@@ -656,6 +664,8 @@ type ScrapeConfig struct {
 	// Keep no more than this many dropped targets per job.
 	// 0 means no limit.
 	KeepDroppedTargets uint `yaml:"keep_dropped_targets,omitempty"`
+	// Allow UTF8 Metric and Label Names.
+	MetricNameValidationScheme string `yaml:"metric_name_validation_scheme,omitempty"`
 
 	// We cannot do proper Go type embedding below as the parser will then parse
 	// values arbitrarily into the overflow maps of further-down types.
@@ -762,6 +772,17 @@ func (c *ScrapeConfig) Validate(globalConfig GlobalConfig) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w for scrape config with job name %q", err, c.JobName)
 	}
 
+	switch globalConfig.MetricNameValidationScheme {
+	case "", LegacyValidationConfig:
+	case UTF8ValidationConfig:
+		if model.NameValidationScheme != model.UTF8Validation {
+			return fmt.Errorf("utf8 name validation requested but feature not enabled via --enable-feature=utf8-names")
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown name validation method specified, must be either 'legacy' or 'utf8', got %s", globalConfig.MetricNameValidationScheme)
+	}
+	c.MetricNameValidationScheme = globalConfig.MetricNameValidationScheme
+
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/docs/command-line/prometheus.md b/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
index b8f2e4241..a16e807e1 100644
--- a/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
+++ b/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ The Prometheus monitoring server
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--query.timeout</code> | Maximum time a query may take before being aborted. Use with server mode only. | `2m` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--query.max-concurrency</code> | Maximum number of queries executed concurrently. Use with server mode only. | `20` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--query.max-samples</code> | Maximum number of samples a single query can load into memory. Note that queries will fail if they try to load more samples than this into memory, so this also limits the number of samples a query can return. Use with server mode only. | `50000000` |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--enable-feature</code> | Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval, delayed-compaction. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details. |  |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--scrape.name-escaping-scheme</code> | Method for escaping legacy invalid names when sending to Prometheus that does not support UTF-8. Can be one of "values", "underscores", or "dots". | `values` |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--enable-feature</code> | Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval, delayed-compaction, utf8-names. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details. |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--log.level</code> | Only log messages with the given severity or above. One of: [debug, info, warn, error] | `info` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--log.format</code> | Output format of log messages. One of: [logfmt, json] | `logfmt` |
 
diff --git a/docs/configuration/configuration.md b/docs/configuration/configuration.md
index 313a7f2f3..bc684b6f9 100644
--- a/docs/configuration/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/configuration.md
@@ -121,6 +121,11 @@ global:
   # that will be kept in memory. 0 means no limit.
   [ keep_dropped_targets: <int> | default = 0 ]
 
+  # Specifies the validation scheme for metric and label names. Either blank or
+  # "legacy" for letters, numbers, colons, and underscores; or "utf8" for full
+  # UTF-8 support.
+  [ metric_name_validation_scheme <string> | default "legacy" ]
+
 runtime:
   # Configure the Go garbage collector GOGC parameter
   # See: https://tip.golang.org/doc/gc-guide#GOGC
@@ -461,6 +466,11 @@ metric_relabel_configs:
 # that will be kept in memory. 0 means no limit.
 [ keep_dropped_targets: <int> | default = 0 ]
 
+# Specifies the validation scheme for metric and label names. Either blank or
+# "legacy" for letters, numbers, colons, and underscores; or "utf8" for full
+# UTF-8 support.
+[ metric_name_validation_scheme <string> | default "legacy" ]
+
 # Limit on total number of positive and negative buckets allowed in a single
 # native histogram. The resolution of a histogram with more buckets will be
 # reduced until the number of buckets is within the limit. If the limit cannot
diff --git a/docs/feature_flags.md b/docs/feature_flags.md
index c9a3558fa..0a908bb91 100644
--- a/docs/feature_flags.md
+++ b/docs/feature_flags.md
@@ -249,3 +249,11 @@ In the event of multiple consecutive Head compactions being possible, only the f
 Note that during this delay, the Head continues its usual operations, which include serving and appending series.
 
 Despite the delay in compaction, the blocks produced are time-aligned in the same manner as they would be if the delay was not in place.
+
+## UTF-8 Name Support
+
+`--enable-feature=utf8-names`
+
+When enabled, changes the metric and label name validation scheme inside Prometheus to allow the full UTF-8 character set.
+By itself, this flag does not enable the request of UTF-8 names via content negotiation.
+Users will also have to set `metric_name_validation_scheme` in scrape configs to enable the feature either on the global config or on a per-scrape config basis.
diff --git a/scrape/manager.go b/scrape/manager.go
index 156e949f8..6d4e8707b 100644
--- a/scrape/manager.go
+++ b/scrape/manager.go
@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ type Options struct {
 	skipOffsetting bool
 }
 
+const DefaultNameEscapingScheme = model.ValueEncodingEscaping
+
 // Manager maintains a set of scrape pools and manages start/stop cycles
 // when receiving new target groups from the discovery manager.
 type Manager struct {
diff --git a/scrape/scrape.go b/scrape/scrape.go
index 68411a62e..9979f7361 100644
--- a/scrape/scrape.go
+++ b/scrape/scrape.go
@@ -303,6 +303,11 @@ func (sp *scrapePool) restartLoops(reuseCache bool) {
 		mrc                      = sp.config.MetricRelabelConfigs
 	)
 
+	validationScheme := model.LegacyValidation
+	if sp.config.MetricNameValidationScheme == config.UTF8ValidationConfig {
+		validationScheme = model.UTF8Validation
+	}
+
 	sp.targetMtx.Lock()
 
 	forcedErr := sp.refreshTargetLimitErr()
@@ -323,7 +328,7 @@ func (sp *scrapePool) restartLoops(reuseCache bool) {
 				client:               sp.client,
 				timeout:              timeout,
 				bodySizeLimit:        bodySizeLimit,
-				acceptHeader:         acceptHeader(sp.config.ScrapeProtocols),
+				acceptHeader:         acceptHeader(sp.config.ScrapeProtocols, validationScheme),
 				acceptEncodingHeader: acceptEncodingHeader(enableCompression),
 			}
 			newLoop = sp.newLoop(scrapeLoopOptions{
@@ -452,6 +457,11 @@ func (sp *scrapePool) sync(targets []*Target) {
 		scrapeClassicHistograms  = sp.config.ScrapeClassicHistograms
 	)
 
+	validationScheme := model.LegacyValidation
+	if sp.config.MetricNameValidationScheme == config.UTF8ValidationConfig {
+		validationScheme = model.UTF8Validation
+	}
+
 	sp.targetMtx.Lock()
 	for _, t := range targets {
 		hash := t.hash()
@@ -467,7 +477,7 @@ func (sp *scrapePool) sync(targets []*Target) {
 				client:               sp.client,
 				timeout:              timeout,
 				bodySizeLimit:        bodySizeLimit,
-				acceptHeader:         acceptHeader(sp.config.ScrapeProtocols),
+				acceptHeader:         acceptHeader(sp.config.ScrapeProtocols, validationScheme),
 				acceptEncodingHeader: acceptEncodingHeader(enableCompression),
 				metrics:              sp.metrics,
 			}
@@ -714,11 +724,16 @@ var errBodySizeLimit = errors.New("body size limit exceeded")
 // acceptHeader transforms preference from the options into specific header values as
 // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110.html#name-accept defines.
 // No validation is here, we expect scrape protocols to be validated already.
-func acceptHeader(sps []config.ScrapeProtocol) string {
+func acceptHeader(sps []config.ScrapeProtocol, scheme model.ValidationScheme) string {
 	var vals []string
 	weight := len(config.ScrapeProtocolsHeaders) + 1
 	for _, sp := range sps {
-		vals = append(vals, fmt.Sprintf("%s;q=0.%d", config.ScrapeProtocolsHeaders[sp], weight))
+		val := config.ScrapeProtocolsHeaders[sp]
+		if scheme == model.UTF8Validation {
+			val += ";" + config.UTF8NamesHeader
+		}
+		val += fmt.Sprintf(";q=0.%d", weight)
+		vals = append(vals, val)
 		weight--
 	}
 	// Default match anything.
diff --git a/scrape/scrape_test.go b/scrape/scrape_test.go
index a3fe6ac1a..be81b8677 100644
--- a/scrape/scrape_test.go
+++ b/scrape/scrape_test.go
@@ -2339,11 +2339,15 @@ func TestTargetScraperScrapeOK(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 
 	var protobufParsing bool
+	var allowUTF8 bool
 
 	server := httptest.NewServer(
 		http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			accept := r.Header.Get("Accept")
+			if allowUTF8 {
+				require.Truef(t, strings.Contains(accept, "escaping=allow-utf-8"), "Expected Accept header to allow utf8, got %q", accept)
+			}
 			if protobufParsing {
-				accept := r.Header.Get("Accept")
 				require.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(accept, "application/vnd.google.protobuf;"),
 					"Expected Accept header to prefer application/vnd.google.protobuf.")
 			}
@@ -2351,7 +2355,11 @@ func TestTargetScraperScrapeOK(t *testing.T) {
 			timeout := r.Header.Get("X-Prometheus-Scrape-Timeout-Seconds")
 			require.Equal(t, expectedTimeout, timeout, "Expected scrape timeout header.")
 
-			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", `text/plain; version=0.0.4`)
+			if allowUTF8 {
+				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", `text/plain; version=1.0.0; escaping=allow-utf-8`)
+			} else {
+				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", `text/plain; version=0.0.4`)
+			}
 			w.Write([]byte("metric_a 1\nmetric_b 2\n"))
 		}),
 	)
@@ -2380,13 +2388,22 @@ func TestTargetScraperScrapeOK(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		contentType, err := ts.readResponse(context.Background(), resp, &buf)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, "text/plain; version=0.0.4", contentType)
+		if allowUTF8 {
+			require.Equal(t, "text/plain; version=1.0.0; escaping=allow-utf-8", contentType)
+		} else {
+			require.Equal(t, "text/plain; version=0.0.4", contentType)
+		}
 		require.Equal(t, "metric_a 1\nmetric_b 2\n", buf.String())
 	}
 
-	runTest(acceptHeader(config.DefaultScrapeProtocols))
+	runTest(acceptHeader(config.DefaultScrapeProtocols, model.LegacyValidation))
 	protobufParsing = true
-	runTest(acceptHeader(config.DefaultProtoFirstScrapeProtocols))
+	runTest(acceptHeader(config.DefaultProtoFirstScrapeProtocols, model.LegacyValidation))
+	protobufParsing = false
+	allowUTF8 = true
+	runTest(acceptHeader(config.DefaultScrapeProtocols, model.UTF8Validation))
+	protobufParsing = true
+	runTest(acceptHeader(config.DefaultProtoFirstScrapeProtocols, model.UTF8Validation))
 }
 
 func TestTargetScrapeScrapeCancel(t *testing.T) {
@@ -2412,7 +2429,7 @@ func TestTargetScrapeScrapeCancel(t *testing.T) {
 			),
 		},
 		client:       http.DefaultClient,
-		acceptHeader: acceptHeader(config.DefaultGlobalConfig.ScrapeProtocols),
+		acceptHeader: acceptHeader(config.DefaultGlobalConfig.ScrapeProtocols, model.LegacyValidation),
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 
@@ -2467,7 +2484,7 @@ func TestTargetScrapeScrapeNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 			),
 		},
 		client:       http.DefaultClient,
-		acceptHeader: acceptHeader(config.DefaultGlobalConfig.ScrapeProtocols),
+		acceptHeader: acceptHeader(config.DefaultGlobalConfig.ScrapeProtocols, model.LegacyValidation),
 	}
 
 	resp, err := ts.scrape(context.Background())
@@ -2511,7 +2528,7 @@ func TestTargetScraperBodySizeLimit(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		client:        http.DefaultClient,
 		bodySizeLimit: bodySizeLimit,
-		acceptHeader:  acceptHeader(config.DefaultGlobalConfig.ScrapeProtocols),
+		acceptHeader:  acceptHeader(config.DefaultGlobalConfig.ScrapeProtocols, model.LegacyValidation),
 		metrics:       newTestScrapeMetrics(t),
 	}
 	var buf bytes.Buffer

From 3b0a386c62513e0aaed04cd4d97beb9a9a8ab580 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: harshitasao <harshitasao@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2024 13:15:28 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 113/180] fix: fixed the vulnerability

Signed-off-by: harshitasao <harshitasao@gmail.com>
---
 documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod |  4 ++--
 documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum | 12 ++++++------
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod
index 35dca85a0..bab39303d 100644
--- a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod
+++ b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20231202071711-9a357b53e9c9 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.53.16 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.55.5 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240528184218-531527333157 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
diff --git a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum
index 4c420092f..6e283cc74 100644
--- a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum
+++ b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20231202071711-9a357b53e9c9/go.mod h1:OMCwj8V
 github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.4.1 h1:hR91U9KYmb6bLBYLQjyM+3j+rcd/UhE+G78SFnF8gJA=
 github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.4.1/go.mod h1:E6amYzXo6aW1tqzoZGT755KkbgrJsSdpwZ+3JqfkOG4=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.38.35/go.mod h1:hcU610XS61/+aQV88ixoOzUoG7v3b31pl2zKMmprdro=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.53.16 h1:8oZjKQO/ml1WLUZw5hvF7pvYjPf8o9f57Wldoy/q9Qc=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.53.16/go.mod h1:LF8svs817+Nz+DmiMQKTO3ubZ/6IaTpq3TjupRn3Eqk=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.55.5 h1:KKUZBfBoyqy5d3swXyiC7Q76ic40rYcbqH7qjh59kzU=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.55.5/go.mod h1:eRwEWoyTWFMVYVQzKMNHWP5/RV4xIUGMQfXQHfHkpNU=
 github.com/bboreham/go-loser v0.0.0-20230920113527-fcc2c21820a3 h1:6df1vn4bBlDDo4tARvBm7l6KA9iVMnE3NWizDeWSrps=
 github.com/bboreham/go-loser v0.0.0-20230920113527-fcc2c21820a3/go.mod h1:CIWtjkly68+yqLPbvwwR/fjNJA/idrtULjZWh2v1ys0=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v0.0.0-20180321164747-3a771d992973/go.mod h1:Dwedo/Wpr24TaqPxmxbtue+5NUziq4I4S80YR8gNf3Q=
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6r
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240318125728-8a4994d93e50 h1:DBmgJDC9dTfkVyGgipamEh2BpGYxScCH1TOF1LL1cXc=
-github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240318125728-8a4994d93e50/go.mod h1:5e1+Vvlzido69INQaVO6d87Qn543Xr6nooe9Kz7oBFM=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240423153145-555b57ec207b h1:ga8SEFjZ60pxLcmhnThWgvH2wg8376yUJmPhEH4H3kw=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240423153145-555b57ec207b/go.mod h1:W+zGtBO5Y1IgJhy4+A9GOqVhqLpfZi+vwmdNXUehLA8=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
@@ -402,8 +402,8 @@ google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240528184218-531527333157 h1:
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240528184218-531527333157/go.mod h1:99sLkeliLXfdj2J75X3Ho+rrVCaJze0uwN7zDDkjPVU=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240528184218-531527333157 h1:Zy9XzmMEflZ/MAaA7vNcoebnRAld7FsPW1EeBB7V0m8=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240528184218-531527333157/go.mod h1:EfXuqaE1J41VCDicxHzUDm+8rk+7ZdXzHV0IhO/I6s0=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0 h1:KH3VH9y/MgNQg1dE7b3XfVK0GsPSIzJwdF617gUSbvY=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.0/go.mod h1:oxjF8E3FBnjp+/gVFYdWacaLDx9na1aqy9oovLpxQYg=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0/go.mod h1:WgYC2ypjlB0EiQi6wdKixMqukr6lBc0Vo+oOgjrM5ZQ=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=

From 3a78e76282d47887a253a0fd19524ca49c4cabce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2024 11:27:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 114/180] Upgrade golangci-lint to v1.60.1

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml                |   2 +-
 Makefile.common                         |   2 +-
 cmd/promtool/tsdb.go                    |   8 +-
 discovery/eureka/client.go              |   1 -
 discovery/hetzner/robot.go              |   1 -
 discovery/kubernetes/kubernetes_test.go |   8 +-
 notifier/notifier.go                    |   2 +-
 promql/functions.go                     |  32 +++----
 promql/parser/lex.go                    |  12 +--
 scripts/golangci-lint.yml               |   2 +-
 storage/buffer_test.go                  |  16 ++--
 storage/remote/client.go                |   3 -
 storage/remote/queue_manager.go         |   8 +-
 storage/remote/write_handler_test.go    |   8 +-
 template/template.go                    |   2 +-
 tsdb/chunks/queue_test.go               |   8 +-
 tsdb/db.go                              |  16 ++--
 tsdb/db_test.go                         | 108 ++++++++++++------------
 tsdb/head_append.go                     |   8 +-
 tsdb/head_test.go                       |   4 +-
 tsdb/index/postingsstats_test.go        |  16 ++--
 tsdb/wlog/wlog.go                       |  10 +--
 util/testutil/directory.go              |   2 +-
 web/web.go                              |   4 +-
 24 files changed, 139 insertions(+), 144 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 92bbaebbf..c3a1d68e9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           args: --verbose
           # Make sure to sync this with Makefile.common and scripts/golangci-lint.yml.
-          version: v1.59.1
+          version: v1.60.1
   fuzzing:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/fuzzing.yml
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
diff --git a/Makefile.common b/Makefile.common
index e3da72ab4..2ecd5465c 100644
--- a/Makefile.common
+++ b/Makefile.common
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ PROMU_URL     := https://github.com/prometheus/promu/releases/download/v$(PROMU_
 SKIP_GOLANGCI_LINT :=
 GOLANGCI_LINT :=
 GOLANGCI_LINT_OPTS ?=
-GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION ?= v1.59.1
+GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION ?= v1.60.1
 # golangci-lint only supports linux, darwin and windows platforms on i386/amd64/arm64.
 # windows isn't included here because of the path separator being different.
 ifeq ($(GOHOSTOS),$(filter $(GOHOSTOS),linux darwin))
diff --git a/cmd/promtool/tsdb.go b/cmd/promtool/tsdb.go
index 2ed7244b1..b85a4fae8 100644
--- a/cmd/promtool/tsdb.go
+++ b/cmd/promtool/tsdb.go
@@ -866,16 +866,16 @@ func displayHistogram(dataType string, datas []int, total int) {
 	fmt.Println()
 }
 
-func generateBucket(min, max int) (start, end, step int) {
-	s := (max - min) / 10
+func generateBucket(minVal, maxVal int) (start, end, step int) {
+	s := (maxVal - minVal) / 10
 
 	step = 10
 	for step < s && step <= 10000 {
 		step *= 10
 	}
 
-	start = min - min%step
-	end = max - max%step + step
+	start = minVal - minVal%step
+	end = maxVal - maxVal%step + step
 
 	return
 }
diff --git a/discovery/eureka/client.go b/discovery/eureka/client.go
index 5a90968f1..52e8ce7b4 100644
--- a/discovery/eureka/client.go
+++ b/discovery/eureka/client.go
@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ func fetchApps(ctx context.Context, server string, client *http.Client) (*Applic
 		resp.Body.Close()
 	}()
 
-	//nolint:usestdlibvars
 	if resp.StatusCode/100 != 2 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("non 2xx status '%d' response during eureka service discovery", resp.StatusCode)
 	}
diff --git a/discovery/hetzner/robot.go b/discovery/hetzner/robot.go
index 64155bfae..516470b05 100644
--- a/discovery/hetzner/robot.go
+++ b/discovery/hetzner/robot.go
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ func (d *robotDiscovery) refresh(context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, error)
 		resp.Body.Close()
 	}()
 
-	//nolint:usestdlibvars
 	if resp.StatusCode/100 != 2 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("non 2xx status '%d' response during hetzner service discovery with role robot", resp.StatusCode)
 	}
diff --git a/discovery/kubernetes/kubernetes_test.go b/discovery/kubernetes/kubernetes_test.go
index 552f8a445..50f25a20a 100644
--- a/discovery/kubernetes/kubernetes_test.go
+++ b/discovery/kubernetes/kubernetes_test.go
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ func (d k8sDiscoveryTest) Run(t *testing.T) {
 
 // readResultWithTimeout reads all targetgroups from channel with timeout.
 // It merges targetgroups by source and sends the result to result channel.
-func readResultWithTimeout(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, ch <-chan []*targetgroup.Group, max int, stopAfter time.Duration, resChan chan<- map[string]*targetgroup.Group) {
+func readResultWithTimeout(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, ch <-chan []*targetgroup.Group, maxGroups int, stopAfter time.Duration, resChan chan<- map[string]*targetgroup.Group) {
 	res := make(map[string]*targetgroup.Group)
 	timeout := time.After(stopAfter)
 Loop:
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Loop:
 				}
 				res[tg.Source] = tg
 			}
-			if len(res) == max {
+			if len(res) == maxGroups {
 				// Reached max target groups we may get, break fast.
 				break Loop
 			}
@@ -175,10 +175,10 @@ Loop:
 			// Because we use queue, an object that is created then
 			// deleted or updated may be processed only once.
 			// So possibly we may skip events, timed out here.
-			t.Logf("timed out, got %d (max: %d) items, some events are skipped", len(res), max)
+			t.Logf("timed out, got %d (max: %d) items, some events are skipped", len(res), maxGroups)
 			break Loop
 		case <-ctx.Done():
-			t.Logf("stopped, got %d (max: %d) items", len(res), max)
+			t.Logf("stopped, got %d (max: %d) items", len(res), maxGroups)
 			break Loop
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/notifier/notifier.go b/notifier/notifier.go
index 68b0d4961..2ebfbbee5 100644
--- a/notifier/notifier.go
+++ b/notifier/notifier.go
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ func (n *Manager) sendOne(ctx context.Context, c *http.Client, url string, b []b
 	}()
 
 	// Any HTTP status 2xx is OK.
-	//nolint:usestdlibvars
+
 	if resp.StatusCode/100 != 2 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("bad response status %s", resp.Status)
 	}
diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index 018023bf0..2af06c174 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -467,15 +467,15 @@ func funcSortByLabelDesc(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *Eval
 // === clamp(Vector parser.ValueTypeVector, min, max Scalar) (Vector, Annotations) ===
 func funcClamp(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 	vec := vals[0].(Vector)
-	min := vals[1].(Vector)[0].F
-	max := vals[2].(Vector)[0].F
-	if max < min {
+	minVal := vals[1].(Vector)[0].F
+	maxVal := vals[2].(Vector)[0].F
+	if maxVal < minVal {
 		return enh.Out, nil
 	}
 	for _, el := range vec {
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
 			Metric: el.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      math.Max(min, math.Min(max, el.F)),
+			F:      math.Max(minVal, math.Min(maxVal, el.F)),
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -484,11 +484,11 @@ func funcClamp(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper
 // === clamp_max(Vector parser.ValueTypeVector, max Scalar) (Vector, Annotations) ===
 func funcClampMax(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 	vec := vals[0].(Vector)
-	max := vals[1].(Vector)[0].F
+	maxVal := vals[1].(Vector)[0].F
 	for _, el := range vec {
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
 			Metric: el.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      math.Min(max, el.F),
+			F:      math.Min(maxVal, el.F),
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -497,11 +497,11 @@ func funcClampMax(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHel
 // === clamp_min(Vector parser.ValueTypeVector, min Scalar) (Vector, Annotations) ===
 func funcClampMin(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 	vec := vals[0].(Vector)
-	min := vals[1].(Vector)[0].F
+	minVal := vals[1].(Vector)[0].F
 	for _, el := range vec {
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
 			Metric: el.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      math.Max(min, el.F),
+			F:      math.Max(minVal, el.F),
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -700,13 +700,13 @@ func funcMaxOverTime(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNode
 		return enh.Out, nil
 	}
 	return aggrOverTime(vals, enh, func(s Series) float64 {
-		max := s.Floats[0].F
+		maxVal := s.Floats[0].F
 		for _, f := range s.Floats {
-			if f.F > max || math.IsNaN(max) {
-				max = f.F
+			if f.F > maxVal || math.IsNaN(maxVal) {
+				maxVal = f.F
 			}
 		}
-		return max
+		return maxVal
 	}), nil
 }
 
@@ -720,13 +720,13 @@ func funcMinOverTime(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNode
 		return enh.Out, nil
 	}
 	return aggrOverTime(vals, enh, func(s Series) float64 {
-		min := s.Floats[0].F
+		minVal := s.Floats[0].F
 		for _, f := range s.Floats {
-			if f.F < min || math.IsNaN(min) {
-				min = f.F
+			if f.F < minVal || math.IsNaN(minVal) {
+				minVal = f.F
 			}
 		}
-		return min
+		return minVal
 	}), nil
 }
 
diff --git a/promql/parser/lex.go b/promql/parser/lex.go
index 9b88ab556..0cefa30c8 100644
--- a/promql/parser/lex.go
+++ b/promql/parser/lex.go
@@ -727,23 +727,23 @@ func lexValueSequence(l *Lexer) stateFn {
 // was only modified to integrate with our lexer.
 func lexEscape(l *Lexer) stateFn {
 	var n int
-	var base, max uint32
+	var base, maxVal uint32
 
 	ch := l.next()
 	switch ch {
 	case 'a', 'b', 'f', 'n', 'r', 't', 'v', '\\', l.stringOpen:
 		return lexString
 	case '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7':
-		n, base, max = 3, 8, 255
+		n, base, maxVal = 3, 8, 255
 	case 'x':
 		ch = l.next()
-		n, base, max = 2, 16, 255
+		n, base, maxVal = 2, 16, 255
 	case 'u':
 		ch = l.next()
-		n, base, max = 4, 16, unicode.MaxRune
+		n, base, maxVal = 4, 16, unicode.MaxRune
 	case 'U':
 		ch = l.next()
-		n, base, max = 8, 16, unicode.MaxRune
+		n, base, maxVal = 8, 16, unicode.MaxRune
 	case eof:
 		l.errorf("escape sequence not terminated")
 		return lexString
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ func lexEscape(l *Lexer) stateFn {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if x > max || 0xD800 <= x && x < 0xE000 {
+	if x > maxVal || 0xD800 <= x && x < 0xE000 {
 		l.errorf("escape sequence is an invalid Unicode code point")
 	}
 	return lexString
diff --git a/scripts/golangci-lint.yml b/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
index 746831a86..fc0f9c654 100644
--- a/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
+++ b/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ jobs:
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@aaa42aa0628b4ae2578232a66b541047968fac86 # v6.1.0
         with:
           args: --verbose
-          version: v1.59.1
+          version: v1.60.1
diff --git a/storage/buffer_test.go b/storage/buffer_test.go
index 1b24e5da2..b5c6443ac 100644
--- a/storage/buffer_test.go
+++ b/storage/buffer_test.go
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ func TestSampleRingMixed(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// With ValNone as the preferred type, nothing should be initialized.
 	r := newSampleRing(10, 2, chunkenc.ValNone)
-	require.Zero(t, len(r.fBuf))
-	require.Zero(t, len(r.hBuf))
-	require.Zero(t, len(r.fhBuf))
-	require.Zero(t, len(r.iBuf))
+	require.Empty(t, r.fBuf)
+	require.Empty(t, r.hBuf)
+	require.Empty(t, r.fhBuf)
+	require.Empty(t, r.iBuf)
 
 	// But then mixed adds should work as expected.
 	r.addF(fSample{t: 1, f: 3.14})
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@ func TestSampleRingAtFloatHistogram(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// With ValNone as the preferred type, nothing should be initialized.
 	r := newSampleRing(10, 2, chunkenc.ValNone)
-	require.Zero(t, len(r.fBuf))
-	require.Zero(t, len(r.hBuf))
-	require.Zero(t, len(r.fhBuf))
-	require.Zero(t, len(r.iBuf))
+	require.Empty(t, r.fBuf)
+	require.Empty(t, r.hBuf)
+	require.Empty(t, r.fhBuf)
+	require.Empty(t, r.iBuf)
 
 	var (
 		h  *histogram.Histogram
diff --git a/storage/remote/client.go b/storage/remote/client.go
index 11e423b6a..2a66739ed 100644
--- a/storage/remote/client.go
+++ b/storage/remote/client.go
@@ -287,7 +287,6 @@ func (c *Client) Store(ctx context.Context, req []byte, attempt int) (WriteRespo
 	// we can continue handling.
 	rs, _ := ParseWriteResponseStats(httpResp)
 
-	//nolint:usestdlibvars
 	if httpResp.StatusCode/100 == 2 {
 		return rs, nil
 	}
@@ -297,7 +296,6 @@ func (c *Client) Store(ctx context.Context, req []byte, attempt int) (WriteRespo
 	body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(httpResp.Body, maxErrMsgLen))
 	err = fmt.Errorf("server returned HTTP status %s: %s", httpResp.Status, body)
 
-	//nolint:usestdlibvars
 	if httpResp.StatusCode/100 == 5 ||
 		(c.retryOnRateLimit && httpResp.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests) {
 		return rs, RecoverableError{err, retryAfterDuration(httpResp.Header.Get("Retry-After"))}
@@ -382,7 +380,6 @@ func (c *Client) Read(ctx context.Context, query *prompb.Query) (*prompb.QueryRe
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading response. HTTP status code: %s: %w", httpResp.Status, err)
 	}
 
-	//nolint:usestdlibvars
 	if httpResp.StatusCode/100 != 2 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("remote server %s returned HTTP status %s: %s", c.urlString, httpResp.Status, strings.TrimSpace(string(compressed)))
 	}
diff --git a/storage/remote/queue_manager.go b/storage/remote/queue_manager.go
index 17ff1850f..b1c899726 100644
--- a/storage/remote/queue_manager.go
+++ b/storage/remote/queue_manager.go
@@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@ func (s *shards) runShard(ctx context.Context, shardID int, queue *queue) {
 	// Send batches of at most MaxSamplesPerSend samples to the remote storage.
 	// If we have fewer samples than that, flush them out after a deadline anyways.
 	var (
-		max = s.qm.cfg.MaxSamplesPerSend
+		maxCount = s.qm.cfg.MaxSamplesPerSend
 
 		pBuf    = proto.NewBuffer(nil)
 		pBufRaw []byte
@@ -1530,19 +1530,19 @@ func (s *shards) runShard(ctx context.Context, shardID int, queue *queue) {
 	)
 	// TODO(@tpaschalis) Should we also raise the max if we have WAL metadata?
 	if s.qm.sendExemplars {
-		max += int(float64(max) * 0.1)
+		maxCount += int(float64(maxCount) * 0.1)
 	}
 
 	// TODO: Dry all of this, we should make an interface/generic for the timeseries type.
 	batchQueue := queue.Chan()
-	pendingData := make([]prompb.TimeSeries, max)
+	pendingData := make([]prompb.TimeSeries, maxCount)
 	for i := range pendingData {
 		pendingData[i].Samples = []prompb.Sample{{}}
 		if s.qm.sendExemplars {
 			pendingData[i].Exemplars = []prompb.Exemplar{{}}
 		}
 	}
-	pendingDataV2 := make([]writev2.TimeSeries, max)
+	pendingDataV2 := make([]writev2.TimeSeries, maxCount)
 	for i := range pendingDataV2 {
 		pendingDataV2[i].Samples = []writev2.Sample{{}}
 	}
diff --git a/storage/remote/write_handler_test.go b/storage/remote/write_handler_test.go
index af2229b9a..6e1336a7a 100644
--- a/storage/remote/write_handler_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/write_handler_test.go
@@ -453,10 +453,10 @@ func TestRemoteWriteHandler_V2Message(t *testing.T) {
 				expectHeaderValue(t, 0, resp.Header.Get(rw20WrittenHistogramsHeader))
 				expectHeaderValue(t, 0, resp.Header.Get(rw20WrittenExemplarsHeader))
 
-				require.Empty(t, len(appendable.samples))
-				require.Empty(t, len(appendable.histograms))
-				require.Empty(t, len(appendable.exemplars))
-				require.Empty(t, len(appendable.metadata))
+				require.Empty(t, appendable.samples)
+				require.Empty(t, appendable.histograms)
+				require.Empty(t, appendable.exemplars)
+				require.Empty(t, appendable.metadata)
 				return
 			}
 
diff --git a/template/template.go b/template/template.go
index c507dbe74..9ffed6ff6 100644
--- a/template/template.go
+++ b/template/template.go
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func NewTemplateExpander(
 				return html_template.HTML(text)
 			},
 			"match":     regexp.MatchString,
-			"title":     strings.Title, //nolint:staticcheck
+			"title":     strings.Title,
 			"toUpper":   strings.ToUpper,
 			"toLower":   strings.ToLower,
 			"graphLink": strutil.GraphLinkForExpression,
diff --git a/tsdb/chunks/queue_test.go b/tsdb/chunks/queue_test.go
index 9f761a5f3..3d9275eee 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunks/queue_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunks/queue_test.go
@@ -69,16 +69,16 @@ func TestQueuePushPopSingleGoroutine(t *testing.T) {
 	const maxSize = 500
 	const maxIters = 50
 
-	for max := 1; max < maxSize; max++ {
-		queue := newWriteJobQueue(max, 1+(r.Int()%max))
+	for maxCount := 1; maxCount < maxSize; maxCount++ {
+		queue := newWriteJobQueue(maxCount, 1+(r.Int()%maxCount))
 
 		elements := 0 // total elements in the queue
 		lastWriteID := 0
 		lastReadID := 0
 
 		for iter := 0; iter < maxIters; iter++ {
-			if elements < max {
-				toWrite := r.Int() % (max - elements)
+			if elements < maxCount {
+				toWrite := r.Int() % (maxCount - elements)
 				if toWrite == 0 {
 					toWrite = 1
 				}
diff --git a/tsdb/db.go b/tsdb/db.go
index 94c44161d..706e5bbac 100644
--- a/tsdb/db.go
+++ b/tsdb/db.go
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ func (db *DBReadOnly) LastBlockID() (string, error) {
 		return "", err
 	}
 
-	max := uint64(0)
+	maxT := uint64(0)
 
 	lastBlockID := ""
 
@@ -705,8 +705,8 @@ func (db *DBReadOnly) LastBlockID() (string, error) {
 			continue // Not a block dir.
 		}
 		timestamp := ulidObj.Time()
-		if timestamp > max {
-			max = timestamp
+		if timestamp > maxT {
+			maxT = timestamp
 			lastBlockID = dirName
 		}
 	}
@@ -2316,13 +2316,13 @@ func blockDirs(dir string) ([]string, error) {
 	return dirs, nil
 }
 
-func exponential(d, min, max time.Duration) time.Duration {
+func exponential(d, minD, maxD time.Duration) time.Duration {
 	d *= 2
-	if d < min {
-		d = min
+	if d < minD {
+		d = minD
 	}
-	if d > max {
-		d = max
+	if d > maxD {
+		d = maxD
 	}
 	return d
 }
diff --git a/tsdb/db_test.go b/tsdb/db_test.go
index 5943489ff..904fdeffc 100644
--- a/tsdb/db_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/db_test.go
@@ -4529,8 +4529,8 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario, addExtraSample
 
 	addSample := func(fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, _, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			_, _, err = scenario.appendFunc(app, series2, ts, 2*ts)
@@ -4566,8 +4566,8 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario, addExtraSample
 		var series1Samples, series2Samples []chunks.Sample
 		for _, r := range [][2]int64{{90, 119}, {120, 239}, {240, highest}} {
 			fromMins, toMins := r[0], r[1]
-			for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-				ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+			for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+				ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 				series1Samples = append(series1Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, ts))
 				series2Samples = append(series2Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, 2*ts))
 			}
@@ -4645,8 +4645,8 @@ func testOOOCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario, addExtraSample
 	verifySamples := func(block *Block, fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		series1Samples := make([]chunks.Sample, 0, toMins-fromMins+1)
 		series2Samples := make([]chunks.Sample, 0, toMins-fromMins+1)
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			series1Samples = append(series1Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, ts))
 			series2Samples = append(series2Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, 2*ts))
 		}
@@ -4730,8 +4730,8 @@ func testOOOCompactionWithNormalCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScen
 
 	addSamples := func(fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, _, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			_, _, err = scenario.appendFunc(app, series2, ts, 2*ts)
@@ -4785,8 +4785,8 @@ func testOOOCompactionWithNormalCompaction(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScen
 	verifySamples := func(block *Block, fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		series1Samples := make([]chunks.Sample, 0, toMins-fromMins+1)
 		series2Samples := make([]chunks.Sample, 0, toMins-fromMins+1)
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			series1Samples = append(series1Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, ts))
 			series2Samples = append(series2Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, 2*ts))
 		}
@@ -4839,8 +4839,8 @@ func testOOOCompactionWithDisabledWriteLog(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScen
 
 	addSamples := func(fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, _, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			_, _, err = scenario.appendFunc(app, series2, ts, 2*ts)
@@ -4894,8 +4894,8 @@ func testOOOCompactionWithDisabledWriteLog(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScen
 	verifySamples := func(block *Block, fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		series1Samples := make([]chunks.Sample, 0, toMins-fromMins+1)
 		series2Samples := make([]chunks.Sample, 0, toMins-fromMins+1)
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			series1Samples = append(series1Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, ts))
 			series2Samples = append(series2Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, 2*ts))
 		}
@@ -4948,8 +4948,8 @@ func testOOOQueryAfterRestartWithSnapshotAndRemovedWBL(t *testing.T, scenario sa
 
 	addSamples := func(fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, _, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			_, _, err = scenario.appendFunc(app, series2, ts, 2*ts)
@@ -4996,8 +4996,8 @@ func testOOOQueryAfterRestartWithSnapshotAndRemovedWBL(t *testing.T, scenario sa
 	verifySamples := func(fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		series1Samples := make([]chunks.Sample, 0, toMins-fromMins+1)
 		series2Samples := make([]chunks.Sample, 0, toMins-fromMins+1)
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			series1Samples = append(series1Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, ts))
 			series2Samples = append(series2Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, ts*2))
 		}
@@ -5045,10 +5045,10 @@ func Test_Querier_OOOQuery(t *testing.T) {
 	addSample := func(db *DB, fromMins, toMins, queryMinT, queryMaxT int64, expSamples []chunks.Sample) ([]chunks.Sample, int) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
 		totalAppended := 0
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
-			_, err := app.Append(0, series1, min, float64(min))
-			if min >= queryMinT && min <= queryMaxT {
-				expSamples = append(expSamples, sample{t: min, f: float64(min)})
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
+			_, err := app.Append(0, series1, m, float64(m))
+			if m >= queryMinT && m <= queryMaxT {
+				expSamples = append(expSamples, sample{t: m, f: float64(m)})
 			}
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			totalAppended++
@@ -5129,10 +5129,10 @@ func Test_ChunkQuerier_OOOQuery(t *testing.T) {
 	addSample := func(db *DB, fromMins, toMins, queryMinT, queryMaxT int64, expSamples []chunks.Sample) ([]chunks.Sample, int) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
 		totalAppended := 0
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
-			_, err := app.Append(0, series1, min, float64(min))
-			if min >= queryMinT && min <= queryMaxT {
-				expSamples = append(expSamples, sample{t: min, f: float64(min)})
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
+			_, err := app.Append(0, series1, m, float64(m))
+			if m >= queryMinT && m <= queryMaxT {
+				expSamples = append(expSamples, sample{t: m, f: float64(m)})
 			}
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			totalAppended++
@@ -5239,9 +5239,9 @@ func testOOOAppendAndQuery(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
 		key := lbls.String()
 		from, to := minutes(fromMins), minutes(toMins)
-		for min := from; min <= to; min += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
+		for m := from; m <= to; m += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
 			val := rand.Intn(1000)
-			_, s, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, lbls, min, int64(val))
+			_, s, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, lbls, m, int64(val))
 			if faceError {
 				require.Error(t, err)
 			} else {
@@ -5370,14 +5370,14 @@ func testOOODisabled(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
 		key := lbls.String()
 		from, to := minutes(fromMins), minutes(toMins)
-		for min := from; min <= to; min += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
-			_, _, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, lbls, min, min)
+		for m := from; m <= to; m += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
+			_, _, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, lbls, m, m)
 			if faceError {
 				require.Error(t, err)
 				failedSamples++
 			} else {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
-				expSamples[key] = append(expSamples[key], scenario.sampleFunc(min, min))
+				expSamples[key] = append(expSamples[key], scenario.sampleFunc(m, m))
 				totalSamples++
 			}
 		}
@@ -5444,9 +5444,9 @@ func testWBLAndMmapReplay(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
 		key := lbls.String()
 		from, to := minutes(fromMins), minutes(toMins)
-		for min := from; min <= to; min += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
+		for m := from; m <= to; m += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
 			val := rand.Intn(1000)
-			_, s, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, lbls, min, int64(val))
+			_, s, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, lbls, m, int64(val))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			expSamples[key] = append(expSamples[key], s)
 			totalSamples++
@@ -5635,8 +5635,8 @@ func testOOOCompactionFailure(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 
 	addSample := func(fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, _, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 		}
@@ -5723,8 +5723,8 @@ func testOOOCompactionFailure(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 
 	verifySamples := func(block *Block, fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		series1Samples := make([]chunks.Sample, 0, toMins-fromMins+1)
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			series1Samples = append(series1Samples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, ts))
 		}
 		expRes := map[string][]chunks.Sample{
@@ -5772,8 +5772,8 @@ func TestWBLCorruption(t *testing.T) {
 	var allSamples, expAfterRestart []chunks.Sample
 	addSamples := func(fromMins, toMins int64, afterRestart bool) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, err := app.Append(0, series1, ts, float64(ts))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			allSamples = append(allSamples, sample{t: ts, f: float64(ts)})
@@ -5926,8 +5926,8 @@ func testOOOMmapCorruption(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	var allSamples, expInMmapChunks []chunks.Sample
 	addSamples := func(fromMins, toMins int64, inMmapAfterCorruption bool) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, s, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			allSamples = append(allSamples, s)
@@ -6071,8 +6071,8 @@ func testOutOfOrderRuntimeConfig(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	series1 := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar1")
 	addSamples := func(t *testing.T, db *DB, fromMins, toMins int64, success bool, allSamples []chunks.Sample) []chunks.Sample {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, s, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			if success {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -6105,7 +6105,7 @@ func testOutOfOrderRuntimeConfig(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 		// WBL is not empty.
 		size, err := db.head.wbl.Size()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Greater(t, size, int64(0))
+		require.Positive(t, size)
 
 		require.Empty(t, db.Blocks())
 		require.NoError(t, db.compactOOOHead(ctx))
@@ -6282,8 +6282,8 @@ func testNoGapAfterRestartWithOOO(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	series1 := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar1")
 	addSamples := func(t *testing.T, db *DB, fromMins, toMins int64, success bool) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, _, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			if success {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -6296,8 +6296,8 @@ func testNoGapAfterRestartWithOOO(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 
 	verifySamples := func(t *testing.T, db *DB, fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		var expSamples []chunks.Sample
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			expSamples = append(expSamples, scenario.sampleFunc(ts, ts))
 		}
 
@@ -6410,8 +6410,8 @@ func testWblReplayAfterOOODisableAndRestart(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeSce
 	var allSamples []chunks.Sample
 	addSamples := func(fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, s, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			allSamples = append(allSamples, s)
@@ -6477,8 +6477,8 @@ func testPanicOnApplyConfig(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 	var allSamples []chunks.Sample
 	addSamples := func(fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, s, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			allSamples = append(allSamples, s)
@@ -6534,8 +6534,8 @@ func testDiskFillingUpAfterDisablingOOO(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenari
 	var allSamples []chunks.Sample
 	addSamples := func(fromMins, toMins int64) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
-		for min := fromMins; min <= toMins; min++ {
-			ts := min * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
+		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m++ {
+			ts := m * time.Minute.Milliseconds()
 			_, s, err := scenario.appendFunc(app, series1, ts, ts)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			allSamples = append(allSamples, s)
diff --git a/tsdb/head_append.go b/tsdb/head_append.go
index b66ac7278..988ce9397 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_append.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_append.go
@@ -1403,12 +1403,12 @@ func (s *memSeries) histogramsAppendPreprocessor(t int64, e chunkenc.Encoding, o
 // It assumes that the time range is 1/ratioToFull full.
 // Assuming that the samples will keep arriving at the same rate, it will make the
 // remaining n chunks within this chunk range (before max) equally sized.
-func computeChunkEndTime(start, cur, max int64, ratioToFull float64) int64 {
-	n := float64(max-start) / (float64(cur-start+1) * ratioToFull)
+func computeChunkEndTime(start, cur, maxT int64, ratioToFull float64) int64 {
+	n := float64(maxT-start) / (float64(cur-start+1) * ratioToFull)
 	if n <= 1 {
-		return max
+		return maxT
 	}
-	return int64(float64(start) + float64(max-start)/math.Floor(n))
+	return int64(float64(start) + float64(maxT-start)/math.Floor(n))
 }
 
 func (s *memSeries) cutNewHeadChunk(mint int64, e chunkenc.Encoding, chunkRange int64) *memChunk {
diff --git a/tsdb/head_test.go b/tsdb/head_test.go
index f73ce38ba..0ce60b849 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_test.go
@@ -2757,7 +2757,7 @@ func testOutOfOrderSamplesMetric(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 
 	require.Equal(t, int64(math.MinInt64), db.head.minValidTime.Load())
 	require.NoError(t, db.Compact(ctx))
-	require.Greater(t, db.head.minValidTime.Load(), int64(0))
+	require.Positive(t, db.head.minValidTime.Load())
 
 	app = db.Appender(ctx)
 	_, err = appendSample(app, db.head.minValidTime.Load()-2)
@@ -3677,7 +3677,7 @@ func TestHistogramInWALAndMmapChunk(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, ms.mmappedChunks, 25)
 	expMmapChunks := make([]*mmappedChunk, 0, 20)
 	for _, mmap := range ms.mmappedChunks {
-		require.Greater(t, mmap.numSamples, uint16(0))
+		require.Positive(t, mmap.numSamples)
 		cpy := *mmap
 		expMmapChunks = append(expMmapChunks, &cpy)
 	}
diff --git a/tsdb/index/postingsstats_test.go b/tsdb/index/postingsstats_test.go
index 674e1c052..82f506bc8 100644
--- a/tsdb/index/postingsstats_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/index/postingsstats_test.go
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ import (
 
 func TestPostingsStats(t *testing.T) {
 	stats := &maxHeap{}
-	max := 3000000
-	heapLength := 10
+	const maxCount = 3000000
+	const heapLength = 10
 	stats.init(heapLength)
-	for i := 0; i < max; i++ {
+	for i := 0; i < maxCount; i++ {
 		item := Stat{
 			Name:  "Label-da",
 			Count: uint64(i),
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ func TestPostingsStats(t *testing.T) {
 	data := stats.get()
 	require.Len(t, data, 10)
 	for i := 0; i < heapLength; i++ {
-		require.Equal(t, uint64(max-i), data[i].Count)
+		require.Equal(t, uint64(maxCount-i), data[i].Count)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestPostingsStats2(t *testing.T) {
 	stats := &maxHeap{}
-	heapLength := 10
+	const heapLength = 10
 
 	stats.init(heapLength)
 	stats.push(Stat{Name: "Stuff", Count: 10})
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ func TestPostingsStats2(t *testing.T) {
 
 func BenchmarkPostingStatsMaxHep(b *testing.B) {
 	stats := &maxHeap{}
-	max := 9000000
-	heapLength := 10
+	const maxCount = 9000000
+	const heapLength = 10
 	b.ResetTimer()
 	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
 		stats.init(heapLength)
-		for i := 0; i < max; i++ {
+		for i := 0; i < maxCount; i++ {
 			item := Stat{
 				Name:  "Label-da",
 				Count: uint64(i),
diff --git a/tsdb/wlog/wlog.go b/tsdb/wlog/wlog.go
index 668fbb5fb..993e930ce 100644
--- a/tsdb/wlog/wlog.go
+++ b/tsdb/wlog/wlog.go
@@ -612,16 +612,16 @@ func (w *WL) setSegment(segment *Segment) error {
 
 // flushPage writes the new contents of the page to disk. If no more records will fit into
 // the page, the remaining bytes will be set to zero and a new page will be started.
-// If clear is true, this is enforced regardless of how many bytes are left in the page.
-func (w *WL) flushPage(clear bool) error {
+// If forceClear is true, this is enforced regardless of how many bytes are left in the page.
+func (w *WL) flushPage(forceClear bool) error {
 	w.metrics.pageFlushes.Inc()
 
 	p := w.page
-	clear = clear || p.full()
+	shouldClear := forceClear || p.full()
 
 	// No more data will fit into the page or an implicit clear.
 	// Enqueue and clear it.
-	if clear {
+	if shouldClear {
 		p.alloc = pageSize // Write till end of page.
 	}
 
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ func (w *WL) flushPage(clear bool) error {
 	p.flushed += n
 
 	// We flushed an entire page, prepare a new one.
-	if clear {
+	if shouldClear {
 		p.reset()
 		w.donePages++
 		w.metrics.pageCompletions.Inc()
diff --git a/util/testutil/directory.go b/util/testutil/directory.go
index 8aa17702d..38dabd183 100644
--- a/util/testutil/directory.go
+++ b/util/testutil/directory.go
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func DirHash(t *testing.T, path string) []byte {
 		modTime, err := info.ModTime().GobEncode()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		_, err = io.WriteString(hash, string(modTime))
+		_, err = hash.Write(modTime)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		return nil
 	})
diff --git a/web/web.go b/web/web.go
index 9426ed935..9fba6fc95 100644
--- a/web/web.go
+++ b/web/web.go
@@ -481,14 +481,14 @@ func New(logger log.Logger, o *Options) *Handler {
 
 	router.Get("/-/healthy", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, o.AppName+" is Healthy.\n")
+		fmt.Fprint(w, o.AppName+" is Healthy.\n")
 	})
 	router.Head("/-/healthy", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 	})
 	router.Get("/-/ready", readyf(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, o.AppName+" is Ready.\n")
+		fmt.Fprint(w, o.AppName+" is Ready.\n")
 	}))
 	router.Head("/-/ready", readyf(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)

From 4023c2405a32686a5fd3779fd310d0307922d445 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2024 10:43:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 115/180] Update web/web.go

Co-authored-by: Julien <291750+roidelapluie@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 web/web.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/web/web.go b/web/web.go
index 9fba6fc95..5cc23760a 100644
--- a/web/web.go
+++ b/web/web.go
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ func New(logger log.Logger, o *Options) *Handler {
 
 	router.Get("/-/healthy", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		fmt.Fprint(w, o.AppName+" is Healthy.\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s is Healthy.\n", o.AppName)
 	})
 	router.Head("/-/healthy", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)

From ee4715064649514c06cda0b1a267484e2af7a1da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2024 10:43:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 116/180] Update web/web.go

Co-authored-by: Julien <291750+roidelapluie@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 web/web.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/web/web.go b/web/web.go
index 5cc23760a..8e84acd03 100644
--- a/web/web.go
+++ b/web/web.go
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ func New(logger log.Logger, o *Options) *Handler {
 	})
 	router.Get("/-/ready", readyf(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		fmt.Fprint(w, o.AppName+" is Ready.\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s is Ready.\n", o.AppName)
 	}))
 	router.Head("/-/ready", readyf(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)

From 250aa5031dc5e66ad6b7d1e077461cad64e15b10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2024 10:50:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 117/180] Remove empty line

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 notifier/notifier.go | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/notifier/notifier.go b/notifier/notifier.go
index 2ebfbbee5..218e4cb8c 100644
--- a/notifier/notifier.go
+++ b/notifier/notifier.go
@@ -674,7 +674,6 @@ func (n *Manager) sendOne(ctx context.Context, c *http.Client, url string, b []b
 	}()
 
 	// Any HTTP status 2xx is OK.
-
 	if resp.StatusCode/100 != 2 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("bad response status %s", resp.Status)
 	}

From 144470c7b011be44ab73e4fb3d7fe228f401a016 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2024 10:58:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 118/180] [BUGFIX] Scraping: allow multiple samples on same
 series (#14685)

So long as they specify timestamps. We don't check that the timestamps
are different.

Extend test, and use client_golang/prometheus/testutil to simplify metric check.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 scrape/scrape.go      |  2 +-
 scrape/scrape_test.go | 16 ++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scrape/scrape.go b/scrape/scrape.go
index 68411a62e..ccb068b68 100644
--- a/scrape/scrape.go
+++ b/scrape/scrape.go
@@ -1631,7 +1631,7 @@ loop:
 			updateMetadata(lset, true)
 		}
 
-		if seriesAlreadyScraped {
+		if seriesAlreadyScraped && parsedTimestamp == nil {
 			err = storage.ErrDuplicateSampleForTimestamp
 		} else {
 			if ctMs := p.CreatedTimestamp(); sl.enableCTZeroIngestion && ctMs != nil {
diff --git a/scrape/scrape_test.go b/scrape/scrape_test.go
index a3fe6ac1a..c5a0b8b83 100644
--- a/scrape/scrape_test.go
+++ b/scrape/scrape_test.go
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	prom_testutil "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
 	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
 	config_util "github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
@@ -3627,6 +3628,7 @@ func TestScrapeLoopSeriesAddedDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, 3, total)
 	require.Equal(t, 3, added)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, seriesAdded)
+	require.Equal(t, 2.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(sl.metrics.targetScrapeSampleDuplicate))
 
 	slApp = sl.appender(ctx)
 	total, added, seriesAdded, err = sl.append(slApp, []byte("test_metric 1\ntest_metric 1\ntest_metric 1\n"), "", time.Time{})
@@ -3635,12 +3637,18 @@ func TestScrapeLoopSeriesAddedDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, 3, total)
 	require.Equal(t, 3, added)
 	require.Equal(t, 0, seriesAdded)
+	require.Equal(t, 4.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(sl.metrics.targetScrapeSampleDuplicate))
 
-	metric := dto.Metric{}
-	err = sl.metrics.targetScrapeSampleDuplicate.Write(&metric)
+	// When different timestamps are supplied, multiple samples are accepted.
+	slApp = sl.appender(ctx)
+	total, added, seriesAdded, err = sl.append(slApp, []byte("test_metric 1 1001\ntest_metric 1 1002\ntest_metric 1 1003\n"), "", time.Time{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	value := metric.GetCounter().GetValue()
-	require.Equal(t, 4.0, value)
+	require.NoError(t, slApp.Commit())
+	require.Equal(t, 3, total)
+	require.Equal(t, 3, added)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, seriesAdded)
+	// Metric is not higher than last time.
+	require.Equal(t, 4.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(sl.metrics.targetScrapeSampleDuplicate))
 }
 
 // This tests running a full scrape loop and checking that the scrape option

From 89dee48cc81df4091ae1f9c1e402f32b47183440 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "ouyang1204@gmail.com" <ouyang1204@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2024 15:31:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 119/180] fix the issue of failing to match the first network
 when the container is reconnected to a new network

Signed-off-by: ouyang1204@gmail.com <ouyang1204@gmail.com>
---
 discovery/moby/docker.go                      |  33 +++--
 discovery/moby/docker_test.go                 | 119 ++++++++++++++++--
 .../testdata/dockerprom/containers/json.json  |  69 ++++++++++
 docs/configuration/configuration.md           |   4 +-
 4 files changed, 198 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/discovery/moby/docker.go b/discovery/moby/docker.go
index 11445092e..68f6fe3cc 100644
--- a/discovery/moby/docker.go
+++ b/discovery/moby/docker.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
@@ -251,28 +252,26 @@ func (d *DockerDiscovery) refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]*targetgroup.Group, er
 		}
 
 		if d.matchFirstNetwork && len(networks) > 1 {
-			// Match user defined network
-			if containerNetworkMode.IsUserDefined() {
-				networkMode := string(containerNetworkMode)
-				networks = map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{networkMode: networks[networkMode]}
-			} else {
-				// Get first network if container network mode has "none" value.
-				// This case appears under certain condition:
-				// 1. Container created with network set to "--net=none".
-				// 2. Disconnect network "none".
-				// 3. Reconnect network with user defined networks.
-				var first string
-				for k, n := range networks {
-					if n != nil {
-						first = k
-						break
-					}
+			// Sort networks by name and take first non-nil network.
+			keys := make([]string, 0, len(networks))
+			for k, n := range networks {
+				if n != nil {
+					keys = append(keys, k)
 				}
-				networks = map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{first: networks[first]}
+			}
+			if len(keys) > 0 {
+				sort.Strings(keys)
+				firstNetworkMode := keys[0]
+				firstNetwork := networks[firstNetworkMode]
+				networks = map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{firstNetworkMode: firstNetwork}
 			}
 		}
 
 		for _, n := range networks {
+			if n == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
 			var added bool
 
 			for _, p := range c.Ports {
diff --git a/discovery/moby/docker_test.go b/discovery/moby/docker_test.go
index c108ddf58..398393a15 100644
--- a/discovery/moby/docker_test.go
+++ b/discovery/moby/docker_test.go
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ host: %s
 	tg := tgs[0]
 	require.NotNil(t, tg)
 	require.NotNil(t, tg.Targets)
-	require.Len(t, tg.Targets, 6)
+	require.Len(t, tg.Targets, 8)
 
-	for i, lbls := range []model.LabelSet{
+	expected := []model.LabelSet{
 		{
 			"__address__":                "172.19.0.2:9100",
 			"__meta_docker_container_id": "c301b928faceb1a18fe379f6bc178727ef920bb30b0f9b8592b32b36255a0eca",
@@ -163,7 +163,43 @@ host: %s
 			"__meta_docker_network_scope":                              "local",
 			"__meta_docker_port_private":                               "9104",
 		},
-	} {
+		{
+			"__address__":                "172.20.0.3:3306",
+			"__meta_docker_container_id": "f84b2a0cfaa58d9e70b0657e2b3c6f44f0e973de4163a871299b4acf127b224f",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_project": "dockersd",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_service": "mysql",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_version": "2.2.2",
+			"__meta_docker_container_name":                             "/dockersd_multi_networks",
+			"__meta_docker_container_network_mode":                     "dockersd_private_none",
+			"__meta_docker_network_id":                                 "e804771e55254a360fdb70dfdd78d3610fdde231b14ef2f837a00ac1eeb9e601",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ingress":                            "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_internal":                           "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ip":                                 "172.20.0.3",
+			"__meta_docker_network_name":                               "dockersd_private",
+			"__meta_docker_network_scope":                              "local",
+			"__meta_docker_port_private":                               "3306",
+		},
+		{
+			"__address__":                "172.20.0.3:33060",
+			"__meta_docker_container_id": "f84b2a0cfaa58d9e70b0657e2b3c6f44f0e973de4163a871299b4acf127b224f",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_project": "dockersd",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_service": "mysql",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_version": "2.2.2",
+			"__meta_docker_container_name":                             "/dockersd_multi_networks",
+			"__meta_docker_container_network_mode":                     "dockersd_private_none",
+			"__meta_docker_network_id":                                 "e804771e55254a360fdb70dfdd78d3610fdde231b14ef2f837a00ac1eeb9e601",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ingress":                            "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_internal":                           "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ip":                                 "172.20.0.3",
+			"__meta_docker_network_name":                               "dockersd_private",
+			"__meta_docker_network_scope":                              "local",
+			"__meta_docker_port_private":                               "33060",
+		},
+	}
+	sortFunc(expected)
+	sortFunc(tg.Targets)
+
+	for i, lbls := range expected {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("item %d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
 			require.Equal(t, lbls, tg.Targets[i])
 		})
@@ -202,13 +238,8 @@ host: %s
 	tg := tgs[0]
 	require.NotNil(t, tg)
 	require.NotNil(t, tg.Targets)
-	require.Len(t, tg.Targets, 9)
+	require.Len(t, tg.Targets, 13)
 
-	sortFunc := func(labelSets []model.LabelSet) {
-		sort.Slice(labelSets, func(i, j int) bool {
-			return labelSets[i]["__address__"] < labelSets[j]["__address__"]
-		})
-	}
 	expected := []model.LabelSet{
 		{
 			"__address__":                "172.19.0.2:9100",
@@ -359,6 +390,70 @@ host: %s
 			"__meta_docker_network_scope":                              "local",
 			"__meta_docker_port_private":                               "9104",
 		},
+		{
+			"__address__":                "172.20.0.3:3306",
+			"__meta_docker_container_id": "f84b2a0cfaa58d9e70b0657e2b3c6f44f0e973de4163a871299b4acf127b224f",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_project": "dockersd",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_service": "mysql",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_version": "2.2.2",
+			"__meta_docker_container_name":                             "/dockersd_multi_networks",
+			"__meta_docker_container_network_mode":                     "dockersd_private_none",
+			"__meta_docker_network_id":                                 "e804771e55254a360fdb70dfdd78d3610fdde231b14ef2f837a00ac1eeb9e601",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ingress":                            "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_internal":                           "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ip":                                 "172.20.0.3",
+			"__meta_docker_network_name":                               "dockersd_private",
+			"__meta_docker_network_scope":                              "local",
+			"__meta_docker_port_private":                               "3306",
+		},
+		{
+			"__address__":                "172.20.0.3:33060",
+			"__meta_docker_container_id": "f84b2a0cfaa58d9e70b0657e2b3c6f44f0e973de4163a871299b4acf127b224f",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_project": "dockersd",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_service": "mysql",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_version": "2.2.2",
+			"__meta_docker_container_name":                             "/dockersd_multi_networks",
+			"__meta_docker_container_network_mode":                     "dockersd_private_none",
+			"__meta_docker_network_id":                                 "e804771e55254a360fdb70dfdd78d3610fdde231b14ef2f837a00ac1eeb9e601",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ingress":                            "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_internal":                           "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ip":                                 "172.20.0.3",
+			"__meta_docker_network_name":                               "dockersd_private",
+			"__meta_docker_network_scope":                              "local",
+			"__meta_docker_port_private":                               "33060",
+		},
+		{
+			"__address__":                "172.21.0.3:3306",
+			"__meta_docker_container_id": "f84b2a0cfaa58d9e70b0657e2b3c6f44f0e973de4163a871299b4acf127b224f",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_project": "dockersd",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_service": "mysql",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_version": "2.2.2",
+			"__meta_docker_container_name":                             "/dockersd_multi_networks",
+			"__meta_docker_container_network_mode":                     "dockersd_private_none",
+			"__meta_docker_network_id":                                 "bfcf66a6b64f7d518f009e34290dc3f3c66a08164257ad1afc3bd31d75f656e8",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ingress":                            "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_internal":                           "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ip":                                 "172.21.0.3",
+			"__meta_docker_network_name":                               "dockersd_private1",
+			"__meta_docker_network_scope":                              "local",
+			"__meta_docker_port_private":                               "3306",
+		},
+		{
+			"__address__":                "172.21.0.3:33060",
+			"__meta_docker_container_id": "f84b2a0cfaa58d9e70b0657e2b3c6f44f0e973de4163a871299b4acf127b224f",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_project": "dockersd",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_service": "mysql",
+			"__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_version": "2.2.2",
+			"__meta_docker_container_name":                             "/dockersd_multi_networks",
+			"__meta_docker_container_network_mode":                     "dockersd_private_none",
+			"__meta_docker_network_id":                                 "bfcf66a6b64f7d518f009e34290dc3f3c66a08164257ad1afc3bd31d75f656e8",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ingress":                            "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_internal":                           "false",
+			"__meta_docker_network_ip":                                 "172.21.0.3",
+			"__meta_docker_network_name":                               "dockersd_private1",
+			"__meta_docker_network_scope":                              "local",
+			"__meta_docker_port_private":                               "33060",
+		},
 	}
 
 	sortFunc(expected)
@@ -370,3 +465,9 @@ host: %s
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func sortFunc(labelSets []model.LabelSet) {
+	sort.Slice(labelSets, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return labelSets[i]["__address__"] < labelSets[j]["__address__"]
+	})
+}
diff --git a/discovery/moby/testdata/dockerprom/containers/json.json b/discovery/moby/testdata/dockerprom/containers/json.json
index ebfc56b6d..33406bf9a 100644
--- a/discovery/moby/testdata/dockerprom/containers/json.json
+++ b/discovery/moby/testdata/dockerprom/containers/json.json
@@ -228,5 +228,74 @@
       "Networks": {}
     },
     "Mounts": []
+  },
+  {
+    "Id": "f84b2a0cfaa58d9e70b0657e2b3c6f44f0e973de4163a871299b4acf127b224f",
+    "Names": [
+      "/dockersd_multi_networks"
+    ],
+    "Image": "mysql:5.7.29",
+    "ImageID": "sha256:16ae2f4625ba63a250462bedeece422e741de9f0caf3b1d89fd5b257aca80cd1",
+    "Command": "mysqld",
+    "Created": 1616273136,
+    "Ports": [
+      {
+        "PrivatePort": 3306,
+        "Type": "tcp"
+      },
+      {
+        "PrivatePort": 33060,
+        "Type": "tcp"
+      }
+    ],
+    "Labels": {
+      "com.docker.compose.project": "dockersd",
+      "com.docker.compose.service": "mysql",
+      "com.docker.compose.version": "2.2.2"
+    },
+    "State": "running",
+    "Status": "Up 40 seconds",
+    "HostConfig": {
+      "NetworkMode": "dockersd_private_none"
+    },
+    "NetworkSettings": {
+      "Networks": {
+        "dockersd_private": {
+          "IPAMConfig": null,
+          "Links": null,
+          "Aliases": null,
+          "NetworkID": "e804771e55254a360fdb70dfdd78d3610fdde231b14ef2f837a00ac1eeb9e601",
+          "EndpointID": "972d6807997369605ace863af58de6cb90c787a5bf2ffc4105662d393ae539b7",
+          "Gateway": "172.20.0.1",
+          "IPAddress": "172.20.0.3",
+          "IPPrefixLen": 16,
+          "IPv6Gateway": "",
+          "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
+          "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
+          "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:14:00:02",
+          "DriverOpts": null
+        },
+        "dockersd_private1": {
+          "IPAMConfig": {},
+          "Links": null,
+          "Aliases": [
+            "mysql",
+            "mysql",
+            "f9ade4b83199"
+          ],
+          "NetworkID": "bfcf66a6b64f7d518f009e34290dc3f3c66a08164257ad1afc3bd31d75f656e8",
+          "EndpointID": "91a98405344ee1cb7d977cafabe634837876651544b32da20a5e0155868e6f5f",
+          "Gateway": "172.21.0.1",
+          "IPAddress": "172.21.0.3",
+          "IPPrefixLen": 24,
+          "IPv6Gateway": "",
+          "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
+          "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
+          "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:15:00:02",
+          "DriverOpts": null
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "Mounts": []
   }
 ]
diff --git a/docs/configuration/configuration.md b/docs/configuration/configuration.md
index ff24082e4..6ce3d9c48 100644
--- a/docs/configuration/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/configuration.md
@@ -943,7 +943,9 @@ tls_config:
 # The host to use if the container is in host networking mode.
 [ host_networking_host: <string> | default = "localhost" ]
 
-# Match the first network if the container has multiple networks defined, thus avoiding collecting duplicate targets.
+# Sort all non-nil networks in ascending order based on network name and
+# get the first network if the container has multiple networks defined, 
+# thus avoiding collecting duplicate targets.
 [ match_first_network: <boolean> | default = true ]
 
 # Optional filters to limit the discovery process to a subset of available

From 9b5e7623f457db15715f5eba99983ec9c4beab86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julien Pivotto <roidelapluie@o11y.eu>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2024 14:34:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 120/180] Add support for multiple listening addresses

Fixes #9105

Signed-off-by: Julien Pivotto <roidelapluie@o11y.eu>
Signed-off-by: Julien <roidelapluie@o11y.eu>
---
 cmd/prometheus/main.go                 |  14 +-
 docs/command-line/prometheus.md        |   6 +-
 docs/command-line/promtool.md          |  14 +-
 go.mod                                 |   2 +-
 util/documentcli/documentcli.go        |  11 ++
 util/netconnlimit/netconnlimit.go      |  97 ++++++++++++
 util/netconnlimit/netconnlimit_test.go | 124 +++++++++++++++
 web/web.go                             |  38 +++--
 web/web_test.go                        | 208 +++++++++++++++++--------
 9 files changed, 420 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 util/netconnlimit/netconnlimit.go
 create mode 100644 util/netconnlimit/netconnlimit_test.go

diff --git a/cmd/prometheus/main.go b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
index 94924d2c4..c402fbcb8 100644
--- a/cmd/prometheus/main.go
+++ b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ func main() {
 	a.Flag("config.file", "Prometheus configuration file path.").
 		Default("prometheus.yml").StringVar(&cfg.configFile)
 
-	a.Flag("web.listen-address", "Address to listen on for UI, API, and telemetry.").
-		Default("0.0.0.0:9090").StringVar(&cfg.web.ListenAddress)
+	a.Flag("web.listen-address", "Address to listen on for UI, API, and telemetry. Can be repeated.").
+		Default("0.0.0.0:9090").StringsVar(&cfg.web.ListenAddresses)
 
 	a.Flag("auto-gomemlimit.ratio", "The ratio of reserved GOMEMLIMIT memory to the detected maximum container or system memory").
 		Default("0.9").FloatVar(&cfg.memlimitRatio)
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ func main() {
 		"Maximum duration before timing out read of the request, and closing idle connections.").
 		Default("5m").SetValue(&cfg.webTimeout)
 
-	a.Flag("web.max-connections", "Maximum number of simultaneous connections.").
+	a.Flag("web.max-connections", "Maximum number of simultaneous connections across all listeners.").
 		Default("512").IntVar(&cfg.web.MaxConnections)
 
 	a.Flag("web.external-url",
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ func main() {
 		localStoragePath = cfg.agentStoragePath
 	}
 
-	cfg.web.ExternalURL, err = computeExternalURL(cfg.prometheusURL, cfg.web.ListenAddress)
+	cfg.web.ExternalURL, err = computeExternalURL(cfg.prometheusURL, cfg.web.ListenAddresses[0])
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, fmt.Errorf("parse external URL %q: %w", cfg.prometheusURL, err))
 		os.Exit(2)
@@ -990,9 +990,9 @@ func main() {
 		})
 	}
 
-	listener, err := webHandler.Listener()
+	listeners, err := webHandler.Listeners()
 	if err != nil {
-		level.Error(logger).Log("msg", "Unable to start web listener", "err", err)
+		level.Error(logger).Log("msg", "Unable to start web listeners", "err", err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
@@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ func main() {
 		// Web handler.
 		g.Add(
 			func() error {
-				if err := webHandler.Run(ctxWeb, listener, *webConfig); err != nil {
+				if err := webHandler.Run(ctxWeb, listeners, *webConfig); err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("error starting web server: %w", err)
 				}
 				return nil
diff --git a/docs/command-line/prometheus.md b/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
index a16e807e1..f65c260c4 100644
--- a/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
+++ b/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ The Prometheus monitoring server
 | <code class="text-nowrap">-h</code>, <code class="text-nowrap">--help</code> | Show context-sensitive help (also try --help-long and --help-man). |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--version</code> | Show application version. |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--config.file</code> | Prometheus configuration file path. | `prometheus.yml` |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--web.listen-address</code> | Address to listen on for UI, API, and telemetry. | `0.0.0.0:9090` |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--web.listen-address</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | Address to listen on for UI, API, and telemetry. Can be repeated. | `0.0.0.0:9090` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--auto-gomemlimit.ratio</code> | The ratio of reserved GOMEMLIMIT memory to the detected maximum container or system memory | `0.9` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--web.config.file</code> | [EXPERIMENTAL] Path to configuration file that can enable TLS or authentication. |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--web.read-timeout</code> | Maximum duration before timing out read of the request, and closing idle connections. | `5m` |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--web.max-connections</code> | Maximum number of simultaneous connections. | `512` |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--web.max-connections</code> | Maximum number of simultaneous connections across all listeners. | `512` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--web.external-url</code> | The URL under which Prometheus is externally reachable (for example, if Prometheus is served via a reverse proxy). Used for generating relative and absolute links back to Prometheus itself. If the URL has a path portion, it will be used to prefix all HTTP endpoints served by Prometheus. If omitted, relevant URL components will be derived automatically. |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--web.route-prefix</code> | Prefix for the internal routes of web endpoints. Defaults to path of --web.external-url. |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--web.user-assets</code> | Path to static asset directory, available at /user. |  |
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ The Prometheus monitoring server
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--query.max-concurrency</code> | Maximum number of queries executed concurrently. Use with server mode only. | `20` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--query.max-samples</code> | Maximum number of samples a single query can load into memory. Note that queries will fail if they try to load more samples than this into memory, so this also limits the number of samples a query can return. Use with server mode only. | `50000000` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--scrape.name-escaping-scheme</code> | Method for escaping legacy invalid names when sending to Prometheus that does not support UTF-8. Can be one of "values", "underscores", or "dots". | `values` |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--enable-feature</code> | Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval, delayed-compaction, utf8-names. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details. |  |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--enable-feature</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval, delayed-compaction, utf8-names. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details. |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--log.level</code> | Only log messages with the given severity or above. One of: [debug, info, warn, error] | `info` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--log.format</code> | Output format of log messages. One of: [logfmt, json] | `logfmt` |
 
diff --git a/docs/command-line/promtool.md b/docs/command-line/promtool.md
index 6bb80169a..0c397387f 100644
--- a/docs/command-line/promtool.md
+++ b/docs/command-line/promtool.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Tooling for the Prometheus monitoring system.
 | <code class="text-nowrap">-h</code>, <code class="text-nowrap">--help</code> | Show context-sensitive help (also try --help-long and --help-man). |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--version</code> | Show application version. |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--experimental</code> | Enable experimental commands. |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--enable-feature</code> | Comma separated feature names to enable (only PromQL related and no-default-scrape-port). See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for the options and more details. |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--enable-feature</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | Comma separated feature names to enable (only PromQL related and no-default-scrape-port). See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for the options and more details. |
 
 
 
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ Run series query.
 
 | Flag | Description |
 | --- | --- |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--match</code> | Series selector. Can be specified multiple times. |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--match</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | Series selector. Can be specified multiple times. |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--start</code> | Start time (RFC3339 or Unix timestamp). |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--end</code> | End time (RFC3339 or Unix timestamp). |
 
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ Run labels query.
 | --- | --- |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--start</code> | Start time (RFC3339 or Unix timestamp). |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--end</code> | End time (RFC3339 or Unix timestamp). |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--match</code> | Series selector. Can be specified multiple times. |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--match</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | Series selector. Can be specified multiple times. |
 
 
 
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ Run queries against your Prometheus to analyze the usage pattern of certain metr
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--type</code> | Type of metric: histogram. |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--duration</code> | Time frame to analyze. | `1h` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--time</code> | Query time (RFC3339 or Unix timestamp), defaults to now. |  |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--match</code> | Series selector. Can be specified multiple times. |  |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--match</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | Series selector. Can be specified multiple times. |  |
 
 
 
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ Unit tests for rules.
 
 | Flag | Description | Default |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--run</code> | If set, will only run test groups whose names match the regular expression. Can be specified multiple times. |  |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--run</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | If set, will only run test groups whose names match the regular expression. Can be specified multiple times. |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--diff</code> | [Experimental] Print colored differential output between expected & received output. | `false` |
 
 
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ Dump samples from a TSDB.
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--sandbox-dir-root</code> | Root directory where a sandbox directory would be created in case WAL replay generates chunks. The sandbox directory is cleaned up at the end. | `data/` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--min-time</code> | Minimum timestamp to dump. | `-9223372036854775808` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--max-time</code> | Maximum timestamp to dump. | `9223372036854775807` |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--match</code> | Series selector. Can be specified multiple times. | `{__name__=~'(?s:.*)'}` |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--match</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | Series selector. Can be specified multiple times. | `{__name__=~'(?s:.*)'}` |
 
 
 
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ Dump samples from a TSDB.
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--sandbox-dir-root</code> | Root directory where a sandbox directory would be created in case WAL replay generates chunks. The sandbox directory is cleaned up at the end. | `data/` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--min-time</code> | Minimum timestamp to dump. | `-9223372036854775808` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--max-time</code> | Maximum timestamp to dump. | `9223372036854775807` |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--match</code> | Series selector. Can be specified multiple times. | `{__name__=~'(?s:.*)'}` |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--match</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | Series selector. Can be specified multiple times. | `{__name__=~'(?s:.*)'}` |
 
 
 
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 1c92e52bd..50d560bc3 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3
 	go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0
@@ -190,6 +189,7 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240119083558-1b970713d09a // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.19.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/term v0.22.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240730163845-b1a4ccb954bf // indirect
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
diff --git a/util/documentcli/documentcli.go b/util/documentcli/documentcli.go
index 9de2bb8d4..6964952af 100644
--- a/util/documentcli/documentcli.go
+++ b/util/documentcli/documentcli.go
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/alecthomas/kingpin/v2"
@@ -75,6 +76,16 @@ func createFlagRow(flag *kingpin.FlagModel) []string {
 		name = fmt.Sprintf(`<code class="text-nowrap">-%c</code>, <code class="text-nowrap">--%s</code>`, flag.Short, flag.Name)
 	}
 
+	valueType := reflect.TypeOf(flag.Value)
+	if valueType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		valueType = valueType.Elem()
+	}
+	if valueType.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+		if _, found := valueType.FieldByName("slice"); found {
+			name = fmt.Sprintf(`%s <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap">`, name)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return []string{name, strings.ReplaceAll(flag.Help, "|", `\|`), defaultVal}
 }
 
diff --git a/util/netconnlimit/netconnlimit.go b/util/netconnlimit/netconnlimit.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3bdd805b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/netconnlimit/netconnlimit.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Prometheus Authors
+// Based on golang.org/x/net/netutil:
+//   Copyright 2013 The Go Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package netconnlimit provides network utility functions for limiting
+// simultaneous connections across multiple listeners.
+package netconnlimit
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// NewSharedSemaphore creates and returns a new semaphore channel that can be used
+// to limit the number of simultaneous connections across multiple listeners.
+func NewSharedSemaphore(n int) chan struct{} {
+	return make(chan struct{}, n)
+}
+
+// SharedLimitListener returns a listener that accepts at most n simultaneous
+// connections across multiple listeners using the provided shared semaphore.
+func SharedLimitListener(l net.Listener, sem chan struct{}) net.Listener {
+	return &sharedLimitListener{
+		Listener: l,
+		sem:      sem,
+		done:     make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+type sharedLimitListener struct {
+	net.Listener
+	sem       chan struct{}
+	closeOnce sync.Once     // Ensures the done chan is only closed once.
+	done      chan struct{} // No values sent; closed when Close is called.
+}
+
+// Acquire acquires the shared semaphore. Returns true if successfully
+// acquired, false if the listener is closed and the semaphore is not
+// acquired.
+func (l *sharedLimitListener) acquire() bool {
+	select {
+	case <-l.done:
+		return false
+	case l.sem <- struct{}{}:
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *sharedLimitListener) release() { <-l.sem }
+
+func (l *sharedLimitListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
+	if !l.acquire() {
+		for {
+			c, err := l.Listener.Accept()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			c.Close()
+		}
+	}
+
+	c, err := l.Listener.Accept()
+	if err != nil {
+		l.release()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &sharedLimitListenerConn{Conn: c, release: l.release}, nil
+}
+
+func (l *sharedLimitListener) Close() error {
+	err := l.Listener.Close()
+	l.closeOnce.Do(func() { close(l.done) })
+	return err
+}
+
+type sharedLimitListenerConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	releaseOnce sync.Once
+	release     func()
+}
+
+func (l *sharedLimitListenerConn) Close() error {
+	err := l.Conn.Close()
+	l.releaseOnce.Do(l.release)
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/util/netconnlimit/netconnlimit_test.go b/util/netconnlimit/netconnlimit_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4d490420
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/netconnlimit/netconnlimit_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+package netconnlimit
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSharedLimitListenerConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		semCapacity int
+		connCount   int
+		expected    int // Expected number of connections processed simultaneously.
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "Single connection allowed",
+			semCapacity: 1,
+			connCount:   3,
+			expected:    1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Two connections allowed",
+			semCapacity: 2,
+			connCount:   3,
+			expected:    2,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Three connections allowed",
+			semCapacity: 3,
+			connCount:   3,
+			expected:    3,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			sem := NewSharedSemaphore(tc.semCapacity)
+			listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+			require.NoError(t, err, "failed to create listener")
+			defer listener.Close()
+
+			limitedListener := SharedLimitListener(listener, sem)
+
+			var wg sync.WaitGroup
+			var activeConnCount int64
+			var mu sync.Mutex
+
+			wg.Add(tc.connCount)
+
+			// Accept connections.
+			for i := 0; i < tc.connCount; i++ {
+				go func() {
+					defer wg.Done()
+
+					conn, err := limitedListener.Accept()
+					require.NoError(t, err, "failed to accept connection")
+					defer conn.Close()
+
+					// Simulate work and track the active connection count.
+					mu.Lock()
+					activeConnCount++
+					require.LessOrEqual(t, activeConnCount, int64(tc.expected), "too many simultaneous connections")
+					mu.Unlock()
+
+					time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+					mu.Lock()
+					activeConnCount--
+					mu.Unlock()
+				}()
+			}
+
+			// Create clients that attempt to connect to the listener.
+			for i := 0; i < tc.connCount; i++ {
+				go func() {
+					conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", listener.Addr().String())
+					require.NoError(t, err, "failed to connect to listener")
+					defer conn.Close()
+					_, _ = io.WriteString(conn, "hello")
+				}()
+			}
+
+			wg.Wait()
+
+			// Ensure all connections are released and semaphore is empty.
+			require.Empty(t, sem)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSharedLimitListenerClose(t *testing.T) {
+	sem := NewSharedSemaphore(2)
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to create listener")
+
+	limitedListener := SharedLimitListener(listener, sem)
+
+	// Close the listener and ensure it does not accept new connections.
+	err = limitedListener.Close()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to close listener")
+
+	conn, err := limitedListener.Accept()
+	require.Error(t, err, "expected error on accept after listener closed")
+	if conn != nil {
+		conn.Close()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/web/web.go b/web/web.go
index 8e84acd03..098baa055 100644
--- a/web/web.go
+++ b/web/web.go
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ import (
 	toolkit_web "github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit/web"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp"
 	"go.uber.org/atomic"
-	"golang.org/x/net/netutil"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/notifier"
@@ -59,6 +58,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/template"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/httputil"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/netconnlimit"
 	api_v1 "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/web/api/v1"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/web/ui"
 )
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ type Options struct {
 	Version               *PrometheusVersion
 	Flags                 map[string]string
 
-	ListenAddress              string
+	ListenAddresses            []string
 	CORSOrigin                 *regexp.Regexp
 	ReadTimeout                time.Duration
 	MaxConnections             int
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ func New(logger log.Logger, o *Options) *Handler {
 		},
 		o.Flags,
 		api_v1.GlobalURLOptions{
-			ListenAddress: o.ListenAddress,
+			ListenAddress: o.ListenAddresses[0],
 			Host:          o.ExternalURL.Host,
 			Scheme:        o.ExternalURL.Scheme,
 		},
@@ -566,15 +566,29 @@ func (h *Handler) Reload() <-chan chan error {
 	return h.reloadCh
 }
 
-// Listener creates the TCP listener for web requests.
-func (h *Handler) Listener() (net.Listener, error) {
-	level.Info(h.logger).Log("msg", "Start listening for connections", "address", h.options.ListenAddress)
+// Listeners creates the TCP listeners for web requests.
+func (h *Handler) Listeners() ([]net.Listener, error) {
+	var listeners []net.Listener
+	sem := netconnlimit.NewSharedSemaphore(h.options.MaxConnections)
+	for _, address := range h.options.ListenAddresses {
+		listener, err := h.Listener(address, sem)
+		if err != nil {
+			return listeners, err
+		}
+		listeners = append(listeners, listener)
+	}
+	return listeners, nil
+}
 
-	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", h.options.ListenAddress)
+// Listener creates the TCP listener for web requests.
+func (h *Handler) Listener(address string, sem chan struct{}) (net.Listener, error) {
+	level.Info(h.logger).Log("msg", "Start listening for connections", "address", address)
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", address)
 	if err != nil {
 		return listener, err
 	}
-	listener = netutil.LimitListener(listener, h.options.MaxConnections)
+	listener = netconnlimit.SharedLimitListener(listener, sem)
 
 	// Monitor incoming connections with conntrack.
 	listener = conntrack.NewListener(listener,
@@ -585,10 +599,10 @@ func (h *Handler) Listener() (net.Listener, error) {
 }
 
 // Run serves the HTTP endpoints.
-func (h *Handler) Run(ctx context.Context, listener net.Listener, webConfig string) error {
-	if listener == nil {
+func (h *Handler) Run(ctx context.Context, listeners []net.Listener, webConfig string) error {
+	if len(listeners) == 0 {
 		var err error
-		listener, err = h.Listener()
+		listeners, err = h.Listeners()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -623,7 +637,7 @@ func (h *Handler) Run(ctx context.Context, listener net.Listener, webConfig stri
 
 	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
 	go func() {
-		errCh <- toolkit_web.Serve(listener, httpSrv, &toolkit_web.FlagConfig{WebConfigFile: &webConfig}, h.logger)
+		errCh <- toolkit_web.ServeMultiple(listeners, httpSrv, &toolkit_web.FlagConfig{WebConfigFile: &webConfig}, h.logger)
 	}()
 
 	select {
diff --git a/web/web_test.go b/web/web_test.go
index e1fa66fa8..b660746b1 100644
--- a/web/web_test.go
+++ b/web/web_test.go
@@ -73,19 +73,19 @@ func TestReadyAndHealthy(t *testing.T) {
 	port := fmt.Sprintf(":%d", testutil.RandomUnprivilegedPort(t))
 
 	opts := &Options{
-		ListenAddress:  port,
-		ReadTimeout:    30 * time.Second,
-		MaxConnections: 512,
-		Context:        nil,
-		Storage:        nil,
-		LocalStorage:   &dbAdapter{db},
-		TSDBDir:        dbDir,
-		QueryEngine:    nil,
-		ScrapeManager:  &scrape.Manager{},
-		RuleManager:    &rules.Manager{},
-		Notifier:       nil,
-		RoutePrefix:    "/",
-		EnableAdminAPI: true,
+		ListenAddresses: []string{port},
+		ReadTimeout:     30 * time.Second,
+		MaxConnections:  512,
+		Context:         nil,
+		Storage:         nil,
+		LocalStorage:    &dbAdapter{db},
+		TSDBDir:         dbDir,
+		QueryEngine:     nil,
+		ScrapeManager:   &scrape.Manager{},
+		RuleManager:     &rules.Manager{},
+		Notifier:        nil,
+		RoutePrefix:     "/",
+		EnableAdminAPI:  true,
 		ExternalURL: &url.URL{
 			Scheme: "http",
 			Host:   "localhost" + port,
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ func TestReadyAndHealthy(t *testing.T) {
 
 	webHandler.config = &config.Config{}
 	webHandler.notifier = &notifier.Manager{}
-	l, err := webHandler.Listener()
+	l, err := webHandler.Listeners()
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listener: %s", err))
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listeners: %s", err))
 	}
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
@@ -198,19 +198,19 @@ func TestRoutePrefix(t *testing.T) {
 	port := fmt.Sprintf(":%d", testutil.RandomUnprivilegedPort(t))
 
 	opts := &Options{
-		ListenAddress:  port,
-		ReadTimeout:    30 * time.Second,
-		MaxConnections: 512,
-		Context:        nil,
-		TSDBDir:        dbDir,
-		LocalStorage:   &dbAdapter{db},
-		Storage:        nil,
-		QueryEngine:    nil,
-		ScrapeManager:  nil,
-		RuleManager:    nil,
-		Notifier:       nil,
-		RoutePrefix:    "/prometheus",
-		EnableAdminAPI: true,
+		ListenAddresses: []string{port},
+		ReadTimeout:     30 * time.Second,
+		MaxConnections:  512,
+		Context:         nil,
+		TSDBDir:         dbDir,
+		LocalStorage:    &dbAdapter{db},
+		Storage:         nil,
+		QueryEngine:     nil,
+		ScrapeManager:   nil,
+		RuleManager:     nil,
+		Notifier:        nil,
+		RoutePrefix:     "/prometheus",
+		EnableAdminAPI:  true,
 		ExternalURL: &url.URL{
 			Host:   "localhost.localdomain" + port,
 			Scheme: "http",
@@ -220,9 +220,9 @@ func TestRoutePrefix(t *testing.T) {
 	opts.Flags = map[string]string{}
 
 	webHandler := New(nil, opts)
-	l, err := webHandler.Listener()
+	l, err := webHandler.Listeners()
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listener: %s", err))
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listeners: %s", err))
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
@@ -299,8 +299,8 @@ func TestDebugHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		{"/foo", "/bar/debug/pprof/goroutine", 404},
 	} {
 		opts := &Options{
-			RoutePrefix:   tc.prefix,
-			ListenAddress: "somehost:9090",
+			RoutePrefix:     tc.prefix,
+			ListenAddresses: []string{"somehost:9090"},
 			ExternalURL: &url.URL{
 				Host:   "localhost.localdomain:9090",
 				Scheme: "http",
@@ -324,8 +324,8 @@ func TestDebugHandler(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHTTPMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler := New(nil, &Options{
-		RoutePrefix:   "/",
-		ListenAddress: "somehost:9090",
+		RoutePrefix:     "/",
+		ListenAddresses: []string{"somehost:9090"},
 		ExternalURL: &url.URL{
 			Host:   "localhost.localdomain:9090",
 			Scheme: "http",
@@ -381,18 +381,18 @@ func TestShutdownWithStaleConnection(t *testing.T) {
 	port := fmt.Sprintf(":%d", testutil.RandomUnprivilegedPort(t))
 
 	opts := &Options{
-		ListenAddress:  port,
-		ReadTimeout:    timeout,
-		MaxConnections: 512,
-		Context:        nil,
-		Storage:        nil,
-		LocalStorage:   &dbAdapter{db},
-		TSDBDir:        dbDir,
-		QueryEngine:    nil,
-		ScrapeManager:  &scrape.Manager{},
-		RuleManager:    &rules.Manager{},
-		Notifier:       nil,
-		RoutePrefix:    "/",
+		ListenAddresses: []string{port},
+		ReadTimeout:     timeout,
+		MaxConnections:  512,
+		Context:         nil,
+		Storage:         nil,
+		LocalStorage:    &dbAdapter{db},
+		TSDBDir:         dbDir,
+		QueryEngine:     nil,
+		ScrapeManager:   &scrape.Manager{},
+		RuleManager:     &rules.Manager{},
+		Notifier:        nil,
+		RoutePrefix:     "/",
 		ExternalURL: &url.URL{
 			Scheme: "http",
 			Host:   "localhost" + port,
@@ -408,9 +408,9 @@ func TestShutdownWithStaleConnection(t *testing.T) {
 
 	webHandler.config = &config.Config{}
 	webHandler.notifier = &notifier.Manager{}
-	l, err := webHandler.Listener()
+	l, err := webHandler.Listeners()
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listener: %s", err))
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listeners: %s", err))
 	}
 
 	closed := make(chan struct{})
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ func TestHandleMultipleQuitRequests(t *testing.T) {
 	port := fmt.Sprintf(":%d", testutil.RandomUnprivilegedPort(t))
 
 	opts := &Options{
-		ListenAddress:   port,
+		ListenAddresses: []string{port},
 		MaxConnections:  512,
 		EnableLifecycle: true,
 		RoutePrefix:     "/",
@@ -461,9 +461,9 @@ func TestHandleMultipleQuitRequests(t *testing.T) {
 	webHandler := New(nil, opts)
 	webHandler.config = &config.Config{}
 	webHandler.notifier = &notifier.Manager{}
-	l, err := webHandler.Listener()
+	l, err := webHandler.Listeners()
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listener: %s", err))
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listeners: %s", err))
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	closed := make(chan struct{})
@@ -513,17 +513,17 @@ func TestAgentAPIEndPoints(t *testing.T) {
 	port := fmt.Sprintf(":%d", testutil.RandomUnprivilegedPort(t))
 
 	opts := &Options{
-		ListenAddress:  port,
-		ReadTimeout:    30 * time.Second,
-		MaxConnections: 512,
-		Context:        nil,
-		Storage:        nil,
-		QueryEngine:    nil,
-		ScrapeManager:  &scrape.Manager{},
-		RuleManager:    &rules.Manager{},
-		Notifier:       nil,
-		RoutePrefix:    "/",
-		EnableAdminAPI: true,
+		ListenAddresses: []string{port},
+		ReadTimeout:     30 * time.Second,
+		MaxConnections:  512,
+		Context:         nil,
+		Storage:         nil,
+		QueryEngine:     nil,
+		ScrapeManager:   &scrape.Manager{},
+		RuleManager:     &rules.Manager{},
+		Notifier:        nil,
+		RoutePrefix:     "/",
+		EnableAdminAPI:  true,
 		ExternalURL: &url.URL{
 			Scheme: "http",
 			Host:   "localhost" + port,
@@ -540,9 +540,9 @@ func TestAgentAPIEndPoints(t *testing.T) {
 	webHandler.SetReady(true)
 	webHandler.config = &config.Config{}
 	webHandler.notifier = &notifier.Manager{}
-	l, err := webHandler.Listener()
+	l, err := webHandler.Listeners()
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listener: %s", err))
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listeners: %s", err))
 	}
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
@@ -628,3 +628,83 @@ func cleanupSnapshot(t *testing.T, dbDir string, resp *http.Response) {
 	require.NoError(t, os.Remove(filepath.Join(dbDir, "snapshots", snapshot.Data.Name)))
 	require.NoError(t, os.Remove(filepath.Join(dbDir, "snapshots")))
 }
+
+func TestMultipleListenAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	dbDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	db, err := tsdb.Open(dbDir, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, db.Close())
+	})
+
+	// Create multiple ports for testing multiple ListenAddresses
+	port1 := fmt.Sprintf(":%d", testutil.RandomUnprivilegedPort(t))
+	port2 := fmt.Sprintf(":%d", testutil.RandomUnprivilegedPort(t))
+
+	opts := &Options{
+		ListenAddresses: []string{port1, port2},
+		ReadTimeout:     30 * time.Second,
+		MaxConnections:  512,
+		Context:         nil,
+		Storage:         nil,
+		LocalStorage:    &dbAdapter{db},
+		TSDBDir:         dbDir,
+		QueryEngine:     nil,
+		ScrapeManager:   &scrape.Manager{},
+		RuleManager:     &rules.Manager{},
+		Notifier:        nil,
+		RoutePrefix:     "/",
+		EnableAdminAPI:  true,
+		ExternalURL: &url.URL{
+			Scheme: "http",
+			Host:   "localhost" + port1,
+			Path:   "/",
+		},
+		Version:  &PrometheusVersion{},
+		Gatherer: prometheus.DefaultGatherer,
+	}
+
+	opts.Flags = map[string]string{}
+
+	webHandler := New(nil, opts)
+
+	webHandler.config = &config.Config{}
+	webHandler.notifier = &notifier.Manager{}
+	l, err := webHandler.Listeners()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to start web listener: %s", err))
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	go func() {
+		err := webHandler.Run(ctx, l, "")
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Can't start web handler:%s", err))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Give some time for the web goroutine to run since we need the server
+	// to be up before starting tests.
+	time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+	// Set to ready.
+	webHandler.SetReady(true)
+
+	for _, port := range []string{port1, port2} {
+		baseURL := "http://localhost" + port
+
+		resp, err := http.Get(baseURL + "/-/healthy")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
+		cleanupTestResponse(t, resp)
+
+		resp, err = http.Get(baseURL + "/-/ready")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
+		cleanupTestResponse(t, resp)
+	}
+}

From 88cac6fb49958eb83faf8eb166eeec62fbee49a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2024 19:06:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 121/180] docs(configuration.md): clarify the explanations
 about some temp labels and format for better visibility.

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
---
 docs/configuration/configuration.md | 12 ++++++++----
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/configuration/configuration.md b/docs/configuration/configuration.md
index 313a7f2f3..1c43f750b 100644
--- a/docs/configuration/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/configuration.md
@@ -3265,12 +3265,16 @@ Initially, aside from the configured per-target labels, a target's `job`
 label is set to the `job_name` value of the respective scrape configuration.
 The `__address__` label is set to the `<host>:<port>` address of the target.
 After relabeling, the `instance` label is set to the value of `__address__` by default if
-it was not set during relabeling. The `__scheme__` and `__metrics_path__` labels
-are set to the scheme and metrics path of the target respectively. The `__param_<name>`
-label is set to the value of the first passed URL parameter called `<name>`.
+it was not set during relabeling.
+
+The `__scheme__` and `__metrics_path__` labels
+are set to the scheme and metrics path of the target respectively, as specified in `scrape_config`.
+
+The `__param_<name>`
+label is set to the value of the first passed URL parameter called `<name>`, as defined in `scrape_config`.
 
 The `__scrape_interval__` and `__scrape_timeout__` labels are set to the target's
-interval and timeout.
+interval and timeout, as specified in `scrape_config`.
 
 Additional labels prefixed with `__meta_` may be available during the
 relabeling phase. They are set by the service discovery mechanism that provided

From f9f39a4411645778dcd4a2fffe7d97249b5b212e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julien <291750+roidelapluie@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2024 17:09:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 122/180] Extend testing CA certificates (#14696)

Signed-off-by: Julien <roidelapluie@o11y.eu>
---
 scrape/testdata/ca.cer  | 18 +++++++++---------
 tracing/testdata/ca.cer | 18 +++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scrape/testdata/ca.cer b/scrape/testdata/ca.cer
index 86f627a90..df9344392 100644
--- a/scrape/testdata/ca.cer
+++ b/scrape/testdata/ca.cer
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
 MIIDkTCCAnmgAwIBAgIJAJNsnimNN3tmMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMF8xCzAJBgNV
 BAYTAlhYMRUwEwYDVQQHDAxEZWZhdWx0IENpdHkxHDAaBgNVBAoME0RlZmF1bHQg
-Q29tcGFueSBMdGQxGzAZBgNVBAMMElByb21ldGhldXMgVGVzdCBDQTAeFw0xNTA4
-MDQxNDA5MjFaFw0yNTA4MDExNDA5MjFaMF8xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlhYMRUwEwYDVQQH
+Q29tcGFueSBMdGQxGzAZBgNVBAMMElByb21ldGhldXMgVGVzdCBDQTAeFw0yNDA4
+MjAxMTUxMjNaFw00NDEyMDUxMTUxMjNaMF8xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlhYMRUwEwYDVQQH
 DAxEZWZhdWx0IENpdHkxHDAaBgNVBAoME0RlZmF1bHQgQ29tcGFueSBMdGQxGzAZ
 BgNVBAMMElByb21ldGhldXMgVGVzdCBDQTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEP
 ADCCAQoCggEBAOlSBU3yWpUELbhzizznR0hnAL7dbEHzfEtEc6N3PoSvMNcqrUVq
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ yB9M1ypWomzBz1UFXZp1oiNO5o7/dgXW4MgLUfC2obJ9j5xqpc6GkhWMW4ZFwEr/
 VLjuzxG9B8tLfQuhnXKGn1W8+WzZVWCWMD/sLfZfmjKaWlwcXzL51g8E+IEIBJqV
 w51aMI6lDkcvAM7gLq1auLZMVXyKWSKw7XMCAwEAAaNQME4wHQYDVR0OBBYEFMz1
 BZnlqxJp2HiJSjHK8IsLrWYbMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFMz1BZnlqxJp2HiJSjHK8IsL
-rWYbMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAI2iA3w3TK5J15Pu
-e4fPFB4jxQqsbUwuyXbCCv/jKLeFNCD4BjM181WZEYjPMumeTBVzU3aF45LWQIG1
-0DJcrCL4mjMz9qgAoGqA7aDDXiJGbukMgYYsn7vrnVmrZH8T3E8ySlltr7+W578k
-pJ5FxnbCroQwn0zLyVB3sFbS8E3vpBr3L8oy8PwPHhIScexcNVc3V6/m4vTZsXTH
-U+vUm1XhDgpDcFMTg2QQiJbfpOYUkwIgnRDAT7t282t2KQWtnlqc3zwPQ1F/6Cpx
-j19JeNsaF1DArkD7YlyKj/GhZLtHwFHG5cxznH0mLDJTW7bQvqqh2iQTeXmBk1lU
-mM5lH/s=
+rWYbMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAEqhsLzIh098lmLl
+CSmuOi5o0NLFaO3qgzaxhvO56RkrtnMQb99/u/F2gQPBoVrubES4fBDRWtfBkmRZ
+NabgqghBN27nyLa9DEtHeOzEtBWjYnZKOY5uGf/wwIp+HM2H5QBs8c4nJv+46ev3
+L73CS5zWV950dLNPA5iatQgtFsp/tsh2YoYbfPI+bHjMLJWau3cl6ID/m+j4moU7
+hbcXTnehz0250CXoXYzmfPHZUjA97Cs3kbzi6Dkxbz3pmHCAfEHdGRMFIZR7Fs/Y
+7k44NF5q/82FrI+Umt1OdwUTprSAUrKXZHaI9N1CClAcgP1LbqliEKrvLsEvvg7C
+LrUoX4M=
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/tracing/testdata/ca.cer b/tracing/testdata/ca.cer
index 86f627a90..df9344392 100644
--- a/tracing/testdata/ca.cer
+++ b/tracing/testdata/ca.cer
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
 MIIDkTCCAnmgAwIBAgIJAJNsnimNN3tmMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMF8xCzAJBgNV
 BAYTAlhYMRUwEwYDVQQHDAxEZWZhdWx0IENpdHkxHDAaBgNVBAoME0RlZmF1bHQg
-Q29tcGFueSBMdGQxGzAZBgNVBAMMElByb21ldGhldXMgVGVzdCBDQTAeFw0xNTA4
-MDQxNDA5MjFaFw0yNTA4MDExNDA5MjFaMF8xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlhYMRUwEwYDVQQH
+Q29tcGFueSBMdGQxGzAZBgNVBAMMElByb21ldGhldXMgVGVzdCBDQTAeFw0yNDA4
+MjAxMTUxMjNaFw00NDEyMDUxMTUxMjNaMF8xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlhYMRUwEwYDVQQH
 DAxEZWZhdWx0IENpdHkxHDAaBgNVBAoME0RlZmF1bHQgQ29tcGFueSBMdGQxGzAZ
 BgNVBAMMElByb21ldGhldXMgVGVzdCBDQTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEP
 ADCCAQoCggEBAOlSBU3yWpUELbhzizznR0hnAL7dbEHzfEtEc6N3PoSvMNcqrUVq
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ yB9M1ypWomzBz1UFXZp1oiNO5o7/dgXW4MgLUfC2obJ9j5xqpc6GkhWMW4ZFwEr/
 VLjuzxG9B8tLfQuhnXKGn1W8+WzZVWCWMD/sLfZfmjKaWlwcXzL51g8E+IEIBJqV
 w51aMI6lDkcvAM7gLq1auLZMVXyKWSKw7XMCAwEAAaNQME4wHQYDVR0OBBYEFMz1
 BZnlqxJp2HiJSjHK8IsLrWYbMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFMz1BZnlqxJp2HiJSjHK8IsL
-rWYbMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAI2iA3w3TK5J15Pu
-e4fPFB4jxQqsbUwuyXbCCv/jKLeFNCD4BjM181WZEYjPMumeTBVzU3aF45LWQIG1
-0DJcrCL4mjMz9qgAoGqA7aDDXiJGbukMgYYsn7vrnVmrZH8T3E8ySlltr7+W578k
-pJ5FxnbCroQwn0zLyVB3sFbS8E3vpBr3L8oy8PwPHhIScexcNVc3V6/m4vTZsXTH
-U+vUm1XhDgpDcFMTg2QQiJbfpOYUkwIgnRDAT7t282t2KQWtnlqc3zwPQ1F/6Cpx
-j19JeNsaF1DArkD7YlyKj/GhZLtHwFHG5cxznH0mLDJTW7bQvqqh2iQTeXmBk1lU
-mM5lH/s=
+rWYbMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAEqhsLzIh098lmLl
+CSmuOi5o0NLFaO3qgzaxhvO56RkrtnMQb99/u/F2gQPBoVrubES4fBDRWtfBkmRZ
+NabgqghBN27nyLa9DEtHeOzEtBWjYnZKOY5uGf/wwIp+HM2H5QBs8c4nJv+46ev3
+L73CS5zWV950dLNPA5iatQgtFsp/tsh2YoYbfPI+bHjMLJWau3cl6ID/m+j4moU7
+hbcXTnehz0250CXoXYzmfPHZUjA97Cs3kbzi6Dkxbz3pmHCAfEHdGRMFIZR7Fs/Y
+7k44NF5q/82FrI+Umt1OdwUTprSAUrKXZHaI9N1CClAcgP1LbqliEKrvLsEvvg7C
+LrUoX4M=
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----

From 1435c8ae4aa1041592778018ba62fc3058a9ad3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Kochie <superq@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2024 19:41:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 123/180] Include test CA text info (#14699)

Use `openssl x509 -text -in <file>` to include the text version of the
certificate in order to make it easier to see the diff when applying
changes to the cert.

Signed-off-by: SuperQ <superq@gmail.com>
---
 scrape/testdata/ca.cer  | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tracing/testdata/ca.cer | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 116 insertions(+)

diff --git a/scrape/testdata/ca.cer b/scrape/testdata/ca.cer
index df9344392..dbbd009d4 100644
--- a/scrape/testdata/ca.cer
+++ b/scrape/testdata/ca.cer
@@ -1,3 +1,61 @@
+Certificate:
+    Data:
+        Version: 3 (0x2)
+        Serial Number:
+            93:6c:9e:29:8d:37:7b:66
+        Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
+        Issuer: C = XX, L = Default City, O = Default Company Ltd, CN = Prometheus Test CA
+        Validity
+            Not Before: Aug 20 11:51:23 2024 GMT
+            Not After : Dec  5 11:51:23 2044 GMT
+        Subject: C = XX, L = Default City, O = Default Company Ltd, CN = Prometheus Test CA
+        Subject Public Key Info:
+            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
+                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
+                Modulus:
+                    00:e9:52:05:4d:f2:5a:95:04:2d:b8:73:8b:3c:e7:
+                    47:48:67:00:be:dd:6c:41:f3:7c:4b:44:73:a3:77:
+                    3e:84:af:30:d7:2a:ad:45:6a:b7:89:23:05:15:b3:
+                    aa:46:79:b8:95:64:cc:13:c4:44:a1:01:a0:e2:3d:
+                    a5:67:2b:aa:d3:13:06:43:33:1c:96:36:12:9e:c6:
+                    1d:36:9b:d7:47:bd:28:2d:88:15:04:fa:14:a3:ff:
+                    8c:26:22:c5:a2:15:c7:76:b3:11:f6:a3:44:9a:28:
+                    0f:ca:fb:f4:51:a8:6a:05:94:7c:77:47:c8:21:56:
+                    25:bf:e2:2e:df:33:f3:e4:bd:d6:47:a5:49:13:12:
+                    c8:1f:4c:d7:2a:56:a2:6c:c1:cf:55:05:5d:9a:75:
+                    a2:23:4e:e6:8e:ff:76:05:d6:e0:c8:0b:51:f0:b6:
+                    a1:b2:7d:8f:9c:6a:a5:ce:86:92:15:8c:5b:86:45:
+                    c0:4a:ff:54:b8:ee:cf:11:bd:07:cb:4b:7d:0b:a1:
+                    9d:72:86:9f:55:bc:f9:6c:d9:55:60:96:30:3f:ec:
+                    2d:f6:5f:9a:32:9a:5a:5c:1c:5f:32:f9:d6:0f:04:
+                    f8:81:08:04:9a:95:c3:9d:5a:30:8e:a5:0e:47:2f:
+                    00:ce:e0:2e:ad:5a:b8:b6:4c:55:7c:8a:59:22:b0:
+                    ed:73
+                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+        X509v3 extensions:
+            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
+                CC:F5:05:99:E5:AB:12:69:D8:78:89:4A:31:CA:F0:8B:0B:AD:66:1B
+            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
+                CC:F5:05:99:E5:AB:12:69:D8:78:89:4A:31:CA:F0:8B:0B:AD:66:1B
+            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
+                CA:TRUE
+    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
+    Signature Value:
+        4a:a1:b0:bc:c8:87:4f:7c:96:62:e5:09:29:ae:3a:2e:68:d0:
+        d2:c5:68:ed:ea:83:36:b1:86:f3:b9:e9:19:2b:b6:73:10:6f:
+        df:7f:bb:f1:76:81:03:c1:a1:5a:ee:6c:44:b8:7c:10:d1:5a:
+        d7:c1:92:64:59:35:a6:e0:aa:08:41:37:6e:e7:c8:b6:bd:0c:
+        4b:47:78:ec:c4:b4:15:a3:62:76:4a:39:8e:6e:19:ff:f0:c0:
+        8a:7e:1c:cd:87:e5:00:6c:f1:ce:27:26:ff:b8:e9:eb:f7:2f:
+        bd:c2:4b:9c:d6:57:de:74:74:b3:4f:03:98:9a:b5:08:2d:16:
+        ca:7f:b6:c8:76:62:86:1b:7c:f2:3e:6c:78:cc:2c:95:9a:bb:
+        77:25:e8:80:ff:9b:e8:f8:9a:85:3b:85:b7:17:4e:77:a1:cf:
+        4d:b9:d0:25:e8:5d:8c:e6:7c:f1:d9:52:30:3d:ec:2b:37:91:
+        bc:e2:e8:39:31:6f:3d:e9:98:70:80:7c:41:dd:19:13:05:21:
+        94:7b:16:cf:d8:ee:4e:38:34:5e:6a:ff:cd:85:ac:8f:94:9a:
+        dd:4e:77:05:13:a6:b4:80:52:b2:97:64:76:88:f4:dd:42:0a:
+        50:1c:80:fd:4b:6e:a9:62:10:aa:ef:2e:c1:2f:be:0e:c2:2e:
+        b5:28:5f:83
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
 MIIDkTCCAnmgAwIBAgIJAJNsnimNN3tmMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMF8xCzAJBgNV
 BAYTAlhYMRUwEwYDVQQHDAxEZWZhdWx0IENpdHkxHDAaBgNVBAoME0RlZmF1bHQg
diff --git a/tracing/testdata/ca.cer b/tracing/testdata/ca.cer
index df9344392..dbbd009d4 100644
--- a/tracing/testdata/ca.cer
+++ b/tracing/testdata/ca.cer
@@ -1,3 +1,61 @@
+Certificate:
+    Data:
+        Version: 3 (0x2)
+        Serial Number:
+            93:6c:9e:29:8d:37:7b:66
+        Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
+        Issuer: C = XX, L = Default City, O = Default Company Ltd, CN = Prometheus Test CA
+        Validity
+            Not Before: Aug 20 11:51:23 2024 GMT
+            Not After : Dec  5 11:51:23 2044 GMT
+        Subject: C = XX, L = Default City, O = Default Company Ltd, CN = Prometheus Test CA
+        Subject Public Key Info:
+            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
+                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
+                Modulus:
+                    00:e9:52:05:4d:f2:5a:95:04:2d:b8:73:8b:3c:e7:
+                    47:48:67:00:be:dd:6c:41:f3:7c:4b:44:73:a3:77:
+                    3e:84:af:30:d7:2a:ad:45:6a:b7:89:23:05:15:b3:
+                    aa:46:79:b8:95:64:cc:13:c4:44:a1:01:a0:e2:3d:
+                    a5:67:2b:aa:d3:13:06:43:33:1c:96:36:12:9e:c6:
+                    1d:36:9b:d7:47:bd:28:2d:88:15:04:fa:14:a3:ff:
+                    8c:26:22:c5:a2:15:c7:76:b3:11:f6:a3:44:9a:28:
+                    0f:ca:fb:f4:51:a8:6a:05:94:7c:77:47:c8:21:56:
+                    25:bf:e2:2e:df:33:f3:e4:bd:d6:47:a5:49:13:12:
+                    c8:1f:4c:d7:2a:56:a2:6c:c1:cf:55:05:5d:9a:75:
+                    a2:23:4e:e6:8e:ff:76:05:d6:e0:c8:0b:51:f0:b6:
+                    a1:b2:7d:8f:9c:6a:a5:ce:86:92:15:8c:5b:86:45:
+                    c0:4a:ff:54:b8:ee:cf:11:bd:07:cb:4b:7d:0b:a1:
+                    9d:72:86:9f:55:bc:f9:6c:d9:55:60:96:30:3f:ec:
+                    2d:f6:5f:9a:32:9a:5a:5c:1c:5f:32:f9:d6:0f:04:
+                    f8:81:08:04:9a:95:c3:9d:5a:30:8e:a5:0e:47:2f:
+                    00:ce:e0:2e:ad:5a:b8:b6:4c:55:7c:8a:59:22:b0:
+                    ed:73
+                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+        X509v3 extensions:
+            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
+                CC:F5:05:99:E5:AB:12:69:D8:78:89:4A:31:CA:F0:8B:0B:AD:66:1B
+            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
+                CC:F5:05:99:E5:AB:12:69:D8:78:89:4A:31:CA:F0:8B:0B:AD:66:1B
+            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
+                CA:TRUE
+    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
+    Signature Value:
+        4a:a1:b0:bc:c8:87:4f:7c:96:62:e5:09:29:ae:3a:2e:68:d0:
+        d2:c5:68:ed:ea:83:36:b1:86:f3:b9:e9:19:2b:b6:73:10:6f:
+        df:7f:bb:f1:76:81:03:c1:a1:5a:ee:6c:44:b8:7c:10:d1:5a:
+        d7:c1:92:64:59:35:a6:e0:aa:08:41:37:6e:e7:c8:b6:bd:0c:
+        4b:47:78:ec:c4:b4:15:a3:62:76:4a:39:8e:6e:19:ff:f0:c0:
+        8a:7e:1c:cd:87:e5:00:6c:f1:ce:27:26:ff:b8:e9:eb:f7:2f:
+        bd:c2:4b:9c:d6:57:de:74:74:b3:4f:03:98:9a:b5:08:2d:16:
+        ca:7f:b6:c8:76:62:86:1b:7c:f2:3e:6c:78:cc:2c:95:9a:bb:
+        77:25:e8:80:ff:9b:e8:f8:9a:85:3b:85:b7:17:4e:77:a1:cf:
+        4d:b9:d0:25:e8:5d:8c:e6:7c:f1:d9:52:30:3d:ec:2b:37:91:
+        bc:e2:e8:39:31:6f:3d:e9:98:70:80:7c:41:dd:19:13:05:21:
+        94:7b:16:cf:d8:ee:4e:38:34:5e:6a:ff:cd:85:ac:8f:94:9a:
+        dd:4e:77:05:13:a6:b4:80:52:b2:97:64:76:88:f4:dd:42:0a:
+        50:1c:80:fd:4b:6e:a9:62:10:aa:ef:2e:c1:2f:be:0e:c2:2e:
+        b5:28:5f:83
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
 MIIDkTCCAnmgAwIBAgIJAJNsnimNN3tmMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMF8xCzAJBgNV
 BAYTAlhYMRUwEwYDVQQHDAxEZWZhdWx0IENpdHkxHDAaBgNVBAoME0RlZmF1bHQg

From 8e82ac8d2bbee98c1f835fe715d2ea2ad4aa362a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2024 20:40:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 124/180] Add comments to the sort by label functions

Signed-off-by: suntala <arati.rana@grafana.com>
---
 promql/functions.go | 14 ++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index e9bfe45f4..189d67caf 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -406,17 +406,22 @@ func funcSortDesc(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHel
 
 // === sort_by_label(vector parser.ValueTypeVector, label parser.ValueTypeString...) (Vector, Annotations) ===
 func funcSortByLabel(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+	// First, sort by the full label set. This ensures a consistent ordering in case sorting by the
+	// labels provided as arguments is not conclusive.
 	slices.SortFunc(vals[0].(Vector), func(a, b Sample) int {
 		return labels.Compare(a.Metric, b.Metric)
 	})
 
 	labels := stringSliceFromArgs(args[1:])
+	// Next, sort by the labels provided as arguments.
 	slices.SortFunc(vals[0].(Vector), func(a, b Sample) int {
-		// Iterate over each given label
+		// Iterate over each given label.
 		for _, label := range labels {
 			lv1 := a.Metric.Get(label)
 			lv2 := b.Metric.Get(label)
 
+			// If we encounter multiple samples with the same label values, the sorting which was
+			// performed in the first step will act as a "tie breaker".
 			if lv1 == lv2 {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -436,17 +441,22 @@ func funcSortByLabel(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNode
 
 // === sort_by_label_desc(vector parser.ValueTypeVector, label parser.ValueTypeString...) (Vector, Annotations) ===
 func funcSortByLabelDesc(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+	// First, sort by the full label set. This ensures a consistent ordering in case sorting by the
+	// labels provided as arguments is not conclusive.
 	slices.SortFunc(vals[0].(Vector), func(a, b Sample) int {
 		return labels.Compare(b.Metric, a.Metric)
 	})
 
 	labels := stringSliceFromArgs(args[1:])
+	// Next, sort by the labels provided as arguments.
 	slices.SortFunc(vals[0].(Vector), func(a, b Sample) int {
-		// Iterate over each given label
+		// Iterate over each given label.
 		for _, label := range labels {
 			lv1 := a.Metric.Get(label)
 			lv2 := b.Metric.Get(label)
 
+			// If we encounter multiple samples with the same label values, the sorting which was
+			// performed in the first step will act as a "tie breaker".
 			if lv1 == lv2 {
 				continue
 			}

From 8f828d45c11c2c3555f8aab4798295290ffc3e67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ziqi Zhao <zhaoziqi9146@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2024 08:35:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 125/180] convert TestNativeHistogram_Sum_Count_Add_AvgOperator
 into testing framework

Signed-off-by: Ziqi Zhao <zhaoziqi9146@gmail.com>
---
 model/histogram/float_histogram.go            |  14 +-
 promql/engine_test.go                         | 211 ------------------
 promql/promqltest/test.go                     |   4 +-
 .../testdata/native_histograms.test           |  36 +++
 util/almost/almost.go                         |  10 +-
 5 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 218 deletions(-)

diff --git a/model/histogram/float_histogram.go b/model/histogram/float_histogram.go
index 2a37ea66d..b3baaffb0 100644
--- a/model/histogram/float_histogram.go
+++ b/model/histogram/float_histogram.go
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/almost"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultEpsilon = 0.000001
 )
 
 // FloatHistogram is similar to Histogram but uses float64 for all
@@ -456,8 +462,8 @@ func (h *FloatHistogram) Equals(h2 *FloatHistogram) bool {
 	}
 
 	if h.Schema != h2.Schema ||
-		math.Float64bits(h.Count) != math.Float64bits(h2.Count) ||
-		math.Float64bits(h.Sum) != math.Float64bits(h2.Sum) {
+		!almost.Equal(h.Count, h2.Count, defaultEpsilon) ||
+		!almost.Equal(h.Sum, h2.Sum, defaultEpsilon) {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -468,7 +474,7 @@ func (h *FloatHistogram) Equals(h2 *FloatHistogram) bool {
 	}
 
 	if h.ZeroThreshold != h2.ZeroThreshold ||
-		math.Float64bits(h.ZeroCount) != math.Float64bits(h2.ZeroCount) {
+		!almost.Equal(h.ZeroCount, h2.ZeroCount, defaultEpsilon) {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -1310,7 +1316,7 @@ func FloatBucketsMatch(b1, b2 []float64) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	for i, b := range b1 {
-		if math.Float64bits(b) != math.Float64bits(b2[i]) {
+		if !almost.Equal(b, b2[i], defaultEpsilon) {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/promql/engine_test.go b/promql/engine_test.go
index 8d5f87244..37cba975b 100644
--- a/promql/engine_test.go
+++ b/promql/engine_test.go
@@ -3097,217 +3097,6 @@ func TestInstantQueryWithRangeVectorSelector(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestNativeHistogram_Sum_Count_Add_AvgOperator(t *testing.T) {
-	// TODO(codesome): Integrate histograms into the PromQL testing framework
-	// and write more tests there.
-	cases := []struct {
-		histograms  []histogram.Histogram
-		expected    histogram.FloatHistogram
-		expectedAvg histogram.FloatHistogram
-	}{
-		{
-			histograms: []histogram.Histogram{
-				{
-					CounterResetHint: histogram.GaugeType,
-					Schema:           0,
-					Count:            25,
-					Sum:              1234.5,
-					ZeroThreshold:    0.001,
-					ZeroCount:        4,
-					PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-						{Offset: 0, Length: 2},
-						{Offset: 1, Length: 2},
-					},
-					PositiveBuckets: []int64{1, 1, -1, 0},
-					NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-						{Offset: 0, Length: 2},
-						{Offset: 2, Length: 2},
-					},
-					NegativeBuckets: []int64{2, 2, -3, 8},
-				},
-				{
-					CounterResetHint: histogram.GaugeType,
-					Schema:           0,
-					Count:            41,
-					Sum:              2345.6,
-					ZeroThreshold:    0.001,
-					ZeroCount:        5,
-					PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-						{Offset: 0, Length: 4},
-						{Offset: 0, Length: 0},
-						{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-					},
-					PositiveBuckets: []int64{1, 2, -2, 1, -1, 0, 0},
-					NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-						{Offset: 1, Length: 4},
-						{Offset: 2, Length: 0},
-						{Offset: 2, Length: 3},
-					},
-					NegativeBuckets: []int64{1, 3, -2, 5, -2, 0, -3},
-				},
-				{
-					CounterResetHint: histogram.GaugeType,
-					Schema:           0,
-					Count:            41,
-					Sum:              1111.1,
-					ZeroThreshold:    0.001,
-					ZeroCount:        5,
-					PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-						{Offset: 0, Length: 4},
-						{Offset: 0, Length: 0},
-						{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-					},
-					PositiveBuckets: []int64{1, 2, -2, 1, -1, 0, 0},
-					NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-						{Offset: 1, Length: 4},
-						{Offset: 2, Length: 0},
-						{Offset: 2, Length: 3},
-					},
-					NegativeBuckets: []int64{1, 3, -2, 5, -2, 0, -3},
-				},
-				{
-					CounterResetHint: histogram.GaugeType,
-					Schema:           1, // Everything is 0 just to make the count 4 so avg has nicer numbers.
-				},
-			},
-			expected: histogram.FloatHistogram{
-				CounterResetHint: histogram.GaugeType,
-				Schema:           0,
-				ZeroThreshold:    0.001,
-				ZeroCount:        14,
-				Count:            107,
-				Sum:              4691.2,
-				PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 7},
-				},
-				PositiveBuckets: []float64{3, 8, 2, 5, 3, 2, 2},
-				NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 6},
-					{Offset: 3, Length: 3},
-				},
-				NegativeBuckets: []float64{2, 6, 8, 4, 15, 9, 10, 10, 4},
-			},
-			expectedAvg: histogram.FloatHistogram{
-				CounterResetHint: histogram.GaugeType,
-				Schema:           0,
-				ZeroThreshold:    0.001,
-				ZeroCount:        3.5,
-				Count:            26.75,
-				Sum:              1172.8,
-				PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 7},
-				},
-				PositiveBuckets: []float64{0.75, 2, 0.5, 1.25, 0.75, 0.5, 0.5},
-				NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 6},
-					{Offset: 3, Length: 3},
-				},
-				NegativeBuckets: []float64{0.5, 1.5, 2, 1, 3.75, 2.25, 2.5, 2.5, 1},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	idx0 := int64(0)
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		for _, floatHisto := range []bool{true, false} {
-			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("floatHistogram=%t %d", floatHisto, idx0), func(t *testing.T) {
-				storage := teststorage.New(t)
-				t.Cleanup(func() { storage.Close() })
-
-				seriesName := "sparse_histogram_series"
-				seriesNameOverTime := "sparse_histogram_series_over_time"
-
-				engine := newTestEngine()
-
-				ts := idx0 * int64(10*time.Minute/time.Millisecond)
-				app := storage.Appender(context.Background())
-				_, err := app.Append(0, labels.FromStrings("__name__", "float_series", "idx", "0"), ts, 42)
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				for idx1, h := range c.histograms {
-					lbls := labels.FromStrings("__name__", seriesName, "idx", strconv.Itoa(idx1))
-					// Since we mutate h later, we need to create a copy here.
-					var err error
-					if floatHisto {
-						_, err = app.AppendHistogram(0, lbls, ts, nil, h.Copy().ToFloat(nil))
-					} else {
-						_, err = app.AppendHistogram(0, lbls, ts, h.Copy(), nil)
-					}
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-
-					lbls = labels.FromStrings("__name__", seriesNameOverTime)
-					newTs := ts + int64(idx1)*int64(time.Minute/time.Millisecond)
-					// Since we mutate h later, we need to create a copy here.
-					if floatHisto {
-						_, err = app.AppendHistogram(0, lbls, newTs, nil, h.Copy().ToFloat(nil))
-					} else {
-						_, err = app.AppendHistogram(0, lbls, newTs, h.Copy(), nil)
-					}
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-				}
-				require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
-
-				queryAndCheck := func(queryString string, ts int64, exp promql.Vector) {
-					qry, err := engine.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), storage, nil, queryString, timestamp.Time(ts))
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-
-					res := qry.Exec(context.Background())
-					require.NoError(t, res.Err)
-					require.Empty(t, res.Warnings)
-
-					vector, err := res.Vector()
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-
-					testutil.RequireEqual(t, exp, vector)
-				}
-				queryAndCheckAnnotations := func(queryString string, ts int64, expWarnings annotations.Annotations) {
-					qry, err := engine.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), storage, nil, queryString, timestamp.Time(ts))
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-
-					res := qry.Exec(context.Background())
-					require.NoError(t, res.Err)
-					require.Equal(t, expWarnings, res.Warnings)
-				}
-
-				// sum().
-				queryString := fmt.Sprintf("sum(%s)", seriesName)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, ts, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expected, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
-
-				queryString = `sum({idx="0"})`
-				var annos annotations.Annotations
-				annos.Add(annotations.NewMixedFloatsHistogramsAggWarning(posrange.PositionRange{Start: 4, End: 13}))
-				queryAndCheckAnnotations(queryString, ts, annos)
-
-				// + operator.
-				queryString = fmt.Sprintf(`%s{idx="0"}`, seriesName)
-				for idx := 1; idx < len(c.histograms); idx++ {
-					queryString += fmt.Sprintf(` + ignoring(idx) %s{idx="%d"}`, seriesName, idx)
-				}
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, ts, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expected, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
-
-				// count().
-				queryString = fmt.Sprintf("count(%s)", seriesName)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, ts, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, F: 4, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
-
-				// avg().
-				queryString = fmt.Sprintf("avg(%s)", seriesName)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, ts, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedAvg, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
-
-				offset := int64(len(c.histograms) - 1)
-				newTs := ts + offset*int64(time.Minute/time.Millisecond)
-
-				// sum_over_time().
-				queryString = fmt.Sprintf("sum_over_time(%s[%dm:1m])", seriesNameOverTime, offset)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, newTs, []promql.Sample{{T: newTs, H: &c.expected, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
-
-				// avg_over_time().
-				queryString = fmt.Sprintf("avg_over_time(%s[%dm:1m])", seriesNameOverTime, offset)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, newTs, []promql.Sample{{T: newTs, H: &c.expectedAvg, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
-			})
-			idx0++
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestNativeHistogram_SubOperator(t *testing.T) {
 	// TODO(codesome): Integrate histograms into the PromQL testing framework
 	// and write more tests there.
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/test.go b/promql/promqltest/test.go
index 8b1ec381a..de67cae83 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/test.go
+++ b/promql/promqltest/test.go
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 					return fmt.Errorf("expected histogram value at index %v for %s to have timestamp %v, but it had timestamp %v (result has %s)", i, ev.metrics[hash], expected.T, actual.T, formatSeriesResult(s))
 				}
 
-				if !actual.H.Equals(expected.H.Compact(0)) {
+				if !actual.H.Compact(0).Equals(expected.H.Compact(0)) {
 					return fmt.Errorf("expected histogram value at index %v (t=%v) for %s to be %v, but got %v (result has %s)", i, actual.T, ev.metrics[hash], expected.H, actual.H, formatSeriesResult(s))
 				}
 			}
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 			if expH != nil && v.H == nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("expected histogram %s for %s but got float value %v", HistogramTestExpression(expH), v.Metric, v.F)
 			}
-			if expH != nil && !expH.Compact(0).Equals(v.H) {
+			if expH != nil && !expH.Compact(0).Equals(v.H.Compact(0)) {
 				return fmt.Errorf("expected %v for %s but got %s", HistogramTestExpression(expH), v.Metric, HistogramTestExpression(v.H))
 			}
 			if !almost.Equal(exp0.Value, v.F, defaultEpsilon) {
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index ea838f1e3..110fd69e7 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -886,3 +886,39 @@ eval_warn instant at 0 sum by (group) (metric)
   {group="just-floats"} 5
   {group="just-exponential-histograms"} {{sum:5 count:7 buckets:[2 3 2]}}
   {group="just-custom-histograms"} {{schema:-53 sum:4 count:5 custom_values:[2] buckets:[8]}}
+
+clear
+
+# Test native histograms with sum, count, avg.
+load 10m
+    histogram_sum{idx="0"} {{schema:0 count:25 sum:1234.5 z_bucket:4 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[1 2 0 1 1] n_buckets:[2 4 0 0 1 9]}}x1
+    histogram_sum{idx="1"} {{schema:0 count:41 sum:2345.6 z_bucket:5 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[1 3 1 2 1 1 1] n_buckets:[0 1 4 2 7 0 0 0 0 5 5 2]}}x1
+    histogram_sum{idx="2"} {{schema:0 count:41 sum:1111.1 z_bucket:5 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[1 3 1 2 1 1 1] n_buckets:[0 1 4 2 7 0 0 0 0 5 5 2]}}x1
+    histogram_sum{idx="3"} {{schema:1 count:0}}x1
+    histogram_sum_float{idx="0"} 42.0x1
+
+eval instant at 10m sum(histogram_sum)
+    {} {{schema:0 count:107 sum:4691.2 z_bucket:14 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[3 8 2 5 3 2 2] n_buckets:[2 6 8 4 15 9 0 0 0 10 10 4]}}
+
+eval_warn instant at 10m sum({idx="0"})
+
+eval instant at 10m sum(histogram_sum{idx="0"} + ignoring(idx) histogram_sum{idx="1"} + ignoring(idx) histogram_sum{idx="2"} + ignoring(idx) histogram_sum{idx="3"})
+    {} {{schema:0 count:107 sum:4691.2 z_bucket:14 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[3 8 2 5 3 2 2] n_buckets:[2 6 8 4 15 9 0 0 0 10 10 4]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m count(histogram_sum)
+    {} 4
+
+eval instant at 10m avg(histogram_sum)
+    {} {{schema:0 count:26.75 sum:1172.8 z_bucket:3.5 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[0.75 2 0.5 1.25 0.75 0.5 0.5] n_buckets:[0.5 1.5 2 1 3.75 2.25 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 1]}}
+
+clear
+
+# Test native histograms with sum_over_time, avg_over_time.
+load 1m
+    histogram_sum_over_time {{schema:0 count:25 sum:1234.5 z_bucket:4 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[1 2 0 1 1] n_buckets:[2 4 0 0 1 9]}} {{schema:0 count:41 sum:2345.6 z_bucket:5 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[1 3 1 2 1 1 1] n_buckets:[0 1 4 2 7 0 0 0 0 5 5 2]}} {{schema:0 count:41 sum:1111.1 z_bucket:5 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[1 3 1 2 1 1 1] n_buckets:[0 1 4 2 7 0 0 0 0 5 5 2]}} {{schema:1 count:0}}
+
+eval instant at 3m sum_over_time(histogram_sum_over_time[3m:1m])
+    {} {{schema:0 count:107 sum:4691.2 z_bucket:14 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[3 8 2 5 3 2 2] n_buckets:[2 6 8 4 15 9 0 0 0 10 10 4]}}
+
+eval instant at 3m avg_over_time(histogram_sum_over_time[3m:1m])
+    {} {{schema:0 count:26.75 sum:1172.8 z_bucket:3.5 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[0.75 2 0.5 1.25 0.75 0.5 0.5] n_buckets:[0.5 1.5 2 1 3.75 2.25 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 1]}}
diff --git a/util/almost/almost.go b/util/almost/almost.go
index 34f1290a5..1803c4b43 100644
--- a/util/almost/almost.go
+++ b/util/almost/almost.go
@@ -13,13 +13,21 @@
 
 package almost
 
-import "math"
+import (
+	"math"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/value"
+)
 
 var minNormal = math.Float64frombits(0x0010000000000000) // The smallest positive normal value of type float64.
 
 // Equal returns true if a and b differ by less than their sum
 // multiplied by epsilon.
 func Equal(a, b, epsilon float64) bool {
+	if value.IsStaleNaN(a) || value.IsStaleNaN(b) {
+		return value.IsStaleNaN(a) && value.IsStaleNaN(b)
+	}
+
 	// NaN has no equality but for testing we still want to know whether both values
 	// are NaN.
 	if math.IsNaN(a) && math.IsNaN(b) {

From b2712ff284b5193698f68f475e7e237e714c51bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: shandongzhejiang <shandongzhejiang@icloud.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2024 11:09:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 126/180] chore: fix some function names

Signed-off-by: shandongzhejiang <shandongzhejiang@icloud.com>
---
 tsdb/agent/db.go                | 2 +-
 tsdb/chunks/head_chunks_test.go | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/agent/db.go b/tsdb/agent/db.go
index 1b6df3af0..9697739e0 100644
--- a/tsdb/agent/db.go
+++ b/tsdb/agent/db.go
@@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@ func (a *appender) logSeries() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// mintTs returns the minimum timestamp that a sample can have
+// minValidTime returns the minimum timestamp that a sample can have
 // and is needed for preventing underflow.
 func (a *appender) minValidTime(lastTs int64) int64 {
 	if lastTs < math.MinInt64+a.opts.OutOfOrderTimeWindow {
diff --git a/tsdb/chunks/head_chunks_test.go b/tsdb/chunks/head_chunks_test.go
index 4a4d89e81..b2aa39c3b 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunks/head_chunks_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunks/head_chunks_test.go
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ func TestChunkDiskMapper_Truncate_WriteQueueRaceCondition(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 
-// TestHeadReadWriter_TruncateAfterIterateChunksError tests for
+// TestHeadReadWriter_TruncateAfterFailedIterateChunks tests for
 // https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/7753
 func TestHeadReadWriter_TruncateAfterFailedIterateChunks(t *testing.T) {
 	hrw := createChunkDiskMapper(t, "")

From 21106611217feefa32bb767f938be73c946700e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: cuishuang <imcusg@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2024 18:15:25 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 127/180] fix: fix slice init length

Signed-off-by: cuishuang <imcusg@gmail.com>
---
 storage/remote/queue_manager_test.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/storage/remote/queue_manager_test.go b/storage/remote/queue_manager_test.go
index 1c06173a5..032a1a92f 100644
--- a/storage/remote/queue_manager_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/queue_manager_test.go
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ func createHistograms(numSamples, numSeries int, floatHistogram bool) ([]record.
 }
 
 func createSeriesMetadata(series []record.RefSeries) []record.RefMetadata {
-	metas := make([]record.RefMetadata, len(series))
+	metas := make([]record.RefMetadata, 0, len(series))
 
 	for _, s := range series {
 		metas = append(metas, record.RefMetadata{

From 9a74d53935db7fc847bb87e00d61ca112dff409e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2024 14:24:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 128/180] [BUGFIX] TSDB: Fix query overlapping in-order and ooo
 head  (#14693)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

* tsdb: Unit test query overlapping in order and ooo head

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>

* TSDB: Merge overlapping head chunk

The basic idea is that getOOOSeriesChunks can populate Meta.Chunk, but since
it only returns one Meta per overlapping time-slot, that pointer may end up in a
Meta with a head-chunk ID. So we need HeadAndOOOChunkReader.ChunkOrIterable()
to call mergedChunks in that case.

Previously, mergedChunks was checking that meta.Ref was a valid OOO chunk reference,
but it never actually uses that reference; it just finds all chunks overlapping in time.
So we can delete that code.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 tsdb/db_test.go       | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 tsdb/head_read.go     | 23 ++---------------------
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go |  6 +++++-
 3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/db_test.go b/tsdb/db_test.go
index 904fdeffc..6d266e872 100644
--- a/tsdb/db_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/db_test.go
@@ -5042,10 +5042,16 @@ func Test_Querier_OOOQuery(t *testing.T) {
 	series1 := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar1")
 
 	minutes := func(m int64) int64 { return m * time.Minute.Milliseconds() }
-	addSample := func(db *DB, fromMins, toMins, queryMinT, queryMaxT int64, expSamples []chunks.Sample) ([]chunks.Sample, int) {
+	addSample := func(db *DB, fromMins, toMins, queryMinT, queryMaxT int64, expSamples []chunks.Sample, filter func(int64) bool) ([]chunks.Sample, int) {
+		if filter == nil {
+			filter = func(int64) bool { return true }
+		}
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
 		totalAppended := 0
 		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
+			if !filter(m / time.Minute.Milliseconds()) {
+				continue
+			}
 			_, err := app.Append(0, series1, m, float64(m))
 			if m >= queryMinT && m <= queryMaxT {
 				expSamples = append(expSamples, sample{t: m, f: float64(m)})
@@ -5084,6 +5090,15 @@ func Test_Querier_OOOQuery(t *testing.T) {
 			oooMinT:     minutes(0),
 			oooMaxT:     minutes(99),
 		},
+		{
+			name:        "query overlapping inorder and ooo samples returns all ingested samples",
+			queryMinT:   minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT:   minutes(200),
+			inOrderMinT: minutes(100),
+			inOrderMaxT: minutes(200),
+			oooMinT:     minutes(180 - opts.OutOfOrderCapMax/2), // Make sure to fit into the OOO head.
+			oooMaxT:     minutes(180),
+		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("name=%s", tc.name), func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -5093,13 +5108,20 @@ func Test_Querier_OOOQuery(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, db.Close())
 			}()
 
-			var expSamples []chunks.Sample
+			var (
+				expSamples []chunks.Sample
+				inoSamples int
+			)
 
-			// Add in-order samples.
-			expSamples, _ = addSample(db, tc.inOrderMinT, tc.inOrderMaxT, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, expSamples)
+			// Add in-order samples (at even minutes).
+			expSamples, inoSamples = addSample(db, tc.inOrderMinT, tc.inOrderMaxT, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, expSamples, func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 0 })
+			// Sanity check that filter is not too zealous.
+			require.Positive(t, inoSamples, 0)
 
-			// Add out-of-order samples.
-			expSamples, oooSamples := addSample(db, tc.oooMinT, tc.oooMaxT, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, expSamples)
+			// Add out-of-order samples (at odd minutes).
+			expSamples, oooSamples := addSample(db, tc.oooMinT, tc.oooMaxT, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, expSamples, func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 })
+			// Sanity check that filter is not too zealous.
+			require.Positive(t, oooSamples, 0)
 
 			sort.Slice(expSamples, func(i, j int) bool {
 				return expSamples[i].T() < expSamples[j].T()
diff --git a/tsdb/head_read.go b/tsdb/head_read.go
index 47f12df99..5e3a76273 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_read.go
@@ -481,31 +481,12 @@ func (s *memSeries) chunk(id chunks.HeadChunkID, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDi
 	return elem, true, offset == 0, nil
 }
 
-// mergedChunks return an iterable over one or more OOO chunks for the given
-// chunks.Meta reference from memory or by m-mapping it from the disk. The
-// returned iterable will be a merge of all the overlapping chunks, if any,
-// amongst all the chunks in the OOOHead.
+// mergedChunks return an iterable over all chunks that overlap the
+// time window [mint,maxt], plus meta.Chunk if populated.
 // If hr is non-nil then in-order chunks are included.
 // This function is not thread safe unless the caller holds a lock.
 // The caller must ensure that s.ooo is not nil.
 func (s *memSeries) mergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, hr *headChunkReader, mint, maxt int64, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) (chunkenc.Iterable, error) {
-	_, cid, _ := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
-
-	// ix represents the index of chunk in the s.mmappedChunks slice. The chunk meta's are
-	// incremented by 1 when new chunk is created, hence (meta - firstChunkID) gives the slice index.
-	// The max index for the s.mmappedChunks slice can be len(s.mmappedChunks)-1, hence if the ix
-	// is len(s.mmappedChunks), it represents the next chunk, which is the head chunk.
-	ix := int(cid) - int(s.ooo.firstOOOChunkID)
-	if ix < 0 || ix > len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks) {
-		return nil, storage.ErrNotFound
-	}
-
-	if ix == len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks) {
-		if s.ooo.oooHeadChunk == nil {
-			return nil, errors.New("invalid ooo head chunk")
-		}
-	}
-
 	// We create a temporary slice of chunk metas to hold the information of all
 	// possible chunks that may overlap with the requested chunk.
 	tmpChks := make([]chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef, 0, len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks)+1)
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index 55e241fd9..cc98df472 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ func NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, cr *headChunkReader,
 
 func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, error) {
 	sid, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
-	if !isOOO {
+	if !isOOO && meta.Chunk == nil { // meta.Chunk can have a copy of OOO head samples, even on non-OOO chunk ID.
 		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
 	}
 
@@ -253,6 +253,10 @@ func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chu
 	}
 
 	s.Lock()
+	if s.ooo == nil { // Must have s.ooo non-nil to call mergedChunks().
+		s.Unlock()
+		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
+	}
 	mc, err := s.mergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, cr.cr, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
 	s.Unlock()
 

From b50c5d42feb66dfb74d70fcdc0eac9d1a15006e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2024 15:22:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 129/180] OTLP receiver: Warn when encountering invalid
 exponential histograms

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 CHANGELOG.md                                  |  1 +
 .../prometheusremotewrite/histograms.go       | 21 ++++++----
 .../prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw.go   | 11 ++++--
 .../metrics_to_prw_test.go                    | 39 ++++++++++++++++++-
 storage/remote/write_handler.go               |  9 ++++-
 5 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 0036a4a76..6fa8410c9 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 ## unreleased
 
 * [FEATURE] OTLP receiver: Add new option `otlp.promote_resource_attributes`, for any OTel resource attributes that should be promoted to metric labels. #14200
+* [ENHANCEMENT] OTLP receiver: Warn when encountering exponential histograms with zero count and non-zero sum. #14706
 * [BUGFIX] tsdb/wlog.Watcher.readSegmentForGC: Only count unknown record types against record_decode_failures_total metric. #14042
 
 ## 2.54.0-rc.1 / 2024-08-05
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms.go
index 73528019d..ec93387fc 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/value"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/annotations"
 )
 
 const defaultZeroThreshold = 1e-128
@@ -33,13 +34,15 @@ const defaultZeroThreshold = 1e-128
 // addExponentialHistogramDataPoints adds OTel exponential histogram data points to the corresponding time series
 // as native histogram samples.
 func (c *PrometheusConverter) addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointSlice,
-	resource pcommon.Resource, settings Settings, promName string) error {
+	resource pcommon.Resource, settings Settings, promName string) (annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	var annots annotations.Annotations
 	for x := 0; x < dataPoints.Len(); x++ {
 		pt := dataPoints.At(x)
 
-		histogram, err := exponentialToNativeHistogram(pt)
+		histogram, ws, err := exponentialToNativeHistogram(pt)
+		annots.Merge(ws)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return annots, err
 		}
 
 		lbls := createAttributes(
@@ -58,15 +61,16 @@ func (c *PrometheusConverter) addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(dataPoints pmetr
 		ts.Exemplars = append(ts.Exemplars, exemplars...)
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return annots, nil
 }
 
 // exponentialToNativeHistogram translates OTel Exponential Histogram data point
 // to Prometheus Native Histogram.
-func exponentialToNativeHistogram(p pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint) (prompb.Histogram, error) {
+func exponentialToNativeHistogram(p pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint) (prompb.Histogram, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	var annots annotations.Annotations
 	scale := p.Scale()
 	if scale < -4 {
-		return prompb.Histogram{},
+		return prompb.Histogram{}, annots,
 			fmt.Errorf("cannot convert exponential to native histogram."+
 				" Scale must be >= -4, was %d", scale)
 	}
@@ -114,8 +118,11 @@ func exponentialToNativeHistogram(p pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint) (prom
 			h.Sum = p.Sum()
 		}
 		h.Count = &prompb.Histogram_CountInt{CountInt: p.Count()}
+		if p.Count() == 0 && h.Sum != 0 {
+			annots.Add(fmt.Errorf("exponential histogram data point has zero count, but non-zero sum: %f", h.Sum))
+		}
 	}
-	return h, nil
+	return h, annots, nil
 }
 
 // convertBucketsLayout translates OTel Exponential Histogram dense buckets
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw.go
index a3a789723..9d7680080 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
 	prometheustranslator "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/annotations"
 )
 
 type Settings struct {
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ func NewPrometheusConverter() *PrometheusConverter {
 }
 
 // FromMetrics converts pmetric.Metrics to Prometheus remote write format.
-func (c *PrometheusConverter) FromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings) (errs error) {
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) FromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings) (annots annotations.Annotations, errs error) {
 	resourceMetricsSlice := md.ResourceMetrics()
 	for i := 0; i < resourceMetricsSlice.Len(); i++ {
 		resourceMetrics := resourceMetricsSlice.At(i)
@@ -107,12 +108,14 @@ func (c *PrometheusConverter) FromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings)
 						errs = multierr.Append(errs, fmt.Errorf("empty data points. %s is dropped", metric.Name()))
 						break
 					}
-					errs = multierr.Append(errs, c.addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(
+					ws, err := c.addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(
 						dataPoints,
 						resource,
 						settings,
 						promName,
-					))
+					)
+					annots.Merge(ws)
+					errs = multierr.Append(errs, err)
 				case pmetric.MetricTypeSummary:
 					dataPoints := metric.Summary().DataPoints()
 					if dataPoints.Len() == 0 {
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ func (c *PrometheusConverter) FromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings)
 		addResourceTargetInfo(resource, settings, mostRecentTimestamp, c)
 	}
 
-	return
+	return annots, errs
 }
 
 func isSameMetric(ts *prompb.TimeSeries, lbls []prompb.Label) bool {
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go
index 37ac67774..bdc1c9d0b 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go
@@ -27,6 +27,41 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pmetric/pmetricotlp"
 )
 
+func TestFromMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("exponential histogram warnings for zero count and non-zero sum", func(t *testing.T) {
+		request := pmetricotlp.NewExportRequest()
+		rm := request.Metrics().ResourceMetrics().AppendEmpty()
+		generateAttributes(rm.Resource().Attributes(), "resource", 10)
+
+		metrics := rm.ScopeMetrics().AppendEmpty().Metrics()
+		ts := pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(time.Now())
+
+		for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ {
+			m := metrics.AppendEmpty()
+			m.SetEmptyExponentialHistogram()
+			m.SetName(fmt.Sprintf("histogram-%d", i))
+			m.ExponentialHistogram().SetAggregationTemporality(pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative)
+			h := m.ExponentialHistogram().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+			h.SetTimestamp(ts)
+
+			h.SetCount(0)
+			h.SetSum(155)
+
+			generateAttributes(h.Attributes(), "series", 10)
+		}
+
+		converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
+		annots, err := converter.FromMetrics(request.Metrics(), Settings{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, annots)
+		ws, infos := annots.AsStrings("", 0, 0)
+		require.Empty(t, infos)
+		require.Equal(t, []string{
+			"exponential histogram data point has zero count, but non-zero sum: 155.000000",
+		}, ws)
+	})
+}
+
 func BenchmarkPrometheusConverter_FromMetrics(b *testing.B) {
 	for _, resourceAttributeCount := range []int{0, 5, 50} {
 		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("resource attribute count: %v", resourceAttributeCount), func(b *testing.B) {
@@ -49,7 +84,9 @@ func BenchmarkPrometheusConverter_FromMetrics(b *testing.B) {
 
 											for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 												converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
-												require.NoError(b, converter.FromMetrics(payload.Metrics(), Settings{}))
+												annots, err := converter.FromMetrics(payload.Metrics(), Settings{})
+												require.NoError(b, err)
+												require.Empty(b, annots)
 												require.NotNil(b, converter.TimeSeries())
 											}
 										})
diff --git a/storage/remote/write_handler.go b/storage/remote/write_handler.go
index aba79a561..8ac759046 100644
--- a/storage/remote/write_handler.go
+++ b/storage/remote/write_handler.go
@@ -502,12 +502,17 @@ func (h *otlpWriteHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	otlpCfg := h.configFunc().OTLPConfig
 
 	converter := otlptranslator.NewPrometheusConverter()
-	if err := converter.FromMetrics(req.Metrics(), otlptranslator.Settings{
+	annots, err := converter.FromMetrics(req.Metrics(), otlptranslator.Settings{
 		AddMetricSuffixes:         true,
 		PromoteResourceAttributes: otlpCfg.PromoteResourceAttributes,
-	}); err != nil {
+	})
+	if err != nil {
 		level.Warn(h.logger).Log("msg", "Error translating OTLP metrics to Prometheus write request", "err", err)
 	}
+	ws, _ := annots.AsStrings("", 0, 0)
+	if len(ws) > 0 {
+		level.Warn(h.logger).Log("msg", "Warnings translating OTLP metrics to Prometheus write request", "warnings", ws)
+	}
 
 	err = h.rwHandler.write(r.Context(), &prompb.WriteRequest{
 		Timeseries: converter.TimeSeries(),

From fbcd50f32c7a5f8f040cb4c9a4335f821a263f18 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2024 18:55:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 130/180] Upgrade golangci-lint to v1.60.2

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml  | 2 +-
 Makefile.common           | 2 +-
 scripts/golangci-lint.yml | 2 +-
 template/template.go      | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index c3a1d68e9..c89c9507b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           args: --verbose
           # Make sure to sync this with Makefile.common and scripts/golangci-lint.yml.
-          version: v1.60.1
+          version: v1.60.2
   fuzzing:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/fuzzing.yml
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
diff --git a/Makefile.common b/Makefile.common
index 2ecd5465c..34d65bb56 100644
--- a/Makefile.common
+++ b/Makefile.common
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ PROMU_URL     := https://github.com/prometheus/promu/releases/download/v$(PROMU_
 SKIP_GOLANGCI_LINT :=
 GOLANGCI_LINT :=
 GOLANGCI_LINT_OPTS ?=
-GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION ?= v1.60.1
+GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION ?= v1.60.2
 # golangci-lint only supports linux, darwin and windows platforms on i386/amd64/arm64.
 # windows isn't included here because of the path separator being different.
 ifeq ($(GOHOSTOS),$(filter $(GOHOSTOS),linux darwin))
diff --git a/scripts/golangci-lint.yml b/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
index fc0f9c654..f4a7385bb 100644
--- a/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
+++ b/scripts/golangci-lint.yml
@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ jobs:
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@aaa42aa0628b4ae2578232a66b541047968fac86 # v6.1.0
         with:
           args: --verbose
-          version: v1.60.1
+          version: v1.60.2
diff --git a/template/template.go b/template/template.go
index 9ffed6ff6..c507dbe74 100644
--- a/template/template.go
+++ b/template/template.go
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func NewTemplateExpander(
 				return html_template.HTML(text)
 			},
 			"match":     regexp.MatchString,
-			"title":     strings.Title,
+			"title":     strings.Title, //nolint:staticcheck
 			"toUpper":   strings.ToUpper,
 			"toLower":   strings.ToLower,
 			"graphLink": strutil.GraphLinkForExpression,

From 0f760f63dd5137ad406e0bc9f08676898e04ac97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2024 13:59:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 131/180] lint: Revamp our linting rules, mostly around doc
 comments

Several things done here:

- Set `max-issues-per-linter` to 0 so that we actually see all linter
  warnings and not just 50 per linter. (As we also set
  `max-same-issues` to 0, I assume this was the intention from the
  beginning.)

- Stop using the golangci-lint default excludes (by setting
  `exclude-use-default: false`. Those are too generous and don't match
  our style conventions. (I have re-added some of the excludes
  explicitly in this commit. See below.)

- Re-add the `errcheck` exclusion we have used so far via the
  defaults.

- Exclude the signature requirement `govet` has for `Seek` methods
  because we use non-standard `Seek` methods a lot. (But we keep other
  requirements, while the default excludes completely disabled the
  check for common method segnatures.)

- Exclude warnings about missing doc comments on exported symbols. (We
  used to be pretty adamant about doc comments, but stopped that at
  some point in the past. By now, we have about 500 missing doc
  comments. We may consider reintroducing this check, but that's
  outside of the scope of this commit. The default excludes of
  golangci-lint essentially ignore doc comments completely.)

- By stop using the default excludes, we now get warnings back on
  malformed doc comments. That's the most impactful change in this
  commit. It does not enforce doc comments (again), but _if_ there is
  a doc comment, it has to have the recommended form. (Most of the
  changes in this commit are fixing this form.)

- Improve wording/spelling of some comments in .golangci.yml, and
  remove an outdated comment.

- Leave `package-comments` inactive, but add a TODO asking if we
  should change that.

- Add a new sub-linter `comment-spacings` (and fix corresponding
  comments), which avoids missing spaces after the leading `//`.

Signed-off-by: beorn7 <beorn@grafana.com>
---
 .golangci.yml                        | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 cmd/promtool/main.go                 |  2 +-
 cmd/promtool/metrics.go              |  2 +-
 discovery/discoverer_metrics_noop.go |  2 +-
 discovery/discovery.go               | 22 ++++++++++----------
 discovery/manager.go                 |  2 +-
 discovery/metrics_refresh.go         |  2 +-
 discovery/util.go                    |  6 +++---
 model/exemplar/exemplar.go           |  6 ++++--
 model/labels/labels.go               | 11 +++++-----
 model/textparse/interface.go         |  4 ++--
 promql/engine.go                     |  6 +++---
 promql/parser/ast.go                 |  5 ++---
 scrape/clientprotobuf.go             |  4 ++--
 storage/interface.go                 |  2 +-
 storage/remote/azuread/azuread.go    |  6 ++++--
 template/template.go                 |  2 +-
 tsdb/chunks/head_chunks.go           |  4 ++--
 tsdb/db.go                           |  2 +-
 tsdb/encoding/encoding.go            |  4 ++--
 tsdb/head_other.go                   |  2 +-
 tsdb/index/index.go                  |  5 +++--
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go                |  4 ++--
 tsdb/wlog/watcher.go                 | 11 +++++-----
 tsdb/wlog/wlog.go                    |  4 ++--
 util/annotations/annotations.go      |  2 +-
 util/testutil/cmp.go                 |  5 +++--
 27 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.golangci.yml b/.golangci.yml
index e924fe3d5..303cd33d8 100644
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -25,15 +25,34 @@ linters:
     - loggercheck
 
 issues:
+  max-issues-per-linter: 0
   max-same-issues: 0
+  # The default exclusions are too aggressive. For one, they
+  # essentially disable any linting on doc comments. We disable
+  # default exclusions here and add exclusions fitting our codebase
+  # further down.
+  exclude-use-default: false
   exclude-files:
     # Skip autogenerated files.
     - ^.*\.(pb|y)\.go$
   exclude-dirs:
-    # Copied it from a different source
+    # Copied it from a different source.
     - storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite
     - storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus
   exclude-rules:
+    - linters:
+        - errcheck
+      # Taken from the default exclusions (that are otherwise disabled above).
+      text: Error return value of .((os\.)?std(out|err)\..*|.*Close|.*Flush|os\.Remove(All)?|.*print(f|ln)?|os\.(Un)?Setenv). is not checked
+    - linters:
+        - govet
+      # We use many Seek methods that do not follow the usual pattern.
+      text: "stdmethods: method Seek.* should have signature Seek"
+    - linters:
+        - revive
+      # We have stopped at some point to write doc comments on exported symbols.
+      # TODO(beorn7): Maybe we should enforce this again? There are ~500 offenders right now.
+      text: exported (.+) should have comment( \(or a comment on this block\))? or be unexported
     - linters:
         - gocritic
       text: "appendAssign"
@@ -94,15 +113,14 @@ linters-settings:
     errorf: false
   revive:
     # By default, revive will enable only the linting rules that are named in the configuration file.
-    # So, it's needed to explicitly set in configuration all required rules.
-    # The following configuration enables all the rules from the defaults.toml
-    # https://github.com/mgechev/revive/blob/master/defaults.toml
+    # So, it's needed to explicitly enable all required rules here.
     rules:
       # https://github.com/mgechev/revive/blob/master/RULES_DESCRIPTIONS.md
       - name: blank-imports
+      - name: comment-spacings
       - name: context-as-argument
         arguments:
-          # allow functions with test or bench signatures
+          # Allow functions with test or bench signatures.
           - allowTypesBefore: "*testing.T,testing.TB"
       - name: context-keys-type
       - name: dot-imports
@@ -118,6 +136,8 @@ linters-settings:
       - name: increment-decrement
       - name: indent-error-flow
       - name: package-comments
+        # TODO(beorn7): Currently, we have a lot of missing package doc comments. Maybe we should have them.
+        disabled: true
       - name: range
       - name: receiver-naming
       - name: redefines-builtin-id
diff --git a/cmd/promtool/main.go b/cmd/promtool/main.go
index 1c8e1dd1c..4d033c3c0 100644
--- a/cmd/promtool/main.go
+++ b/cmd/promtool/main.go
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ func (ls lintConfig) lintDuplicateRules() bool {
 	return ls.all || ls.duplicateRules
 }
 
-// Check server status - healthy & ready.
+// CheckServerStatus - healthy & ready.
 func CheckServerStatus(serverURL *url.URL, checkEndpoint string, roundTripper http.RoundTripper) error {
 	if serverURL.Scheme == "" {
 		serverURL.Scheme = "http"
diff --git a/cmd/promtool/metrics.go b/cmd/promtool/metrics.go
index 6d162f459..4c91d1d6f 100644
--- a/cmd/promtool/metrics.go
+++ b/cmd/promtool/metrics.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/fmtutil"
 )
 
-// Push metrics to a prometheus remote write (for testing purpose only).
+// PushMetrics to a prometheus remote write (for testing purpose only).
 func PushMetrics(url *url.URL, roundTripper http.RoundTripper, headers map[string]string, timeout time.Duration, labels map[string]string, files ...string) int {
 	addressURL, err := url.Parse(url.String())
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/discovery/discoverer_metrics_noop.go b/discovery/discoverer_metrics_noop.go
index 638317ace..4321204b6 100644
--- a/discovery/discoverer_metrics_noop.go
+++ b/discovery/discoverer_metrics_noop.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 package discovery
 
-// Create a dummy metrics struct, because this SD doesn't have any metrics.
+// NoopDiscovererMetrics creates a dummy metrics struct, because this SD doesn't have any metrics.
 type NoopDiscovererMetrics struct{}
 
 var _ DiscovererMetrics = (*NoopDiscovererMetrics)(nil)
diff --git a/discovery/discovery.go b/discovery/discovery.go
index a5826f817..a91faf6c8 100644
--- a/discovery/discovery.go
+++ b/discovery/discovery.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ type Discoverer interface {
 	Run(ctx context.Context, up chan<- []*targetgroup.Group)
 }
 
-// Internal metrics of service discovery mechanisms.
+// DiscovererMetrics are internal metrics of service discovery mechanisms.
 type DiscovererMetrics interface {
 	Register() error
 	Unregister()
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ type DiscovererOptions struct {
 	HTTPClientOptions []config.HTTPClientOption
 }
 
-// Metrics used by the "refresh" package.
+// RefreshMetrics are used by the "refresh" package.
 // We define them here in the "discovery" package in order to avoid a cyclic dependency between
 // "discovery" and "refresh".
 type RefreshMetrics struct {
@@ -64,17 +64,18 @@ type RefreshMetrics struct {
 	Duration prometheus.Observer
 }
 
-// Instantiate the metrics used by the "refresh" package.
+// RefreshMetricsInstantiator instantiates the metrics used by the "refresh" package.
 type RefreshMetricsInstantiator interface {
 	Instantiate(mech string) *RefreshMetrics
 }
 
-// An interface for registering, unregistering, and instantiating metrics for the "refresh" package.
-// Refresh metrics are registered and unregistered outside of the service discovery mechanism.
-// This is so that the same metrics can be reused across different service discovery mechanisms.
-// To manage refresh metrics inside the SD mechanism, we'd need to use const labels which are
-// specific to that SD. However, doing so would also expose too many unused metrics on
-// the Prometheus /metrics endpoint.
+// RefreshMetricsManager is an interface for registering, unregistering, and
+// instantiating metrics for the "refresh" package. Refresh metrics are
+// registered and unregistered outside of the service discovery mechanism. This
+// is so that the same metrics can be reused across different service discovery
+// mechanisms. To manage refresh metrics inside the SD mechanism, we'd need to
+// use const labels which are specific to that SD. However, doing so would also
+// expose too many unused metrics on the Prometheus /metrics endpoint.
 type RefreshMetricsManager interface {
 	DiscovererMetrics
 	RefreshMetricsInstantiator
@@ -145,7 +146,8 @@ func (c StaticConfig) NewDiscoverer(DiscovererOptions) (Discoverer, error) {
 	return staticDiscoverer(c), nil
 }
 
-// No metrics are needed for this service discovery mechanism.
+// NewDiscovererMetrics returns NoopDiscovererMetrics because no metrics are
+// needed for this service discovery mechanism.
 func (c StaticConfig) NewDiscovererMetrics(prometheus.Registerer, RefreshMetricsInstantiator) DiscovererMetrics {
 	return &NoopDiscovererMetrics{}
 }
diff --git a/discovery/manager.go b/discovery/manager.go
index 897d7d151..48bea85bb 100644
--- a/discovery/manager.go
+++ b/discovery/manager.go
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (p *Provider) Config() interface{} {
 	return p.config
 }
 
-// Registers the metrics needed for SD mechanisms.
+// CreateAndRegisterSDMetrics registers the metrics needed for SD mechanisms.
 // Does not register the metrics for the Discovery Manager.
 // TODO(ptodev): Add ability to unregister the metrics?
 func CreateAndRegisterSDMetrics(reg prometheus.Registerer) (map[string]DiscovererMetrics, error) {
diff --git a/discovery/metrics_refresh.go b/discovery/metrics_refresh.go
index d621165ce..ef49e591a 100644
--- a/discovery/metrics_refresh.go
+++ b/discovery/metrics_refresh.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 )
 
-// Metric vectors for the "refresh" package.
+// RefreshMetricsVecs are metric vectors for the "refresh" package.
 // We define them here in the "discovery" package in order to avoid a cyclic dependency between
 // "discovery" and "refresh".
 type RefreshMetricsVecs struct {
diff --git a/discovery/util.go b/discovery/util.go
index 83cc640dd..4e2a08851 100644
--- a/discovery/util.go
+++ b/discovery/util.go
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 )
 
-// A utility to be used by implementations of discovery.Discoverer
-// which need to manage the lifetime of their metrics.
+// MetricRegisterer is used by implementations of discovery.Discoverer that need
+// to manage the lifetime of their metrics.
 type MetricRegisterer interface {
 	RegisterMetrics() error
 	UnregisterMetrics()
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ type metricRegistererImpl struct {
 
 var _ MetricRegisterer = &metricRegistererImpl{}
 
-// Creates an instance of a MetricRegisterer.
+// NewMetricRegisterer creates an instance of a MetricRegisterer.
 // Typically called inside the implementation of the NewDiscoverer() method.
 func NewMetricRegisterer(reg prometheus.Registerer, metrics []prometheus.Collector) MetricRegisterer {
 	return &metricRegistererImpl{
diff --git a/model/exemplar/exemplar.go b/model/exemplar/exemplar.go
index 08f55374e..2c28b1725 100644
--- a/model/exemplar/exemplar.go
+++ b/model/exemplar/exemplar.go
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ package exemplar
 
 import "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 
-// The combined length of the label names and values of an Exemplar's LabelSet MUST NOT exceed 128 UTF-8 characters
+// ExemplarMaxLabelSetLength is defined by OpenMetrics: "The combined length of
+// the label names and values of an Exemplar's LabelSet MUST NOT exceed 128
+// UTF-8 characters."
 // https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md#exemplars
 const ExemplarMaxLabelSetLength = 128
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ func (e Exemplar) Equals(e2 Exemplar) bool {
 	return e.Value == e2.Value
 }
 
-// Sort first by timestamp, then value, then labels.
+// Compare first timestamps, then values, then labels.
 func Compare(a, b Exemplar) int {
 	if a.Ts < b.Ts {
 		return -1
diff --git a/model/labels/labels.go b/model/labels/labels.go
index cd30f4f8f..f4de7496c 100644
--- a/model/labels/labels.go
+++ b/model/labels/labels.go
@@ -315,7 +315,8 @@ func Compare(a, b Labels) int {
 	return len(a) - len(b)
 }
 
-// Copy labels from b on top of whatever was in ls previously, reusing memory or expanding if needed.
+// CopyFrom copies labels from b on top of whatever was in ls previously,
+// reusing memory or expanding if needed.
 func (ls *Labels) CopyFrom(b Labels) {
 	(*ls) = append((*ls)[:0], b...)
 }
@@ -422,7 +423,7 @@ type ScratchBuilder struct {
 	add Labels
 }
 
-// Symbol-table is no-op, just for api parity with dedupelabels.
+// SymbolTable is no-op, just for api parity with dedupelabels.
 type SymbolTable struct{}
 
 func NewSymbolTable() *SymbolTable { return nil }
@@ -458,7 +459,7 @@ func (b *ScratchBuilder) Add(name, value string) {
 	b.add = append(b.add, Label{Name: name, Value: value})
 }
 
-// Add a name/value pair, using []byte instead of string.
+// UnsafeAddBytes adds a name/value pair, using []byte instead of string.
 // The '-tags stringlabels' version of this function is unsafe, hence the name.
 // This version is safe - it copies the strings immediately - but we keep the same name so everything compiles.
 func (b *ScratchBuilder) UnsafeAddBytes(name, value []byte) {
@@ -475,14 +476,14 @@ func (b *ScratchBuilder) Assign(ls Labels) {
 	b.add = append(b.add[:0], ls...) // Copy on top of our slice, so we don't retain the input slice.
 }
 
-// Return the name/value pairs added so far as a Labels object.
+// Labels returns the name/value pairs added so far as a Labels object.
 // Note: if you want them sorted, call Sort() first.
 func (b *ScratchBuilder) Labels() Labels {
 	// Copy the slice, so the next use of ScratchBuilder doesn't overwrite.
 	return append([]Label{}, b.add...)
 }
 
-// Write the newly-built Labels out to ls.
+// Overwrite the newly-built Labels out to ls.
 // Callers must ensure that there are no other references to ls, or any strings fetched from it.
 func (b *ScratchBuilder) Overwrite(ls *Labels) {
 	*ls = append((*ls)[:0], b.add...)
diff --git a/model/textparse/interface.go b/model/textparse/interface.go
index df01dbc34..0b5d9281e 100644
--- a/model/textparse/interface.go
+++ b/model/textparse/interface.go
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ const (
 	EntryInvalid   Entry = -1
 	EntryType      Entry = 0
 	EntryHelp      Entry = 1
-	EntrySeries    Entry = 2 // A series with a simple float64 as value.
+	EntrySeries    Entry = 2 // EntrySeries marks a series with a simple float64 as value.
 	EntryComment   Entry = 3
 	EntryUnit      Entry = 4
-	EntryHistogram Entry = 5 // A series with a native histogram as a value.
+	EntryHistogram Entry = 5 // EntryHistogram marks a series with a native histogram as a value.
 )
diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index daa46ab6f..60c8e0639 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ func (ng *Engine) validateOpts(expr parser.Expr) error {
 	return validationErr
 }
 
-// NewTestQuery: inject special behaviour into Query for testing.
+// NewTestQuery injects special behaviour into Query for testing.
 func (ng *Engine) NewTestQuery(f func(context.Context) error) Query {
 	qry := &query{
 		q:           "test statement",
@@ -3531,14 +3531,14 @@ func makeInt64Pointer(val int64) *int64 {
 	return valp
 }
 
-// Add RatioSampler interface to allow unit-testing (previously: Randomizer).
+// RatioSampler allows unit-testing (previously: Randomizer).
 type RatioSampler interface {
 	// Return this sample "offset" between [0.0, 1.0]
 	sampleOffset(ts int64, sample *Sample) float64
 	AddRatioSample(r float64, sample *Sample) bool
 }
 
-// Use Hash(labels.String()) / maxUint64 as a "deterministic"
+// HashRatioSampler uses Hash(labels.String()) / maxUint64 as a "deterministic"
 // value in [0.0, 1.0].
 type HashRatioSampler struct{}
 
diff --git a/promql/parser/ast.go b/promql/parser/ast.go
index 830e8a2c5..162d7817a 100644
--- a/promql/parser/ast.go
+++ b/promql/parser/ast.go
@@ -352,8 +352,7 @@ func (f inspector) Visit(node Node, path []Node) (Visitor, error) {
 // f(node, path); node must not be nil. If f returns a nil error, Inspect invokes f
 // for all the non-nil children of node, recursively.
 func Inspect(node Node, f inspector) {
-	//nolint: errcheck
-	Walk(f, node, nil)
+	Walk(f, node, nil) //nolint:errcheck
 }
 
 // Children returns a list of all child nodes of a syntax tree node.
@@ -419,7 +418,7 @@ func mergeRanges(first, last Node) posrange.PositionRange {
 	}
 }
 
-// Item implements the Node interface.
+// PositionRange implements the Node interface.
 // This makes it possible to call mergeRanges on them.
 func (i *Item) PositionRange() posrange.PositionRange {
 	return posrange.PositionRange{
diff --git a/scrape/clientprotobuf.go b/scrape/clientprotobuf.go
index 2213268d5..e632035b4 100644
--- a/scrape/clientprotobuf.go
+++ b/scrape/clientprotobuf.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
 )
 
-// Write a MetricFamily into a protobuf.
+// MetricFamilyToProtobuf writes a MetricFamily into a protobuf.
 // This function is intended for testing scraping by providing protobuf serialized input.
 func MetricFamilyToProtobuf(metricFamily *dto.MetricFamily) ([]byte, error) {
 	buffer := &bytes.Buffer{}
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func MetricFamilyToProtobuf(metricFamily *dto.MetricFamily) ([]byte, error) {
 	return buffer.Bytes(), nil
 }
 
-// Append a MetricFamily protobuf representation to a buffer.
+// AddMetricFamilyToProtobuf appends a MetricFamily protobuf representation to a buffer.
 // This function is intended for testing scraping by providing protobuf serialized input.
 func AddMetricFamilyToProtobuf(buffer *bytes.Buffer, metricFamily *dto.MetricFamily) error {
 	protoBuf, err := proto.Marshal(metricFamily)
diff --git a/storage/interface.go b/storage/interface.go
index f85f985e9..2f125e590 100644
--- a/storage/interface.go
+++ b/storage/interface.go
@@ -227,9 +227,9 @@ type LabelHints struct {
 	Limit int
 }
 
-// TODO(bwplotka): Move to promql/engine_test.go?
 // QueryableFunc is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary functions as
 // Queryables. It follows the idea of http.HandlerFunc.
+// TODO(bwplotka): Move to promql/engine_test.go?
 type QueryableFunc func(mint, maxt int64) (Querier, error)
 
 // Querier calls f() with the given parameters.
diff --git a/storage/remote/azuread/azuread.go b/storage/remote/azuread/azuread.go
index 58520c6a5..82f46b82f 100644
--- a/storage/remote/azuread/azuread.go
+++ b/storage/remote/azuread/azuread.go
@@ -31,13 +31,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 )
 
+// Clouds.
 const (
-	// Clouds.
 	AzureChina      = "AzureChina"
 	AzureGovernment = "AzureGovernment"
 	AzurePublic     = "AzurePublic"
+)
 
-	// Audiences.
+// Audiences.
+const (
 	IngestionChinaAudience      = "https://monitor.azure.cn//.default"
 	IngestionGovernmentAudience = "https://monitor.azure.us//.default"
 	IngestionPublicAudience     = "https://monitor.azure.com//.default"
diff --git a/template/template.go b/template/template.go
index c507dbe74..0698c6c8a 100644
--- a/template/template.go
+++ b/template/template.go
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func NewTemplateExpander(
 				return html_template.HTML(text)
 			},
 			"match":     regexp.MatchString,
-			"title":     strings.Title, //nolint:staticcheck
+			"title":     strings.Title, //nolint:staticcheck // TODO(beorn7): Need to come up with a replacement using the cases package.
 			"toUpper":   strings.ToUpper,
 			"toLower":   strings.ToLower,
 			"graphLink": strutil.GraphLinkForExpression,
diff --git a/tsdb/chunks/head_chunks.go b/tsdb/chunks/head_chunks.go
index 6c8707c57..876b42cb2 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunks/head_chunks.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunks/head_chunks.go
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ func (f *chunkPos) bytesToWriteForChunk(chkLen uint64) uint64 {
 // ChunkDiskMapper is for writing the Head block chunks to disk
 // and access chunks via mmapped files.
 type ChunkDiskMapper struct {
-	/// Writer.
+	// Writer.
 	dir             *os.File
 	writeBufferSize int
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ type ChunkDiskMapper struct {
 	crc32        hash.Hash
 	writePathMtx sync.Mutex
 
-	/// Reader.
+	// Reader.
 	// The int key in the map is the file number on the disk.
 	mmappedChunkFiles map[int]*mmappedChunkFile // Contains the m-mapped files for each chunk file mapped with its index.
 	closers           map[int]io.Closer         // Closers for resources behind the byte slices.
diff --git a/tsdb/db.go b/tsdb/db.go
index 706e5bbac..a5b3a5e60 100644
--- a/tsdb/db.go
+++ b/tsdb/db.go
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	// Default duration of a block in milliseconds.
+	// DefaultBlockDuration in milliseconds.
 	DefaultBlockDuration = int64(2 * time.Hour / time.Millisecond)
 
 	// Block dir suffixes to make deletion and creation operations atomic.
diff --git a/tsdb/encoding/encoding.go b/tsdb/encoding/encoding.go
index cd98fbd82..88fdd30c8 100644
--- a/tsdb/encoding/encoding.go
+++ b/tsdb/encoding/encoding.go
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ func (d *Decbuf) UvarintStr() string {
 	return string(d.UvarintBytes())
 }
 
-// The return value becomes invalid if the byte slice goes away.
-// Compared to UvarintStr, this avoid allocations.
+// UvarintBytes returns invalid values if the byte slice goes away.
+// Compared to UvarintStr, it avoid allocations.
 func (d *Decbuf) UvarintBytes() []byte {
 	l := d.Uvarint64()
 	if d.E != nil {
diff --git a/tsdb/head_other.go b/tsdb/head_other.go
index eb1b93a3e..fea91530d 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_other.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_other.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func (s *memSeries) labels() labels.Labels {
 	return s.lset
 }
 
-// No-op when not using dedupelabels.
+// RebuildSymbolTable is a no-op when not using dedupelabels.
 func (h *Head) RebuildSymbolTable(logger log.Logger) *labels.SymbolTable {
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/tsdb/index/index.go b/tsdb/index/index.go
index 362105459..0e0e35371 100644
--- a/tsdb/index/index.go
+++ b/tsdb/index/index.go
@@ -196,8 +196,9 @@ func NewTOCFromByteSlice(bs ByteSlice) (*TOC, error) {
 	return toc, d.Err()
 }
 
-// NewWriter returns a new Writer to the given filename. It serializes data in format version 2.
-// It uses the given encoder to encode each postings list.
+// NewWriterWithEncoder returns a new Writer to the given filename. It
+// serializes data in format version 2. It uses the given encoder to encode each
+// postings list.
 func NewWriterWithEncoder(ctx context.Context, fn string, encoder PostingsEncoder) (*Writer, error) {
 	dir := filepath.Dir(fn)
 
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index cc98df472..f1d06a421 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -263,8 +263,8 @@ func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chu
 	return nil, mc, err
 }
 
-// ChunkOrIterableWithCopy: implements ChunkReaderWithCopy. The special Copy behaviour
-// is only implemented for the in-order head chunk.
+// ChunkOrIterableWithCopy implements ChunkReaderWithCopy. The special Copy
+// behaviour is only implemented for the in-order head chunk.
 func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, int64, error) {
 	_, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
 	if !isOOO {
diff --git a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
index c1eed78f6..86e6f9c81 100644
--- a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
+++ b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
@@ -58,15 +58,16 @@ type WriteTo interface {
 	StoreSeries([]record.RefSeries, int)
 	StoreMetadata([]record.RefMetadata)
 
-	// Next two methods are intended for garbage-collection: first we call
-	// UpdateSeriesSegment on all current series
+	// UpdateSeriesSegment and SeriesReset are intended for
+	// garbage-collection:
+	// First we call UpdateSeriesSegment on all current series.
 	UpdateSeriesSegment([]record.RefSeries, int)
-	// Then SeriesReset is called to allow the deletion
-	// of all series created in a segment lower than the argument.
+	// Then SeriesReset is called to allow the deletion of all series
+	// created in a segment lower than the argument.
 	SeriesReset(int)
 }
 
-// Used to notify the watcher that data has been written so that it can read.
+// WriteNotified notifies the watcher that data has been written so that it can read.
 type WriteNotified interface {
 	Notify()
 }
diff --git a/tsdb/wlog/wlog.go b/tsdb/wlog/wlog.go
index 993e930ce..b14521f35 100644
--- a/tsdb/wlog/wlog.go
+++ b/tsdb/wlog/wlog.go
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	DefaultSegmentSize = 128 * 1024 * 1024 // 128 MB
-	pageSize           = 32 * 1024         // 32KB
+	DefaultSegmentSize = 128 * 1024 * 1024 // DefaultSegmentSize is 128 MB.
+	pageSize           = 32 * 1024         // pageSize is 32KB.
 	recordHeaderSize   = 7
 	WblDirName         = "wbl"
 )
diff --git a/util/annotations/annotations.go b/util/annotations/annotations.go
index bc5d76db4..b0272b7fe 100644
--- a/util/annotations/annotations.go
+++ b/util/annotations/annotations.go
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ func NewInvalidQuantileWarning(q float64, pos posrange.PositionRange) error {
 	}
 }
 
-// NewInvalidQuantileWarning is used when the user specifies an invalid ratio
+// NewInvalidRatioWarning is used when the user specifies an invalid ratio
 // value, i.e. a float that is outside the range [-1, 1] or NaN.
 func NewInvalidRatioWarning(q, to float64, pos posrange.PositionRange) error {
 	return annoErr{
diff --git a/util/testutil/cmp.go b/util/testutil/cmp.go
index 370d191f3..24d39d514 100644
--- a/util/testutil/cmp.go
+++ b/util/testutil/cmp.go
@@ -23,13 +23,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 )
 
-// Replacement for require.Equal using go-cmp adapted for Prometheus data structures, instead of DeepEqual.
+// RequireEqual is a replacement for require.Equal using go-cmp adapted for
+// Prometheus data structures, instead of DeepEqual.
 func RequireEqual(t testing.TB, expected, actual interface{}, msgAndArgs ...interface{}) {
 	t.Helper()
 	RequireEqualWithOptions(t, expected, actual, nil, msgAndArgs...)
 }
 
-// As RequireEqual but allows extra cmp.Options.
+// RequireEqualWithOptions works like RequireEqual but allows extra cmp.Options.
 func RequireEqualWithOptions(t testing.TB, expected, actual interface{}, extra []cmp.Option, msgAndArgs ...interface{}) {
 	t.Helper()
 	options := append([]cmp.Option{cmp.Comparer(labels.Equal)}, extra...)

From c7c4a5c3476c39c4776eb5146ad9c93b85e4fb58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ziqi Zhao <zhaoziqi9146@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2024 09:28:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 132/180] add helper function to compare native histograms in
 testing

Signed-off-by: Ziqi Zhao <zhaoziqi9146@gmail.com>
---
 model/histogram/float_histogram.go |  14 +---
 promql/promqltest/test.go          | 119 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 util/almost/almost.go              |   2 +
 3 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/model/histogram/float_histogram.go b/model/histogram/float_histogram.go
index b3baaffb0..2a37ea66d 100644
--- a/model/histogram/float_histogram.go
+++ b/model/histogram/float_histogram.go
@@ -17,12 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/almost"
-)
-
-const (
-	defaultEpsilon = 0.000001
 )
 
 // FloatHistogram is similar to Histogram but uses float64 for all
@@ -462,8 +456,8 @@ func (h *FloatHistogram) Equals(h2 *FloatHistogram) bool {
 	}
 
 	if h.Schema != h2.Schema ||
-		!almost.Equal(h.Count, h2.Count, defaultEpsilon) ||
-		!almost.Equal(h.Sum, h2.Sum, defaultEpsilon) {
+		math.Float64bits(h.Count) != math.Float64bits(h2.Count) ||
+		math.Float64bits(h.Sum) != math.Float64bits(h2.Sum) {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -474,7 +468,7 @@ func (h *FloatHistogram) Equals(h2 *FloatHistogram) bool {
 	}
 
 	if h.ZeroThreshold != h2.ZeroThreshold ||
-		!almost.Equal(h.ZeroCount, h2.ZeroCount, defaultEpsilon) {
+		math.Float64bits(h.ZeroCount) != math.Float64bits(h2.ZeroCount) {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -1316,7 +1310,7 @@ func FloatBucketsMatch(b1, b2 []float64) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	for i, b := range b1 {
-		if !almost.Equal(b, b2[i], defaultEpsilon) {
+		if math.Float64bits(b) != math.Float64bits(b2[i]) {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/test.go b/promql/promqltest/test.go
index de67cae83..1773b6341 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/test.go
+++ b/promql/promqltest/test.go
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 					return fmt.Errorf("expected histogram value at index %v for %s to have timestamp %v, but it had timestamp %v (result has %s)", i, ev.metrics[hash], expected.T, actual.T, formatSeriesResult(s))
 				}
 
-				if !actual.H.Compact(0).Equals(expected.H.Compact(0)) {
+				if !compareNativeHistogram(expected.H.Compact(0), actual.H.Compact(0)) {
 					return fmt.Errorf("expected histogram value at index %v (t=%v) for %s to be %v, but got %v (result has %s)", i, actual.T, ev.metrics[hash], expected.H, actual.H, formatSeriesResult(s))
 				}
 			}
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 			if expH != nil && v.H == nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("expected histogram %s for %s but got float value %v", HistogramTestExpression(expH), v.Metric, v.F)
 			}
-			if expH != nil && !expH.Compact(0).Equals(v.H.Compact(0)) {
+			if expH != nil && !compareNativeHistogram(expH.Compact(0), v.H.Compact(0)) {
 				return fmt.Errorf("expected %v for %s but got %s", HistogramTestExpression(expH), v.Metric, HistogramTestExpression(v.H))
 			}
 			if !almost.Equal(exp0.Value, v.F, defaultEpsilon) {
@@ -837,6 +837,121 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// compareNativeHistogram is helper function to compare two native histograms
+// which can tolerate some differ in the field of float type, such as Count, Sum
+func compareNativeHistogram(exp, cur *histogram.FloatHistogram) bool {
+	if exp == nil || cur == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if exp.Schema != cur.Schema ||
+		!almost.Equal(exp.Count, cur.Count, defaultEpsilon) ||
+		!almost.Equal(exp.Sum, cur.Sum, defaultEpsilon) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if exp.UsesCustomBuckets() {
+		if !histogram.FloatBucketsMatch(exp.CustomValues, cur.CustomValues) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	if exp.ZeroThreshold != cur.ZeroThreshold ||
+		!almost.Equal(exp.ZeroCount, cur.ZeroCount, defaultEpsilon) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if !spansMatch(exp.NegativeSpans, cur.NegativeSpans) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !floatBucketsMatch(exp.NegativeBuckets, cur.NegativeBuckets) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if !spansMatch(exp.PositiveSpans, cur.PositiveSpans) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !floatBucketsMatch(exp.PositiveBuckets, cur.PositiveBuckets) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+func floatBucketsMatch(b1, b2 []float64) bool {
+	if len(b1) != len(b2) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i, b := range b1 {
+		if !almost.Equal(b, b2[i], defaultEpsilon) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func spansMatch(s1, s2 []histogram.Span) bool {
+	if len(s1) == 0 && len(s2) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	s1idx, s2idx := 0, 0
+	for {
+		if s1idx >= len(s1) {
+			return allEmptySpans(s2[s2idx:])
+		}
+		if s2idx >= len(s2) {
+			return allEmptySpans(s1[s1idx:])
+		}
+
+		currS1, currS2 := s1[s1idx], s2[s2idx]
+		s1idx++
+		s2idx++
+		if currS1.Length == 0 {
+			// This span is zero length, so we add consecutive such spans
+			// until we find a non-zero span.
+			for ; s1idx < len(s1) && s1[s1idx].Length == 0; s1idx++ {
+				currS1.Offset += s1[s1idx].Offset
+			}
+			if s1idx < len(s1) {
+				currS1.Offset += s1[s1idx].Offset
+				currS1.Length = s1[s1idx].Length
+				s1idx++
+			}
+		}
+		if currS2.Length == 0 {
+			// This span is zero length, so we add consecutive such spans
+			// until we find a non-zero span.
+			for ; s2idx < len(s2) && s2[s2idx].Length == 0; s2idx++ {
+				currS2.Offset += s2[s2idx].Offset
+			}
+			if s2idx < len(s2) {
+				currS2.Offset += s2[s2idx].Offset
+				currS2.Length = s2[s2idx].Length
+				s2idx++
+			}
+		}
+
+		if currS1.Length == 0 && currS2.Length == 0 {
+			// The last spans of both set are zero length. Previous spans match.
+			return true
+		}
+
+		if currS1.Offset != currS2.Offset || currS1.Length != currS2.Length {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func allEmptySpans(s []histogram.Span) bool {
+	for _, ss := range s {
+		if ss.Length > 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 func (ev *evalCmd) checkExpectedFailure(actual error) error {
 	if ev.expectedFailMessage != "" {
 		if ev.expectedFailMessage != actual.Error() {
diff --git a/util/almost/almost.go b/util/almost/almost.go
index 1803c4b43..e0b5acb82 100644
--- a/util/almost/almost.go
+++ b/util/almost/almost.go
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ var minNormal = math.Float64frombits(0x0010000000000000) // The smallest positiv
 // Equal returns true if a and b differ by less than their sum
 // multiplied by epsilon.
 func Equal(a, b, epsilon float64) bool {
+	// StaleNaN is a special value that is used as staleness maker, so
+	// the two values are equal when both are exactly equals to stale NaN
 	if value.IsStaleNaN(a) || value.IsStaleNaN(b) {
 		return value.IsStaleNaN(a) && value.IsStaleNaN(b)
 	}

From 87eab0aaad8af2348415b2d3582aacbffb613b23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ziqi Zhao <zhaoziqi9146@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2024 09:32:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 133/180] fix golang lint

Signed-off-by: Ziqi Zhao <zhaoziqi9146@gmail.com>
---
 promql/promqltest/test.go | 2 +-
 util/almost/almost.go     | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/promqltest/test.go b/promql/promqltest/test.go
index 1773b6341..4d12dead9 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/test.go
+++ b/promql/promqltest/test.go
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ func (ev *evalCmd) compareResult(result parser.Value) error {
 }
 
 // compareNativeHistogram is helper function to compare two native histograms
-// which can tolerate some differ in the field of float type, such as Count, Sum
+// which can tolerate some differ in the field of float type, such as Count, Sum.
 func compareNativeHistogram(exp, cur *histogram.FloatHistogram) bool {
 	if exp == nil || cur == nil {
 		return false
diff --git a/util/almost/almost.go b/util/almost/almost.go
index e0b5acb82..a40462658 100644
--- a/util/almost/almost.go
+++ b/util/almost/almost.go
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ var minNormal = math.Float64frombits(0x0010000000000000) // The smallest positiv
 // multiplied by epsilon.
 func Equal(a, b, epsilon float64) bool {
 	// StaleNaN is a special value that is used as staleness maker, so
-	// the two values are equal when both are exactly equals to stale NaN
+	// the two values are equal when both are exactly equals to stale NaN.
 	if value.IsStaleNaN(a) || value.IsStaleNaN(b) {
 		return value.IsStaleNaN(a) && value.IsStaleNaN(b)
 	}

From b0aba26ed5f2abf280bef3360672953ecb8d185b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2024 08:20:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 134/180] tsdb: Fix ValNone typo in comment

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/querier.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/querier.go b/tsdb/querier.go
index 2e15f0b08..912c95032 100644
--- a/tsdb/querier.go
+++ b/tsdb/querier.go
@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ func (p *populateWithDelChunkSeriesIterator) populateChunksFromIterable() bool {
 		// Check if the encoding has changed (i.e. we need to create a new
 		// chunk as chunks can't have multiple encoding types).
 		// For the first sample, the following condition will always be true as
-		// ValNoneNone != ValFloat | ValHistogram | ValFloatHistogram.
+		// ValNone != ValFloat | ValHistogram | ValFloatHistogram.
 		if currentValueType != prevValueType {
 			if prevValueType != chunkenc.ValNone {
 				p.chunksFromIterable = append(p.chunksFromIterable, chunks.Meta{Chunk: currentChunk, MinTime: cmint, MaxTime: cmaxt})

From 41c076196ef6626585cac34ec758e6582019c010 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2024 11:36:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 135/180] New cases in Test_ChunkQuerier_OOOQuery and
 Test_Querier_OOOQuery
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Case 1: OOO in-memory head chunk overlaps with first mmaped in-order chunk.

Query: |----------------------------------------------------------------|
InO:    |------mmap---------------||---------mem----------------------|
OOO:     |-----mem-----------|

This triggers ChunkOrIterableWithCopy not including OOO head chunks bug.

Similar to #14693 however testing the end of the interval doesn't
trigger the problem because there the in-order head chunk will be
trimmed with a tombstone, causing the code to switch to ChunkOrIterable
which was fixed.
See https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/a36d1a8a9261ba7169cf2fca862a606adc9f3d9d/tsdb/querier.go#L646
where len(p.bufIter.Intervals) will be non zero, because it includes the
tombstone to trim the result to the query max time.

Thus a new test is added to check the overlap at the beginning of the
interval that has a separate chunk, which does not need trimming.

Note: same test doesn't fail for sample querier in Test_Querier_OOOQuery
as that doesn't use copy, that is copyHeadChunk is false in the if
condition above.

Case 2:

OOO mmaped head chunk overlaps with first mmaped in-order chunk.

Query: |----------------------------------------------------------------|
InO:    |------mmap---------------||---------mem----------------------|
OOO:     |-----mmap-----------|                             |--mem--|

In this case the meta contains the reference of the in-order chunk and
no indication that a merge is needed with the OOO mmaped chunk.

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 tsdb/db_test.go | 377 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 304 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/db_test.go b/tsdb/db_test.go
index 6d266e872..4e3a077f6 100644
--- a/tsdb/db_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/db_test.go
@@ -5036,16 +5036,15 @@ func testOOOQueryAfterRestartWithSnapshotAndRemovedWBL(t *testing.T, scenario sa
 
 func Test_Querier_OOOQuery(t *testing.T) {
 	opts := DefaultOptions()
-	opts.OutOfOrderCapMax = 30
 	opts.OutOfOrderTimeWindow = 24 * time.Hour.Milliseconds()
 
 	series1 := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar1")
 
+	type filterFunc func(t int64) bool
+	defaultFilterFunc := func(t int64) bool { return true }
+
 	minutes := func(m int64) int64 { return m * time.Minute.Milliseconds() }
-	addSample := func(db *DB, fromMins, toMins, queryMinT, queryMaxT int64, expSamples []chunks.Sample, filter func(int64) bool) ([]chunks.Sample, int) {
-		if filter == nil {
-			filter = func(int64) bool { return true }
-		}
+	addSample := func(db *DB, fromMins, toMins, queryMinT, queryMaxT int64, expSamples []chunks.Sample, filter filterFunc) ([]chunks.Sample, int) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
 		totalAppended := 0
 		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
@@ -5060,68 +5059,173 @@ func Test_Querier_OOOQuery(t *testing.T) {
 			totalAppended++
 		}
 		require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
+		require.Positive(t, totalAppended, 0) // Sanity check that filter is not too zealous.
 		return expSamples, totalAppended
 	}
 
+	type sampleBatch struct {
+		minT   int64
+		maxT   int64
+		filter filterFunc
+		isOOO  bool
+	}
+
 	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		queryMinT   int64
-		queryMaxT   int64
-		inOrderMinT int64
-		inOrderMaxT int64
-		oooMinT     int64
-		oooMaxT     int64
+		name      string
+		oooCap    int64
+		queryMinT int64
+		queryMaxT int64
+		batches   []sampleBatch
 	}{
 		{
-			name:        "query interval covering ooomint and inordermaxt returns all ingested samples",
-			queryMinT:   minutes(0),
-			queryMaxT:   minutes(200),
-			inOrderMinT: minutes(100),
-			inOrderMaxT: minutes(200),
-			oooMinT:     minutes(0),
-			oooMaxT:     minutes(99),
+			name:      "query interval covering ooomint and inordermaxt returns all ingested samples",
+			oooCap:    30,
+			queryMinT: minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(200),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: defaultFilterFunc,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(0),
+					maxT:   minutes(99),
+					filter: defaultFilterFunc,
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:        "partial query interval returns only samples within interval",
-			queryMinT:   minutes(20),
-			queryMaxT:   minutes(180),
-			inOrderMinT: minutes(100),
-			inOrderMaxT: minutes(200),
-			oooMinT:     minutes(0),
-			oooMaxT:     minutes(99),
+			name:      "partial query interval returns only samples within interval",
+			oooCap:    30,
+			queryMinT: minutes(20),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(180),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: defaultFilterFunc,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(0),
+					maxT:   minutes(99),
+					filter: defaultFilterFunc,
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:        "query overlapping inorder and ooo samples returns all ingested samples",
-			queryMinT:   minutes(0),
-			queryMaxT:   minutes(200),
-			inOrderMinT: minutes(100),
-			inOrderMaxT: minutes(200),
-			oooMinT:     minutes(180 - opts.OutOfOrderCapMax/2), // Make sure to fit into the OOO head.
-			oooMaxT:     minutes(180),
+			name:      "query overlapping inorder and ooo samples returns all ingested samples at the end of the interval",
+			oooCap:    30,
+			queryMinT: minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(200),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 0 },
+					isOOO:  false,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(170),
+					maxT:   minutes(180),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "query overlapping inorder and ooo in-memory samples returns all ingested samples at the beginning of the interval",
+			oooCap:    30,
+			queryMinT: minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(200),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 0 },
+					isOOO:  false,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(110),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "query inorder contain ooo mmaped samples returns all ingested samples at the beginning of the interval",
+			oooCap:    5,
+			queryMinT: minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(200),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 0 },
+					isOOO:  false,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(101),
+					maxT:   minutes(101 + (5-1)*2), // Append samples to fit in a single mmmaped OOO chunk and fit inside the first in-order mmaped chunk.
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(191),
+					maxT:   minutes(193), // Append some more OOO samples to trigger mapping the OOO chunk, but use time 151 to not overlap with in-order head chunk.
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "query overlapping inorder and ooo mmaped samples returns all ingested samples at the beginning of the interval",
+			oooCap:    30,
+			queryMinT: minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(200),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 0 },
+					isOOO:  false,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(101),
+					maxT:   minutes(101 + (30-1)*2), // Append samples to fit in a single mmmaped OOO chunk and overlap the first in-order mmaped chunk.
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(191),
+					maxT:   minutes(193), // Append some more OOO samples to trigger mapping the OOO chunk, but use time 151 to not overlap with in-order head chunk.
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("name=%s", tc.name), func(t *testing.T) {
+			opts.OutOfOrderCapMax = tc.oooCap
 			db := openTestDB(t, opts, nil)
 			db.DisableCompactions()
 			defer func() {
 				require.NoError(t, db.Close())
 			}()
 
-			var (
-				expSamples []chunks.Sample
-				inoSamples int
-			)
+			var expSamples []chunks.Sample
+			var oooSamples, appendedCount int
 
-			// Add in-order samples (at even minutes).
-			expSamples, inoSamples = addSample(db, tc.inOrderMinT, tc.inOrderMaxT, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, expSamples, func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 0 })
-			// Sanity check that filter is not too zealous.
-			require.Positive(t, inoSamples, 0)
-
-			// Add out-of-order samples (at odd minutes).
-			expSamples, oooSamples := addSample(db, tc.oooMinT, tc.oooMaxT, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, expSamples, func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 })
-			// Sanity check that filter is not too zealous.
-			require.Positive(t, oooSamples, 0)
+			for _, batch := range tc.batches {
+				expSamples, appendedCount = addSample(db, batch.minT, batch.maxT, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, expSamples, batch.filter)
+				if batch.isOOO {
+					oooSamples += appendedCount
+				}
+			}
 
 			sort.Slice(expSamples, func(i, j int) bool {
 				return expSamples[i].T() < expSamples[j].T()
@@ -5147,11 +5251,17 @@ func Test_ChunkQuerier_OOOQuery(t *testing.T) {
 
 	series1 := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar1")
 
+	type filterFunc func(t int64) bool
+	defaultFilterFunc := func(t int64) bool { return true }
+
 	minutes := func(m int64) int64 { return m * time.Minute.Milliseconds() }
-	addSample := func(db *DB, fromMins, toMins, queryMinT, queryMaxT int64, expSamples []chunks.Sample) ([]chunks.Sample, int) {
+	addSample := func(db *DB, fromMins, toMins, queryMinT, queryMaxT int64, expSamples []chunks.Sample, filter filterFunc) ([]chunks.Sample, int) {
 		app := db.Appender(context.Background())
 		totalAppended := 0
 		for m := fromMins; m <= toMins; m += time.Minute.Milliseconds() {
+			if !filter(m / time.Minute.Milliseconds()) {
+				continue
+			}
 			_, err := app.Append(0, series1, m, float64(m))
 			if m >= queryMinT && m <= queryMaxT {
 				expSamples = append(expSamples, sample{t: m, f: float64(m)})
@@ -5160,39 +5270,158 @@ func Test_ChunkQuerier_OOOQuery(t *testing.T) {
 			totalAppended++
 		}
 		require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
+		require.Positive(t, totalAppended) // Sanity check that filter is not too zealous.
 		return expSamples, totalAppended
 	}
 
+	type sampleBatch struct {
+		minT   int64
+		maxT   int64
+		filter filterFunc
+		isOOO  bool
+	}
+
 	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		queryMinT   int64
-		queryMaxT   int64
-		inOrderMinT int64
-		inOrderMaxT int64
-		oooMinT     int64
-		oooMaxT     int64
+		name      string
+		oooCap    int64
+		queryMinT int64
+		queryMaxT int64
+		batches   []sampleBatch
 	}{
 		{
-			name:        "query interval covering ooomint and inordermaxt returns all ingested samples",
-			queryMinT:   minutes(0),
-			queryMaxT:   minutes(200),
-			inOrderMinT: minutes(100),
-			inOrderMaxT: minutes(200),
-			oooMinT:     minutes(0),
-			oooMaxT:     minutes(99),
+			name:      "query interval covering ooomint and inordermaxt returns all ingested samples",
+			oooCap:    30,
+			queryMinT: minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(200),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: defaultFilterFunc,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(0),
+					maxT:   minutes(99),
+					filter: defaultFilterFunc,
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:        "partial query interval returns only samples within interval",
-			queryMinT:   minutes(20),
-			queryMaxT:   minutes(180),
-			inOrderMinT: minutes(100),
-			inOrderMaxT: minutes(200),
-			oooMinT:     minutes(0),
-			oooMaxT:     minutes(99),
+			name:      "partial query interval returns only samples within interval",
+			oooCap:    30,
+			queryMinT: minutes(20),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(180),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: defaultFilterFunc,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(0),
+					maxT:   minutes(99),
+					filter: defaultFilterFunc,
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "query overlapping inorder and ooo samples returns all ingested samples at the end of the interval",
+			oooCap:    30,
+			queryMinT: minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(200),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 0 },
+					isOOO:  false,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(170),
+					maxT:   minutes(180),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "query overlapping inorder and ooo in-memory samples returns all ingested samples at the beginning of the interval",
+			oooCap:    30,
+			queryMinT: minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(200),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 0 },
+					isOOO:  false,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(110),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "query inorder contain ooo mmaped samples returns all ingested samples at the beginning of the interval",
+			oooCap:    5,
+			queryMinT: minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(200),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 0 },
+					isOOO:  false,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(101),
+					maxT:   minutes(101 + (5-1)*2), // Append samples to fit in a single mmmaped OOO chunk and fit inside the first in-order mmaped chunk.
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(191),
+					maxT:   minutes(193), // Append some more OOO samples to trigger mapping the OOO chunk, but use time 151 to not overlap with in-order head chunk.
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "query overlapping inorder and ooo mmaped samples returns all ingested samples at the beginning of the interval",
+			oooCap:    30,
+			queryMinT: minutes(0),
+			queryMaxT: minutes(200),
+			batches: []sampleBatch{
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(100),
+					maxT:   minutes(200),
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 0 },
+					isOOO:  false,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(101),
+					maxT:   minutes(101 + (30-1)*2), // Append samples to fit in a single mmmaped OOO chunk and overlap the first in-order mmaped chunk.
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+				{
+					minT:   minutes(191),
+					maxT:   minutes(193), // Append some more OOO samples to trigger mapping the OOO chunk, but use time 151 to not overlap with in-order head chunk.
+					filter: func(t int64) bool { return t%2 == 1 },
+					isOOO:  true,
+				},
+			},
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("name=%s", tc.name), func(t *testing.T) {
+			opts.OutOfOrderCapMax = tc.oooCap
 			db := openTestDB(t, opts, nil)
 			db.DisableCompactions()
 			defer func() {
@@ -5200,12 +5429,14 @@ func Test_ChunkQuerier_OOOQuery(t *testing.T) {
 			}()
 
 			var expSamples []chunks.Sample
+			var oooSamples, appendedCount int
 
-			// Add in-order samples.
-			expSamples, _ = addSample(db, tc.inOrderMinT, tc.inOrderMaxT, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, expSamples)
-
-			// Add out-of-order samples.
-			expSamples, oooSamples := addSample(db, tc.oooMinT, tc.oooMaxT, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, expSamples)
+			for _, batch := range tc.batches {
+				expSamples, appendedCount = addSample(db, batch.minT, batch.maxT, tc.queryMinT, tc.queryMaxT, expSamples, batch.filter)
+				if batch.isOOO {
+					oooSamples += appendedCount
+				}
+			}
 
 			sort.Slice(expSamples, func(i, j int) bool {
 				return expSamples[i].T() < expSamples[j].T()

From 183bbc39a23123789baf77eb9f915103bb83fc83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2024 11:59:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 136/180] Make requesting merge with OOO head explicit in
 chunk.Meta
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 tsdb/chunks/chunks.go      |  3 +++
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go      | 17 +++++++++--------
 tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go |  9 +++++----
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/chunks/chunks.go b/tsdb/chunks/chunks.go
index ec0f6d403..69201c6db 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunks/chunks.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunks/chunks.go
@@ -133,6 +133,9 @@ type Meta struct {
 	// Time range the data covers.
 	// When MaxTime == math.MaxInt64 the chunk is still open and being appended to.
 	MinTime, MaxTime int64
+
+	// Flag to indicate that this meta needs merge with OOO data.
+	MergeOOO bool
 }
 
 // ChunkFromSamples requires all samples to have the same type.
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index f1d06a421..a50decd62 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -91,10 +91,11 @@ func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmap
 
 	addChunk := func(minT, maxT int64, ref chunks.ChunkRef, chunk chunkenc.Chunk) {
 		tmpChks = append(tmpChks, chunks.Meta{
-			MinTime: minT,
-			MaxTime: maxT,
-			Ref:     ref,
-			Chunk:   chunk,
+			MinTime:  minT,
+			MaxTime:  maxT,
+			Ref:      ref,
+			Chunk:    chunk,
+			MergeOOO: true,
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -160,6 +161,7 @@ func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmap
 			if c.Chunk != nil {
 				(*chks)[len(*chks)-1].Chunk = c.Chunk
 			}
+			(*chks)[len(*chks)-1].MergeOOO = (*chks)[len(*chks)-1].MergeOOO || c.MergeOOO
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -241,8 +243,8 @@ func NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, cr *headChunkReader,
 }
 
 func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, error) {
-	sid, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
-	if !isOOO && meta.Chunk == nil { // meta.Chunk can have a copy of OOO head samples, even on non-OOO chunk ID.
+	sid, _, _ := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
+	if !meta.MergeOOO {
 		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
 	}
 
@@ -266,8 +268,7 @@ func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chu
 // ChunkOrIterableWithCopy implements ChunkReaderWithCopy. The special Copy
 // behaviour is only implemented for the in-order head chunk.
 func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, int64, error) {
-	_, _, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
-	if !isOOO {
+	if !meta.MergeOOO {
 		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta)
 	}
 	chk, iter, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
index f71d49732..e565933f8 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
@@ -308,9 +308,10 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 					var expChunks []chunks.Meta
 					for _, e := range tc.expChunks {
 						meta := chunks.Meta{
-							Chunk:   chunkenc.Chunk(nil),
-							MinTime: e.mint,
-							MaxTime: e.maxt,
+							Chunk:    chunkenc.Chunk(nil),
+							MinTime:  e.mint,
+							MaxTime:  e.maxt,
+							MergeOOO: true, // Only OOO chunks are tested here, so we always request merge from OOO head.
 						}
 
 						// Ref to whatever Ref the chunk has, that we refer to by ID
@@ -484,7 +485,7 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 		cr := NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(db.head, 0, 1000, nil, nil, 0)
 		defer cr.Close()
 		c, iterable, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(chunks.Meta{
-			Ref: 0x1800000, Chunk: chunkenc.Chunk(nil), MinTime: 100, MaxTime: 300,
+			Ref: 0x1800000, Chunk: chunkenc.Chunk(nil), MinTime: 100, MaxTime: 300, MergeOOO: true,
 		})
 		require.Nil(t, iterable)
 		require.Equal(t, err, fmt.Errorf("not found"))

From 436a439ed2aa8a1dfd36555b4cbaf22019619314 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Owen Williams <owen.williams@grafana.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2024 14:13:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 137/180] fix(utf8): fix config logic for name validation

We should only overwrite the ScrapeConfig if it is empty.

Added tests

part of https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/13095

Signed-off-by: Owen Williams <owen.williams@grafana.com>
---
 config/config.go                              |  4 +-
 config/config_test.go                         | 50 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../scrape_config_default_validation_mode.yml |  2 +
 .../scrape_config_global_validation_mode.yml  |  4 ++
 ...pe_config_local_global_validation_mode.yml |  5 ++
 .../scrape_config_local_validation_mode.yml   |  3 ++
 6 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 config/testdata/scrape_config_default_validation_mode.yml
 create mode 100644 config/testdata/scrape_config_global_validation_mode.yml
 create mode 100644 config/testdata/scrape_config_local_global_validation_mode.yml
 create mode 100644 config/testdata/scrape_config_local_validation_mode.yml

diff --git a/config/config.go b/config/config.go
index 4326b0a99..d1e463d86 100644
--- a/config/config.go
+++ b/config/config.go
@@ -781,7 +781,9 @@ func (c *ScrapeConfig) Validate(globalConfig GlobalConfig) error {
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("unknown name validation method specified, must be either 'legacy' or 'utf8', got %s", globalConfig.MetricNameValidationScheme)
 	}
-	c.MetricNameValidationScheme = globalConfig.MetricNameValidationScheme
+	if c.MetricNameValidationScheme == "" {
+		c.MetricNameValidationScheme = globalConfig.MetricNameValidationScheme
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/config/config_test.go b/config/config_test.go
index 9b074bef1..774aba1e2 100644
--- a/config/config_test.go
+++ b/config/config_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package config
 import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -2300,3 +2301,52 @@ func TestScrapeConfigDisableCompression(t *testing.T) {
 
 	require.False(t, got.ScrapeConfigs[0].EnableCompression)
 }
+
+func TestScrapeConfigNameValidationSettings(t *testing.T) {
+	model.NameValidationScheme = model.UTF8Validation
+	defer func() {
+		model.NameValidationScheme = model.LegacyValidation
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		inputFile    string
+		expectScheme string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "blank config implies default",
+			inputFile:    "scrape_config_default_validation_mode",
+			expectScheme: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "global setting implies local settings",
+			inputFile:    "scrape_config_global_validation_mode",
+			expectScheme: "utf8",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "local setting",
+			inputFile:    "scrape_config_local_validation_mode",
+			expectScheme: "utf8",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "local setting overrides global setting",
+			inputFile:    "scrape_config_local_global_validation_mode",
+			expectScheme: "legacy",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			want, err := LoadFile(fmt.Sprintf("testdata/%s.yml", tc.inputFile), false, false, log.NewNopLogger())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			out, err := yaml.Marshal(want)
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			got := &Config{}
+			require.NoError(t, yaml.UnmarshalStrict(out, got))
+
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expectScheme, got.ScrapeConfigs[0].MetricNameValidationScheme)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/config/testdata/scrape_config_default_validation_mode.yml b/config/testdata/scrape_config_default_validation_mode.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96680d643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/testdata/scrape_config_default_validation_mode.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+scrape_configs:
+  - job_name: prometheus
diff --git a/config/testdata/scrape_config_global_validation_mode.yml b/config/testdata/scrape_config_global_validation_mode.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..154855439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/testdata/scrape_config_global_validation_mode.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+global:
+  metric_name_validation_scheme: utf8
+scrape_configs:
+  - job_name: prometheus
diff --git a/config/testdata/scrape_config_local_global_validation_mode.yml b/config/testdata/scrape_config_local_global_validation_mode.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d13605e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/testdata/scrape_config_local_global_validation_mode.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+global:
+  metric_name_validation_scheme: utf8
+scrape_configs:
+  - job_name: prometheus
+    metric_name_validation_scheme: legacy
diff --git a/config/testdata/scrape_config_local_validation_mode.yml b/config/testdata/scrape_config_local_validation_mode.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fad423580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/testdata/scrape_config_local_validation_mode.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+scrape_configs:
+  - job_name: prometheus
+    metric_name_validation_scheme: utf8

From d4994e5bc44490441a6a6ac05331cc6fbabae0f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Devin Trejo <dtrejod@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2024 18:15:27 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 138/180] fix: Remote-write-reciever returns 4xx when request
 contains a time series with duplicate labels. (#14716)

Signed-off-by: Devin Trejo <dtrejo@palantir.com>
---
 storage/remote/write_handler.go      | 13 +++++++++++--
 storage/remote/write_handler_test.go | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/storage/remote/write_handler.go b/storage/remote/write_handler.go
index 8ac759046..9ea3f2bf9 100644
--- a/storage/remote/write_handler.go
+++ b/storage/remote/write_handler.go
@@ -236,11 +236,16 @@ func (h *writeHandler) write(ctx context.Context, req *prompb.WriteRequest) (err
 	b := labels.NewScratchBuilder(0)
 	for _, ts := range req.Timeseries {
 		ls := ts.ToLabels(&b, nil)
+
+		// TODO(bwplotka): Even as per 1.0 spec, this should be a 400 error, while other samples are
+		// potentially written. Perhaps unify with fixed writeV2 implementation a bit.
 		if !ls.Has(labels.MetricName) || !ls.IsValid() {
 			level.Warn(h.logger).Log("msg", "Invalid metric names or labels", "got", ls.String())
 			samplesWithInvalidLabels++
-			// TODO(bwplotka): Even as per 1.0 spec, this should be a 400 error, while other samples are
-			// potentially written. Perhaps unify with fixed writeV2 implementation a bit.
+			continue
+		} else if duplicateLabel, hasDuplicate := ls.HasDuplicateLabelNames(); hasDuplicate {
+			level.Warn(h.logger).Log("msg", "Invalid labels for series.", "labels", ls.String(), "duplicated_label", duplicateLabel)
+			samplesWithInvalidLabels++
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -379,6 +384,10 @@ func (h *writeHandler) appendV2(app storage.Appender, req *writev2.Request, rs *
 			badRequestErrs = append(badRequestErrs, fmt.Errorf("invalid metric name or labels, got %v", ls.String()))
 			samplesWithInvalidLabels += len(ts.Samples) + len(ts.Histograms)
 			continue
+		} else if duplicateLabel, hasDuplicate := ls.HasDuplicateLabelNames(); hasDuplicate {
+			badRequestErrs = append(badRequestErrs, fmt.Errorf("invalid labels for series, labels %v, duplicated label %s", ls.String(), duplicateLabel))
+			samplesWithInvalidLabels += len(ts.Samples) + len(ts.Histograms)
+			continue
 		}
 
 		allSamplesSoFar := rs.AllSamples()
diff --git a/storage/remote/write_handler_test.go b/storage/remote/write_handler_test.go
index 6e1336a7a..5c89a1ab9 100644
--- a/storage/remote/write_handler_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/write_handler_test.go
@@ -338,6 +338,15 @@ func TestRemoteWriteHandler_V2Message(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedCode:     http.StatusBadRequest,
 			expectedRespBody: "invalid metric name or labels, got {__name__=\"\"}\n",
 		},
+		{
+			desc: "Partial write; first series with duplicate labels",
+			input: append(
+				// Series with __name__="test_metric1",test_metric1="test_metric1",test_metric1="test_metric1" labels.
+				[]writev2.TimeSeries{{LabelsRefs: []uint32{1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2}, Samples: []writev2.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: 1}}}},
+				writeV2RequestFixture.Timeseries...),
+			expectedCode:     http.StatusBadRequest,
+			expectedRespBody: "invalid labels for series, labels {__name__=\"test_metric1\", test_metric1=\"test_metric1\", test_metric1=\"test_metric1\"}, duplicated label test_metric1\n",
+		},
 		{
 			desc: "Partial write; first series with one OOO sample",
 			input: func() []writev2.TimeSeries {
@@ -836,6 +845,13 @@ func (m *mockAppendable) Append(_ storage.SeriesRef, l labels.Labels, t int64, v
 		return 0, storage.ErrDuplicateSampleForTimestamp
 	}
 
+	if l.IsEmpty() {
+		return 0, tsdb.ErrInvalidSample
+	}
+	if _, hasDuplicates := l.HasDuplicateLabelNames(); hasDuplicates {
+		return 0, tsdb.ErrInvalidSample
+	}
+
 	m.latestSample[l.Hash()] = t
 	m.samples = append(m.samples, mockSample{l, t, v})
 	return 0, nil
@@ -887,6 +903,13 @@ func (m *mockAppendable) AppendHistogram(_ storage.SeriesRef, l labels.Labels, t
 		return 0, storage.ErrDuplicateSampleForTimestamp
 	}
 
+	if l.IsEmpty() {
+		return 0, tsdb.ErrInvalidSample
+	}
+	if _, hasDuplicates := l.HasDuplicateLabelNames(); hasDuplicates {
+		return 0, tsdb.ErrInvalidSample
+	}
+
 	m.latestHistogram[l.Hash()] = t
 	m.histograms = append(m.histograms, mockHistogram{l, t, h, fh})
 	return 0, nil

From ef649d59688f71fbd624e849c8e20c6f4b8c98c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marco Pracucci <marco@pracucci.com>
Date: Mon, 26 Aug 2024 08:48:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 139/180] Revert " Store `mmMaxTime` in same field as
 `seriesShard`"

Signed-off-by: Marco Pracucci <marco@pracucci.com>
---
 tsdb/head.go      | 46 +++++++++++-----------------------------------
 tsdb/head_read.go |  2 +-
 tsdb/head_test.go | 38 --------------------------------------
 tsdb/head_wal.go  | 13 +++++--------
 4 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/head.go b/tsdb/head.go
index 9d81b24ae..b7bfaa0fd 100644
--- a/tsdb/head.go
+++ b/tsdb/head.go
@@ -178,7 +178,6 @@ type HeadOptions struct {
 	WALReplayConcurrency int
 
 	// EnableSharding enables ShardedPostings() support in the Head.
-	// EnableSharding is temporarily disabled during Init().
 	EnableSharding bool
 }
 
@@ -610,7 +609,7 @@ const cardinalityCacheExpirationTime = time.Duration(30) * time.Second
 // Init loads data from the write ahead log and prepares the head for writes.
 // It should be called before using an appender so that it
 // limits the ingested samples to the head min valid time.
-func (h *Head) Init(minValidTime int64) (err error) {
+func (h *Head) Init(minValidTime int64) error {
 	h.minValidTime.Store(minValidTime)
 	defer func() {
 		h.postings.EnsureOrder(h.opts.WALReplayConcurrency)
@@ -624,24 +623,6 @@ func (h *Head) Init(minValidTime int64) (err error) {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	// If sharding is enabled, disable it while initializing, and calculate the shards later.
-	// We're going to use that field for other purposes during WAL replay,
-	// so we don't want to waste time on calculating the shard that we're going to lose anyway.
-	if h.opts.EnableSharding {
-		h.opts.EnableSharding = false
-		defer func() {
-			h.opts.EnableSharding = true
-			if err == nil {
-				// No locking is needed here as nobody should be writing while we're in Init.
-				for _, stripe := range h.series.series {
-					for _, s := range stripe {
-						s.shardHashOrMemoryMappedMaxTime = labels.StableHash(s.lset)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
 	level.Info(h.logger).Log("msg", "Replaying on-disk memory mappable chunks if any")
 	start := time.Now()
 
@@ -702,6 +683,7 @@ func (h *Head) Init(minValidTime int64) (err error) {
 		mmappedChunks    map[chunks.HeadSeriesRef][]*mmappedChunk
 		oooMmappedChunks map[chunks.HeadSeriesRef][]*mmappedChunk
 		lastMmapRef      chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
+		err              error
 
 		mmapChunkReplayDuration time.Duration
 	)
@@ -2086,11 +2068,9 @@ type memSeries struct {
 	ref  chunks.HeadSeriesRef
 	meta *metadata.Metadata
 
-	// Series labels hash to use for sharding purposes.
-	// The value is always 0 when sharding has not been explicitly enabled in TSDB.
-	// While the WAL replay the value stored here is the max time of any mmapped chunk,
-	// and the shard hash is re-calculated after WAL replay is complete.
-	shardHashOrMemoryMappedMaxTime uint64
+	// Series labels hash to use for sharding purposes. The value is always 0 when sharding has not
+	// been explicitly enabled in TSDB.
+	shardHash uint64
 
 	// Everything after here should only be accessed with the lock held.
 	sync.Mutex
@@ -2115,6 +2095,8 @@ type memSeries struct {
 
 	ooo *memSeriesOOOFields
 
+	mmMaxTime int64 // Max time of any mmapped chunk, only used during WAL replay.
+
 	nextAt                           int64 // Timestamp at which to cut the next chunk.
 	histogramChunkHasComputedEndTime bool  // True if nextAt has been predicted for the current histograms chunk; false otherwise.
 	pendingCommit                    bool  // Whether there are samples waiting to be committed to this series.
@@ -2145,10 +2127,10 @@ type memSeriesOOOFields struct {
 
 func newMemSeries(lset labels.Labels, id chunks.HeadSeriesRef, shardHash uint64, isolationDisabled bool) *memSeries {
 	s := &memSeries{
-		lset:                           lset,
-		ref:                            id,
-		nextAt:                         math.MinInt64,
-		shardHashOrMemoryMappedMaxTime: shardHash,
+		lset:      lset,
+		ref:       id,
+		nextAt:    math.MinInt64,
+		shardHash: shardHash,
 	}
 	if !isolationDisabled {
 		s.txs = newTxRing(0)
@@ -2236,12 +2218,6 @@ func (s *memSeries) truncateChunksBefore(mint int64, minOOOMmapRef chunks.ChunkD
 	return removedInOrder + removedOOO
 }
 
-// shardHash returns the shard hash of the series, only available after WAL replay.
-func (s *memSeries) shardHash() uint64 { return s.shardHashOrMemoryMappedMaxTime }
-
-// mmMaxTime returns the max time of any mmapped chunk in the series, only available during WAL replay.
-func (s *memSeries) mmMaxTime() int64 { return int64(s.shardHashOrMemoryMappedMaxTime) }
-
 // cleanupAppendIDsBelow cleans up older appendIDs. Has to be called after
 // acquiring lock.
 func (s *memSeries) cleanupAppendIDsBelow(bound uint64) {
diff --git a/tsdb/head_read.go b/tsdb/head_read.go
index 5e3a76273..26cda3089 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_read.go
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ func (h *headIndexReader) ShardedPostings(p index.Postings, shardIndex, shardCou
 		}
 
 		// Check if the series belong to the shard.
-		if s.shardHash()%shardCount != shardIndex {
+		if s.shardHash%shardCount != shardIndex {
 			continue
 		}
 
diff --git a/tsdb/head_test.go b/tsdb/head_test.go
index 0ce60b849..a7a8847e8 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
-	"runtime/pprof"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -90,43 +89,6 @@ func newTestHeadWithOptions(t testing.TB, compressWAL wlog.CompressionType, opts
 	return h, wal
 }
 
-// BenchmarkLoadRealWLs will be skipped unless the BENCHMARK_LOAD_REAL_WLS_DIR environment variable is set.
-// BENCHMARK_LOAD_REAL_WLS_DIR should be the folder where `wal` and `chunks_head` are located.
-// Optionally, BENCHMARK_LOAD_REAL_WLS_PROFILE can be set to a file path to write a CPU profile.
-func BenchmarkLoadRealWLs(b *testing.B) {
-	dir := os.Getenv("BENCHMARK_LOAD_REAL_WLS_DIR")
-	if dir == "" {
-		b.Skipped()
-	}
-
-	profileFile := os.Getenv("BENCHMARK_LOAD_REAL_WLS_PROFILE")
-	if profileFile != "" {
-		b.Logf("Will profile in %s", profileFile)
-		f, err := os.Create(profileFile)
-		require.NoError(b, err)
-		b.Cleanup(func() { f.Close() })
-		require.NoError(b, pprof.StartCPUProfile(f))
-		b.Cleanup(pprof.StopCPUProfile)
-	}
-
-	wal, err := wlog.New(nil, nil, filepath.Join(dir, "wal"), wlog.CompressionNone)
-	require.NoError(b, err)
-	b.Cleanup(func() { wal.Close() })
-
-	wbl, err := wlog.New(nil, nil, filepath.Join(dir, "wbl"), wlog.CompressionNone)
-	require.NoError(b, err)
-	b.Cleanup(func() { wbl.Close() })
-
-	// Load the WAL.
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		opts := DefaultHeadOptions()
-		opts.ChunkDirRoot = dir
-		h, err := NewHead(nil, nil, wal, wbl, opts, nil)
-		require.NoError(b, err)
-		h.Init(0)
-	}
-}
-
 func BenchmarkCreateSeries(b *testing.B) {
 	series := genSeries(b.N, 10, 0, 0)
 	h, _ := newTestHead(b, 10000, wlog.CompressionNone, false)
diff --git a/tsdb/head_wal.go b/tsdb/head_wal.go
index 7397bbf41..ef96b5330 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_wal.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_wal.go
@@ -435,8 +435,6 @@ Outer:
 	return nil
 }
 
-func minInt64() int64 { return math.MinInt64 }
-
 // resetSeriesWithMMappedChunks is only used during the WAL replay.
 func (h *Head) resetSeriesWithMMappedChunks(mSeries *memSeries, mmc, oooMmc []*mmappedChunk, walSeriesRef chunks.HeadSeriesRef) (overlapped bool) {
 	if mSeries.ref != walSeriesRef {
@@ -483,11 +481,10 @@ func (h *Head) resetSeriesWithMMappedChunks(mSeries *memSeries, mmc, oooMmc []*m
 	}
 	// Cache the last mmapped chunk time, so we can skip calling append() for samples it will reject.
 	if len(mmc) == 0 {
-		mSeries.shardHashOrMemoryMappedMaxTime = uint64(minInt64())
+		mSeries.mmMaxTime = math.MinInt64
 	} else {
-		mmMaxTime := mmc[len(mmc)-1].maxTime
-		mSeries.shardHashOrMemoryMappedMaxTime = uint64(mmMaxTime)
-		h.updateMinMaxTime(mmc[0].minTime, mmMaxTime)
+		mSeries.mmMaxTime = mmc[len(mmc)-1].maxTime
+		h.updateMinMaxTime(mmc[0].minTime, mSeries.mmMaxTime)
 	}
 	if len(oooMmc) != 0 {
 		// Mint and maxt can be in any chunk, they are not sorted.
@@ -588,7 +585,7 @@ func (wp *walSubsetProcessor) processWALSamples(h *Head, mmappedChunks, oooMmapp
 				unknownRefs++
 				continue
 			}
-			if s.T <= ms.mmMaxTime() {
+			if s.T <= ms.mmMaxTime {
 				continue
 			}
 			if _, chunkCreated := ms.append(s.T, s.V, 0, appendChunkOpts); chunkCreated {
@@ -617,7 +614,7 @@ func (wp *walSubsetProcessor) processWALSamples(h *Head, mmappedChunks, oooMmapp
 				unknownHistogramRefs++
 				continue
 			}
-			if s.t <= ms.mmMaxTime() {
+			if s.t <= ms.mmMaxTime {
 				continue
 			}
 			var chunkCreated bool

From da28f88910660f852aa37017dcc240afc83359c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2024 10:14:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 140/180] Cut release 2.54.1

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 CHANGELOG.md                                 |  8 ++++++++
 VERSION                                      |  2 +-
 web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json |  4 ++--
 web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json      |  2 +-
 web/ui/package-lock.json                     | 14 +++++++-------
 web/ui/package.json                          |  2 +-
 web/ui/react-app/package.json                |  4 ++--
 7 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 885749504..c07e5b578 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 2.54.1 / 2024-08-27
+
+* [BUGFIX] Scraping: allow multiple samples on same series, with explicit timestamps. #14685
+* [BUGFIX] Docker SD: fix crash in `match_first_network` mode when container is reconnected to a new network. #14654
+* [BUGFIX] PromQL: fix experimental native histograms getting corrupted due to vector selector bug in range queries. #14538
+* [BUGFIX] PromQL: fix experimental native histogram counter reset detection on stale samples. #14514
+* [BUGFIX] PromQL: fix native histograms getting corrupted due to vector selector bug in range queries. #14605
+
 ## 2.54.0 / 2024-08-09
 
 Release 2.54 brings a release candidate of a major new version of [Remote Write: 2.0](https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/remote_write_spec_2_0/).
diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION
index 99aed793a..3a40665f5 100644
--- a/VERSION
+++ b/VERSION
@@ -1 +1 @@
-2.54.0
+2.54.1
diff --git a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
index 6307f12f3..1c459b090 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql",
-  "version": "0.54.0",
+  "version": "0.54.1",
   "description": "a CodeMirror mode for the PromQL language",
   "types": "dist/esm/index.d.ts",
   "module": "dist/esm/index.js",
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   },
   "homepage": "https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/web/ui/module/codemirror-promql/README.md",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0",
+    "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.1",
     "lru-cache": "^7.18.3"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json b/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
index 14d263241..8f9c0b1c8 100644
--- a/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/module/lezer-promql/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql",
-  "version": "0.54.0",
+  "version": "0.54.1",
   "description": "lezer-based PromQL grammar",
   "main": "dist/index.cjs",
   "type": "module",
diff --git a/web/ui/package-lock.json b/web/ui/package-lock.json
index 0f5db9f6d..e305ee964 100644
--- a/web/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "prometheus-io",
-  "version": "0.54.0",
+  "version": "0.54.1",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "prometheus-io",
-      "version": "0.54.0",
+      "version": "0.54.1",
       "workspaces": [
         "react-app",
         "module/*"
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
     },
     "module/codemirror-promql": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql",
-      "version": "0.54.0",
+      "version": "0.54.1",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.0",
+        "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql": "0.54.1",
         "lru-cache": "^7.18.3"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
     },
     "module/lezer-promql": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/lezer-promql",
-      "version": "0.54.0",
+      "version": "0.54.1",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "devDependencies": {
         "@lezer/generator": "^1.7.0",
@@ -19332,7 +19332,7 @@
     },
     "react-app": {
       "name": "@prometheus-io/app",
-      "version": "0.54.0",
+      "version": "0.54.1",
       "dependencies": {
         "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.17.0",
         "@codemirror/commands": "^6.6.0",
@@ -19350,7 +19350,7 @@
         "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
         "@nexucis/fuzzy": "^0.4.1",
         "@nexucis/kvsearch": "^0.8.1",
-        "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0",
+        "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.1",
         "bootstrap": "^4.6.2",
         "css.escape": "^1.5.1",
         "downshift": "^9.0.6",
diff --git a/web/ui/package.json b/web/ui/package.json
index 01dd71f34..f97d7098b 100644
--- a/web/ui/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/package.json
@@ -28,5 +28,5 @@
     "ts-jest": "^29.2.2",
     "typescript": "^4.9.5"
   },
-  "version": "0.54.0"
+  "version": "0.54.1"
 }
diff --git a/web/ui/react-app/package.json b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
index 01620531a..ace3ef264 100644
--- a/web/ui/react-app/package.json
+++ b/web/ui/react-app/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@prometheus-io/app",
-  "version": "0.54.0",
+  "version": "0.54.1",
   "private": true,
   "dependencies": {
     "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.17.0",
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     "@lezer/lr": "^1.4.1",
     "@nexucis/fuzzy": "^0.4.1",
     "@nexucis/kvsearch": "^0.8.1",
-    "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.0",
+    "@prometheus-io/codemirror-promql": "0.54.1",
     "bootstrap": "^4.6.2",
     "css.escape": "^1.5.1",
     "downshift": "^9.0.6",

From 7757794bb3f5c1335b7634f0e82bb588149486b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Suraj Patil <31805557+patilsuraj767@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2024 07:42:24 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 141/180] [ENHANCEMENT] Promtool: Adding labels to time series
 while creating tsdb blocks (#14403)

* feat: #14402 - Adding labels to time series while creating tsdb blocks

Signed-off-by: Suraj Patil <patilsuraj767@gmail.com>
---
 cmd/promtool/backfill.go      | 16 +++++++++---
 cmd/promtool/backfill_test.go | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 cmd/promtool/main.go          |  3 ++-
 cmd/promtool/tsdb.go          |  4 +--
 cmd/promtool/tsdb_test.go     |  2 +-
 docs/command-line/promtool.md |  9 +++++++
 6 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/promtool/backfill.go b/cmd/promtool/backfill.go
index 400cae421..16491f041 100644
--- a/cmd/promtool/backfill.go
+++ b/cmd/promtool/backfill.go
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func getCompatibleBlockDuration(maxBlockDuration int64) int64 {
 	return blockDuration
 }
 
-func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesInAppender int, outputDir string, humanReadable, quiet bool) (returnErr error) {
+func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesInAppender int, outputDir string, humanReadable, quiet bool, customLabels map[string]string) (returnErr error) {
 	blockDuration := getCompatibleBlockDuration(maxBlockDuration)
 	mint = blockDuration * (mint / blockDuration)
 
@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesIn
 		nextSampleTs int64 = math.MaxInt64
 	)
 
+	lb := labels.NewBuilder(labels.EmptyLabels())
+
 	for t := mint; t <= maxt; t += blockDuration {
 		tsUpper := t + blockDuration
 		if nextSampleTs != math.MaxInt64 && nextSampleTs >= tsUpper {
@@ -162,7 +164,13 @@ func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesIn
 				l := labels.Labels{}
 				p.Metric(&l)
 
-				if _, err := app.Append(0, l, *ts, v); err != nil {
+				lb.Reset(l)
+				for name, value := range customLabels {
+					lb.Set(name, value)
+				}
+				lbls := lb.Labels()
+
+				if _, err := app.Append(0, lbls, *ts, v); err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("add sample: %w", err)
 				}
 
@@ -221,13 +229,13 @@ func createBlocks(input []byte, mint, maxt, maxBlockDuration int64, maxSamplesIn
 	return nil
 }
 
-func backfill(maxSamplesInAppender int, input []byte, outputDir string, humanReadable, quiet bool, maxBlockDuration time.Duration) (err error) {
+func backfill(maxSamplesInAppender int, input []byte, outputDir string, humanReadable, quiet bool, maxBlockDuration time.Duration, customLabels map[string]string) (err error) {
 	p := textparse.NewOpenMetricsParser(input, nil) // Don't need a SymbolTable to get max and min timestamps.
 	maxt, mint, err := getMinAndMaxTimestamps(p)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("getting min and max timestamp: %w", err)
 	}
-	if err = createBlocks(input, mint, maxt, int64(maxBlockDuration/time.Millisecond), maxSamplesInAppender, outputDir, humanReadable, quiet); err != nil {
+	if err = createBlocks(input, mint, maxt, int64(maxBlockDuration/time.Millisecond), maxSamplesInAppender, outputDir, humanReadable, quiet, customLabels); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("block creation: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
diff --git a/cmd/promtool/backfill_test.go b/cmd/promtool/backfill_test.go
index 32abfa46a..b818194e8 100644
--- a/cmd/promtool/backfill_test.go
+++ b/cmd/promtool/backfill_test.go
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ func TestBackfill(t *testing.T) {
 		Description          string
 		MaxSamplesInAppender int
 		MaxBlockDuration     time.Duration
+		Labels               map[string]string
 		Expected             struct {
 			MinTime       int64
 			MaxTime       int64
@@ -636,6 +637,49 @@ http_requests_total{code="400"} 1024 7199
 				},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			ToParse: `# HELP http_requests_total The total number of HTTP requests.
+# TYPE http_requests_total counter
+http_requests_total{code="200"} 1 1624463088.000
+http_requests_total{code="200"} 2 1629503088.000
+http_requests_total{code="200"} 3 1629863088.000
+# EOF
+`,
+			IsOk:                 true,
+			Description:          "Sample with external labels.",
+			MaxSamplesInAppender: 5000,
+			MaxBlockDuration:     2048 * time.Hour,
+			Labels:               map[string]string{"cluster_id": "123", "org_id": "999"},
+			Expected: struct {
+				MinTime       int64
+				MaxTime       int64
+				NumBlocks     int
+				BlockDuration int64
+				Samples       []backfillSample
+			}{
+				MinTime:       1624463088000,
+				MaxTime:       1629863088000,
+				NumBlocks:     2,
+				BlockDuration: int64(1458 * time.Hour / time.Millisecond),
+				Samples: []backfillSample{
+					{
+						Timestamp: 1624463088000,
+						Value:     1,
+						Labels:    labels.FromStrings("__name__", "http_requests_total", "code", "200", "cluster_id", "123", "org_id", "999"),
+					},
+					{
+						Timestamp: 1629503088000,
+						Value:     2,
+						Labels:    labels.FromStrings("__name__", "http_requests_total", "code", "200", "cluster_id", "123", "org_id", "999"),
+					},
+					{
+						Timestamp: 1629863088000,
+						Value:     3,
+						Labels:    labels.FromStrings("__name__", "http_requests_total", "code", "200", "cluster_id", "123", "org_id", "999"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
 		{
 			ToParse: `# HELP rpc_duration_seconds A summary of the RPC duration in seconds.
 # TYPE rpc_duration_seconds summary
@@ -689,7 +733,7 @@ after_eof 1 2
 
 			outputDir := t.TempDir()
 
-			err := backfill(test.MaxSamplesInAppender, []byte(test.ToParse), outputDir, false, false, test.MaxBlockDuration)
+			err := backfill(test.MaxSamplesInAppender, []byte(test.ToParse), outputDir, false, false, test.MaxBlockDuration, test.Labels)
 
 			if !test.IsOk {
 				require.Error(t, err, test.Description)
diff --git a/cmd/promtool/main.go b/cmd/promtool/main.go
index 4d033c3c0..e713a177f 100644
--- a/cmd/promtool/main.go
+++ b/cmd/promtool/main.go
@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ func main() {
 	importQuiet := importCmd.Flag("quiet", "Do not print created blocks.").Short('q').Bool()
 	maxBlockDuration := importCmd.Flag("max-block-duration", "Maximum duration created blocks may span. Anything less than 2h is ignored.").Hidden().PlaceHolder("<duration>").Duration()
 	openMetricsImportCmd := importCmd.Command("openmetrics", "Import samples from OpenMetrics input and produce TSDB blocks. Please refer to the storage docs for more details.")
+	openMetricsLabels := openMetricsImportCmd.Flag("label", "Label to attach to metrics. Can be specified multiple times. Example --label=label_name=label_value").StringMap()
 	importFilePath := openMetricsImportCmd.Arg("input file", "OpenMetrics file to read samples from.").Required().String()
 	importDBPath := openMetricsImportCmd.Arg("output directory", "Output directory for generated blocks.").Default(defaultDBPath).String()
 	importRulesCmd := importCmd.Command("rules", "Create blocks of data for new recording rules.")
@@ -408,7 +409,7 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(checkErr(dumpSamples(ctx, *dumpOpenMetricsPath, *dumpOpenMetricsSandboxDirRoot, *dumpOpenMetricsMinTime, *dumpOpenMetricsMaxTime, *dumpOpenMetricsMatch, formatSeriesSetOpenMetrics)))
 	// TODO(aSquare14): Work on adding support for custom block size.
 	case openMetricsImportCmd.FullCommand():
-		os.Exit(backfillOpenMetrics(*importFilePath, *importDBPath, *importHumanReadable, *importQuiet, *maxBlockDuration))
+		os.Exit(backfillOpenMetrics(*importFilePath, *importDBPath, *importHumanReadable, *importQuiet, *maxBlockDuration, *openMetricsLabels))
 
 	case importRulesCmd.FullCommand():
 		os.Exit(checkErr(importRules(serverURL, httpRoundTripper, *importRulesStart, *importRulesEnd, *importRulesOutputDir, *importRulesEvalInterval, *maxBlockDuration, *importRulesFiles...)))
diff --git a/cmd/promtool/tsdb.go b/cmd/promtool/tsdb.go
index b85a4fae8..971ea8ab0 100644
--- a/cmd/promtool/tsdb.go
+++ b/cmd/promtool/tsdb.go
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ func checkErr(err error) int {
 	return 0
 }
 
-func backfillOpenMetrics(path, outputDir string, humanReadable, quiet bool, maxBlockDuration time.Duration) int {
+func backfillOpenMetrics(path, outputDir string, humanReadable, quiet bool, maxBlockDuration time.Duration, customLabels map[string]string) int {
 	inputFile, err := fileutil.OpenMmapFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return checkErr(err)
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ func backfillOpenMetrics(path, outputDir string, humanReadable, quiet bool, maxB
 		return checkErr(fmt.Errorf("create output dir: %w", err))
 	}
 
-	return checkErr(backfill(5000, inputFile.Bytes(), outputDir, humanReadable, quiet, maxBlockDuration))
+	return checkErr(backfill(5000, inputFile.Bytes(), outputDir, humanReadable, quiet, maxBlockDuration, customLabels))
 }
 
 func displayHistogram(dataType string, datas []int, total int) {
diff --git a/cmd/promtool/tsdb_test.go b/cmd/promtool/tsdb_test.go
index d7cc56088..ffc5467b4 100644
--- a/cmd/promtool/tsdb_test.go
+++ b/cmd/promtool/tsdb_test.go
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func TestTSDBDumpOpenMetricsRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 
 	dbDir := t.TempDir()
 	// Import samples from OM format
-	err = backfill(5000, initialMetrics, dbDir, false, false, 2*time.Hour)
+	err = backfill(5000, initialMetrics, dbDir, false, false, 2*time.Hour, map[string]string{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	db, err := tsdb.Open(dbDir, nil, nil, tsdb.DefaultOptions(), nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/docs/command-line/promtool.md b/docs/command-line/promtool.md
index 0c397387f..6d74200e6 100644
--- a/docs/command-line/promtool.md
+++ b/docs/command-line/promtool.md
@@ -641,6 +641,15 @@ Import samples from OpenMetrics input and produce TSDB blocks. Please refer to t
 
 
 
+###### Flags
+
+| Flag | Description |
+| --- | --- |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--label</code> | Label to attach to metrics. Can be specified multiple times. Example --label=label_name=label_value |
+
+
+
+
 ###### Arguments
 
 | Argument | Description | Default | Required |

From 406bf775aa1f8e319d557165ddf5ab39de0c8a19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: riskrole <yuhang@before.tech>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2024 11:26:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 142/180] chore: fix some comments

Signed-off-by: riskrole <yuhang@before.tech>
---
 model/textparse/protobufparse.go | 4 ++--
 rules/alerting_test.go           | 2 +-
 tsdb/compact_test.go             | 2 +-
 tsdb/head_read.go                | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/model/textparse/protobufparse.go b/model/textparse/protobufparse.go
index ea3a2e1a3..f56def012 100644
--- a/model/textparse/protobufparse.go
+++ b/model/textparse/protobufparse.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ import (
 // the re-arrangement work is actually causing problems (which has to be seen),
 // that expectation needs to be changed.
 type ProtobufParser struct {
-	in        []byte // The intput to parse.
+	in        []byte // The input to parse.
 	inPos     int    // Position within the input.
 	metricPos int    // Position within Metric slice.
 	// fieldPos is the position within a Summary or (legacy) Histogram. -2
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ type ProtobufParser struct {
 
 	mf *dto.MetricFamily
 
-	// Wether to also parse a classic histogram that is also present as a
+	// Whether to also parse a classic histogram that is also present as a
 	// native histogram.
 	parseClassicHistograms bool
 
diff --git a/rules/alerting_test.go b/rules/alerting_test.go
index 5ebd049f6..406332946 100644
--- a/rules/alerting_test.go
+++ b/rules/alerting_test.go
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ func TestAlertingRuleLimit(t *testing.T) {
 		case err != nil:
 			require.EqualError(t, err, test.err)
 		case test.err != "":
-			t.Errorf("Expected errror %s, got none", test.err)
+			t.Errorf("Expected error %s, got none", test.err)
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/tsdb/compact_test.go b/tsdb/compact_test.go
index 0ea155d10..e7998abf7 100644
--- a/tsdb/compact_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/compact_test.go
@@ -2018,7 +2018,7 @@ func TestDelayedCompaction(t *testing.T) {
 				// This implies that the compaction delay doesn't block or wait on the initial trigger.
 				// 3 is an arbitrary value because it's difficult to determine the precise value.
 				require.GreaterOrEqual(t, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.metrics.compactionsTriggered)-prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.metrics.compactionsSkipped), 3.0)
-				// The delay doesn't change the head blocks alignement.
+				// The delay doesn't change the head blocks alignment.
 				require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
 					return db.head.MinTime() == db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).ranges[0]+1
 				}, 500*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond)
diff --git a/tsdb/head_read.go b/tsdb/head_read.go
index 5e3a76273..24d33ed5c 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_read.go
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ func (s *memSeries) chunk(id chunks.HeadChunkID, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDi
 	// incremented by 1 when new chunk is created, hence (id - firstChunkID) gives the slice index.
 	// The max index for the s.mmappedChunks slice can be len(s.mmappedChunks)-1, hence if the ix
 	// is >= len(s.mmappedChunks), it represents one of the chunks on s.headChunks linked list.
-	// The order of elemens is different for slice and linked list.
+	// The order of elements is different for slice and linked list.
 	// For s.mmappedChunks slice newer chunks are appended to it.
 	// For s.headChunks list newer chunks are prepended to it.
 	//

From 3a82cd5a7ed4c5e9b530fafcb779c2e9c81e2aab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Justin Lei <lei.justin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2024 23:23:54 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 143/180] Add streaming remote read to ReadClient  (#11379)

* Add streaming remote read to ReadClient

Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <justin.lei@grafana.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Bartlomiej Plotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <justin.lei@grafana.com>

* Remote read instrumentation tweaks

Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <lei.justin@gmail.com>

* Minor cleanups

Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <lei.justin@gmail.com>

* In-line handleChunkedResponse

Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <lei.justin@gmail.com>

* Fix lints

Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <lei.justin@gmail.com>

* Explicitly call cancel() when needed

Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <lei.justin@gmail.com>

* Update chunkedSeries, chunkedSeriesIterator for new interfaces

Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <lei.justin@gmail.com>

* Adapt remote.chunkedSeries to use prompb.ChunkedSeries

Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <lei.justin@gmail.com>

* Fix lint

Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <lei.justin@gmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <justin.lei@grafana.com>
Signed-off-by: Justin Lei <lei.justin@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bartlomiej Plotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>
---
 config/config.go                    |  18 +-
 config/config_test.go               |  10 +-
 storage/remote/chunked.go           |   4 -
 storage/remote/client.go            | 110 ++++++++----
 storage/remote/client_test.go       | 229 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 storage/remote/codec.go             | 223 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 storage/remote/codec_test.go        | 269 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 storage/remote/read.go              |   4 +-
 storage/remote/read_handler_test.go |   4 +-
 storage/remote/read_test.go         |   5 +-
 storage/remote/storage.go           |   1 +
 web/api/v1/api_test.go              |   3 +
 12 files changed, 819 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)

diff --git a/config/config.go b/config/config.go
index d1e463d86..c9e8efbf3 100644
--- a/config/config.go
+++ b/config/config.go
@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ var (
 	// DefaultRemoteReadConfig is the default remote read configuration.
 	DefaultRemoteReadConfig = RemoteReadConfig{
 		RemoteTimeout:        model.Duration(1 * time.Minute),
+		ChunkedReadLimit:     DefaultChunkedReadLimit,
 		HTTPClientConfig:     config.DefaultHTTPClientConfig,
 		FilterExternalLabels: true,
 	}
@@ -1279,13 +1280,20 @@ type MetadataConfig struct {
 	MaxSamplesPerSend int `yaml:"max_samples_per_send,omitempty"`
 }
 
+const (
+	// DefaultChunkedReadLimit is the default value for the maximum size of the protobuf frame client allows.
+	// 50MB is the default. This is equivalent to ~100k full XOR chunks and average labelset.
+	DefaultChunkedReadLimit = 5e+7
+)
+
 // RemoteReadConfig is the configuration for reading from remote storage.
 type RemoteReadConfig struct {
-	URL           *config.URL       `yaml:"url"`
-	RemoteTimeout model.Duration    `yaml:"remote_timeout,omitempty"`
-	Headers       map[string]string `yaml:"headers,omitempty"`
-	ReadRecent    bool              `yaml:"read_recent,omitempty"`
-	Name          string            `yaml:"name,omitempty"`
+	URL              *config.URL       `yaml:"url"`
+	RemoteTimeout    model.Duration    `yaml:"remote_timeout,omitempty"`
+	ChunkedReadLimit uint64            `yaml:"chunked_read_limit,omitempty"`
+	Headers          map[string]string `yaml:"headers,omitempty"`
+	ReadRecent       bool              `yaml:"read_recent,omitempty"`
+	Name             string            `yaml:"name,omitempty"`
 
 	// We cannot do proper Go type embedding below as the parser will then parse
 	// values arbitrarily into the overflow maps of further-down types.
diff --git a/config/config_test.go b/config/config_test.go
index 774aba1e2..221906182 100644
--- a/config/config_test.go
+++ b/config/config_test.go
@@ -165,10 +165,11 @@ var expectedConf = &Config{
 
 	RemoteReadConfigs: []*RemoteReadConfig{
 		{
-			URL:           mustParseURL("http://remote1/read"),
-			RemoteTimeout: model.Duration(1 * time.Minute),
-			ReadRecent:    true,
-			Name:          "default",
+			URL:              mustParseURL("http://remote1/read"),
+			RemoteTimeout:    model.Duration(1 * time.Minute),
+			ChunkedReadLimit: DefaultChunkedReadLimit,
+			ReadRecent:       true,
+			Name:             "default",
 			HTTPClientConfig: config.HTTPClientConfig{
 				FollowRedirects: true,
 				EnableHTTP2:     false,
@@ -178,6 +179,7 @@ var expectedConf = &Config{
 		{
 			URL:              mustParseURL("http://remote3/read"),
 			RemoteTimeout:    model.Duration(1 * time.Minute),
+			ChunkedReadLimit: DefaultChunkedReadLimit,
 			ReadRecent:       false,
 			Name:             "read_special",
 			RequiredMatchers: model.LabelSet{"job": "special"},
diff --git a/storage/remote/chunked.go b/storage/remote/chunked.go
index 96ce483e0..aa5addd6a 100644
--- a/storage/remote/chunked.go
+++ b/storage/remote/chunked.go
@@ -26,10 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
 )
 
-// DefaultChunkedReadLimit is the default value for the maximum size of the protobuf frame client allows.
-// 50MB is the default. This is equivalent to ~100k full XOR chunks and average labelset.
-const DefaultChunkedReadLimit = 5e+7
-
 // The table gets initialized with sync.Once but may still cause a race
 // with any other use of the crc32 package anywhere. Thus we initialize it
 // before.
diff --git a/storage/remote/client.go b/storage/remote/client.go
index 2a66739ed..62218cfba 100644
--- a/storage/remote/client.go
+++ b/storage/remote/client.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package remote
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -36,13 +37,14 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/remote/azuread"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/remote/googleiam"
 )
 
-const maxErrMsgLen = 1024
-
 const (
+	maxErrMsgLen = 1024
+
 	RemoteWriteVersionHeader        = "X-Prometheus-Remote-Write-Version"
 	RemoteWriteVersion1HeaderValue  = "0.1.0"
 	RemoteWriteVersion20HeaderValue = "2.0.0"
@@ -68,9 +70,12 @@ var (
 		config.RemoteWriteProtoMsgV1: appProtoContentType, // Also application/x-protobuf;proto=prometheus.WriteRequest but simplified for compatibility with 1.x spec.
 		config.RemoteWriteProtoMsgV2: appProtoContentType + ";proto=io.prometheus.write.v2.Request",
 	}
-)
 
-var (
+	AcceptedResponseTypes = []prompb.ReadRequest_ResponseType{
+		prompb.ReadRequest_STREAMED_XOR_CHUNKS,
+		prompb.ReadRequest_SAMPLES,
+	}
+
 	remoteReadQueriesTotal = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
 		prometheus.CounterOpts{
 			Namespace: namespace,
@@ -78,7 +83,7 @@ var (
 			Name:      "read_queries_total",
 			Help:      "The total number of remote read queries.",
 		},
-		[]string{remoteName, endpoint, "code"},
+		[]string{remoteName, endpoint, "response_type", "code"},
 	)
 	remoteReadQueries = prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
 		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
@@ -94,13 +99,13 @@ var (
 			Namespace:                       namespace,
 			Subsystem:                       subsystem,
 			Name:                            "read_request_duration_seconds",
-			Help:                            "Histogram of the latency for remote read requests.",
+			Help:                            "Histogram of the latency for remote read requests. Note that for streamed responses this is only the duration of the initial call and does not include the processing of the stream.",
 			Buckets:                         append(prometheus.DefBuckets, 25, 60),
 			NativeHistogramBucketFactor:     1.1,
 			NativeHistogramMaxBucketNumber:  100,
 			NativeHistogramMinResetDuration: 1 * time.Hour,
 		},
-		[]string{remoteName, endpoint},
+		[]string{remoteName, endpoint, "response_type"},
 	)
 )
 
@@ -116,10 +121,11 @@ type Client struct {
 	timeout    time.Duration
 
 	retryOnRateLimit bool
+	chunkedReadLimit uint64
 
 	readQueries         prometheus.Gauge
 	readQueriesTotal    *prometheus.CounterVec
-	readQueriesDuration prometheus.Observer
+	readQueriesDuration prometheus.ObserverVec
 
 	writeProtoMsg    config.RemoteWriteProtoMsg
 	writeCompression Compression // Not exposed by ClientConfig for now.
@@ -136,12 +142,13 @@ type ClientConfig struct {
 	Headers          map[string]string
 	RetryOnRateLimit bool
 	WriteProtoMsg    config.RemoteWriteProtoMsg
+	ChunkedReadLimit uint64
 }
 
-// ReadClient uses the SAMPLES method of remote read to read series samples from remote server.
-// TODO(bwplotka): Add streamed chunked remote read method as well (https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/5926).
+// ReadClient will request the STREAMED_XOR_CHUNKS method of remote read but can
+// also fall back to the SAMPLES method if necessary.
 type ReadClient interface {
-	Read(ctx context.Context, query *prompb.Query) (*prompb.QueryResult, error)
+	Read(ctx context.Context, query *prompb.Query, sortSeries bool) (storage.SeriesSet, error)
 }
 
 // NewReadClient creates a new client for remote read.
@@ -162,9 +169,10 @@ func NewReadClient(name string, conf *ClientConfig) (ReadClient, error) {
 		urlString:           conf.URL.String(),
 		Client:              httpClient,
 		timeout:             time.Duration(conf.Timeout),
+		chunkedReadLimit:    conf.ChunkedReadLimit,
 		readQueries:         remoteReadQueries.WithLabelValues(name, conf.URL.String()),
 		readQueriesTotal:    remoteReadQueriesTotal.MustCurryWith(prometheus.Labels{remoteName: name, endpoint: conf.URL.String()}),
-		readQueriesDuration: remoteReadQueryDuration.WithLabelValues(name, conf.URL.String()),
+		readQueriesDuration: remoteReadQueryDuration.MustCurryWith(prometheus.Labels{remoteName: name, endpoint: conf.URL.String()}),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -278,8 +286,8 @@ func (c *Client) Store(ctx context.Context, req []byte, attempt int) (WriteRespo
 		return WriteResponseStats{}, RecoverableError{err, defaultBackoff}
 	}
 	defer func() {
-		io.Copy(io.Discard, httpResp.Body)
-		httpResp.Body.Close()
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, httpResp.Body)
+		_ = httpResp.Body.Close()
 	}()
 
 	// TODO(bwplotka): Pass logger and emit debug on error?
@@ -329,17 +337,17 @@ func (c *Client) Endpoint() string {
 	return c.urlString
 }
 
-// Read reads from a remote endpoint.
-func (c *Client) Read(ctx context.Context, query *prompb.Query) (*prompb.QueryResult, error) {
+// Read reads from a remote endpoint. The sortSeries parameter is only respected in the case of a sampled response;
+// chunked responses arrive already sorted by the server.
+func (c *Client) Read(ctx context.Context, query *prompb.Query, sortSeries bool) (storage.SeriesSet, error) {
 	c.readQueries.Inc()
 	defer c.readQueries.Dec()
 
 	req := &prompb.ReadRequest{
 		// TODO: Support batching multiple queries into one read request,
 		// as the protobuf interface allows for it.
-		Queries: []*prompb.Query{
-			query,
-		},
+		Queries:               []*prompb.Query{query},
+		AcceptedResponseTypes: AcceptedResponseTypes,
 	}
 	data, err := proto.Marshal(req)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -358,7 +366,6 @@ func (c *Client) Read(ctx context.Context, query *prompb.Query) (*prompb.QueryRe
 	httpReq.Header.Set("X-Prometheus-Remote-Read-Version", "0.1.0")
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, c.timeout)
-	defer cancel()
 
 	ctx, span := otel.Tracer("").Start(ctx, "Remote Read", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient))
 	defer span.End()
@@ -366,24 +373,58 @@ func (c *Client) Read(ctx context.Context, query *prompb.Query) (*prompb.QueryRe
 	start := time.Now()
 	httpResp, err := c.Client.Do(httpReq.WithContext(ctx))
 	if err != nil {
+		cancel()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error sending request: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer func() {
-		io.Copy(io.Discard, httpResp.Body)
-		httpResp.Body.Close()
-	}()
-	c.readQueriesDuration.Observe(time.Since(start).Seconds())
-	c.readQueriesTotal.WithLabelValues(strconv.Itoa(httpResp.StatusCode)).Inc()
-
-	compressed, err = io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading response. HTTP status code: %s: %w", httpResp.Status, err)
-	}
 
 	if httpResp.StatusCode/100 != 2 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("remote server %s returned HTTP status %s: %s", c.urlString, httpResp.Status, strings.TrimSpace(string(compressed)))
+		// Make an attempt at getting an error message.
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+		_ = httpResp.Body.Close()
+
+		cancel()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("remote server %s returned http status %s: %s", c.urlString, httpResp.Status, string(body))
 	}
 
+	contentType := httpResp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(contentType, "application/x-protobuf"):
+		c.readQueriesDuration.WithLabelValues("sampled").Observe(time.Since(start).Seconds())
+		c.readQueriesTotal.WithLabelValues("sampled", strconv.Itoa(httpResp.StatusCode)).Inc()
+		ss, err := c.handleSampledResponse(req, httpResp, sortSeries)
+		cancel()
+		return ss, err
+	case strings.HasPrefix(contentType, "application/x-streamed-protobuf; proto=prometheus.ChunkedReadResponse"):
+		c.readQueriesDuration.WithLabelValues("chunked").Observe(time.Since(start).Seconds())
+
+		s := NewChunkedReader(httpResp.Body, c.chunkedReadLimit, nil)
+		return NewChunkedSeriesSet(s, httpResp.Body, query.StartTimestampMs, query.EndTimestampMs, func(err error) {
+			code := strconv.Itoa(httpResp.StatusCode)
+			if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				code = "aborted_stream"
+			}
+			c.readQueriesTotal.WithLabelValues("chunked", code).Inc()
+			cancel()
+		}), nil
+	default:
+		c.readQueriesDuration.WithLabelValues("unsupported").Observe(time.Since(start).Seconds())
+		c.readQueriesTotal.WithLabelValues("unsupported", strconv.Itoa(httpResp.StatusCode)).Inc()
+		cancel()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported content type: %s", contentType)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Client) handleSampledResponse(req *prompb.ReadRequest, httpResp *http.Response, sortSeries bool) (storage.SeriesSet, error) {
+	compressed, err := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading response. HTTP status code: %s: %w", httpResp.Status, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, httpResp.Body)
+		_ = httpResp.Body.Close()
+	}()
+
 	uncompressed, err := snappy.Decode(nil, compressed)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading response: %w", err)
@@ -399,5 +440,8 @@ func (c *Client) Read(ctx context.Context, query *prompb.Query) (*prompb.QueryRe
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("responses: want %d, got %d", len(req.Queries), len(resp.Results))
 	}
 
-	return resp.Results[0], nil
+	// This client does not batch queries so there's always only 1 result.
+	res := resp.Results[0]
+
+	return FromQueryResult(sortSeries, res), nil
 }
diff --git a/storage/remote/client_test.go b/storage/remote/client_test.go
index 9184ce100..c8b3d487e 100644
--- a/storage/remote/client_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/client_test.go
@@ -23,9 +23,15 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
+	"github.com/golang/snappy"
 	config_util "github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/chunkenc"
 )
 
 var longErrMessage = strings.Repeat("error message", maxErrMsgLen)
@@ -208,3 +214,226 @@ func TestClientCustomHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 
 	require.True(t, called, "The remote server wasn't called")
 }
+
+func TestReadClient(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                  string
+		query                 *prompb.Query
+		httpHandler           http.HandlerFunc
+		expectedLabels        []map[string]string
+		expectedSamples       [][]model.SamplePair
+		expectedErrorContains string
+		sortSeries            bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "sorted sampled response",
+			httpHandler: sampledResponseHTTPHandler(t),
+			expectedLabels: []map[string]string{
+				{"foo1": "bar"},
+				{"foo2": "bar"},
+			},
+			expectedSamples: [][]model.SamplePair{
+				{
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(0), Value: model.SampleValue(3)},
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(5), Value: model.SampleValue(4)},
+				},
+				{
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(0), Value: model.SampleValue(1)},
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(5), Value: model.SampleValue(2)},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedErrorContains: "",
+			sortSeries:            true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "unsorted sampled response",
+			httpHandler: sampledResponseHTTPHandler(t),
+			expectedLabels: []map[string]string{
+				{"foo2": "bar"},
+				{"foo1": "bar"},
+			},
+			expectedSamples: [][]model.SamplePair{
+				{
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(0), Value: model.SampleValue(1)},
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(5), Value: model.SampleValue(2)},
+				},
+				{
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(0), Value: model.SampleValue(3)},
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(5), Value: model.SampleValue(4)},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedErrorContains: "",
+			sortSeries:            false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "chunked response",
+			query: &prompb.Query{
+				StartTimestampMs: 4000,
+				EndTimestampMs:   12000,
+			},
+			httpHandler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/x-streamed-protobuf; proto=prometheus.ChunkedReadResponse")
+
+				flusher, ok := w.(http.Flusher)
+				require.True(t, ok)
+
+				cw := NewChunkedWriter(w, flusher)
+				l := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
+				}
+
+				chunks := buildTestChunks(t)
+				for i, c := range chunks {
+					cSeries := prompb.ChunkedSeries{Labels: l, Chunks: []prompb.Chunk{c}}
+					readResp := prompb.ChunkedReadResponse{
+						ChunkedSeries: []*prompb.ChunkedSeries{&cSeries},
+						QueryIndex:    int64(i),
+					}
+
+					b, err := proto.Marshal(&readResp)
+					require.NoError(t, err)
+
+					_, err = cw.Write(b)
+					require.NoError(t, err)
+				}
+			}),
+			expectedLabels: []map[string]string{
+				{"foo": "bar"},
+				{"foo": "bar"},
+				{"foo": "bar"},
+			},
+			// This is the output of buildTestChunks minus the samples outside the query range.
+			expectedSamples: [][]model.SamplePair{
+				{
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(4000), Value: model.SampleValue(4)},
+				},
+				{
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(5000), Value: model.SampleValue(1)},
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(6000), Value: model.SampleValue(2)},
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(7000), Value: model.SampleValue(3)},
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(8000), Value: model.SampleValue(4)},
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(9000), Value: model.SampleValue(5)},
+				},
+				{
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(10000), Value: model.SampleValue(2)},
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(11000), Value: model.SampleValue(3)},
+					{Timestamp: model.Time(12000), Value: model.SampleValue(4)},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedErrorContains: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unsupported content type",
+			httpHandler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "foobar")
+			}),
+			expectedErrorContains: "unsupported content type",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			server := httptest.NewServer(test.httpHandler)
+			defer server.Close()
+
+			u, err := url.Parse(server.URL)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			conf := &ClientConfig{
+				URL:              &config_util.URL{URL: u},
+				Timeout:          model.Duration(5 * time.Second),
+				ChunkedReadLimit: config.DefaultChunkedReadLimit,
+			}
+			c, err := NewReadClient("test", conf)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			query := &prompb.Query{}
+			if test.query != nil {
+				query = test.query
+			}
+
+			ss, err := c.Read(context.Background(), query, test.sortSeries)
+			if test.expectedErrorContains != "" {
+				require.ErrorContains(t, err, test.expectedErrorContains)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			i := 0
+
+			for ss.Next() {
+				require.NoError(t, ss.Err())
+				s := ss.At()
+
+				l := s.Labels()
+				require.Len(t, test.expectedLabels[i], l.Len())
+				for k, v := range test.expectedLabels[i] {
+					require.True(t, l.Has(k))
+					require.Equal(t, v, l.Get(k))
+				}
+
+				it := s.Iterator(nil)
+				j := 0
+
+				for valType := it.Next(); valType != chunkenc.ValNone; valType = it.Next() {
+					require.NoError(t, it.Err())
+
+					ts, v := it.At()
+					expectedSample := test.expectedSamples[i][j]
+
+					require.Equal(t, int64(expectedSample.Timestamp), ts)
+					require.Equal(t, float64(expectedSample.Value), v)
+
+					j++
+				}
+
+				require.Len(t, test.expectedSamples[i], j)
+
+				i++
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, ss.Err())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func sampledResponseHTTPHandler(t *testing.T) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf")
+
+		resp := prompb.ReadResponse{
+			Results: []*prompb.QueryResult{
+				{
+					Timeseries: []*prompb.TimeSeries{
+						{
+							Labels: []prompb.Label{
+								{Name: "foo2", Value: "bar"},
+							},
+							Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+								{Value: float64(1), Timestamp: int64(0)},
+								{Value: float64(2), Timestamp: int64(5)},
+							},
+							Exemplars: []prompb.Exemplar{},
+						},
+						{
+							Labels: []prompb.Label{
+								{Name: "foo1", Value: "bar"},
+							},
+							Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+								{Value: float64(3), Timestamp: int64(0)},
+								{Value: float64(4), Timestamp: int64(5)},
+							},
+							Exemplars: []prompb.Exemplar{},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		b, err := proto.Marshal(&resp)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		_, err = w.Write(snappy.Encode(nil, b))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/storage/remote/codec.go b/storage/remote/codec.go
index c9220ca42..80bb81150 100644
--- a/storage/remote/codec.go
+++ b/storage/remote/codec.go
@@ -540,6 +540,220 @@ func (c *concreteSeriesIterator) Err() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// chunkedSeriesSet implements storage.SeriesSet.
+type chunkedSeriesSet struct {
+	chunkedReader *ChunkedReader
+	respBody      io.ReadCloser
+	mint, maxt    int64
+	cancel        func(error)
+
+	current storage.Series
+	err     error
+}
+
+func NewChunkedSeriesSet(chunkedReader *ChunkedReader, respBody io.ReadCloser, mint, maxt int64, cancel func(error)) storage.SeriesSet {
+	return &chunkedSeriesSet{
+		chunkedReader: chunkedReader,
+		respBody:      respBody,
+		mint:          mint,
+		maxt:          maxt,
+		cancel:        cancel,
+	}
+}
+
+// Next return true if there is a next series and false otherwise. It will
+// block until the next series is available.
+func (s *chunkedSeriesSet) Next() bool {
+	res := &prompb.ChunkedReadResponse{}
+
+	err := s.chunkedReader.NextProto(res)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			s.err = err
+			_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, s.respBody)
+		}
+
+		_ = s.respBody.Close()
+		s.cancel(err)
+
+		return false
+	}
+
+	s.current = &chunkedSeries{
+		ChunkedSeries: prompb.ChunkedSeries{
+			Labels: res.ChunkedSeries[0].Labels,
+			Chunks: res.ChunkedSeries[0].Chunks,
+		},
+		mint: s.mint,
+		maxt: s.maxt,
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+func (s *chunkedSeriesSet) At() storage.Series {
+	return s.current
+}
+
+func (s *chunkedSeriesSet) Err() error {
+	return s.err
+}
+
+func (s *chunkedSeriesSet) Warnings() annotations.Annotations {
+	return nil
+}
+
+type chunkedSeries struct {
+	prompb.ChunkedSeries
+	mint, maxt int64
+}
+
+var _ storage.Series = &chunkedSeries{}
+
+func (s *chunkedSeries) Labels() labels.Labels {
+	b := labels.NewScratchBuilder(0)
+	return s.ToLabels(&b, nil)
+}
+
+func (s *chunkedSeries) Iterator(it chunkenc.Iterator) chunkenc.Iterator {
+	csIt, ok := it.(*chunkedSeriesIterator)
+	if ok {
+		csIt.reset(s.Chunks, s.mint, s.maxt)
+		return csIt
+	}
+	return newChunkedSeriesIterator(s.Chunks, s.mint, s.maxt)
+}
+
+type chunkedSeriesIterator struct {
+	chunks     []prompb.Chunk
+	idx        int
+	cur        chunkenc.Iterator
+	valType    chunkenc.ValueType
+	mint, maxt int64
+
+	err error
+}
+
+var _ chunkenc.Iterator = &chunkedSeriesIterator{}
+
+func newChunkedSeriesIterator(chunks []prompb.Chunk, mint, maxt int64) *chunkedSeriesIterator {
+	it := &chunkedSeriesIterator{}
+	it.reset(chunks, mint, maxt)
+	return it
+}
+
+func (it *chunkedSeriesIterator) Next() chunkenc.ValueType {
+	if it.err != nil {
+		return chunkenc.ValNone
+	}
+	if len(it.chunks) == 0 {
+		return chunkenc.ValNone
+	}
+
+	for it.valType = it.cur.Next(); it.valType != chunkenc.ValNone; it.valType = it.cur.Next() {
+		atT := it.AtT()
+		if atT > it.maxt {
+			it.chunks = nil // Exhaust this iterator so follow-up calls to Next or Seek return fast.
+			return chunkenc.ValNone
+		}
+		if atT >= it.mint {
+			return it.valType
+		}
+	}
+
+	if it.idx >= len(it.chunks)-1 {
+		it.valType = chunkenc.ValNone
+	} else {
+		it.idx++
+		it.resetIterator()
+		it.valType = it.Next()
+	}
+
+	return it.valType
+}
+
+func (it *chunkedSeriesIterator) Seek(t int64) chunkenc.ValueType {
+	if it.err != nil {
+		return chunkenc.ValNone
+	}
+	if len(it.chunks) == 0 {
+		return chunkenc.ValNone
+	}
+
+	startIdx := it.idx
+	it.idx += sort.Search(len(it.chunks)-startIdx, func(i int) bool {
+		return it.chunks[startIdx+i].MaxTimeMs >= t
+	})
+	if it.idx > startIdx {
+		it.resetIterator()
+	} else {
+		ts := it.cur.AtT()
+		if ts >= t {
+			return it.valType
+		}
+	}
+
+	for it.valType = it.cur.Next(); it.valType != chunkenc.ValNone; it.valType = it.cur.Next() {
+		ts := it.cur.AtT()
+		if ts > it.maxt {
+			it.chunks = nil // Exhaust this iterator so follow-up calls to Next or Seek return fast.
+			return chunkenc.ValNone
+		}
+		if ts >= t && ts >= it.mint {
+			return it.valType
+		}
+	}
+
+	it.valType = chunkenc.ValNone
+	return it.valType
+}
+
+func (it *chunkedSeriesIterator) resetIterator() {
+	if it.idx < len(it.chunks) {
+		chunk := it.chunks[it.idx]
+
+		decodedChunk, err := chunkenc.FromData(chunkenc.Encoding(chunk.Type), chunk.Data)
+		if err != nil {
+			it.err = err
+			return
+		}
+
+		it.cur = decodedChunk.Iterator(nil)
+	} else {
+		it.cur = chunkenc.NewNopIterator()
+	}
+}
+
+func (it *chunkedSeriesIterator) reset(chunks []prompb.Chunk, mint, maxt int64) {
+	it.chunks = chunks
+	it.mint = mint
+	it.maxt = maxt
+	it.idx = 0
+	if len(chunks) > 0 {
+		it.resetIterator()
+	}
+}
+
+func (it *chunkedSeriesIterator) At() (ts int64, v float64) {
+	return it.cur.At()
+}
+
+func (it *chunkedSeriesIterator) AtHistogram(h *histogram.Histogram) (int64, *histogram.Histogram) {
+	return it.cur.AtHistogram(h)
+}
+
+func (it *chunkedSeriesIterator) AtFloatHistogram(fh *histogram.FloatHistogram) (int64, *histogram.FloatHistogram) {
+	return it.cur.AtFloatHistogram(fh)
+}
+
+func (it *chunkedSeriesIterator) AtT() int64 {
+	return it.cur.AtT()
+}
+
+func (it *chunkedSeriesIterator) Err() error {
+	return it.err
+}
+
 // validateLabelsAndMetricName validates the label names/values and metric names returned from remote read,
 // also making sure that there are no labels with duplicate names.
 func validateLabelsAndMetricName(ls []prompb.Label) error {
@@ -612,15 +826,6 @@ func FromLabelMatchers(matchers []*prompb.LabelMatcher) ([]*labels.Matcher, erro
 	return result, nil
 }
 
-// LabelProtosToMetric unpack a []*prompb.Label to a model.Metric.
-func LabelProtosToMetric(labelPairs []*prompb.Label) model.Metric {
-	metric := make(model.Metric, len(labelPairs))
-	for _, l := range labelPairs {
-		metric[model.LabelName(l.Name)] = model.LabelValue(l.Value)
-	}
-	return metric
-}
-
 // DecodeWriteRequest from an io.Reader into a prompb.WriteRequest, handling
 // snappy decompression.
 // Used also by documentation/examples/remote_storage.
diff --git a/storage/remote/codec_test.go b/storage/remote/codec_test.go
index 279d10e41..404f1add7 100644
--- a/storage/remote/codec_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/codec_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package remote
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/metadata"
@@ -705,3 +707,270 @@ func (c *mockChunkIterator) Next() bool {
 func (c *mockChunkIterator) Err() error {
 	return nil
 }
+
+func TestChunkedSeriesIterator(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("happy path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		chks := buildTestChunks(t)
+
+		it := newChunkedSeriesIterator(chks, 2000, 12000)
+
+		require.NoError(t, it.err)
+		require.NotNil(t, it.cur)
+
+		// Initial next; advance to first valid sample of first chunk.
+		res := it.Next()
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloat, res)
+		require.NoError(t, it.Err())
+
+		ts, v := it.At()
+		require.Equal(t, int64(2000), ts)
+		require.Equal(t, float64(2), v)
+
+		// Next to the second sample of the first chunk.
+		res = it.Next()
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloat, res)
+		require.NoError(t, it.Err())
+
+		ts, v = it.At()
+		require.Equal(t, int64(3000), ts)
+		require.Equal(t, float64(3), v)
+
+		// Attempt to seek to the first sample of the first chunk (should return current sample).
+		res = it.Seek(0)
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloat, res)
+
+		ts, v = it.At()
+		require.Equal(t, int64(3000), ts)
+		require.Equal(t, float64(3), v)
+
+		// Seek to the end of the first chunk.
+		res = it.Seek(4000)
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloat, res)
+
+		ts, v = it.At()
+		require.Equal(t, int64(4000), ts)
+		require.Equal(t, float64(4), v)
+
+		// Next to the first sample of the second chunk.
+		res = it.Next()
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloat, res)
+		require.NoError(t, it.Err())
+
+		ts, v = it.At()
+		require.Equal(t, int64(5000), ts)
+		require.Equal(t, float64(1), v)
+
+		// Seek to the second sample of the third chunk.
+		res = it.Seek(10999)
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloat, res)
+		require.NoError(t, it.Err())
+
+		ts, v = it.At()
+		require.Equal(t, int64(11000), ts)
+		require.Equal(t, float64(3), v)
+
+		// Attempt to seek to something past the last sample (should return false and exhaust the iterator).
+		res = it.Seek(99999)
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValNone, res)
+		require.NoError(t, it.Err())
+
+		// Attempt to next past the last sample (should return false as the iterator is exhausted).
+		res = it.Next()
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValNone, res)
+		require.NoError(t, it.Err())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid chunk encoding error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		chks := buildTestChunks(t)
+
+		// Set chunk type to an invalid value.
+		chks[0].Type = 8
+
+		it := newChunkedSeriesIterator(chks, 0, 14000)
+
+		res := it.Next()
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValNone, res)
+
+		res = it.Seek(1000)
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValNone, res)
+
+		require.ErrorContains(t, it.err, "invalid chunk encoding")
+		require.Nil(t, it.cur)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty chunks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		emptyChunks := make([]prompb.Chunk, 0)
+
+		it1 := newChunkedSeriesIterator(emptyChunks, 0, 1000)
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValNone, it1.Next())
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValNone, it1.Seek(1000))
+		require.NoError(t, it1.Err())
+
+		var nilChunks []prompb.Chunk
+
+		it2 := newChunkedSeriesIterator(nilChunks, 0, 1000)
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValNone, it2.Next())
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValNone, it2.Seek(1000))
+		require.NoError(t, it2.Err())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestChunkedSeries(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("happy path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		chks := buildTestChunks(t)
+
+		s := chunkedSeries{
+			ChunkedSeries: prompb.ChunkedSeries{
+				Labels: []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
+					{Name: "asdf", Value: "zxcv"},
+				},
+				Chunks: chks,
+			},
+		}
+
+		require.Equal(t, labels.FromStrings("asdf", "zxcv", "foo", "bar"), s.Labels())
+
+		it := s.Iterator(nil)
+		res := it.Next() // Behavior is undefined w/o the initial call to Next.
+
+		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloat, res)
+		require.NoError(t, it.Err())
+
+		ts, v := it.At()
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), ts)
+		require.Equal(t, float64(0), v)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestChunkedSeriesSet(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("happy path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		flusher := &mockFlusher{}
+
+		w := NewChunkedWriter(buf, flusher)
+		r := NewChunkedReader(buf, config.DefaultChunkedReadLimit, nil)
+
+		chks := buildTestChunks(t)
+		l := []prompb.Label{
+			{Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
+		}
+
+		for i, c := range chks {
+			cSeries := prompb.ChunkedSeries{Labels: l, Chunks: []prompb.Chunk{c}}
+			readResp := prompb.ChunkedReadResponse{
+				ChunkedSeries: []*prompb.ChunkedSeries{&cSeries},
+				QueryIndex:    int64(i),
+			}
+
+			b, err := proto.Marshal(&readResp)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			_, err = w.Write(b)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+
+		ss := NewChunkedSeriesSet(r, io.NopCloser(buf), 0, 14000, func(error) {})
+		require.NoError(t, ss.Err())
+		require.Nil(t, ss.Warnings())
+
+		res := ss.Next()
+		require.True(t, res)
+		require.NoError(t, ss.Err())
+
+		s := ss.At()
+		require.Equal(t, 1, s.Labels().Len())
+		require.True(t, s.Labels().Has("foo"))
+		require.Equal(t, "bar", s.Labels().Get("foo"))
+
+		it := s.Iterator(nil)
+		it.Next()
+		ts, v := it.At()
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), ts)
+		require.Equal(t, float64(0), v)
+
+		numResponses := 1
+		for ss.Next() {
+			numResponses++
+		}
+		require.Equal(t, numTestChunks, numResponses)
+		require.NoError(t, ss.Err())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chunked reader error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		flusher := &mockFlusher{}
+
+		w := NewChunkedWriter(buf, flusher)
+		r := NewChunkedReader(buf, config.DefaultChunkedReadLimit, nil)
+
+		chks := buildTestChunks(t)
+		l := []prompb.Label{
+			{Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
+		}
+
+		for i, c := range chks {
+			cSeries := prompb.ChunkedSeries{Labels: l, Chunks: []prompb.Chunk{c}}
+			readResp := prompb.ChunkedReadResponse{
+				ChunkedSeries: []*prompb.ChunkedSeries{&cSeries},
+				QueryIndex:    int64(i),
+			}
+
+			b, err := proto.Marshal(&readResp)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			b[0] = 0xFF // Corruption!
+
+			_, err = w.Write(b)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+
+		ss := NewChunkedSeriesSet(r, io.NopCloser(buf), 0, 14000, func(error) {})
+		require.NoError(t, ss.Err())
+		require.Nil(t, ss.Warnings())
+
+		res := ss.Next()
+		require.False(t, res)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, ss.Err(), "proto: illegal wireType 7")
+	})
+}
+
+// mockFlusher implements http.Flusher.
+type mockFlusher struct{}
+
+func (f *mockFlusher) Flush() {}
+
+const (
+	numTestChunks          = 3
+	numSamplesPerTestChunk = 5
+)
+
+func buildTestChunks(t *testing.T) []prompb.Chunk {
+	startTime := int64(0)
+	chks := make([]prompb.Chunk, 0, numTestChunks)
+
+	time := startTime
+
+	for i := 0; i < numTestChunks; i++ {
+		c := chunkenc.NewXORChunk()
+
+		a, err := c.Appender()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		minTimeMs := time
+
+		for j := 0; j < numSamplesPerTestChunk; j++ {
+			a.Append(time, float64(i+j))
+			time += int64(1000)
+		}
+
+		chks = append(chks, prompb.Chunk{
+			MinTimeMs: minTimeMs,
+			MaxTimeMs: time,
+			Type:      prompb.Chunk_XOR,
+			Data:      c.Bytes(),
+		})
+	}
+
+	return chks
+}
diff --git a/storage/remote/read.go b/storage/remote/read.go
index e54b14f1e..2ec48784d 100644
--- a/storage/remote/read.go
+++ b/storage/remote/read.go
@@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ func (q *querier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *storage.Se
 		return storage.ErrSeriesSet(fmt.Errorf("toQuery: %w", err))
 	}
 
-	res, err := q.client.Read(ctx, query)
+	res, err := q.client.Read(ctx, query, sortSeries)
 	if err != nil {
 		return storage.ErrSeriesSet(fmt.Errorf("remote_read: %w", err))
 	}
-	return newSeriesSetFilter(FromQueryResult(sortSeries, res), added)
+	return newSeriesSetFilter(res, added)
 }
 
 // addExternalLabels adds matchers for each external label. External labels
diff --git a/storage/remote/read_handler_test.go b/storage/remote/read_handler_test.go
index a68187268..4cd4647e7 100644
--- a/storage/remote/read_handler_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/read_handler_test.go
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ func BenchmarkStreamReadEndpoint(b *testing.B) {
 		require.Equal(b, 2, recorder.Code/100)
 
 		var results []*prompb.ChunkedReadResponse
-		stream := NewChunkedReader(recorder.Result().Body, DefaultChunkedReadLimit, nil)
+		stream := NewChunkedReader(recorder.Result().Body, config.DefaultChunkedReadLimit, nil)
 
 		for {
 			res := &prompb.ChunkedReadResponse{}
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ func TestStreamReadEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "", recorder.Result().Header.Get("Content-Encoding"))
 
 	var results []*prompb.ChunkedReadResponse
-	stream := NewChunkedReader(recorder.Result().Body, DefaultChunkedReadLimit, nil)
+	stream := NewChunkedReader(recorder.Result().Body, config.DefaultChunkedReadLimit, nil)
 	for {
 		res := &prompb.ChunkedReadResponse{}
 		err := stream.NextProto(res)
diff --git a/storage/remote/read_test.go b/storage/remote/read_test.go
index 357bdba1f..d63cefc3f 100644
--- a/storage/remote/read_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/read_test.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/annotations"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/testutil"
 )
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ type mockedRemoteClient struct {
 	b     labels.ScratchBuilder
 }
 
-func (c *mockedRemoteClient) Read(_ context.Context, query *prompb.Query) (*prompb.QueryResult, error) {
+func (c *mockedRemoteClient) Read(_ context.Context, query *prompb.Query, sortSeries bool) (storage.SeriesSet, error) {
 	if c.got != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected only one call to remote client got: %v", query)
 	}
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ func (c *mockedRemoteClient) Read(_ context.Context, query *prompb.Query) (*prom
 			q.Timeseries = append(q.Timeseries, &prompb.TimeSeries{Labels: s.Labels})
 		}
 	}
-	return q, nil
+	return FromQueryResult(sortSeries, q), nil
 }
 
 func (c *mockedRemoteClient) reset() {
diff --git a/storage/remote/storage.go b/storage/remote/storage.go
index afa2d411a..05634f179 100644
--- a/storage/remote/storage.go
+++ b/storage/remote/storage.go
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ func (s *Storage) ApplyConfig(conf *config.Config) error {
 		c, err := NewReadClient(name, &ClientConfig{
 			URL:              rrConf.URL,
 			Timeout:          rrConf.RemoteTimeout,
+			ChunkedReadLimit: rrConf.ChunkedReadLimit,
 			HTTPClientConfig: rrConf.HTTPClientConfig,
 			Headers:          rrConf.Headers,
 		})
diff --git a/web/api/v1/api_test.go b/web/api/v1/api_test.go
index ba38ddc97..261ed6b61 100644
--- a/web/api/v1/api_test.go
+++ b/web/api/v1/api_test.go
@@ -1074,6 +1074,9 @@ func setupRemote(s storage.Storage) *httptest.Server {
 			}
 		}
 
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf")
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Encoding", "snappy")
+
 		if err := remote.EncodeReadResponse(&resp, w); err != nil {
 			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 			return

From 9da75328ea76f4ebb9a02009b93331a8374f38cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Owen Williams <owen.williams@grafana.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2024 11:15:42 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 144/180] fix(utf8): ensure correct validation when legacy mode
 turned on (#14736)

fix(utf8): ensure correct validation when legacy mode turned on

This depends on the included update of the prometheus/common dependency.

---------

Signed-off-by: Owen Williams <owen.williams@grafana.com>
---
 go.mod                          |  4 +-
 go.sum                          |  8 ++--
 model/labels/labels_common.go   | 19 ++++++--
 model/labels/labels_test.go     | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 promql/parser/printer.go        |  2 +-
 scrape/scrape.go                |  8 +++-
 scrape/scrape_test.go           | 37 ++++++++++++++++
 storage/remote/write_handler.go |  5 ++-
 8 files changed, 146 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 50d560bc3..af327c64a 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/oklog/ulid v1.3.1
 	github.com/ovh/go-ovh v1.6.0
 	github.com/prometheus/alertmanager v0.27.0
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.56.0
 	github.com/prometheus/common/assets v0.2.0
 	github.com/prometheus/common/sigv4 v0.1.0
 	github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit v0.11.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index bd4aa4f6b..933ef9420 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -608,8 +608,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.3.0/go.mod h1:hJaj2vgQTGQmVCsAACORcieXFeD
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.4.0/go.mod h1:e9GMxYsXl05ICDXkRhurwBS4Q3OK1iX/F2sw+iXX5zU=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.7.1/go.mod h1:PY5Wy2awLA44sXw4AOSfFBetzPP4j5+D6mVACh+pe2M=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 h1:wZWJDwK+NameRJuPGDhlnFgx8e8HN3XHQeLaYJFJBOE=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1/go.mod h1:mP78NwGzrVks5S2H6ab8+ZZGJLZUq1hoULYBAYBw1Ho=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.0 h1:jBzTZ7B099Rg24tny+qngoynol8LtVYlA2bqx3vEloI=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.0/go.mod h1:PIEt8X02hGcP8JWbeHyeZ53Y/jReSnHgO035n//V5WE=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190115171406-56726106282f/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190129233127-fd36f4220a90/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
@@ -625,8 +625,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/common v0.9.1/go.mod h1:yhUN8i9wzaXS3w1O07YhxHEBxD+W35wd8b
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.10.0/go.mod h1:Tlit/dnDKsSWFlCLTWaA1cyBgKHSMdTB80sz/V91rCo=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.26.0/go.mod h1:M7rCNAaPfAosfx8veZJCuw84e35h3Cfd9VFqTh1DIvc=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.29.0/go.mod h1:vu+V0TpY+O6vW9J44gczi3Ap/oXXR10b+M/gUGO4Hls=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 h1:KEi6DK7lXW/m7Ig5i47x0vRzuBsHuvJdi5ee6Y3G1dc=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0/go.mod h1:2SECS4xJG1kd8XF9IcM1gMX6510RAEL65zxzNImwdc8=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.56.0 h1:UffReloqkBtvtQEYDg2s+uDPGRrJyC6vZWPGXf6OhPY=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.56.0/go.mod h1:7uRPFSUTbfZWsJ7MHY56sqt7hLQu3bxXHDnNhl8E9qI=
 github.com/prometheus/common/assets v0.2.0 h1:0P5OrzoHrYBOSM1OigWL3mY8ZvV2N4zIE/5AahrSrfM=
 github.com/prometheus/common/assets v0.2.0/go.mod h1:D17UVUE12bHbim7HzwUvtqm6gwBEaDQ0F+hIGbFbccI=
 github.com/prometheus/common/sigv4 v0.1.0 h1:qoVebwtwwEhS85Czm2dSROY5fTo2PAPEVdDeppTwGX4=
diff --git a/model/labels/labels_common.go b/model/labels/labels_common.go
index 6db86b03c..d7bdc1e07 100644
--- a/model/labels/labels_common.go
+++ b/model/labels/labels_common.go
@@ -95,12 +95,23 @@ func (ls *Labels) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 }
 
 // IsValid checks if the metric name or label names are valid.
-func (ls Labels) IsValid() bool {
+func (ls Labels) IsValid(validationScheme model.ValidationScheme) bool {
 	err := ls.Validate(func(l Label) error {
-		if l.Name == model.MetricNameLabel && !model.IsValidMetricName(model.LabelValue(l.Value)) {
-			return strconv.ErrSyntax
+		if l.Name == model.MetricNameLabel {
+			// If the default validation scheme has been overridden with legacy mode,
+			// we need to call the special legacy validation checker.
+			if validationScheme == model.LegacyValidation && model.NameValidationScheme == model.UTF8Validation && !model.IsValidLegacyMetricName(string(model.LabelValue(l.Value))) {
+				return strconv.ErrSyntax
+			}
+			if !model.IsValidMetricName(model.LabelValue(l.Value)) {
+				return strconv.ErrSyntax
+			}
 		}
-		if !model.LabelName(l.Name).IsValid() || !model.LabelValue(l.Value).IsValid() {
+		if validationScheme == model.LegacyValidation && model.NameValidationScheme == model.UTF8Validation {
+			if !model.LabelName(l.Name).IsValidLegacy() || !model.LabelValue(l.Value).IsValid() {
+				return strconv.ErrSyntax
+			}
+		} else if !model.LabelName(l.Name).IsValid() || !model.LabelValue(l.Value).IsValid() {
 			return strconv.ErrSyntax
 		}
 		return nil
diff --git a/model/labels/labels_test.go b/model/labels/labels_test.go
index d8910cdc8..920890831 100644
--- a/model/labels/labels_test.go
+++ b/model/labels/labels_test.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 )
@@ -272,11 +273,86 @@ func TestLabels_IsValid(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run("", func(t *testing.T) {
-			require.Equal(t, test.expected, test.input.IsValid())
+			require.Equal(t, test.expected, test.input.IsValid(model.LegacyValidation))
 		})
 	}
 }
 
+func TestLabels_ValidationModes(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		input      Labels
+		globalMode model.ValidationScheme
+		callMode   model.ValidationScheme
+		expected   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			input: FromStrings(
+				"__name__", "test.metric",
+				"hostname", "localhost",
+				"job", "check",
+			),
+			globalMode: model.UTF8Validation,
+			callMode:   model.UTF8Validation,
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: FromStrings(
+				"__name__", "test",
+				"\xc5 bad utf8", "localhost",
+				"job", "check",
+			),
+			globalMode: model.UTF8Validation,
+			callMode:   model.UTF8Validation,
+			expected:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			// Setting the common model to legacy validation and then trying to check for UTF-8 on a
+			// per-call basis is not supported.
+			input: FromStrings(
+				"__name__", "test.utf8.metric",
+				"hostname", "localhost",
+				"job", "check",
+			),
+			globalMode: model.LegacyValidation,
+			callMode:   model.UTF8Validation,
+			expected:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: FromStrings(
+				"__name__", "test",
+				"hostname", "localhost",
+				"job", "check",
+			),
+			globalMode: model.LegacyValidation,
+			callMode:   model.LegacyValidation,
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: FromStrings(
+				"__name__", "test.utf8.metric",
+				"hostname", "localhost",
+				"job", "check",
+			),
+			globalMode: model.UTF8Validation,
+			callMode:   model.LegacyValidation,
+			expected:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: FromStrings(
+				"__name__", "test",
+				"host.name", "localhost",
+				"job", "check",
+			),
+			globalMode: model.UTF8Validation,
+			callMode:   model.LegacyValidation,
+			expected:   false,
+		},
+	} {
+		model.NameValidationScheme = test.globalMode
+		require.Equal(t, test.expected, test.input.IsValid(test.callMode))
+	}
+}
+
 func TestLabels_Equal(t *testing.T) {
 	labels := FromStrings(
 		"aaa", "111",
diff --git a/promql/parser/printer.go b/promql/parser/printer.go
index 5613956f7..69f5f082d 100644
--- a/promql/parser/printer.go
+++ b/promql/parser/printer.go
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (node *AggregateExpr) getAggOpStr() string {
 func joinLabels(ss []string) string {
 	for i, s := range ss {
 		// If the label is already quoted, don't quote it again.
-		if s[0] != '"' && s[0] != '\'' && s[0] != '`' && !model.IsValidLegacyMetricName(model.LabelValue(s)) {
+		if s[0] != '"' && s[0] != '\'' && s[0] != '`' && !model.IsValidLegacyMetricName(string(model.LabelValue(s))) {
 			ss[i] = fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\"", s)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/scrape/scrape.go b/scrape/scrape.go
index 222cc62f9..5fcd623c0 100644
--- a/scrape/scrape.go
+++ b/scrape/scrape.go
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ type scrapeLoopOptions struct {
 	interval                 time.Duration
 	timeout                  time.Duration
 	scrapeClassicHistograms  bool
+	validationScheme         model.ValidationScheme
 
 	mrc               []*relabel.Config
 	cache             *scrapeCache
@@ -186,6 +187,7 @@ func newScrapePool(cfg *config.ScrapeConfig, app storage.Appendable, offsetSeed
 			options.PassMetadataInContext,
 			metrics,
 			options.skipOffsetting,
+			opts.validationScheme,
 		)
 	}
 	sp.metrics.targetScrapePoolTargetLimit.WithLabelValues(sp.config.JobName).Set(float64(sp.config.TargetLimit))
@@ -346,6 +348,7 @@ func (sp *scrapePool) restartLoops(reuseCache bool) {
 				cache:                    cache,
 				interval:                 interval,
 				timeout:                  timeout,
+				validationScheme:         validationScheme,
 			})
 		)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -853,6 +856,7 @@ type scrapeLoop struct {
 	interval                 time.Duration
 	timeout                  time.Duration
 	scrapeClassicHistograms  bool
+	validationScheme         model.ValidationScheme
 
 	// Feature flagged options.
 	enableNativeHistogramIngestion bool
@@ -1160,6 +1164,7 @@ func newScrapeLoop(ctx context.Context,
 	passMetadataInContext bool,
 	metrics *scrapeMetrics,
 	skipOffsetting bool,
+	validationScheme model.ValidationScheme,
 ) *scrapeLoop {
 	if l == nil {
 		l = log.NewNopLogger()
@@ -1211,6 +1216,7 @@ func newScrapeLoop(ctx context.Context,
 		appendMetadataToWAL:            appendMetadataToWAL,
 		metrics:                        metrics,
 		skipOffsetting:                 skipOffsetting,
+		validationScheme:               validationScheme,
 	}
 	sl.ctx, sl.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
 
@@ -1631,7 +1637,7 @@ loop:
 				err = errNameLabelMandatory
 				break loop
 			}
-			if !lset.IsValid() {
+			if !lset.IsValid(sl.validationScheme) {
 				err = fmt.Errorf("invalid metric name or label names: %s", lset.String())
 				break loop
 			}
diff --git a/scrape/scrape_test.go b/scrape/scrape_test.go
index 9b3061521..b703f21d4 100644
--- a/scrape/scrape_test.go
+++ b/scrape/scrape_test.go
@@ -684,6 +684,7 @@ func newBasicScrapeLoop(t testing.TB, ctx context.Context, scraper scraper, app
 		false,
 		newTestScrapeMetrics(t),
 		false,
+		model.LegacyValidation,
 	)
 }
 
@@ -826,6 +827,7 @@ func TestScrapeLoopRun(t *testing.T) {
 		false,
 		scrapeMetrics,
 		false,
+		model.LegacyValidation,
 	)
 
 	// The loop must terminate during the initial offset if the context
@@ -970,6 +972,7 @@ func TestScrapeLoopMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 		false,
 		scrapeMetrics,
 		false,
+		model.LegacyValidation,
 	)
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -1065,6 +1068,40 @@ func TestScrapeLoopFailWithInvalidLabelsAfterRelabel(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, 0, seriesAdded)
 }
 
+func TestScrapeLoopFailLegacyUnderUTF8(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that scrapes fail when default validation is utf8 but scrape config is
+	// legacy.
+	model.NameValidationScheme = model.UTF8Validation
+	defer func() {
+		model.NameValidationScheme = model.LegacyValidation
+	}()
+	s := teststorage.New(t)
+	defer s.Close()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	sl := newBasicScrapeLoop(t, ctx, &testScraper{}, s.Appender, 0)
+	sl.validationScheme = model.LegacyValidation
+
+	slApp := sl.appender(ctx)
+	total, added, seriesAdded, err := sl.append(slApp, []byte("{\"test.metric\"} 1\n"), "", time.Time{})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid metric name or label names")
+	require.NoError(t, slApp.Rollback())
+	require.Equal(t, 1, total)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, added)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, seriesAdded)
+
+	// When scrapeloop has validation set to UTF-8, the metric is allowed.
+	sl.validationScheme = model.UTF8Validation
+
+	slApp = sl.appender(ctx)
+	total, added, seriesAdded, err = sl.append(slApp, []byte("{\"test.metric\"} 1\n"), "", time.Time{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, total)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, added)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, seriesAdded)
+}
+
 func makeTestMetrics(n int) []byte {
 	// Construct a metrics string to parse
 	sb := bytes.Buffer{}
diff --git a/storage/remote/write_handler.go b/storage/remote/write_handler.go
index 9ea3f2bf9..58fb668cc 100644
--- a/storage/remote/write_handler.go
+++ b/storage/remote/write_handler.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/golang/snappy"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/exemplar"
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ func (h *writeHandler) write(ctx context.Context, req *prompb.WriteRequest) (err
 
 		// TODO(bwplotka): Even as per 1.0 spec, this should be a 400 error, while other samples are
 		// potentially written. Perhaps unify with fixed writeV2 implementation a bit.
-		if !ls.Has(labels.MetricName) || !ls.IsValid() {
+		if !ls.Has(labels.MetricName) || !ls.IsValid(model.NameValidationScheme) {
 			level.Warn(h.logger).Log("msg", "Invalid metric names or labels", "got", ls.String())
 			samplesWithInvalidLabels++
 			continue
@@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ func (h *writeHandler) appendV2(app storage.Appender, req *writev2.Request, rs *
 		// Validate series labels early.
 		// NOTE(bwplotka): While spec allows UTF-8, Prometheus Receiver may impose
 		// specific limits and follow https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/remote_write_spec_2_0/#invalid-samples case.
-		if !ls.Has(labels.MetricName) || !ls.IsValid() {
+		if !ls.Has(labels.MetricName) || !ls.IsValid(model.NameValidationScheme) {
 			badRequestErrs = append(badRequestErrs, fmt.Errorf("invalid metric name or labels, got %v", ls.String()))
 			samplesWithInvalidLabels += len(ts.Samples) + len(ts.Histograms)
 			continue

From c586c15ae6a0fdb4d02abb9b850bcfedb44644e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Nov 2023 11:41:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 145/180] fix(discovery): make discovery manager notify
 consumers of dropped targets for still defined jobs

scrape/manager_test.go: add a test to check that the manager gets notified
for targets that got dropped by discovery to reproduce: https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/12858#issuecomment-1732318102

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
---
 discovery/manager.go      |  41 ++--
 discovery/manager_test.go |   5 +-
 scrape/manager.go         |   2 +-
 scrape/manager_test.go    | 413 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 446 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/discovery/manager.go b/discovery/manager.go
index 48bea85bb..b7ebdb7e0 100644
--- a/discovery/manager.go
+++ b/discovery/manager.go
@@ -212,9 +212,7 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyConfig(cfg map[string]Configs) error {
 	m.metrics.FailedConfigs.Set(float64(failedCount))
 
 	var (
-		wg sync.WaitGroup
-		// keep shows if we keep any providers after reload.
-		keep         bool
+		wg           sync.WaitGroup
 		newProviders []*Provider
 	)
 	for _, prov := range m.providers {
@@ -228,13 +226,12 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyConfig(cfg map[string]Configs) error {
 			continue
 		}
 		newProviders = append(newProviders, prov)
-		// refTargets keeps reference targets used to populate new subs' targets
+		// refTargets keeps reference targets used to populate new subs' targets as they should be the same.
 		var refTargets map[string]*targetgroup.Group
 		prov.mu.Lock()
 
 		m.targetsMtx.Lock()
 		for s := range prov.subs {
-			keep = true
 			refTargets = m.targets[poolKey{s, prov.name}]
 			// Remove obsolete subs' targets.
 			if _, ok := prov.newSubs[s]; !ok {
@@ -267,7 +264,9 @@ func (m *Manager) ApplyConfig(cfg map[string]Configs) error {
 	// While startProvider does pull the trigger, it may take some time to do so, therefore
 	// we pull the trigger as soon as possible so that downstream managers can populate their state.
 	// See https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/8639 for details.
-	if keep {
+	// This also helps making the downstream managers drop stale targets as soon as possible.
+	// See https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/13147 for details.
+	if len(m.providers) > 0 {
 		select {
 		case m.triggerSend <- struct{}{}:
 		default:
@@ -288,7 +287,9 @@ func (m *Manager) StartCustomProvider(ctx context.Context, name string, worker D
 			name: {},
 		},
 	}
+	m.mtx.Lock()
 	m.providers = append(m.providers, p)
+	m.mtx.Unlock()
 	m.startProvider(ctx, p)
 }
 
@@ -403,19 +404,33 @@ func (m *Manager) allGroups() map[string][]*targetgroup.Group {
 	tSets := map[string][]*targetgroup.Group{}
 	n := map[string]int{}
 
+	m.mtx.RLock()
 	m.targetsMtx.Lock()
-	defer m.targetsMtx.Unlock()
-	for pkey, tsets := range m.targets {
-		for _, tg := range tsets {
-			// Even if the target group 'tg' is empty we still need to send it to the 'Scrape manager'
-			// to signal that it needs to stop all scrape loops for this target set.
-			tSets[pkey.setName] = append(tSets[pkey.setName], tg)
-			n[pkey.setName] += len(tg.Targets)
+	for _, p := range m.providers {
+		p.mu.RLock()
+		for s := range p.subs {
+			// Send empty lists for subs without any targets to make sure old stale targets are dropped by consumers.
+			// See: https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/12858 for details.
+			if _, ok := tSets[s]; !ok {
+				tSets[s] = []*targetgroup.Group{}
+				n[s] = 0
+			}
+			if tsets, ok := m.targets[poolKey{s, p.name}]; ok {
+				for _, tg := range tsets {
+					tSets[s] = append(tSets[s], tg)
+					n[s] += len(tg.Targets)
+				}
+			}
 		}
+		p.mu.RUnlock()
 	}
+	m.targetsMtx.Unlock()
+	m.mtx.RUnlock()
+
 	for setName, v := range n {
 		m.metrics.DiscoveredTargets.WithLabelValues(setName).Set(float64(v))
 	}
+
 	return tSets
 }
 
diff --git a/discovery/manager_test.go b/discovery/manager_test.go
index be07edbdb..707c3931d 100644
--- a/discovery/manager_test.go
+++ b/discovery/manager_test.go
@@ -939,11 +939,13 @@ func TestTargetSetTargetGroupsPresentOnConfigChange(t *testing.T) {
 	discoveryManager.ApplyConfig(c)
 
 	// Original targets should be present as soon as possible.
+	// An empty list should be sent for prometheus2 to drop any stale targets
 	syncedTargets = <-discoveryManager.SyncCh()
 	mu.Unlock()
-	require.Len(t, syncedTargets, 1)
+	require.Len(t, syncedTargets, 2)
 	verifySyncedPresence(t, syncedTargets, "prometheus", "{__address__=\"foo:9090\"}", true)
 	require.Len(t, syncedTargets["prometheus"], 1)
+	require.Empty(t, syncedTargets["prometheus2"])
 
 	// prometheus2 configs should be ready on second sync.
 	syncedTargets = <-discoveryManager.SyncCh()
@@ -1275,6 +1277,7 @@ func TestCoordinationWithReceiver(t *testing.T) {
 								Targets: []model.LabelSet{{"__instance__": "1"}},
 							},
 						},
+						"mock1": {},
 					},
 				},
 				{
diff --git a/scrape/manager.go b/scrape/manager.go
index 6d4e8707b..e3dba5f0e 100644
--- a/scrape/manager.go
+++ b/scrape/manager.go
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ func (m *Manager) UnregisterMetrics() {
 
 func (m *Manager) reloader() {
 	reloadIntervalDuration := m.opts.DiscoveryReloadInterval
-	if reloadIntervalDuration < model.Duration(5*time.Second) {
+	if reloadIntervalDuration == model.Duration(0) {
 		reloadIntervalDuration = model.Duration(5 * time.Second)
 	}
 
diff --git a/scrape/manager_test.go b/scrape/manager_test.go
index c8d9bd698..a2a3bba6f 100644
--- a/scrape/manager_test.go
+++ b/scrape/manager_test.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
+	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery"
+	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/file"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/targetgroup"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/relabel"
@@ -869,3 +871,414 @@ func TestUnregisterMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 		manager.UnregisterMetrics()
 	}
 }
+
+func applyConfig(
+	t *testing.T,
+	config string,
+	scrapeManager *Manager,
+	discoveryManager *discovery.Manager,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cfg := loadConfiguration(t, config)
+	require.NoError(t, scrapeManager.ApplyConfig(cfg))
+
+	c := make(map[string]discovery.Configs)
+	scfgs, err := cfg.GetScrapeConfigs()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, v := range scfgs {
+		c[v.JobName] = v.ServiceDiscoveryConfigs
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, discoveryManager.ApplyConfig(c))
+}
+
+func runManagers(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context) (*discovery.Manager, *Manager) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	reg := prometheus.NewRegistry()
+	sdMetrics, err := discovery.RegisterSDMetrics(reg, discovery.NewRefreshMetrics(reg))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	discoveryManager := discovery.NewManager(
+		ctx,
+		log.NewNopLogger(),
+		reg,
+		sdMetrics,
+		discovery.Updatert(100*time.Millisecond),
+	)
+	scrapeManager, err := NewManager(
+		&Options{DiscoveryReloadInterval: model.Duration(100 * time.Millisecond)},
+		nil,
+		nopAppendable{},
+		prometheus.NewRegistry(),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	go discoveryManager.Run()
+	go scrapeManager.Run(discoveryManager.SyncCh())
+	return discoveryManager, scrapeManager
+}
+
+func writeIntoFile(t *testing.T, content, filePattern string) *os.File {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	file, err := os.CreateTemp("", filePattern)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = file.WriteString(content)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return file
+}
+
+func requireTargets(
+	t *testing.T,
+	scrapeManager *Manager,
+	jobName string,
+	waitToAppear bool,
+	expectedTargets []string,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		targets, ok := scrapeManager.TargetsActive()[jobName]
+		if !ok {
+			if waitToAppear {
+				return false
+			}
+			t.Fatalf("job %s shouldn't be dropped", jobName)
+		}
+		if expectedTargets == nil {
+			return targets == nil
+		}
+		if len(targets) != len(expectedTargets) {
+			return false
+		}
+		sTargets := []string{}
+		for _, t := range targets {
+			sTargets = append(sTargets, t.String())
+		}
+		sort.Strings(expectedTargets)
+		sort.Strings(sTargets)
+		for i, t := range sTargets {
+			if t != expectedTargets[i] {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	}, 1*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+// TestTargetDisappearsAfterProviderRemoved makes sure that when a provider is dropped, (only) its targets are dropped.
+func TestTargetDisappearsAfterProviderRemoved(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	myJob := "my-job"
+	myJobSDTargetURL := "my:9876"
+	myJobStaticTargetURL := "my:5432"
+
+	sdFileContent := fmt.Sprintf(`[{"targets": ["%s"]}]`, myJobSDTargetURL)
+	sDFile := writeIntoFile(t, sdFileContent, "*targets.json")
+
+	baseConfig := `
+scrape_configs:
+- job_name: %s
+  static_configs:
+  - targets: ['%s']
+  file_sd_configs:
+  - files: ['%s']
+`
+
+	discoveryManager, scrapeManager := runManagers(t, ctx)
+	defer scrapeManager.Stop()
+
+	applyConfig(
+		t,
+		fmt.Sprintf(
+			baseConfig,
+			myJob,
+			myJobStaticTargetURL,
+			sDFile.Name(),
+		),
+		scrapeManager,
+		discoveryManager,
+	)
+	// Make sure the jobs targets are taken into account
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		myJob,
+		true,
+		[]string{
+			fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", myJobSDTargetURL),
+			fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", myJobStaticTargetURL),
+		},
+	)
+
+	// Apply a new config where a provider is removed
+	baseConfig = `
+scrape_configs:
+- job_name: %s
+  static_configs:
+  - targets: ['%s']
+`
+	applyConfig(
+		t,
+		fmt.Sprintf(
+			baseConfig,
+			myJob,
+			myJobStaticTargetURL,
+		),
+		scrapeManager,
+		discoveryManager,
+	)
+	// Make sure the corresponding target was dropped
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		myJob,
+		false,
+		[]string{
+			fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", myJobStaticTargetURL),
+		},
+	)
+
+	// Apply a new config with no providers
+	baseConfig = `
+scrape_configs:
+- job_name: %s
+`
+	applyConfig(
+		t,
+		fmt.Sprintf(
+			baseConfig,
+			myJob,
+		),
+		scrapeManager,
+		discoveryManager,
+	)
+	// Make sure the corresponding target was dropped
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		myJob,
+		false,
+		nil,
+	)
+}
+
+// TestOnlyProviderStaleTargetsAreDropped makes sure that when a job has only one provider with multiple targets
+// and when the provider can no longer discover some of those targets, only those stale targets are dropped.
+func TestOnlyProviderStaleTargetsAreDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	jobName := "my-job"
+	jobTarget1URL := "foo:9876"
+	jobTarget2URL := "foo:5432"
+
+	sdFile1Content := fmt.Sprintf(`[{"targets": ["%s"]}]`, jobTarget1URL)
+	sdFile2Content := fmt.Sprintf(`[{"targets": ["%s"]}]`, jobTarget2URL)
+	sDFile1 := writeIntoFile(t, sdFile1Content, "*targets.json")
+	sDFile2 := writeIntoFile(t, sdFile2Content, "*targets.json")
+
+	baseConfig := `
+scrape_configs:
+- job_name: %s
+  file_sd_configs:
+  - files: ['%s', '%s']
+`
+	discoveryManager, scrapeManager := runManagers(t, ctx)
+	defer scrapeManager.Stop()
+
+	applyConfig(
+		t,
+		fmt.Sprintf(baseConfig, jobName, sDFile1.Name(), sDFile2.Name()),
+		scrapeManager,
+		discoveryManager,
+	)
+
+	// Make sure the job's targets are taken into account
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		jobName,
+		true,
+		[]string{
+			fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", jobTarget1URL),
+			fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", jobTarget2URL),
+		},
+	)
+
+	// Apply the same config for the same job but with a non existing file to make the provider
+	// unable to discover some targets
+	applyConfig(
+		t,
+		fmt.Sprintf(baseConfig, jobName, sDFile1.Name(), "/idontexistdoi.json"),
+		scrapeManager,
+		discoveryManager,
+	)
+
+	// The old target should get dropped
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		jobName,
+		false,
+		[]string{fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", jobTarget1URL)},
+	)
+}
+
+// TestProviderStaleTargetsAreDropped makes sure that when a job has only one provider and when that provider
+// should no longer discover targets, the targets of that provider are dropped.
+// See: https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/12858
+func TestProviderStaleTargetsAreDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	jobName := "my-job"
+	jobTargetURL := "foo:9876"
+
+	sdFileContent := fmt.Sprintf(`[{"targets": ["%s"]}]`, jobTargetURL)
+	sDFile := writeIntoFile(t, sdFileContent, "*targets.json")
+
+	baseConfig := `
+scrape_configs:
+- job_name: %s
+  file_sd_configs:
+  - files: ['%s']
+`
+	discoveryManager, scrapeManager := runManagers(t, ctx)
+	defer scrapeManager.Stop()
+
+	applyConfig(
+		t,
+		fmt.Sprintf(baseConfig, jobName, sDFile.Name()),
+		scrapeManager,
+		discoveryManager,
+	)
+
+	// Make sure the job's targets are taken into account
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		jobName,
+		true,
+		[]string{
+			fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", jobTargetURL),
+		},
+	)
+
+	// Apply the same config for the same job but with a non existing file to make the provider
+	// unable to discover some targets
+	applyConfig(
+		t,
+		fmt.Sprintf(baseConfig, jobName, "/idontexistdoi.json"),
+		scrapeManager,
+		discoveryManager,
+	)
+
+	// The old target should get dropped
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		jobName,
+		false,
+		nil,
+	)
+}
+
+// TestOnlyStaleTargetsAreDropped makes sure that when a job has multiple providers, when aone of them should no,
+// longer discover targets, only the stale targets of that provier are dropped.
+func TestOnlyStaleTargetsAreDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	myJob := "my-job"
+	myJobSDTargetURL := "my:9876"
+	myJobStaticTargetURL := "my:5432"
+	otherJob := "other-job"
+	otherJobTargetURL := "other:1234"
+
+	sdFileContent := fmt.Sprintf(`[{"targets": ["%s"]}]`, myJobSDTargetURL)
+	sDFile := writeIntoFile(t, sdFileContent, "*targets.json")
+
+	baseConfig := `
+scrape_configs:
+- job_name: %s
+  static_configs:
+  - targets: ['%s']
+  file_sd_configs:
+  - files: ['%s']
+- job_name: %s
+  static_configs:
+  - targets: ['%s']
+`
+
+	discoveryManager, scrapeManager := runManagers(t, ctx)
+	defer scrapeManager.Stop()
+
+	// Apply the initial config with an existing file
+	applyConfig(
+		t,
+		fmt.Sprintf(
+			baseConfig,
+			myJob,
+			myJobStaticTargetURL,
+			sDFile.Name(),
+			otherJob,
+			otherJobTargetURL,
+		),
+		scrapeManager,
+		discoveryManager,
+	)
+	// Make sure the jobs targets are taken into account
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		myJob,
+		true,
+		[]string{
+			fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", myJobSDTargetURL),
+			fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", myJobStaticTargetURL),
+		},
+	)
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		otherJob,
+		true,
+		[]string{fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", otherJobTargetURL)},
+	)
+
+	// Apply the same config with a non existing file for myJob
+	applyConfig(
+		t,
+		fmt.Sprintf(
+			baseConfig,
+			myJob,
+			myJobStaticTargetURL,
+			"/idontexistdoi.json",
+			otherJob,
+			otherJobTargetURL,
+		),
+		scrapeManager,
+		discoveryManager,
+	)
+
+	// Only the SD target should get dropped for myJob
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		myJob,
+		false,
+		[]string{
+			fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", myJobStaticTargetURL),
+		},
+	)
+	// The otherJob should keep its target
+	requireTargets(
+		t,
+		scrapeManager,
+		otherJob,
+		false,
+		[]string{fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", otherJobTargetURL)},
+	)
+}

From 5bd898863790bd94d9f762443aa21b84c3ac23b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arthur Silva Sens <arthursens2005@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:40:17 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 146/180] Simplify 'TestManagerCTZeroIngestion' (#14756)

Signed-off-by: Arthur Silva Sens <arthursens2005@gmail.com>
---
 scrape/manager_test.go | 59 +++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scrape/manager_test.go b/scrape/manager_test.go
index a2a3bba6f..f260167b5 100644
--- a/scrape/manager_test.go
+++ b/scrape/manager_test.go
@@ -724,8 +724,6 @@ func TestManagerCTZeroIngestion(t *testing.T) {
 		name                  string
 		counterSample         *dto.Counter
 		enableCTZeroIngestion bool
-
-		expectedValues []float64
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "disabled with CT on counter",
@@ -734,7 +732,6 @@ func TestManagerCTZeroIngestion(t *testing.T) {
 				// Timestamp does not matter as long as it exists in this test.
 				CreatedTimestamp: timestamppb.Now(),
 			},
-			expectedValues: []float64{1.0},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "enabled with CT on counter",
@@ -744,7 +741,6 @@ func TestManagerCTZeroIngestion(t *testing.T) {
 				CreatedTimestamp: timestamppb.Now(),
 			},
 			enableCTZeroIngestion: true,
-			expectedValues:        []float64{0.0, 1.0},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "enabled without CT on counter",
@@ -752,7 +748,6 @@ func TestManagerCTZeroIngestion(t *testing.T) {
 				Value: proto.Float64(1.0),
 			},
 			enableCTZeroIngestion: true,
-			expectedValues:        []float64{1.0},
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -819,46 +814,44 @@ func TestManagerCTZeroIngestion(t *testing.T) {
 			})
 			scrapeManager.reload()
 
+			var got []float64
 			// Wait for one scrape.
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Minute)
 			defer cancel()
 			require.NoError(t, runutil.Retry(100*time.Millisecond, ctx.Done(), func() error {
-				if countFloatSamples(app, mName) != len(tc.expectedValues) {
-					return fmt.Errorf("expected %v samples", tc.expectedValues)
+				app.mtx.Lock()
+				defer app.mtx.Unlock()
+
+				// Check if scrape happened and grab the relevant samples, they have to be there - or it's a bug
+				// and it's not worth waiting.
+				for _, f := range app.resultFloats {
+					if f.metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel) == mName {
+						got = append(got, f.f)
+					}
 				}
-				return nil
+				if len(app.resultFloats) > 0 {
+					return nil
+				}
+				return fmt.Errorf("expected some samples, got none")
 			}), "after 1 minute")
 			scrapeManager.Stop()
 
-			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedValues, getResultFloats(app, mName))
+			// Check for zero samples, assuming we only injected always one sample.
+			// Did it contain CT to inject? If yes, was CT zero enabled?
+			if tc.counterSample.CreatedTimestamp.IsValid() && tc.enableCTZeroIngestion {
+				require.Len(t, got, 2)
+				require.Equal(t, 0.0, got[0])
+				require.Equal(t, tc.counterSample.GetValue(), got[1])
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Expect only one, valid sample.
+			require.Len(t, got, 1)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.counterSample.GetValue(), got[0])
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func countFloatSamples(a *collectResultAppender, expectedMetricName string) (count int) {
-	a.mtx.Lock()
-	defer a.mtx.Unlock()
-
-	for _, f := range a.resultFloats {
-		if f.metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel) == expectedMetricName {
-			count++
-		}
-	}
-	return count
-}
-
-func getResultFloats(app *collectResultAppender, expectedMetricName string) (result []float64) {
-	app.mtx.Lock()
-	defer app.mtx.Unlock()
-
-	for _, f := range app.resultFloats {
-		if f.metric.Get(model.MetricNameLabel) == expectedMetricName {
-			result = append(result, f.f)
-		}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
 func TestUnregisterMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	reg := prometheus.NewRegistry()
 	// Check that all metrics can be unregistered, allowing a second manager to be created.

From ed2e18d7deb1abee96d68da3c03c6e0e67d7ed43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julien Pivotto <roidelapluie@o11y.eu>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 15:32:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 147/180] Add documentation for custom headers.

Signed-off-by: Julien Pivotto <roidelapluie@o11y.eu>
Signed-off-by: Julien <roidelapluie@o11y.eu>
---
 docs/configuration/configuration.md | 13 ++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/configuration/configuration.md b/docs/configuration/configuration.md
index cd1794dac..a42126cf2 100644
--- a/docs/configuration/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/configuration.md
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ global:
 
   # How frequently to evaluate rules.
   [ evaluation_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ]
-                        
+
   # Offset the rule evaluation timestamp of this particular group by the specified duration into the past to ensure the underlying metrics have been received.
   # Metric availability delays are more likely to occur when Prometheus is running as a remote write target, but can also occur when there's anomalies with scraping.
   [ rule_query_offset: <duration> | default = 0s ]
@@ -307,6 +307,17 @@ tls_config:
 [ proxy_connect_header:
   [ <string>: [<secret>, ...] ] ]
 
+# Custom HTTP headers to be sent along with each request.
+# Headers that are set by Prometheus itself can't be overwritten.
+http_headers:
+  # Header name.
+  [ <string>:
+    # Header values.
+    [ values: [<string>, ...] ]
+    # Headers values. Hidden in configuration page.
+    [ secrets: [<secret>, ...] ]
+    # Files to read header values from.
+    [ files: [<string>, ...] ] ]
 
 # List of Azure service discovery configurations.
 azure_sd_configs:

From 838e49e7b8dfc05967bf4ddc95025550b80cd5cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2024 16:57:43 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 148/180] [REFACTOR] TSDB: move chunkFromSeries from
 headChunkReader to head

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/head_read.go | 16 ++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/head_read.go b/tsdb/head_read.go
index 24d75f9c7..780eaa669 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_read.go
@@ -376,12 +376,12 @@ func (h *headChunkReader) chunk(meta chunks.Meta, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.
 
 	s.Lock()
 	defer s.Unlock()
-	return h.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, copyLastChunk)
+	return h.head.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, h.mint, h.maxt, h.isoState, copyLastChunk)
 }
 
 // Call with s locked.
-func (h *headChunkReader) chunkFromSeries(s *memSeries, cid chunks.HeadChunkID, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.Chunk, int64, error) {
-	c, headChunk, isOpen, err := s.chunk(cid, h.head.chunkDiskMapper, &h.head.memChunkPool)
+func (h *Head) chunkFromSeries(s *memSeries, cid chunks.HeadChunkID, mint, maxt int64, isoState *isolationState, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.Chunk, int64, error) {
+	c, headChunk, isOpen, err := s.chunk(cid, h.chunkDiskMapper, &h.memChunkPool)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
@@ -390,12 +390,12 @@ func (h *headChunkReader) chunkFromSeries(s *memSeries, cid chunks.HeadChunkID,
 			// Set this to nil so that Go GC can collect it after it has been used.
 			c.chunk = nil
 			c.prev = nil
-			h.head.memChunkPool.Put(c)
+			h.memChunkPool.Put(c)
 		}
 	}()
 
 	// This means that the chunk is outside the specified range.
-	if !c.OverlapsClosedInterval(h.mint, h.maxt) {
+	if !c.OverlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt) {
 		return nil, 0, storage.ErrNotFound
 	}
 
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ func (h *headChunkReader) chunkFromSeries(s *memSeries, cid chunks.HeadChunkID,
 		newB := make([]byte, len(b))
 		copy(newB, b) // TODO(codesome): Use bytes.Clone() when we upgrade to Go 1.20.
 		// TODO(codesome): Put back in the pool (non-trivial).
-		chk, err = h.head.opts.ChunkPool.Get(s.headChunks.chunk.Encoding(), newB)
+		chk, err = h.opts.ChunkPool.Get(s.headChunks.chunk.Encoding(), newB)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, 0, err
 		}
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ func (h *headChunkReader) chunkFromSeries(s *memSeries, cid chunks.HeadChunkID,
 		Chunk:    chk,
 		s:        s,
 		cid:      cid,
-		isoState: h.isoState,
+		isoState: isoState,
 	}, maxTime, nil
 }
 
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ func (s *memSeries) mergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper,
 		case c.ref == 0: // This is an in-order head chunk.
 			_, cid := chunks.HeadChunkRef(c.meta.Ref).Unpack()
 			var err error
-			iterable, _, err = hr.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, false)
+			iterable, _, err = hr.head.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, hr.mint, hr.maxt, hr.isoState, false)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid head chunk: %w", err)
 			}

From cde42f30e9c91a23458661ee33d47f828fa63b43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2024 17:10:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 149/180] TSDB: streamline reading of overlapping head chunks

`getOOOSeriesChunks` was already finding sets of overlapping chunks; we
store those in a `multiMeta` struct so that `ChunkOrIterable` can
reconstruct an `Iterable` easily and predictably.

We no longer need a `MergeOOO` flag to indicate that this Meta should
be merged with other ones; this is explicit in the `multiMeta` structure.

We also no longer need `chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef`.

Add `wrapOOOHeadChunk` to defeat `chunkenc.Pool` - chunks are reset
during compaction, but if we wrap them (like `safeHeadChunk` was doing
then this is skipped) .

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/chunks/chunks.go      |   3 -
 tsdb/head_read.go          | 101 ++++++--------------------
 tsdb/ooo_head_read.go      | 143 +++++++++++++++++++------------------
 tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go |  97 ++-----------------------
 4 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 246 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/chunks/chunks.go b/tsdb/chunks/chunks.go
index 69201c6db..ec0f6d403 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunks/chunks.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunks/chunks.go
@@ -133,9 +133,6 @@ type Meta struct {
 	// Time range the data covers.
 	// When MaxTime == math.MaxInt64 the chunk is still open and being appended to.
 	MinTime, MaxTime int64
-
-	// Flag to indicate that this meta needs merge with OOO data.
-	MergeOOO bool
 }
 
 // ChunkFromSamples requires all samples to have the same type.
diff --git a/tsdb/head_read.go b/tsdb/head_read.go
index 780eaa669..d81ffbb6a 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_read.go
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ func (h *headChunkReader) ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Ch
 // If copyLastChunk is true, then it makes a copy of the head chunk if asked for it.
 // Also returns max time of the chunk.
 func (h *headChunkReader) chunk(meta chunks.Meta, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.Chunk, int64, error) {
-	sid, cid := chunks.HeadChunkRef(meta.Ref).Unpack()
+	sid, cid, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
 
 	s := h.head.series.getByID(sid)
 	// This means that the series has been garbage collected.
@@ -376,11 +376,20 @@ func (h *headChunkReader) chunk(meta chunks.Meta, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.
 
 	s.Lock()
 	defer s.Unlock()
-	return h.head.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, h.mint, h.maxt, h.isoState, copyLastChunk)
+	return h.head.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, isOOO, h.mint, h.maxt, h.isoState, copyLastChunk)
+}
+
+// Dumb thing to defeat chunk pool.
+type wrapOOOHeadChunk struct {
+	chunkenc.Chunk
 }
 
 // Call with s locked.
-func (h *Head) chunkFromSeries(s *memSeries, cid chunks.HeadChunkID, mint, maxt int64, isoState *isolationState, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.Chunk, int64, error) {
+func (h *Head) chunkFromSeries(s *memSeries, cid chunks.HeadChunkID, isOOO bool, mint, maxt int64, isoState *isolationState, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.Chunk, int64, error) {
+	if isOOO {
+		chk, maxTime, err := s.oooChunk(cid, h.chunkDiskMapper, &h.memChunkPool)
+		return wrapOOOHeadChunk{chk}, maxTime, err
+	}
 	c, headChunk, isOpen, err := s.chunk(cid, h.chunkDiskMapper, &h.memChunkPool)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
@@ -481,85 +490,19 @@ func (s *memSeries) chunk(id chunks.HeadChunkID, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDi
 	return elem, true, offset == 0, nil
 }
 
-// mergedChunks return an iterable over all chunks that overlap the
-// time window [mint,maxt], plus meta.Chunk if populated.
-// If hr is non-nil then in-order chunks are included.
-// This function is not thread safe unless the caller holds a lock.
-// The caller must ensure that s.ooo is not nil.
-func (s *memSeries) mergedChunks(meta chunks.Meta, cdm *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, hr *headChunkReader, mint, maxt int64, maxMmapRef chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef) (chunkenc.Iterable, error) {
-	// We create a temporary slice of chunk metas to hold the information of all
-	// possible chunks that may overlap with the requested chunk.
-	tmpChks := make([]chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef, 0, len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks)+1)
+// oooChunk returns the chunk for the HeadChunkID by m-mapping it from the disk.
+// It never returns the head OOO chunk.
+func (s *memSeries) oooChunk(id chunks.HeadChunkID, chunkDiskMapper *chunks.ChunkDiskMapper, memChunkPool *sync.Pool) (chunk chunkenc.Chunk, maxTime int64, err error) {
+	// ix represents the index of chunk in the s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks slice. The chunk id's are
+	// incremented by 1 when new chunk is created, hence (id - firstOOOChunkID) gives the slice index.
+	ix := int(id) - int(s.ooo.firstOOOChunkID)
 
-	for i, c := range s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks {
-		if maxMmapRef != 0 && c.ref > maxMmapRef {
-			break
-		}
-		if c.OverlapsClosedInterval(mint, maxt) {
-			tmpChks = append(tmpChks, chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{
-				meta: chunks.Meta{
-					MinTime: c.minTime,
-					MaxTime: c.maxTime,
-					Ref:     chunks.ChunkRef(chunks.NewHeadChunkRef(s.ref, s.oooHeadChunkID(i))),
-				},
-				ref: c.ref,
-			})
-		}
-	}
-	// Add in data copied from the head OOO chunk.
-	if meta.Chunk != nil {
-		tmpChks = append(tmpChks, chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{meta: meta})
+	if ix < 0 || ix >= len(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks) {
+		return nil, 0, storage.ErrNotFound
 	}
 
-	if hr != nil { // Include in-order chunks.
-		metas := appendSeriesChunks(s, max(meta.MinTime, mint), min(meta.MaxTime, maxt), nil)
-		for _, m := range metas {
-			tmpChks = append(tmpChks, chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{
-				meta: m,
-				ref:  0, // This tells the loop below it's an in-order head chunk.
-			})
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Next we want to sort all the collected chunks by min time so we can find
-	// those that overlap and stop when we know the rest don't.
-	slices.SortFunc(tmpChks, refLessByMinTimeAndMinRef)
-
-	mc := &mergedOOOChunks{}
-	absoluteMax := int64(math.MinInt64)
-	for _, c := range tmpChks {
-		if c.meta.Ref != meta.Ref && (len(mc.chunkIterables) == 0 || c.meta.MinTime > absoluteMax) {
-			continue
-		}
-		var iterable chunkenc.Iterable
-		switch {
-		case c.meta.Chunk != nil:
-			iterable = c.meta.Chunk
-		case c.ref == 0: // This is an in-order head chunk.
-			_, cid := chunks.HeadChunkRef(c.meta.Ref).Unpack()
-			var err error
-			iterable, _, err = hr.head.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, hr.mint, hr.maxt, hr.isoState, false)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid head chunk: %w", err)
-			}
-		default:
-			chk, err := cdm.Chunk(c.ref)
-			if err != nil {
-				var cerr *chunks.CorruptionErr
-				if errors.As(err, &cerr) {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid ooo mmapped chunk: %w", err)
-				}
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			iterable = chk
-		}
-		mc.chunkIterables = append(mc.chunkIterables, iterable)
-		if c.meta.MaxTime > absoluteMax {
-			absoluteMax = c.meta.MaxTime
-		}
-	}
-
-	return mc, nil
+	chk, err := chunkDiskMapper.Chunk(s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks[ix].ref)
+	return chk, s.ooo.oooMmappedChunks[ix].maxTime, err
 }
 
 // safeHeadChunk makes sure that the chunk can be accessed without a race condition.
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
index a50decd62..7b58ec566 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package tsdb
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"slices"
 
@@ -91,11 +92,10 @@ func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmap
 
 	addChunk := func(minT, maxT int64, ref chunks.ChunkRef, chunk chunkenc.Chunk) {
 		tmpChks = append(tmpChks, chunks.Meta{
-			MinTime:  minT,
-			MaxTime:  maxT,
-			Ref:      ref,
-			Chunk:    chunk,
-			MergeOOO: true,
+			MinTime: minT,
+			MaxTime: maxT,
+			Ref:     ref,
+			Chunk:   chunk,
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -140,34 +140,39 @@ func getOOOSeriesChunks(s *memSeries, mint, maxt int64, lastGarbageCollectedMmap
 	// those that overlap.
 	slices.SortFunc(tmpChks, lessByMinTimeAndMinRef)
 
-	// Next we want to iterate the sorted collected chunks and only return the
-	// chunks Meta the first chunk that overlaps with others.
+	// Next we want to iterate the sorted collected chunks and return composites for chunks that overlap with others.
 	// Example chunks of a series: 5:(100, 200) 6:(500, 600) 7:(150, 250) 8:(550, 650)
-	// In the example 5 overlaps with 7 and 6 overlaps with 8 so we only want to
-	// return chunk Metas for chunk 5 and chunk 6e
-	*chks = append(*chks, tmpChks[0])
-	maxTime := tmpChks[0].MaxTime // Tracks the maxTime of the previous "to be merged chunk".
+	// In the example 5 overlaps with 7 and 6 overlaps with 8 so we will return
+	// [5,7], [6,8].
+	toBeMerged := tmpChks[0]
 	for _, c := range tmpChks[1:] {
-		switch {
-		case c.MinTime > maxTime:
-			*chks = append(*chks, c)
-			maxTime = c.MaxTime
-		case c.MaxTime > maxTime:
-			maxTime = c.MaxTime
-			(*chks)[len(*chks)-1].MaxTime = c.MaxTime
-			fallthrough
-		default:
-			// If the head OOO chunk is part of an output chunk, copy the chunk pointer.
-			if c.Chunk != nil {
-				(*chks)[len(*chks)-1].Chunk = c.Chunk
+		if c.MinTime > toBeMerged.MaxTime {
+			// This chunk doesn't overlap. Send current toBeMerged to output and start a new one.
+			*chks = append(*chks, toBeMerged)
+			toBeMerged = c
+		} else {
+			// Merge this chunk with existing toBeMerged.
+			if mm, ok := toBeMerged.Chunk.(*multiMeta); ok {
+				mm.metas = append(mm.metas, c)
+			} else {
+				toBeMerged.Chunk = &multiMeta{metas: []chunks.Meta{toBeMerged, c}}
+			}
+			if toBeMerged.MaxTime < c.MaxTime {
+				toBeMerged.MaxTime = c.MaxTime
 			}
-			(*chks)[len(*chks)-1].MergeOOO = (*chks)[len(*chks)-1].MergeOOO || c.MergeOOO
 		}
 	}
+	*chks = append(*chks, toBeMerged)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Fake Chunk object to pass a set of Metas inside Meta.Chunk.
+type multiMeta struct {
+	chunkenc.Chunk // We don't expect any of the methods to be called.
+	metas          []chunks.Meta
+}
+
 // LabelValues needs to be overridden from the headIndexReader implementation
 // so we can return labels within either in-order range or ooo range.
 func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, name string, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, error) {
@@ -182,29 +187,6 @@ func (oh *HeadAndOOOIndexReader) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, name string, m
 	return labelValuesWithMatchers(ctx, oh, name, matchers...)
 }
 
-type chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef struct {
-	meta chunks.Meta
-	ref  chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef
-}
-
-func refLessByMinTimeAndMinRef(a, b chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef) int {
-	switch {
-	case a.meta.MinTime < b.meta.MinTime:
-		return -1
-	case a.meta.MinTime > b.meta.MinTime:
-		return 1
-	}
-
-	switch {
-	case a.meta.Ref < b.meta.Ref:
-		return -1
-	case a.meta.Ref > b.meta.Ref:
-		return 1
-	default:
-		return 0
-	}
-}
-
 func lessByMinTimeAndMinRef(a, b chunks.Meta) int {
 	switch {
 	case a.MinTime < b.MinTime:
@@ -243,36 +225,55 @@ func NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(head *Head, mint, maxt int64, cr *headChunkReader,
 }
 
 func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, error) {
-	sid, _, _ := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
-	if !meta.MergeOOO {
-		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
-	}
-
-	s := cr.head.series.getByID(sid)
-	// This means that the series has been garbage collected.
-	if s == nil {
-		return nil, nil, storage.ErrNotFound
-	}
-
-	s.Lock()
-	if s.ooo == nil { // Must have s.ooo non-nil to call mergedChunks().
-		s.Unlock()
-		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
-	}
-	mc, err := s.mergedChunks(meta, cr.head.chunkDiskMapper, cr.cr, cr.mint, cr.maxt, cr.maxMmapRef)
-	s.Unlock()
-
-	return nil, mc, err
+	c, it, _, err := cr.chunkOrIterable(meta, false)
+	return c, it, err
 }
 
 // ChunkOrIterableWithCopy implements ChunkReaderWithCopy. The special Copy
 // behaviour is only implemented for the in-order head chunk.
 func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta chunks.Meta) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, int64, error) {
-	if !meta.MergeOOO {
-		return cr.cr.ChunkOrIterableWithCopy(meta)
+	return cr.chunkOrIterable(meta, true)
+}
+
+func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) chunkOrIterable(meta chunks.Meta, copyLastChunk bool) (chunkenc.Chunk, chunkenc.Iterable, int64, error) {
+	sid, cid, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(meta.Ref)
+	s := cr.head.series.getByID(sid)
+	// This means that the series has been garbage collected.
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil, nil, 0, storage.ErrNotFound
 	}
-	chk, iter, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(meta)
-	return chk, iter, 0, err
+	var isoState *isolationState
+	if cr.cr != nil {
+		isoState = cr.cr.isoState
+	}
+
+	s.Lock()
+	defer s.Unlock()
+
+	if meta.Chunk == nil {
+		c, maxt, err := cr.head.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, isOOO, meta.MinTime, meta.MaxTime, isoState, copyLastChunk)
+		return c, nil, maxt, err
+	}
+	mm, ok := meta.Chunk.(*multiMeta)
+	if !ok { // Complete chunk was supplied.
+		return meta.Chunk, nil, meta.MaxTime, nil
+	}
+	// We have a composite meta: construct a composite iterable.
+	mc := &mergedOOOChunks{}
+	for _, m := range mm.metas {
+		switch {
+		case m.Chunk != nil:
+			mc.chunkIterables = append(mc.chunkIterables, m.Chunk)
+		default:
+			_, cid, isOOO := unpackHeadChunkRef(m.Ref)
+			iterable, _, err := cr.head.chunkFromSeries(s, cid, isOOO, m.MinTime, m.MaxTime, isoState, copyLastChunk)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid head chunk: %w", err)
+			}
+			mc.chunkIterables = append(mc.chunkIterables, iterable)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, mc, meta.MaxTime, nil
 }
 
 func (cr *HeadAndOOOChunkReader) Close() error {
diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
index e565933f8..545bc7b6e 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
@@ -308,10 +308,9 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 					var expChunks []chunks.Meta
 					for _, e := range tc.expChunks {
 						meta := chunks.Meta{
-							Chunk:    chunkenc.Chunk(nil),
-							MinTime:  e.mint,
-							MaxTime:  e.maxt,
-							MergeOOO: true, // Only OOO chunks are tested here, so we always request merge from OOO head.
+							Chunk:   chunkenc.Chunk(nil),
+							MinTime: e.mint,
+							MaxTime: e.maxt,
 						}
 
 						// Ref to whatever Ref the chunk has, that we refer to by ID
@@ -485,7 +484,7 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 		cr := NewHeadAndOOOChunkReader(db.head, 0, 1000, nil, nil, 0)
 		defer cr.Close()
 		c, iterable, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(chunks.Meta{
-			Ref: 0x1800000, Chunk: chunkenc.Chunk(nil), MinTime: 100, MaxTime: 300, MergeOOO: true,
+			Ref: 0x1800000, Chunk: chunkenc.Chunk(nil), MinTime: 100, MaxTime: 300,
 		})
 		require.Nil(t, iterable)
 		require.Equal(t, err, fmt.Errorf("not found"))
@@ -1030,94 +1029,6 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk_ConsistentQueryResponseDespiteOfHeadExpanding(
 	}
 }
 
-// TestSortByMinTimeAndMinRef tests that the sort function for chunk metas does sort
-// by chunk meta MinTime and in case of same references by the lower reference.
-func TestSortByMinTimeAndMinRef(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name  string
-		input []chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef
-		exp   []chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "chunks are ordered by min time",
-			input: []chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{
-				{
-					meta: chunks.Meta{
-						Ref:     0,
-						MinTime: 0,
-					},
-					ref: chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef(0),
-				},
-				{
-					meta: chunks.Meta{
-						Ref:     1,
-						MinTime: 1,
-					},
-					ref: chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef(1),
-				},
-			},
-			exp: []chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{
-				{
-					meta: chunks.Meta{
-						Ref:     0,
-						MinTime: 0,
-					},
-					ref: chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef(0),
-				},
-				{
-					meta: chunks.Meta{
-						Ref:     1,
-						MinTime: 1,
-					},
-					ref: chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef(1),
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "if same mintime, lower reference goes first",
-			input: []chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{
-				{
-					meta: chunks.Meta{
-						Ref:     10,
-						MinTime: 0,
-					},
-					ref: chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef(0),
-				},
-				{
-					meta: chunks.Meta{
-						Ref:     5,
-						MinTime: 0,
-					},
-					ref: chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef(1),
-				},
-			},
-			exp: []chunkMetaAndChunkDiskMapperRef{
-				{
-					meta: chunks.Meta{
-						Ref:     5,
-						MinTime: 0,
-					},
-					ref: chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef(1),
-				},
-				{
-					meta: chunks.Meta{
-						Ref:     10,
-						MinTime: 0,
-					},
-					ref: chunks.ChunkDiskMapperRef(0),
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("name=%s", tc.name), func(t *testing.T) {
-			slices.SortFunc(tc.input, refLessByMinTimeAndMinRef)
-			require.Equal(t, tc.exp, tc.input)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 // TestSortMetaByMinTimeAndMinRef tests that the sort function for chunk metas does sort
 // by chunk meta MinTime and in case of same references by the lower reference.
 func TestSortMetaByMinTimeAndMinRef(t *testing.T) {

From 1f38ae7bca8471e90a6fa227cd4cd567e25952c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Aug 2024 16:50:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 150/180] [TESTS] TSDB: fix up OOO tests for new Series
 behaviour

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go | 112 +++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 69 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
index 545bc7b6e..40e37043b 100644
--- a/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/ooo_head_read_test.go
@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ type chunkInterval struct {
 	maxt int64
 }
 
+type expChunk struct {
+	c chunkInterval
+	m []chunkInterval
+}
+
 // permutateChunkIntervals returns all possible orders of the given chunkIntervals.
 func permutateChunkIntervals(in []chunkInterval, out [][]chunkInterval, left, right int) [][]chunkInterval {
 	if left == right {
@@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 		queryMinT           int64
 		queryMaxT           int64
 		inputChunkIntervals []chunkInterval
-		expChunks           []chunkInterval
+		expChunks           []expChunk
 	}{
 		{
 			name:      "Empty result and no error when head is empty",
@@ -107,8 +112,8 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 			// ts                    0       100       150       200       250       300       350       400       450       500       550       600       650       700
 			// Query Interval                [-----------------------------------------------------------]
 			// Chunk 0:                                 [---------------------------------------]
-			expChunks: []chunkInterval{
-				{0, 150, 350},
+			expChunks: []expChunk{
+				{c: chunkInterval{0, 150, 350}},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -121,8 +126,8 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 			// ts                    0       100       150       200       250       300       350       400       450       500       550       600       650       700
 			// Query Interval:                          [---------------------------------------]
 			// Chunk 0:                       [-----------------------------------------------------------]
-			expChunks: []chunkInterval{
-				{0, 100, 400},
+			expChunks: []expChunk{
+				{c: chunkInterval{0, 100, 400}},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -142,9 +147,9 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 			// Chunk 2:                                  [-------------------]
 			// Chunk 3:                                                                                                                  [-------------------]
 			// Output Graphically              [-----------------------------]                                                 [-----------------------------]
-			expChunks: []chunkInterval{
-				{0, 100, 250},
-				{1, 500, 650},
+			expChunks: []expChunk{
+				{c: chunkInterval{0, 100, 250}, m: []chunkInterval{{0, 100, 200}, {2, 150, 250}}},
+				{c: chunkInterval{1, 500, 650}, m: []chunkInterval{{1, 500, 600}, {3, 550, 650}}},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -164,8 +169,8 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 			// Chunk 2:                                                                [-------------------]
 			// Chunk 3:                                                                                    [------------------]
 			// Output Graphically              [------------------------------------------------------------------------------]
-			expChunks: []chunkInterval{
-				{0, 100, 500},
+			expChunks: []expChunk{
+				{c: chunkInterval{0, 100, 500}, m: []chunkInterval{{0, 100, 200}, {1, 200, 300}, {2, 300, 400}, {3, 400, 500}}},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -185,11 +190,11 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 			// Chunk 2:                                                                [------------------]
 			// Chunk 3:                                                                                    [------------------]
 			// Output Graphically              [------------------][------------------][------------------][------------------]
-			expChunks: []chunkInterval{
-				{0, 100, 199},
-				{1, 200, 299},
-				{2, 300, 399},
-				{3, 400, 499},
+			expChunks: []expChunk{
+				{c: chunkInterval{0, 100, 199}},
+				{c: chunkInterval{1, 200, 299}},
+				{c: chunkInterval{2, 300, 399}},
+				{c: chunkInterval{3, 400, 499}},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -209,8 +214,8 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 			// Chunk 2:                                                     [------------------]
 			// Chunk 3:                                                                                             [------------------]
 			// Output Graphically              [-----------------------------------------------]
-			expChunks: []chunkInterval{
-				{0, 100, 350},
+			expChunks: []expChunk{
+				{c: chunkInterval{0, 100, 350}, m: []chunkInterval{{0, 100, 200}, {1, 150, 300}, {2, 250, 350}}},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -228,8 +233,8 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 			// Chunk 1:             [-----------------------------]
 			// Chunk 2:                                [------------------------------]
 			// Output Graphically   [-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------]
-			expChunks: []chunkInterval{
-				{1, 0, 500},
+			expChunks: []expChunk{
+				{c: chunkInterval{1, 0, 500}, m: []chunkInterval{{1, 0, 200}, {2, 150, 300}, {0, 250, 500}}},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -251,9 +256,9 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 			// Chunk 3:                                                                                                                                      [-------------------]
 			// Chunk 4:                                                                                                                             [---------------------------------------]
 			// Output Graphically              [---------------------------------------]                                                            [------------------------------------------------]
-			expChunks: []chunkInterval{
-				{0, 100, 300},
-				{4, 600, 850},
+			expChunks: []expChunk{
+				{c: chunkInterval{0, 100, 300}, m: []chunkInterval{{0, 100, 300}, {2, 150, 250}}},
+				{c: chunkInterval{4, 600, 850}, m: []chunkInterval{{4, 600, 800}, {3, 650, 750}, {1, 770, 850}}},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -271,10 +276,10 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 			// Chunk 1:                                                              [----------]
 			// Chunk 2:                                           [--------]
 			// Output Graphically              [-------]          [--------]         [----------]
-			expChunks: []chunkInterval{
-				{0, 100, 150},
-				{1, 300, 350},
-				{2, 200, 250},
+			expChunks: []expChunk{
+				{c: chunkInterval{0, 100, 150}},
+				{c: chunkInterval{2, 200, 250}},
+				{c: chunkInterval{1, 300, 350}},
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -305,24 +310,38 @@ func TestOOOHeadIndexReader_Series(t *testing.T) {
 					s1.ooo = &memSeriesOOOFields{}
 
 					// define our expected chunks, by looking at the expected ChunkIntervals and setting...
+					// Ref to whatever Ref the chunk has, that we refer to by ID
+					findID := func(id int) chunks.ChunkRef {
+						for ref, c := range intervals {
+							if c.ID == id {
+								return chunks.ChunkRef(chunks.NewHeadChunkRef(chunks.HeadSeriesRef(s1ID), s1.oooHeadChunkID(ref)))
+							}
+						}
+						return 0
+					}
 					var expChunks []chunks.Meta
 					for _, e := range tc.expChunks {
-						meta := chunks.Meta{
-							Chunk:   chunkenc.Chunk(nil),
-							MinTime: e.mint,
-							MaxTime: e.maxt,
-						}
-
-						// Ref to whatever Ref the chunk has, that we refer to by ID
-						for ref, c := range intervals {
-							if c.ID == e.ID {
-								meta.Ref = chunks.ChunkRef(chunks.NewHeadChunkRef(chunks.HeadSeriesRef(s1ID), s1.oooHeadChunkID(ref)))
-								break
+						var chunk chunkenc.Chunk
+						if len(e.m) > 0 {
+							mm := &multiMeta{}
+							for _, x := range e.m {
+								meta := chunks.Meta{
+									MinTime: x.mint,
+									MaxTime: x.maxt,
+									Ref:     findID(x.ID),
+								}
+								mm.metas = append(mm.metas, meta)
 							}
+							chunk = mm
+						}
+						meta := chunks.Meta{
+							Chunk:   chunk,
+							MinTime: e.c.mint,
+							MaxTime: e.c.maxt,
+							Ref:     findID(e.c.ID),
 						}
 						expChunks = append(expChunks, meta)
 					}
-					slices.SortFunc(expChunks, lessByMinTimeAndMinRef) // We always want the chunks to come back sorted by minTime asc.
 
 					if headChunk && len(intervals) > 0 {
 						// Put the last interval in the head chunk
@@ -497,6 +516,7 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 		queryMaxT            int64
 		firstInOrderSampleAt int64
 		inputSamples         []testValue
+		expSingleChunks      bool
 		expChunkError        bool
 		expChunksSamples     []chunks.SampleSlice
 	}{
@@ -509,7 +529,8 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 				{Ts: minutes(30), V: 0},
 				{Ts: minutes(40), V: 0},
 			},
-			expChunkError: false,
+			expChunkError:   false,
+			expSingleChunks: true,
 			// ts (in minutes)         0       10       20       30       40       50       60       70       80       90       100
 			// Query Interval          [------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------]
 			// Chunk 0: Current Head                              [--------] (With 2 samples)
@@ -689,7 +710,8 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 				{Ts: minutes(40), V: 3},
 				{Ts: minutes(42), V: 3},
 			},
-			expChunkError: false,
+			expChunkError:   false,
+			expSingleChunks: true,
 			// ts (in minutes)         0       10       20       30       40       50       60       70       80       90       100
 			// Query Interval          [------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------]
 			// Chunk 0                          [-------]
@@ -844,9 +866,13 @@ func testOOOHeadChunkReader_Chunk(t *testing.T, scenario sampleTypeScenario) {
 			for i := 0; i < len(chks); i++ {
 				c, iterable, err := cr.ChunkOrIterable(chks[i])
 				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Nil(t, c)
-
-				it := iterable.Iterator(nil)
+				var it chunkenc.Iterator
+				if tc.expSingleChunks {
+					it = c.Iterator(nil)
+				} else {
+					require.Nil(t, c)
+					it = iterable.Iterator(nil)
+				}
 				resultSamples, err := storage.ExpandSamples(it, nil)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				requireEqualSamples(t, s1.String(), tc.expChunksSamples[i], resultSamples, true)

From f90c7a11d16da9244d6acd971513f409211a5748 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2024 11:57:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 151/180] [REFACTOR] OTLP translator: simplify time conversion

We don't need multiple levels of abstraction to convert nanoseconds to
milliseconds.
We do benefit from tests, however.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 .../prometheusremotewrite/helper.go           |  3 +--
 .../prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go      | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper.go
index f2d7ecd4e..67cf28119 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper.go
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
-	"time"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2"
@@ -594,5 +593,5 @@ func addResourceTargetInfo(resource pcommon.Resource, settings Settings, timesta
 
 // convertTimeStamp converts OTLP timestamp in ns to timestamp in ms
 func convertTimeStamp(timestamp pcommon.Timestamp) int64 {
-	return timestamp.AsTime().UnixNano() / (int64(time.Millisecond) / int64(time.Nanosecond))
+	return int64(timestamp) / 1_000_000
 }
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go
index c4dd781ae..729d99b8a 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ package prometheusremotewrite
 
 import (
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pcommon"
@@ -159,3 +160,21 @@ func TestCreateAttributes(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func Test_convertTimeStamp(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		arg  pcommon.Timestamp
+		want int64
+	}{
+		{"zero", 0, 0},
+		{"1ms", 1_000_000, 1},
+		{"1s", pcommon.Timestamp(time.Unix(1, 0).UnixNano()), 1000},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := convertTimeStamp(tt.arg)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

From e9e3d64b7c9df354d46c73da464b56a7c4cb7233 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jorge Creixell <jcreixell@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2024 15:50:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 152/180] PromQL engine: Delay deletion of __name__ label to
 the end of the query evaluation (#14477)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

PromQL engine: Delay deletion of __name__ label to the end of the query evaluation

  - This change allows optionally preserving the `__name__` label via the `label_replace` and `label_join` functions, and helps prevent the dreaded "vector cannot contain metrics with the same labelset" error.
  - The implementation extends the `Series` and `Sample` structs with a boolean flag indicating whether the `__name__` label should be deleted at the end of the query evaluation.
  - The `label_replace` and `label_join` functions can still access the value of the `__name__` label, even if it has been previously marked for deletion. If  `__name__` is used as target label, it won't be dropped at the end of the query evaluation.
  - Fixes https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/11397
  - See https://github.com/jcreixell/prometheus/pull/2 for previous discussion, including the decision to create this PR and benchmark it before considering other alternatives (like refactoring `labels.Labels`).
  - See https://github.com/jcreixell/prometheus/pull/1 for an alternative implementation using a special label instead of boolean flags.
  - Note: a feature flag  `promql-delayed-name-removal` has been added as it changes the behavior of some "weird" queries (see https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/11397#issuecomment-1451998792)

Example (this always fails, as `__name__` is being dropped by `count_over_time`):

```
count_over_time({__name__!=""}[1m])

=> Error executing query: vector cannot contain metrics with the same labelset
```

Before:

```
label_replace(count_over_time({__name__!=""}[1m]), "__name__", "count_$1", "__name__", "(.+)")

=> Error executing query: vector cannot contain metrics with the same labelset
```

After:

```
label_replace(count_over_time({__name__!=""}[1m]), "__name__", "count_$1", "__name__", "(.+)")

=>
count_go_gc_cycles_automatic_gc_cycles_total{instance="localhost:9090", job="prometheus"} 1
count_go_gc_cycles_forced_gc_cycles_total{instance="localhost:9090", job="prometheus"} 1
...
```

Signed-off-by: Jorge Creixell <jcreixell@gmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Jorge Creixell <jcreixell@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Björn Rabenstein <github@rabenste.in>
---
 cmd/prometheus/main.go                        |  14 +-
 docs/command-line/prometheus.md               |   2 +-
 docs/feature_flags.md                         |   8 ++
 promql/engine.go                              | 124 +++++++++++++-----
 promql/engine_test.go                         |  29 ++--
 promql/functions.go                           | 120 +++++++++++++----
 promql/promqltest/test.go                     |   2 +
 .../testdata/name_label_dropping.test         |  84 ++++++++++++
 promql/value.go                               |   6 +
 9 files changed, 309 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 promql/promqltest/testdata/name_label_dropping.test

diff --git a/cmd/prometheus/main.go b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
index c402fbcb8..65ffd7de5 100644
--- a/cmd/prometheus/main.go
+++ b/cmd/prometheus/main.go
@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@ type flagConfig struct {
 	corsRegexString string
 
 	promlogConfig promlog.Config
+
+	promqlEnableDelayedNameRemoval bool
 }
 
 // setFeatureListOptions sets the corresponding options from the featureList.
@@ -238,6 +240,9 @@ func (c *flagConfig) setFeatureListOptions(logger log.Logger) error {
 			case "delayed-compaction":
 				c.tsdb.EnableDelayedCompaction = true
 				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Experimental delayed compaction is enabled.")
+			case "promql-delayed-name-removal":
+				c.promqlEnableDelayedNameRemoval = true
+				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Experimental PromQL delayed name removal enabled.")
 			case "utf8-names":
 				model.NameValidationScheme = model.UTF8Validation
 				level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "Experimental UTF-8 support enabled")
@@ -487,7 +492,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	a.Flag("scrape.name-escaping-scheme", `Method for escaping legacy invalid names when sending to Prometheus that does not support UTF-8. Can be one of "values", "underscores", or "dots".`).Default(scrape.DefaultNameEscapingScheme.String()).StringVar(&cfg.nameEscapingScheme)
 
-	a.Flag("enable-feature", "Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval, delayed-compaction, utf8-names. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details.").
+	a.Flag("enable-feature", "Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomaxprocs, auto-gomemlimit, concurrent-rule-eval, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, delayed-compaction, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, extra-scrape-metrics, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, native-histograms, new-service-discovery-manager, no-default-scrape-port, otlp-write-receiver, promql-experimental-functions, promql-delayed-name-removal, promql-per-step-stats, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), utf8-names. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details.").
 		Default("").StringsVar(&cfg.featureList)
 
 	promlogflag.AddFlags(a, &cfg.promlogConfig)
@@ -799,9 +804,10 @@ func main() {
 			NoStepSubqueryIntervalFn: noStepSubqueryInterval.Get,
 			// EnableAtModifier and EnableNegativeOffset have to be
 			// always on for regular PromQL as of Prometheus v2.33.
-			EnableAtModifier:     true,
-			EnableNegativeOffset: true,
-			EnablePerStepStats:   cfg.enablePerStepStats,
+			EnableAtModifier:         true,
+			EnableNegativeOffset:     true,
+			EnablePerStepStats:       cfg.enablePerStepStats,
+			EnableDelayedNameRemoval: cfg.promqlEnableDelayedNameRemoval,
 		}
 
 		queryEngine = promql.NewEngine(opts)
diff --git a/docs/command-line/prometheus.md b/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
index f65c260c4..7d9e5a3c8 100644
--- a/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
+++ b/docs/command-line/prometheus.md
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ The Prometheus monitoring server
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--query.max-concurrency</code> | Maximum number of queries executed concurrently. Use with server mode only. | `20` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--query.max-samples</code> | Maximum number of samples a single query can load into memory. Note that queries will fail if they try to load more samples than this into memory, so this also limits the number of samples a query can return. Use with server mode only. | `50000000` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--scrape.name-escaping-scheme</code> | Method for escaping legacy invalid names when sending to Prometheus that does not support UTF-8. Can be one of "values", "underscores", or "dots". | `values` |
-| <code class="text-nowrap">--enable-feature</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomemlimit, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, promql-per-step-stats, promql-experimental-functions, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), extra-scrape-metrics, new-service-discovery-manager, auto-gomaxprocs, no-default-scrape-port, native-histograms, otlp-write-receiver, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, concurrent-rule-eval, delayed-compaction, utf8-names. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details. |  |
+| <code class="text-nowrap">--enable-feature</code> <code class="text-nowrap">...<code class="text-nowrap"> | Comma separated feature names to enable. Valid options: agent, auto-gomaxprocs, auto-gomemlimit, concurrent-rule-eval, created-timestamp-zero-ingestion, delayed-compaction, exemplar-storage, expand-external-labels, extra-scrape-metrics, memory-snapshot-on-shutdown, native-histograms, new-service-discovery-manager, no-default-scrape-port, otlp-write-receiver, promql-experimental-functions, promql-delayed-name-removal, promql-per-step-stats, remote-write-receiver (DEPRECATED), utf8-names. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/feature_flags/ for more details. |  |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--log.level</code> | Only log messages with the given severity or above. One of: [debug, info, warn, error] | `info` |
 | <code class="text-nowrap">--log.format</code> | Output format of log messages. One of: [logfmt, json] | `logfmt` |
 
diff --git a/docs/feature_flags.md b/docs/feature_flags.md
index 0a908bb91..7b07a04d0 100644
--- a/docs/feature_flags.md
+++ b/docs/feature_flags.md
@@ -250,6 +250,14 @@ Note that during this delay, the Head continues its usual operations, which incl
 
 Despite the delay in compaction, the blocks produced are time-aligned in the same manner as they would be if the delay was not in place.
 
+## Delay __name__ label removal for PromQL engine
+
+`--enable-feature=promql-delayed-name-removal`
+
+When enabled, Prometheus will change the way in which the `__name__` label is removed from PromQL query results (for functions and expressions for which this is necessary). Specifically, it will delay the removal to the last step of the query evaluation, instead of every time an expression or function creating derived metrics is evaluated.
+
+This allows optionally preserving the `__name__` label via the `label_replace` and `label_join` functions, and helps prevent the "vector cannot contain metrics with the same labelset" error, which can happen when applying a regex-matcher to the `__name__` label.
+
 ## UTF-8 Name Support
 
 `--enable-feature=utf8-names`
diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 60c8e0639..b54ce2d6d 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -313,6 +313,11 @@ type EngineOpts struct {
 
 	// EnablePerStepStats if true allows for per-step stats to be computed on request. Disabled otherwise.
 	EnablePerStepStats bool
+
+	// EnableDelayedNameRemoval delays the removal of the __name__ label to the last step of the query evaluation.
+	// This is useful in certain scenarios where the __name__ label must be preserved or where applying a
+	// regex-matcher to the __name__ label may otherwise lead to duplicate labelset errors.
+	EnableDelayedNameRemoval bool
 }
 
 // Engine handles the lifetime of queries from beginning to end.
@@ -330,6 +335,7 @@ type Engine struct {
 	enableAtModifier         bool
 	enableNegativeOffset     bool
 	enablePerStepStats       bool
+	enableDelayedNameRemoval bool
 }
 
 // NewEngine returns a new engine.
@@ -420,6 +426,7 @@ func NewEngine(opts EngineOpts) *Engine {
 		enableAtModifier:         opts.EnableAtModifier,
 		enableNegativeOffset:     opts.EnableNegativeOffset,
 		enablePerStepStats:       opts.EnablePerStepStats,
+		enableDelayedNameRemoval: opts.EnableDelayedNameRemoval,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -712,6 +719,7 @@ func (ng *Engine) execEvalStmt(ctx context.Context, query *query, s *parser.Eval
 			lookbackDelta:            s.LookbackDelta,
 			samplesStats:             query.sampleStats,
 			noStepSubqueryIntervalFn: ng.noStepSubqueryIntervalFn,
+			enableDelayedNameRemoval: ng.enableDelayedNameRemoval,
 		}
 		query.sampleStats.InitStepTracking(start, start, 1)
 
@@ -743,9 +751,9 @@ func (ng *Engine) execEvalStmt(ctx context.Context, query *query, s *parser.Eval
 				// Point might have a different timestamp, force it to the evaluation
 				// timestamp as that is when we ran the evaluation.
 				if len(s.Histograms) > 0 {
-					vector[i] = Sample{Metric: s.Metric, H: s.Histograms[0].H, T: start}
+					vector[i] = Sample{Metric: s.Metric, H: s.Histograms[0].H, T: start, DropName: s.DropName}
 				} else {
-					vector[i] = Sample{Metric: s.Metric, F: s.Floats[0].F, T: start}
+					vector[i] = Sample{Metric: s.Metric, F: s.Floats[0].F, T: start, DropName: s.DropName}
 				}
 			}
 			return vector, warnings, nil
@@ -770,6 +778,7 @@ func (ng *Engine) execEvalStmt(ctx context.Context, query *query, s *parser.Eval
 		lookbackDelta:            s.LookbackDelta,
 		samplesStats:             query.sampleStats,
 		noStepSubqueryIntervalFn: ng.noStepSubqueryIntervalFn,
+		enableDelayedNameRemoval: ng.enableDelayedNameRemoval,
 	}
 	query.sampleStats.InitStepTracking(evaluator.startTimestamp, evaluator.endTimestamp, evaluator.interval)
 	val, warnings, err := evaluator.Eval(s.Expr)
@@ -1032,6 +1041,7 @@ type evaluator struct {
 	lookbackDelta            time.Duration
 	samplesStats             *stats.QuerySamples
 	noStepSubqueryIntervalFn func(rangeMillis int64) int64
+	enableDelayedNameRemoval bool
 }
 
 // errorf causes a panic with the input formatted into an error.
@@ -1073,6 +1083,9 @@ func (ev *evaluator) Eval(expr parser.Expr) (v parser.Value, ws annotations.Anno
 	defer ev.recover(expr, &ws, &err)
 
 	v, ws = ev.eval(expr)
+	if ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+		ev.cleanupMetricLabels(v)
+	}
 	return v, ws, nil
 }
 
@@ -1101,6 +1114,9 @@ type EvalNodeHelper struct {
 	rightSigs    map[string]Sample
 	matchedSigs  map[string]map[uint64]struct{}
 	resultMetric map[string]labels.Labels
+
+	// Additional options for the evaluation.
+	enableDelayedNameRemoval bool
 }
 
 func (enh *EvalNodeHelper) resetBuilder(lbls labels.Labels) {
@@ -1150,7 +1166,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEval(prepSeries func(labels.Labels, *EvalSeriesHelper)
 			biggestLen = len(matrixes[i])
 		}
 	}
-	enh := &EvalNodeHelper{Out: make(Vector, 0, biggestLen)}
+	enh := &EvalNodeHelper{Out: make(Vector, 0, biggestLen), enableDelayedNameRemoval: ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval}
 	type seriesAndTimestamp struct {
 		Series
 		ts int64
@@ -1196,12 +1212,12 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEval(prepSeries func(labels.Labels, *EvalSeriesHelper)
 			for si, series := range matrixes[i] {
 				switch {
 				case len(series.Floats) > 0 && series.Floats[0].T == ts:
-					vectors[i] = append(vectors[i], Sample{Metric: series.Metric, F: series.Floats[0].F, T: ts})
+					vectors[i] = append(vectors[i], Sample{Metric: series.Metric, F: series.Floats[0].F, T: ts, DropName: series.DropName})
 					// Move input vectors forward so we don't have to re-scan the same
 					// past points at the next step.
 					matrixes[i][si].Floats = series.Floats[1:]
 				case len(series.Histograms) > 0 && series.Histograms[0].T == ts:
-					vectors[i] = append(vectors[i], Sample{Metric: series.Metric, H: series.Histograms[0].H, T: ts})
+					vectors[i] = append(vectors[i], Sample{Metric: series.Metric, H: series.Histograms[0].H, T: ts, DropName: series.DropName})
 					matrixes[i][si].Histograms = series.Histograms[1:]
 				default:
 					continue
@@ -1240,15 +1256,15 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEval(prepSeries func(labels.Labels, *EvalSeriesHelper)
 
 		// If this could be an instant query, shortcut so as not to change sort order.
 		if ev.endTimestamp == ev.startTimestamp {
-			if result.ContainsSameLabelset() {
+			if !ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval && result.ContainsSameLabelset() {
 				ev.errorf("vector cannot contain metrics with the same labelset")
 			}
 			mat := make(Matrix, len(result))
 			for i, s := range result {
 				if s.H == nil {
-					mat[i] = Series{Metric: s.Metric, Floats: []FPoint{{T: ts, F: s.F}}}
+					mat[i] = Series{Metric: s.Metric, Floats: []FPoint{{T: ts, F: s.F}}, DropName: s.DropName}
 				} else {
-					mat[i] = Series{Metric: s.Metric, Histograms: []HPoint{{T: ts, H: s.H}}}
+					mat[i] = Series{Metric: s.Metric, Histograms: []HPoint{{T: ts, H: s.H}}, DropName: s.DropName}
 				}
 			}
 			ev.currentSamples = originalNumSamples + mat.TotalSamples()
@@ -1266,7 +1282,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEval(prepSeries func(labels.Labels, *EvalSeriesHelper)
 				}
 				ss.ts = ts
 			} else {
-				ss = seriesAndTimestamp{Series{Metric: sample.Metric}, ts}
+				ss = seriesAndTimestamp{Series{Metric: sample.Metric, DropName: sample.DropName}, ts}
 			}
 			addToSeries(&ss.Series, enh.Ts, sample.F, sample.H, numSteps)
 			seriess[h] = ss
@@ -1302,7 +1318,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEvalAgg(aggExpr *parser.AggregateExpr, sortedGrouping
 
 	var warnings annotations.Annotations
 
-	enh := &EvalNodeHelper{}
+	enh := &EvalNodeHelper{enableDelayedNameRemoval: ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval}
 	tempNumSamples := ev.currentSamples
 
 	// Create a mapping from input series to output groups.
@@ -1611,10 +1627,17 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		var prevSS *Series
 		inMatrix := make(Matrix, 1)
 		inArgs[matrixArgIndex] = inMatrix
-		enh := &EvalNodeHelper{Out: make(Vector, 0, 1)}
+		enh := &EvalNodeHelper{Out: make(Vector, 0, 1), enableDelayedNameRemoval: ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval}
 		// Process all the calls for one time series at a time.
 		it := storage.NewBuffer(selRange)
 		var chkIter chunkenc.Iterator
+
+		// The last_over_time function acts like offset; thus, it
+		// should keep the metric name.  For all the other range
+		// vector functions, the only change needed is to drop the
+		// metric name in the output.
+		dropName := e.Func.Name != "last_over_time"
+
 		for i, s := range selVS.Series {
 			if err := contextDone(ev.ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
 				ev.error(err)
@@ -1629,15 +1652,12 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 			chkIter = s.Iterator(chkIter)
 			it.Reset(chkIter)
 			metric := selVS.Series[i].Labels()
-			// The last_over_time function acts like offset; thus, it
-			// should keep the metric name.  For all the other range
-			// vector functions, the only change needed is to drop the
-			// metric name in the output.
-			if e.Func.Name != "last_over_time" {
+			if !ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval && dropName {
 				metric = metric.DropMetricName()
 			}
 			ss := Series{
-				Metric: metric,
+				Metric:   metric,
+				DropName: dropName,
 			}
 			inMatrix[0].Metric = selVS.Series[i].Labels()
 			for ts, step := ev.startTimestamp, -1; ts <= ev.endTimestamp; ts += ev.interval {
@@ -1752,16 +1772,16 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 
 			return Matrix{
 				Series{
-					Metric: createLabelsForAbsentFunction(e.Args[0]),
-					Floats: newp,
+					Metric:   createLabelsForAbsentFunction(e.Args[0]),
+					Floats:   newp,
+					DropName: dropName,
 				},
 			}, warnings
 		}
 
-		if mat.ContainsSameLabelset() {
+		if !ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval && mat.ContainsSameLabelset() {
 			ev.errorf("vector cannot contain metrics with the same labelset")
 		}
-
 		return mat, warnings
 
 	case *parser.ParenExpr:
@@ -1772,12 +1792,15 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		mat := val.(Matrix)
 		if e.Op == parser.SUB {
 			for i := range mat {
-				mat[i].Metric = mat[i].Metric.DropMetricName()
+				if !ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+					mat[i].Metric = mat[i].Metric.DropMetricName()
+				}
+				mat[i].DropName = true
 				for j := range mat[i].Floats {
 					mat[i].Floats[j].F = -mat[i].Floats[j].F
 				}
 			}
-			if mat.ContainsSameLabelset() {
+			if !ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval && mat.ContainsSameLabelset() {
 				ev.errorf("vector cannot contain metrics with the same labelset")
 			}
 		}
@@ -1913,6 +1936,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 			lookbackDelta:            ev.lookbackDelta,
 			samplesStats:             ev.samplesStats.NewChild(),
 			noStepSubqueryIntervalFn: ev.noStepSubqueryIntervalFn,
+			enableDelayedNameRemoval: ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval,
 		}
 
 		if e.Step != 0 {
@@ -1957,6 +1981,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 			lookbackDelta:            ev.lookbackDelta,
 			samplesStats:             ev.samplesStats.NewChild(),
 			noStepSubqueryIntervalFn: ev.noStepSubqueryIntervalFn,
+			enableDelayedNameRemoval: ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval,
 		}
 		res, ws := newEv.eval(e.Expr)
 		ev.currentSamples = newEv.currentSamples
@@ -2553,7 +2578,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) VectorBinop(op parser.ItemType, lhs, rhs Vector, matching *
 			continue
 		}
 		metric := resultMetric(ls.Metric, rs.Metric, op, matching, enh)
-		if returnBool {
+		if !ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval && returnBool {
 			metric = metric.DropMetricName()
 		}
 		insertedSigs, exists := matchedSigs[sig]
@@ -2578,9 +2603,10 @@ func (ev *evaluator) VectorBinop(op parser.ItemType, lhs, rhs Vector, matching *
 		}
 
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: metric,
-			F:      floatValue,
-			H:      histogramValue,
+			Metric:   metric,
+			F:        floatValue,
+			H:        histogramValue,
+			DropName: returnBool,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, lastErr
@@ -2680,7 +2706,10 @@ func (ev *evaluator) VectorscalarBinop(op parser.ItemType, lhs Vector, rhs Scala
 			lhsSample.F = float
 			lhsSample.H = histogram
 			if shouldDropMetricName(op) || returnBool {
-				lhsSample.Metric = lhsSample.Metric.DropMetricName()
+				if !ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+					lhsSample.Metric = lhsSample.Metric.DropMetricName()
+				}
+				lhsSample.DropName = true
 			}
 			enh.Out = append(enh.Out, lhsSample)
 		}
@@ -3019,6 +3048,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregation(e *parser.AggregateExpr, q float64, inputMatrix
 
 		ss := &outputMatrix[ri]
 		addToSeries(ss, enh.Ts, aggr.floatValue, aggr.histogramValue, numSteps)
+		ss.DropName = inputMatrix[ri].DropName
 	}
 
 	return annos
@@ -3045,7 +3075,7 @@ seriesLoop:
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		s = Sample{Metric: inputMatrix[si].Metric, F: f}
+		s = Sample{Metric: inputMatrix[si].Metric, F: f, DropName: inputMatrix[si].DropName}
 
 		group := &groups[seriesToResult[si]]
 		// Initialize this group if it's the first time we've seen it.
@@ -3129,16 +3159,16 @@ seriesLoop:
 		mat = make(Matrix, 0, len(groups))
 	}
 
-	add := func(lbls labels.Labels, f float64) {
+	add := func(lbls labels.Labels, f float64, dropName bool) {
 		// If this could be an instant query, add directly to the matrix so the result is in consistent order.
 		if ev.endTimestamp == ev.startTimestamp {
-			mat = append(mat, Series{Metric: lbls, Floats: []FPoint{{T: enh.Ts, F: f}}})
+			mat = append(mat, Series{Metric: lbls, Floats: []FPoint{{T: enh.Ts, F: f}}, DropName: dropName})
 		} else {
 			// Otherwise the results are added into seriess elements.
 			hash := lbls.Hash()
 			ss, ok := seriess[hash]
 			if !ok {
-				ss = Series{Metric: lbls}
+				ss = Series{Metric: lbls, DropName: dropName}
 			}
 			addToSeries(&ss, enh.Ts, f, nil, numSteps)
 			seriess[hash] = ss
@@ -3155,7 +3185,7 @@ seriesLoop:
 				sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(aggr.heap))
 			}
 			for _, v := range aggr.heap {
-				add(v.Metric, v.F)
+				add(v.Metric, v.F, v.DropName)
 			}
 
 		case parser.BOTTOMK:
@@ -3164,12 +3194,12 @@ seriesLoop:
 				sort.Sort(sort.Reverse((*vectorByReverseValueHeap)(&aggr.heap)))
 			}
 			for _, v := range aggr.heap {
-				add(v.Metric, v.F)
+				add(v.Metric, v.F, v.DropName)
 			}
 
 		case parser.LIMITK, parser.LIMIT_RATIO:
 			for _, v := range aggr.heap {
-				add(v.Metric, v.F)
+				add(v.Metric, v.F, v.DropName)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -3221,6 +3251,30 @@ func (ev *evaluator) aggregationCountValues(e *parser.AggregateExpr, grouping []
 	return enh.Out, nil
 }
 
+func (ev *evaluator) cleanupMetricLabels(v parser.Value) {
+	if v.Type() == parser.ValueTypeMatrix {
+		mat := v.(Matrix)
+		for i := range mat {
+			if mat[i].DropName {
+				mat[i].Metric = mat[i].Metric.DropMetricName()
+			}
+		}
+		if mat.ContainsSameLabelset() {
+			ev.errorf("vector cannot contain metrics with the same labelset")
+		}
+	} else if v.Type() == parser.ValueTypeVector {
+		vec := v.(Vector)
+		for i := range vec {
+			if vec[i].DropName {
+				vec[i].Metric = vec[i].Metric.DropMetricName()
+			}
+		}
+		if vec.ContainsSameLabelset() {
+			ev.errorf("vector cannot contain metrics with the same labelset")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func addToSeries(ss *Series, ts int64, f float64, h *histogram.FloatHistogram, numSteps int) {
 	if h == nil {
 		if ss.Floats == nil {
diff --git a/promql/engine_test.go b/promql/engine_test.go
index 37cba975b..3e159782a 100644
--- a/promql/engine_test.go
+++ b/promql/engine_test.go
@@ -1714,7 +1714,8 @@ load 1ms
 						{F: 3600, T: 6 * 60 * 1000},
 						{F: 3600, T: 7 * 60 * 1000},
 					},
-					Metric: labels.EmptyLabels(),
+					Metric:   labels.EmptyLabels(),
+					DropName: true,
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -1930,20 +1931,24 @@ func TestSubquerySelector(t *testing.T) {
 						nil,
 						promql.Matrix{
 							promql.Series{
-								Floats: []promql.FPoint{{F: 3, T: 7985000}, {F: 3, T: 7990000}, {F: 3, T: 7995000}, {F: 3, T: 8000000}},
-								Metric: labels.FromStrings("job", "api-server", "instance", "0", "group", "canary"),
+								Floats:   []promql.FPoint{{F: 3, T: 7985000}, {F: 3, T: 7990000}, {F: 3, T: 7995000}, {F: 3, T: 8000000}},
+								Metric:   labels.FromStrings("job", "api-server", "instance", "0", "group", "canary"),
+								DropName: true,
 							},
 							promql.Series{
-								Floats: []promql.FPoint{{F: 4, T: 7985000}, {F: 4, T: 7990000}, {F: 4, T: 7995000}, {F: 4, T: 8000000}},
-								Metric: labels.FromStrings("job", "api-server", "instance", "1", "group", "canary"),
+								Floats:   []promql.FPoint{{F: 4, T: 7985000}, {F: 4, T: 7990000}, {F: 4, T: 7995000}, {F: 4, T: 8000000}},
+								Metric:   labels.FromStrings("job", "api-server", "instance", "1", "group", "canary"),
+								DropName: true,
 							},
 							promql.Series{
-								Floats: []promql.FPoint{{F: 1, T: 7985000}, {F: 1, T: 7990000}, {F: 1, T: 7995000}, {F: 1, T: 8000000}},
-								Metric: labels.FromStrings("job", "api-server", "instance", "0", "group", "production"),
+								Floats:   []promql.FPoint{{F: 1, T: 7985000}, {F: 1, T: 7990000}, {F: 1, T: 7995000}, {F: 1, T: 8000000}},
+								Metric:   labels.FromStrings("job", "api-server", "instance", "0", "group", "production"),
+								DropName: true,
 							},
 							promql.Series{
-								Floats: []promql.FPoint{{F: 2, T: 7985000}, {F: 2, T: 7990000}, {F: 2, T: 7995000}, {F: 2, T: 8000000}},
-								Metric: labels.FromStrings("job", "api-server", "instance", "1", "group", "production"),
+								Floats:   []promql.FPoint{{F: 2, T: 7985000}, {F: 2, T: 7990000}, {F: 2, T: 7995000}, {F: 2, T: 8000000}},
+								Metric:   labels.FromStrings("job", "api-server", "instance", "1", "group", "production"),
+								DropName: true,
 							},
 						},
 						nil,
@@ -3470,11 +3475,11 @@ func TestNativeHistogram_MulDivOperator(t *testing.T) {
 
 				// histogram * scalar.
 				queryString := fmt.Sprintf(`%s * %f`, seriesName, c.scalar)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedMul, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
+				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedMul, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels(), DropName: true}})
 
 				// scalar * histogram.
 				queryString = fmt.Sprintf(`%f * %s`, c.scalar, seriesName)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedMul, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
+				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedMul, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels(), DropName: true}})
 
 				// histogram * float.
 				queryString = fmt.Sprintf(`%s * %s`, seriesName, floatSeriesName)
@@ -3486,7 +3491,7 @@ func TestNativeHistogram_MulDivOperator(t *testing.T) {
 
 				// histogram / scalar.
 				queryString = fmt.Sprintf(`%s / %f`, seriesName, c.scalar)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedDiv, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
+				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedDiv, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels(), DropName: true}})
 
 				// histogram / float.
 				queryString = fmt.Sprintf(`%s / %s`, seriesName, floatSeriesName)
diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index 61a2dd076..9fa7fbe19 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -483,9 +483,13 @@ func funcClamp(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper
 		return enh.Out, nil
 	}
 	for _, el := range vec {
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			el.Metric = el.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: el.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      math.Max(minVal, math.Min(maxVal, el.F)),
+			Metric:   el.Metric,
+			F:        math.Max(minVal, math.Min(maxVal, el.F)),
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -496,9 +500,13 @@ func funcClampMax(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHel
 	vec := vals[0].(Vector)
 	maxVal := vals[1].(Vector)[0].F
 	for _, el := range vec {
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			el.Metric = el.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: el.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      math.Min(maxVal, el.F),
+			Metric:   el.Metric,
+			F:        math.Min(maxVal, el.F),
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -509,9 +517,13 @@ func funcClampMin(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHel
 	vec := vals[0].(Vector)
 	minVal := vals[1].(Vector)[0].F
 	for _, el := range vec {
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			el.Metric = el.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: el.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      math.Max(minVal, el.F),
+			Metric:   el.Metric,
+			F:        math.Max(minVal, el.F),
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -532,8 +544,9 @@ func funcRound(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper
 	for _, el := range vec {
 		f := math.Floor(el.F*toNearestInverse+0.5) / toNearestInverse
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: el.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      f,
+			Metric:   el.Metric,
+			F:        f,
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -882,9 +895,13 @@ func funcPresentOverTime(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *Eval
 func simpleFunc(vals []parser.Value, enh *EvalNodeHelper, f func(float64) float64) Vector {
 	for _, el := range vals[0].(Vector) {
 		if el.H == nil { // Process only float samples.
+			if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+				el.Metric = el.Metric.DropMetricName()
+			}
 			enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-				Metric: el.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-				F:      f(el.F),
+				Metric:   el.Metric,
+				F:        f(el.F),
+				DropName: true,
 			})
 		}
 	}
@@ -1028,9 +1045,13 @@ func funcSgn(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper)
 func funcTimestamp(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 	vec := vals[0].(Vector)
 	for _, el := range vec {
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			el.Metric = el.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: el.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      float64(el.T) / 1000,
+			Metric:   el.Metric,
+			F:        float64(el.T) / 1000,
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -1137,9 +1158,13 @@ func funcHistogramCount(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalN
 		if sample.H == nil {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			sample.Metric = sample.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: sample.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      sample.H.Count,
+			Metric:   sample.Metric,
+			F:        sample.H.Count,
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -1154,9 +1179,13 @@ func funcHistogramSum(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNod
 		if sample.H == nil {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			sample.Metric = sample.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: sample.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      sample.H.Sum,
+			Metric:   sample.Metric,
+			F:        sample.H.Sum,
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -1171,9 +1200,13 @@ func funcHistogramAvg(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNod
 		if sample.H == nil {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			sample.Metric = sample.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: sample.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      sample.H.Sum / sample.H.Count,
+			Metric:   sample.Metric,
+			F:        sample.H.Sum / sample.H.Count,
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -1210,9 +1243,13 @@ func funcHistogramStdDev(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *Eval
 		}
 		variance += cVariance
 		variance /= sample.H.Count
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			sample.Metric = sample.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: sample.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      math.Sqrt(variance),
+			Metric:   sample.Metric,
+			F:        math.Sqrt(variance),
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -1249,9 +1286,13 @@ func funcHistogramStdVar(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *Eval
 		}
 		variance += cVariance
 		variance /= sample.H.Count
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			sample.Metric = sample.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: sample.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      variance,
+			Metric:   sample.Metric,
+			F:        variance,
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -1268,9 +1309,13 @@ func funcHistogramFraction(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *Ev
 		if sample.H == nil {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			sample.Metric = sample.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: sample.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      histogramFraction(lower, upper, sample.H),
+			Metric:   sample.Metric,
+			F:        histogramFraction(lower, upper, sample.H),
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out, nil
@@ -1338,9 +1383,13 @@ func funcHistogramQuantile(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *Ev
 			continue
 		}
 
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			sample.Metric = sample.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: sample.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      histogramQuantile(q, sample.H),
+			Metric:   sample.Metric,
+			F:        histogramQuantile(q, sample.H),
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -1442,6 +1491,11 @@ func (ev *evaluator) evalLabelReplace(args parser.Expressions) (parser.Value, an
 			lb.Reset(el.Metric)
 			lb.Set(dst, string(res))
 			matrix[i].Metric = lb.Labels()
+			if dst == model.MetricNameLabel {
+				matrix[i].DropName = false
+			} else {
+				matrix[i].DropName = el.DropName
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	if matrix.ContainsSameLabelset() {
@@ -1496,6 +1550,12 @@ func (ev *evaluator) evalLabelJoin(args parser.Expressions) (parser.Value, annot
 		lb.Reset(el.Metric)
 		lb.Set(dst, strval)
 		matrix[i].Metric = lb.Labels()
+
+		if dst == model.MetricNameLabel {
+			matrix[i].DropName = false
+		} else {
+			matrix[i].DropName = el.DropName
+		}
 	}
 
 	return matrix, ws
@@ -1518,9 +1578,13 @@ func dateWrapper(vals []parser.Value, enh *EvalNodeHelper, f func(time.Time) flo
 
 	for _, el := range vals[0].(Vector) {
 		t := time.Unix(int64(el.F), 0).UTC()
+		if !enh.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
+			el.Metric = el.Metric.DropMetricName()
+		}
 		enh.Out = append(enh.Out, Sample{
-			Metric: el.Metric.DropMetricName(),
-			F:      f(t),
+			Metric:   el.Metric,
+			F:        f(t),
+			DropName: true,
 		})
 	}
 	return enh.Out
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/test.go b/promql/promqltest/test.go
index 4d12dead9..f43d7a574 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/test.go
+++ b/promql/promqltest/test.go
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ func NewTestEngine(enablePerStepStats bool, lookbackDelta time.Duration, maxSamp
 		EnableNegativeOffset:     true,
 		EnablePerStepStats:       enablePerStepStats,
 		LookbackDelta:            lookbackDelta,
+		EnableDelayedNameRemoval: true,
 	})
 }
 
@@ -1362,6 +1363,7 @@ func (ll *LazyLoader) clear() error {
 		NoStepSubqueryIntervalFn: func(int64) int64 { return durationMilliseconds(ll.SubqueryInterval) },
 		EnableAtModifier:         ll.opts.EnableAtModifier,
 		EnableNegativeOffset:     ll.opts.EnableNegativeOffset,
+		EnableDelayedNameRemoval: true,
 	}
 
 	ll.queryEngine = promql.NewEngine(opts)
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/name_label_dropping.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/name_label_dropping.test
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f1dac360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/name_label_dropping.test
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# Test for __name__ label drop.
+load 5m
+	metric{env="1"}	0 60 120
+	another_metric{env="1"}	60 120 180
+
+# Does not drop __name__ for vector selector
+eval instant at 15m metric{env="1"}
+	metric{env="1"} 120
+
+# Drops __name__ for unary operators
+eval instant at 15m -metric
+	{env="1"} -120
+
+# Drops __name__ for binary operators
+eval instant at 15m metric + another_metric
+	{env="1"} 300
+
+# Does not drop __name__ for binary comparison operators
+eval instant at 15m metric <= another_metric
+	metric{env="1"} 120
+
+# Drops __name__ for binary comparison operators with "bool" modifier
+eval instant at 15m metric <= bool another_metric
+	{env="1"} 1
+
+# Drops __name__ for vector-scalar operations
+eval instant at 15m metric * 2
+	{env="1"} 240
+
+# Drops __name__ for instant-vector functions
+eval instant at 15m clamp(metric, 0, 100)
+	{env="1"} 100
+
+# Drops __name__ for range-vector functions
+eval instant at 15m rate(metric{env="1"}[10m])
+	{env="1"} 0.2
+
+# Does not drop __name__ for last_over_time function
+eval instant at 15m last_over_time(metric{env="1"}[10m])
+	metric{env="1"} 120
+
+# Drops name for other _over_time functions
+eval instant at 15m max_over_time(metric{env="1"}[10m])
+	{env="1"} 120
+
+# Allows relabeling (to-be-dropped) __name__  via label_replace
+eval instant at 15m label_replace(rate({env="1"}[10m]), "my_name", "rate_$1", "__name__", "(.+)")
+	{my_name="rate_metric", env="1"} 0.2
+	{my_name="rate_another_metric", env="1"} 0.2
+
+# Allows preserving __name__ via label_replace
+eval instant at 15m label_replace(rate({env="1"}[10m]), "__name__", "rate_$1", "__name__", "(.+)")
+	rate_metric{env="1"} 0.2
+	rate_another_metric{env="1"} 0.2
+
+# Allows relabeling (to-be-dropped) __name__  via label_join
+eval instant at 15m label_join(rate({env="1"}[10m]), "my_name", "_", "__name__")
+	{my_name="metric", env="1"} 0.2
+	{my_name="another_metric", env="1"} 0.2
+
+# Allows preserving __name__ via label_join
+eval instant at 15m label_join(rate({env="1"}[10m]), "__name__", "_", "__name__", "env")
+	metric_1{env="1"} 0.2
+	another_metric_1{env="1"} 0.2
+
+# Does not drop metric names fro aggregation operators
+eval instant at 15m sum by (__name__, env) (metric{env="1"})
+	metric{env="1"} 120
+
+# Aggregation operators by __name__ lead to duplicate labelset errors (aggregation is partitioned by not yet removed __name__ label)
+# This is an accidental side effect of delayed __name__ label dropping
+eval_fail instant at 15m sum by (__name__) (rate({env="1"}[10m]))
+
+# Aggregation operators aggregate metrics with same labelset and to-be-dropped names
+# This is an accidental side effect of delayed __name__ label dropping
+eval instant at 15m sum(rate({env="1"}[10m])) by (env)
+	{env="1"} 0.4
+
+# Aggregationk operators propagate __name__ label dropping information
+eval instant at 15m topk(10, sum by (__name__, env) (metric{env="1"}))
+	metric{env="1"} 120
+
+eval instant at 15m topk(10, sum by (__name__, env) (rate(metric{env="1"}[10m])))
+	{env="1"} 0.2
diff --git a/promql/value.go b/promql/value.go
index f129137d8..f25dbcd78 100644
--- a/promql/value.go
+++ b/promql/value.go
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ type Series struct {
 	Metric     labels.Labels `json:"metric"`
 	Floats     []FPoint      `json:"values,omitempty"`
 	Histograms []HPoint      `json:"histograms,omitempty"`
+	// DropName is used to indicate whether the __name__ label should be dropped
+	// as part of the query evaluation.
+	DropName bool `json:"-"`
 }
 
 func (s Series) String() string {
@@ -194,6 +197,9 @@ type Sample struct {
 	H *histogram.FloatHistogram
 
 	Metric labels.Labels
+	// DropName is used to indicate whether the __name__ label should be dropped
+	// as part of the query evaluation.
+	DropName bool
 }
 
 func (s Sample) String() string {

From 8c7bf39d9671f717df8286d94869485a562f1ac9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Neeraj Gartia <80708727+NeerajGartia21@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2024 20:12:35 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 153/180] Moves TestNativeHistogram_MulDivOperator to promql
 testing framework (#14688)

PromQL: add test for mul and div operator

Also, remove the converted test from the engine_test.go file.

This also includes an extension of the test framework to allow NaN/Inf in histogram buckets.

---------

Signed-off-by: Neeraj Gartia <neerajgartia211002@gmail.com>
---
 promql/engine_test.go                         | 166 ------------------
 promql/parser/lex.go                          |  10 ++
 promql/parser/lex_test.go                     |  23 +++
 .../testdata/native_histograms.test           |  46 +++++
 4 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 166 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine_test.go b/promql/engine_test.go
index 3e159782a..923d1264d 100644
--- a/promql/engine_test.go
+++ b/promql/engine_test.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"math"
 	"os"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
@@ -3337,171 +3336,6 @@ func TestNativeHistogram_SubOperator(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestNativeHistogram_MulDivOperator(t *testing.T) {
-	// TODO(codesome): Integrate histograms into the PromQL testing framework
-	// and write more tests there.
-	originalHistogram := histogram.Histogram{
-		Schema:        0,
-		Count:         21,
-		Sum:           33,
-		ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
-		ZeroCount:     3,
-		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-			{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-		},
-		PositiveBuckets: []int64{3, 0, 0},
-		NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-			{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-		},
-		NegativeBuckets: []int64{3, 0, 0},
-	}
-
-	cases := []struct {
-		scalar      float64
-		histogram   histogram.Histogram
-		expectedMul histogram.FloatHistogram
-		expectedDiv histogram.FloatHistogram
-	}{
-		{
-			scalar:    3,
-			histogram: originalHistogram,
-			expectedMul: histogram.FloatHistogram{
-				Schema:        0,
-				Count:         63,
-				Sum:           99,
-				ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
-				ZeroCount:     9,
-				PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-				},
-				PositiveBuckets: []float64{9, 9, 9},
-				NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-				},
-				NegativeBuckets: []float64{9, 9, 9},
-			},
-			expectedDiv: histogram.FloatHistogram{
-				Schema:        0,
-				Count:         7,
-				Sum:           11,
-				ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
-				ZeroCount:     1,
-				PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-				},
-				PositiveBuckets: []float64{1, 1, 1},
-				NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-				},
-				NegativeBuckets: []float64{1, 1, 1},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			scalar:    0,
-			histogram: originalHistogram,
-			expectedMul: histogram.FloatHistogram{
-				Schema:        0,
-				Count:         0,
-				Sum:           0,
-				ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
-				ZeroCount:     0,
-				PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-				},
-				PositiveBuckets: []float64{0, 0, 0},
-				NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-				},
-				NegativeBuckets: []float64{0, 0, 0},
-			},
-			expectedDiv: histogram.FloatHistogram{
-				Schema:        0,
-				Count:         math.Inf(1),
-				Sum:           math.Inf(1),
-				ZeroThreshold: 0.001,
-				ZeroCount:     math.Inf(1),
-				PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-				},
-				PositiveBuckets: []float64{math.Inf(1), math.Inf(1), math.Inf(1)},
-				NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
-					{Offset: 0, Length: 3},
-				},
-				NegativeBuckets: []float64{math.Inf(1), math.Inf(1), math.Inf(1)},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	idx0 := int64(0)
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		for _, floatHisto := range []bool{true, false} {
-			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("floatHistogram=%t %d", floatHisto, idx0), func(t *testing.T) {
-				storage := teststorage.New(t)
-				t.Cleanup(func() { storage.Close() })
-
-				seriesName := "sparse_histogram_series"
-				floatSeriesName := "float_series"
-
-				engine := newTestEngine()
-
-				ts := idx0 * int64(10*time.Minute/time.Millisecond)
-				app := storage.Appender(context.Background())
-				h := c.histogram
-				lbls := labels.FromStrings("__name__", seriesName)
-				// Since we mutate h later, we need to create a copy here.
-				var err error
-				if floatHisto {
-					_, err = app.AppendHistogram(0, lbls, ts, nil, h.Copy().ToFloat(nil))
-				} else {
-					_, err = app.AppendHistogram(0, lbls, ts, h.Copy(), nil)
-				}
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				_, err = app.Append(0, labels.FromStrings("__name__", floatSeriesName), ts, c.scalar)
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.NoError(t, app.Commit())
-
-				queryAndCheck := func(queryString string, exp promql.Vector) {
-					qry, err := engine.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), storage, nil, queryString, timestamp.Time(ts))
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-
-					res := qry.Exec(context.Background())
-					require.NoError(t, res.Err)
-
-					vector, err := res.Vector()
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-
-					testutil.RequireEqual(t, exp, vector)
-				}
-
-				// histogram * scalar.
-				queryString := fmt.Sprintf(`%s * %f`, seriesName, c.scalar)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedMul, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels(), DropName: true}})
-
-				// scalar * histogram.
-				queryString = fmt.Sprintf(`%f * %s`, c.scalar, seriesName)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedMul, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels(), DropName: true}})
-
-				// histogram * float.
-				queryString = fmt.Sprintf(`%s * %s`, seriesName, floatSeriesName)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedMul, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
-
-				// float * histogram.
-				queryString = fmt.Sprintf(`%s * %s`, floatSeriesName, seriesName)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedMul, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
-
-				// histogram / scalar.
-				queryString = fmt.Sprintf(`%s / %f`, seriesName, c.scalar)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedDiv, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels(), DropName: true}})
-
-				// histogram / float.
-				queryString = fmt.Sprintf(`%s / %s`, seriesName, floatSeriesName)
-				queryAndCheck(queryString, []promql.Sample{{T: ts, H: &c.expectedDiv, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}})
-			})
-			idx0++
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestQueryLookbackDelta(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		load = `load 5m
diff --git a/promql/parser/lex.go b/promql/parser/lex.go
index 0cefa30c8..d031e8330 100644
--- a/promql/parser/lex.go
+++ b/promql/parser/lex.go
@@ -617,6 +617,16 @@ func lexBuckets(l *Lexer) stateFn {
 		l.bracketOpen = false
 		l.emit(RIGHT_BRACKET)
 		return lexHistogram
+	case isAlpha(r):
+		// Current word is Inf or NaN.
+		word := l.input[l.start:l.pos]
+		if desc, ok := key[strings.ToLower(word)]; ok {
+			if desc == NUMBER {
+				l.emit(desc)
+				return lexStatements
+			}
+		}
+		return lexBuckets
 	default:
 		return l.errorf("invalid character in buckets description: %q", r)
 	}
diff --git a/promql/parser/lex_test.go b/promql/parser/lex_test.go
index ac9aa2762..c5475a8b9 100644
--- a/promql/parser/lex_test.go
+++ b/promql/parser/lex_test.go
@@ -639,6 +639,29 @@ var tests = []struct {
 				},
 				seriesDesc: true,
 			},
+			{
+				input: `{} {{buckets: [Inf NaN] schema:1}}`,
+				expected: []Item{
+					{LEFT_BRACE, 0, `{`},
+					{RIGHT_BRACE, 1, `}`},
+					{SPACE, 2, ` `},
+					{OPEN_HIST, 3, `{{`},
+					{BUCKETS_DESC, 5, `buckets`},
+					{COLON, 12, `:`},
+					{SPACE, 13, ` `},
+					{LEFT_BRACKET, 14, `[`},
+					{NUMBER, 15, `Inf`},
+					{SPACE, 18, ` `},
+					{NUMBER, 19, `NaN`},
+					{RIGHT_BRACKET, 22, `]`},
+					{SPACE, 23, ` `},
+					{SCHEMA_DESC, 24, `schema`},
+					{COLON, 30, `:`},
+					{NUMBER, 31, `1`},
+					{CLOSE_HIST, 32, `}}`},
+				},
+				seriesDesc: true,
+			},
 			{ // Series with sum as -Inf and count as NaN.
 				input: `{} {{buckets: [5 10 7] sum:Inf count:NaN}}`,
 				expected: []Item{
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
index 110fd69e7..71e102dce 100644
--- a/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/native_histograms.test
@@ -718,6 +718,52 @@ eval instant at 10m histogram_fraction(-Inf, +Inf, histogram_fraction_4)
 eval instant at 10m histogram_sum(scalar(histogram_fraction(-Inf, +Inf, sum(histogram_fraction_4))) * histogram_fraction_4)
     {} 100
 
+# Apply multiplication and division operator to histogram.
+load 10m
+    histogram_mul_div {{schema:0 count:21 sum:33 z_bucket:3 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[3 3 3] n_buckets:[3 3 3]}}x1
+    float_series_3 3+0x1
+    float_series_0 0+0x1
+
+eval instant at 10m histogram_mul_div*3
+    {} {{schema:0 count:63 sum:99 z_bucket:9 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[9 9 9] n_buckets:[9 9 9]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m 3*histogram_mul_div
+    {} {{schema:0 count:63 sum:99 z_bucket:9 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[9 9 9] n_buckets:[9 9 9]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m histogram_mul_div*float_series_3
+    {} {{schema:0 count:63 sum:99 z_bucket:9 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[9 9 9] n_buckets:[9 9 9]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m float_series_3*histogram_mul_div
+    {} {{schema:0 count:63 sum:99 z_bucket:9 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[9 9 9] n_buckets:[9 9 9]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m histogram_mul_div/3
+    {} {{schema:0 count:7 sum:11 z_bucket:1 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[1 1 1] n_buckets:[1 1 1]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m histogram_mul_div/float_series_3
+    {} {{schema:0 count:7 sum:11 z_bucket:1 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[1 1 1] n_buckets:[1 1 1]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m histogram_mul_div*0
+    {} {{schema:0 count:0 sum:0 z_bucket:0 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[0 0 0] n_buckets:[0 0 0]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m 0*histogram_mul_div
+    {} {{schema:0 count:0 sum:0 z_bucket:0 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[0 0 0] n_buckets:[0 0 0]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m histogram_mul_div*float_series_0
+    {} {{schema:0 count:0 sum:0 z_bucket:0 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[0 0 0] n_buckets:[0 0 0]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m float_series_0*histogram_mul_div
+    {} {{schema:0 count:0 sum:0 z_bucket:0 z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[0 0 0] n_buckets:[0 0 0]}}
+
+# TODO: (NeerajGartia21) remove all the histogram buckets in case of division with zero. See: https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/13934
+eval instant at 10m histogram_mul_div/0
+    {} {{schema:0 count:Inf sum:Inf z_bucket:Inf z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[Inf Inf Inf] n_buckets:[Inf Inf Inf]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m histogram_mul_div/float_series_0
+    {} {{schema:0 count:Inf sum:Inf z_bucket:Inf z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[Inf Inf Inf] n_buckets:[Inf Inf Inf]}}
+
+eval instant at 10m histogram_mul_div*0/0
+    {} {{schema:0 count:NaN sum:NaN z_bucket:NaN z_bucket_w:0.001 buckets:[NaN NaN NaN] n_buckets:[NaN NaN NaN]}}
+
 clear
 
 # Counter reset only noticeable in a single bucket.

From b0677263c3d40efcb86ff21afe9b29d860660a45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Rawal <84058124+kevinrawal@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2024 23:06:31 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 154/180] Update basics.md

fix broken URL for feature flags native histograms in querying prometheus documentation

Signed-off-by: Kevin Rawal <84058124+kevinrawal@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 docs/querying/basics.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/querying/basics.md b/docs/querying/basics.md
index 304c9f07d..81ffb4e0f 100644
--- a/docs/querying/basics.md
+++ b/docs/querying/basics.md
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ vector is the only type which can be graphed.
 _Notes about the experimental native histograms:_
 
 * Ingesting native histograms has to be enabled via a [feature
-  flag](../../feature_flags.md#native-histograms).
+  flag](../feature_flags.md#native-histograms).
 * Once native histograms have been ingested into the TSDB (and even after
   disabling the feature flag again), both instant vectors and range vectors may
   now contain samples that aren't simple floating point numbers (float samples)

From a77f5007f9debcc1fc5b7133ac422e2b164a8c99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Callum Styan <callumstyan@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2024 00:14:20 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 155/180] fix bug with metadata for rw2 (#14766)

Signed-off-by: Callum Styan <callumstyan@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/wlog/watcher.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
index 86e6f9c81..ac5041e87 100644
--- a/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
+++ b/tsdb/wlog/watcher.go
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ func (w *Watcher) readSegment(r *LiveReader, segmentNum int, tail bool) error {
 			}
 
 		case record.Metadata:
-			if !w.sendMetadata || !tail {
+			if !w.sendMetadata {
 				break
 			}
 			meta, err := dec.Metadata(rec, metadata[:0])

From d550c4a0b97ff1ad7cd427f562d7eadde894d417 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:13:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 156/180] [COMMENT] Improve comment on almost.Equal; add tests

At first it wasn't obvious to me why the first check would give a
different result to the second.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 util/almost/almost.go      |  6 ++---
 util/almost/almost_test.go | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 util/almost/almost_test.go

diff --git a/util/almost/almost.go b/util/almost/almost.go
index a40462658..5f866b89b 100644
--- a/util/almost/almost.go
+++ b/util/almost/almost.go
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ import (
 var minNormal = math.Float64frombits(0x0010000000000000) // The smallest positive normal value of type float64.
 
 // Equal returns true if a and b differ by less than their sum
-// multiplied by epsilon.
+// multiplied by epsilon, or if both are StaleNaN, or if both are any other NaN.
 func Equal(a, b, epsilon float64) bool {
-	// StaleNaN is a special value that is used as staleness maker, so
-	// the two values are equal when both are exactly equals to stale NaN.
+	// StaleNaN is a special value that is used as staleness maker, and
+	// we don't want it to compare equal to any other NaN.
 	if value.IsStaleNaN(a) || value.IsStaleNaN(b) {
 		return value.IsStaleNaN(a) && value.IsStaleNaN(b)
 	}
diff --git a/util/almost/almost_test.go b/util/almost/almost_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fba37f13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/almost/almost_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package almost
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/value"
+)
+
+func TestEqual(t *testing.T) {
+	staleNaN := math.Float64frombits(value.StaleNaN)
+	tests := []struct {
+		a       float64
+		b       float64
+		epsilon float64
+		want    bool
+	}{
+		{0.0, 0.0, 0.0, true},
+		{0.0, 0.1, 0.0, false},
+		{1.0, 1.1, 0.1, true},
+		{-1.0, -1.1, 0.1, true},
+		{math.MaxFloat64, math.MaxFloat64 / 10, 0.1, false},
+		{1.0, math.NaN(), 0.1, false},
+		{math.NaN(), math.NaN(), 0.1, true},
+		{math.NaN(), staleNaN, 0.1, false},
+		{staleNaN, math.NaN(), 0.1, false},
+		{staleNaN, staleNaN, 0.1, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%v,%v,%v", tt.a, tt.b, tt.epsilon), func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := Equal(tt.a, tt.b, tt.epsilon); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("Equal(%v,%v,%v) = %v, want %v", tt.a, tt.b, tt.epsilon, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

From bc6c2c5d3502926852f33df0b0a8da1cb3c7bd00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2024 11:30:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 157/180] OTLP Receiver: Add tests (#14764)

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>
---
 .../prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go      | 225 +++++
 .../prometheusremotewrite/histograms_test.go  | 771 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../number_data_points_test.go                | 258 ++++++
 .../prometheusremotewrite/testutil_test.go    |  55 ++
 4 files changed, 1309 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms_test.go
 create mode 100644 storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go
 create mode 100644 storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/testutil_test.go

diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go
index 729d99b8a..e02ebbf5d 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
+// Provenance-includes-location: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/debbf30360b8d3a0ded8db09c4419d2a9c99b94a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go
+// Provenance-includes-license: Apache-2.0
+// Provenance-includes-copyright: Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors.
+
 package prometheusremotewrite
 
 import (
@@ -18,6 +22,9 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pcommon"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pmetric"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
 )
@@ -178,3 +185,221 @@ func Test_convertTimeStamp(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestPrometheusConverter_AddSummaryDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := pcommon.Timestamp(time.Now().UnixNano())
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		metric func() pmetric.Metric
+		want   func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "summary with start time",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+				metric.SetName("test_summary")
+				metric.SetEmptySummary()
+
+				dp := metric.Summary().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				dp.SetTimestamp(ts)
+				dp.SetStartTimestamp(ts)
+
+				return metric
+			},
+			want: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_summary" + countStr},
+				}
+				createdLabels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_summary" + createdSuffix},
+				}
+				sumLabels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_summary" + sumStr},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 0, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+					timeSeriesSignature(sumLabels): {
+						Labels: sumLabels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 0, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+					timeSeriesSignature(createdLabels): {
+						Labels: createdLabels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: float64(convertTimeStamp(ts)), Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "summary without start time",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+				metric.SetName("test_summary")
+				metric.SetEmptySummary()
+
+				dp := metric.Summary().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				dp.SetTimestamp(ts)
+
+				return metric
+			},
+			want: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_summary" + countStr},
+				}
+				sumLabels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_summary" + sumStr},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 0, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+					timeSeriesSignature(sumLabels): {
+						Labels: sumLabels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 0, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			metric := tt.metric()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
+
+			converter.addSummaryDataPoints(
+				metric.Summary().DataPoints(),
+				pcommon.NewResource(),
+				Settings{
+					ExportCreatedMetric: true,
+				},
+				metric.Name(),
+			)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want(), converter.unique)
+			assert.Empty(t, converter.conflicts)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrometheusConverter_AddHistogramDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := pcommon.Timestamp(time.Now().UnixNano())
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		metric func() pmetric.Metric
+		want   func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "histogram with start time",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+				metric.SetName("test_hist")
+				metric.SetEmptyHistogram().SetAggregationTemporality(pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative)
+
+				pt := metric.Histogram().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				pt.SetTimestamp(ts)
+				pt.SetStartTimestamp(ts)
+
+				return metric
+			},
+			want: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_hist" + countStr},
+				}
+				createdLabels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_hist" + createdSuffix},
+				}
+				infLabels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_hist_bucket"},
+					{Name: model.BucketLabel, Value: "+Inf"},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(infLabels): {
+						Labels: infLabels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 0, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 0, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+					timeSeriesSignature(createdLabels): {
+						Labels: createdLabels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: float64(convertTimeStamp(ts)), Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "histogram without start time",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+				metric.SetName("test_hist")
+				metric.SetEmptyHistogram().SetAggregationTemporality(pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative)
+
+				pt := metric.Histogram().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				pt.SetTimestamp(ts)
+
+				return metric
+			},
+			want: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_hist" + countStr},
+				}
+				infLabels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_hist_bucket"},
+					{Name: model.BucketLabel, Value: "+Inf"},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(infLabels): {
+						Labels: infLabels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 0, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 0, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			metric := tt.metric()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
+
+			converter.addHistogramDataPoints(
+				metric.Histogram().DataPoints(),
+				pcommon.NewResource(),
+				Settings{
+					ExportCreatedMetric: true,
+				},
+				metric.Name(),
+			)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want(), converter.unique)
+			assert.Empty(t, converter.conflicts)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd1c858ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,771 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+// Provenance-includes-location: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/247a9f996e09a83cdc25addf70c05e42b8b30186/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms_test.go
+// Provenance-includes-license: Apache-2.0
+// Provenance-includes-copyright: Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors.
+
+package prometheusremotewrite
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pcommon"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pmetric"
+
+	prometheustranslator "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheus"
+)
+
+type expectedBucketLayout struct {
+	wantSpans  []prompb.BucketSpan
+	wantDeltas []int64
+}
+
+func TestConvertBucketsLayout(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		buckets    func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets
+		wantLayout map[int32]expectedBucketLayout
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "zero offset",
+			buckets: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets {
+				b := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets()
+				b.SetOffset(0)
+				b.BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{4, 3, 2, 1})
+				return b
+			},
+			wantLayout: map[int32]expectedBucketLayout{
+				0: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 1,
+							Length: 4,
+						},
+					},
+					wantDeltas: []int64{4, -1, -1, -1},
+				},
+				1: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 1,
+							Length: 2,
+						},
+					},
+					// 4+3, 2+1 = 7, 3 =delta= 7, -4
+					wantDeltas: []int64{7, -4},
+				},
+				2: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 1,
+							Length: 1,
+						},
+					},
+					// 4+3+2+1 = 10 =delta= 10
+					wantDeltas: []int64{10},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "offset 1",
+			buckets: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets {
+				b := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets()
+				b.SetOffset(1)
+				b.BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{4, 3, 2, 1})
+				return b
+			},
+			wantLayout: map[int32]expectedBucketLayout{
+				0: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 2,
+							Length: 4,
+						},
+					},
+					wantDeltas: []int64{4, -1, -1, -1},
+				},
+				1: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 1,
+							Length: 3,
+						},
+					},
+					wantDeltas: []int64{4, 1, -4}, // 0+4, 3+2, 1+0 = 4, 5, 1
+				},
+				2: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 1,
+							Length: 2,
+						},
+					},
+					wantDeltas: []int64{9, -8}, // 0+4+3+2, 1+0+0+0 = 9, 1
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "positive offset",
+			buckets: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets {
+				b := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets()
+				b.SetOffset(4)
+				b.BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{4, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1})
+				return b
+			},
+			wantLayout: map[int32]expectedBucketLayout{
+				0: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 5,
+							Length: 4,
+						},
+						{
+							Offset: 12,
+							Length: 1,
+						},
+					},
+					wantDeltas: []int64{4, -2, -2, 2, -1},
+				},
+				1: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 3,
+							Length: 2,
+						},
+						{
+							Offset: 6,
+							Length: 1,
+						},
+					},
+					// Downscale:
+					// 4+2, 0+2, 0+0, 0+0, 0+0, 0+0, 0+0, 0+0, 1+0 = 6, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1
+					wantDeltas: []int64{6, -4, -1},
+				},
+				2: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 2,
+							Length: 1,
+						},
+						{
+							Offset: 3,
+							Length: 1,
+						},
+					},
+					// Downscale:
+					// 4+2+0+2, 0+0+0+0, 0+0+0+0, 0+0+0+0, 1+0+0+0 = 8, 0, 0, 0, 1
+					// Check from sclaing from previous: 6+2, 0+0, 0+0, 0+0, 1+0 = 8, 0, 0, 0, 1
+					wantDeltas: []int64{8, -7},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "scaledown merges spans",
+			buckets: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets {
+				b := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets()
+				b.SetOffset(4)
+				b.BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{4, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1})
+				return b
+			},
+			wantLayout: map[int32]expectedBucketLayout{
+				0: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 5,
+							Length: 4,
+						},
+						{
+							Offset: 8,
+							Length: 1,
+						},
+					},
+					wantDeltas: []int64{4, -2, -2, 2, -1},
+				},
+				1: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 3,
+							Length: 2,
+						},
+						{
+							Offset: 4,
+							Length: 1,
+						},
+					},
+					// Downscale:
+					// 4+2, 0+2, 0+0, 0+0, 0+0, 0+0, 1+0 = 6, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1
+					wantDeltas: []int64{6, -4, -1},
+				},
+				2: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 2,
+							Length: 4,
+						},
+					},
+					// Downscale:
+					// 4+2+0+2, 0+0+0+0, 0+0+0+0, 1+0+0+0 = 8, 0, 0, 1
+					// Check from sclaing from previous: 6+2, 0+0, 0+0, 1+0 = 8, 0, 0, 1
+					wantDeltas: []int64{8, -8, 0, 1},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "negative offset",
+			buckets: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets {
+				b := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets()
+				b.SetOffset(-2)
+				b.BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1})
+				return b
+			},
+			wantLayout: map[int32]expectedBucketLayout{
+				0: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: -1,
+							Length: 2,
+						},
+						{
+							Offset: 3,
+							Length: 1,
+						},
+					},
+					wantDeltas: []int64{3, -2, 0},
+				},
+				1: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 0,
+							Length: 3,
+						},
+					},
+					// Downscale:
+					// 3+1, 0+0, 0+1 = 4, 0, 1
+					wantDeltas: []int64{4, -4, 1},
+				},
+				2: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 0,
+							Length: 2,
+						},
+					},
+					// Downscale:
+					// 0+0+3+1, 0+0+0+0 = 4, 1
+					wantDeltas: []int64{4, -3},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "buckets with gaps of size 1",
+			buckets: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets {
+				b := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets()
+				b.SetOffset(-2)
+				b.BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1})
+				return b
+			},
+			wantLayout: map[int32]expectedBucketLayout{
+				0: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: -1,
+							Length: 6,
+						},
+					},
+					wantDeltas: []int64{3, -2, -1, 1, -1, 1},
+				},
+				1: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 0,
+							Length: 3,
+						},
+					},
+					// Downscale:
+					// 3+1, 0+1, 0+1 = 4, 1, 1
+					wantDeltas: []int64{4, -3, 0},
+				},
+				2: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 0,
+							Length: 2,
+						},
+					},
+					// Downscale:
+					// 0+0+3+1, 0+1+0+1 = 4, 2
+					wantDeltas: []int64{4, -2},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "buckets with gaps of size 2",
+			buckets: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets {
+				b := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets()
+				b.SetOffset(-2)
+				b.BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1})
+				return b
+			},
+			wantLayout: map[int32]expectedBucketLayout{
+				0: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: -1,
+							Length: 7,
+						},
+					},
+					wantDeltas: []int64{3, -3, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1},
+				},
+				1: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 0,
+							Length: 4,
+						},
+					},
+					// Downscale:
+					// 3+0, 0+1, 0+0, 0+1 = 3, 1, 0, 1
+					wantDeltas: []int64{3, -2, -1, 1},
+				},
+				2: {
+					wantSpans: []prompb.BucketSpan{
+						{
+							Offset: 0,
+							Length: 3,
+						},
+					},
+					// Downscale:
+					// 0+0+3+0, 0+1+0+0, 1+0+0+0 = 3, 1, 1
+					wantDeltas: []int64{3, -2, 0},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "zero buckets",
+			buckets: pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets,
+			wantLayout: map[int32]expectedBucketLayout{
+				0: {
+					wantSpans:  nil,
+					wantDeltas: nil,
+				},
+				1: {
+					wantSpans:  nil,
+					wantDeltas: nil,
+				},
+				2: {
+					wantSpans:  nil,
+					wantDeltas: nil,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		for scaleDown, wantLayout := range tt.wantLayout {
+			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s-scaleby-%d", tt.name, scaleDown), func(t *testing.T) {
+				gotSpans, gotDeltas := convertBucketsLayout(tt.buckets(), scaleDown)
+				assert.Equal(t, wantLayout.wantSpans, gotSpans)
+				assert.Equal(t, wantLayout.wantDeltas, gotDeltas)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkConvertBucketLayout(b *testing.B) {
+	scenarios := []struct {
+		gap int
+	}{
+		{gap: 0},
+		{gap: 1},
+		{gap: 2},
+		{gap: 3},
+	}
+
+	for _, scenario := range scenarios {
+		buckets := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPointBuckets()
+		buckets.SetOffset(0)
+		for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+			if i%(scenario.gap+1) == 0 {
+				buckets.BucketCounts().Append(10)
+			} else {
+				buckets.BucketCounts().Append(0)
+			}
+		}
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("gap %d", scenario.gap), func(b *testing.B) {
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				convertBucketsLayout(buckets, 0)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExponentialToNativeHistogram(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		exponentialHist func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint
+		wantNativeHist  func() prompb.Histogram
+		wantErrMessage  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "convert exp. to native histogram",
+			exponentialHist: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint {
+				pt := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPoint()
+				pt.SetStartTimestamp(pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(time.UnixMilli(100)))
+				pt.SetTimestamp(pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(time.UnixMilli(500)))
+				pt.SetCount(4)
+				pt.SetSum(10.1)
+				pt.SetScale(1)
+				pt.SetZeroCount(1)
+
+				pt.Positive().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{1, 1})
+				pt.Positive().SetOffset(1)
+
+				pt.Negative().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{1, 1})
+				pt.Negative().SetOffset(1)
+
+				return pt
+			},
+			wantNativeHist: func() prompb.Histogram {
+				return prompb.Histogram{
+					Count:          &prompb.Histogram_CountInt{CountInt: 4},
+					Sum:            10.1,
+					Schema:         1,
+					ZeroThreshold:  defaultZeroThreshold,
+					ZeroCount:      &prompb.Histogram_ZeroCountInt{ZeroCountInt: 1},
+					NegativeSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 2, Length: 2}},
+					NegativeDeltas: []int64{1, 0},
+					PositiveSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 2, Length: 2}},
+					PositiveDeltas: []int64{1, 0},
+					Timestamp:      500,
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "convert exp. to native histogram with no sum",
+			exponentialHist: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint {
+				pt := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPoint()
+				pt.SetStartTimestamp(pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(time.UnixMilli(100)))
+				pt.SetTimestamp(pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(time.UnixMilli(500)))
+
+				pt.SetCount(4)
+				pt.SetScale(1)
+				pt.SetZeroCount(1)
+
+				pt.Positive().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{1, 1})
+				pt.Positive().SetOffset(1)
+
+				pt.Negative().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{1, 1})
+				pt.Negative().SetOffset(1)
+
+				return pt
+			},
+			wantNativeHist: func() prompb.Histogram {
+				return prompb.Histogram{
+					Count:          &prompb.Histogram_CountInt{CountInt: 4},
+					Schema:         1,
+					ZeroThreshold:  defaultZeroThreshold,
+					ZeroCount:      &prompb.Histogram_ZeroCountInt{ZeroCountInt: 1},
+					NegativeSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 2, Length: 2}},
+					NegativeDeltas: []int64{1, 0},
+					PositiveSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 2, Length: 2}},
+					PositiveDeltas: []int64{1, 0},
+					Timestamp:      500,
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid negative scale",
+			exponentialHist: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint {
+				pt := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPoint()
+				pt.SetScale(-10)
+				return pt
+			},
+			wantErrMessage: "cannot convert exponential to native histogram." +
+				" Scale must be >= -4, was -10",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no downscaling at scale 8",
+			exponentialHist: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint {
+				pt := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPoint()
+				pt.SetTimestamp(pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(time.UnixMilli(500)))
+				pt.SetCount(6)
+				pt.SetSum(10.1)
+				pt.SetScale(8)
+				pt.SetZeroCount(1)
+
+				pt.Positive().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{1, 1, 1})
+				pt.Positive().SetOffset(1)
+
+				pt.Negative().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{1, 1, 1})
+				pt.Negative().SetOffset(2)
+				return pt
+			},
+			wantNativeHist: func() prompb.Histogram {
+				return prompb.Histogram{
+					Count:          &prompb.Histogram_CountInt{CountInt: 6},
+					Sum:            10.1,
+					Schema:         8,
+					ZeroThreshold:  defaultZeroThreshold,
+					ZeroCount:      &prompb.Histogram_ZeroCountInt{ZeroCountInt: 1},
+					PositiveSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 2, Length: 3}},
+					PositiveDeltas: []int64{1, 0, 0}, // 1, 1, 1
+					NegativeSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 3, Length: 3}},
+					NegativeDeltas: []int64{1, 0, 0}, // 1, 1, 1
+					Timestamp:      500,
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "downsample if scale is more than 8",
+			exponentialHist: func() pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint {
+				pt := pmetric.NewExponentialHistogramDataPoint()
+				pt.SetTimestamp(pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(time.UnixMilli(500)))
+				pt.SetCount(6)
+				pt.SetSum(10.1)
+				pt.SetScale(9)
+				pt.SetZeroCount(1)
+
+				pt.Positive().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{1, 1, 1})
+				pt.Positive().SetOffset(1)
+
+				pt.Negative().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{1, 1, 1})
+				pt.Negative().SetOffset(2)
+				return pt
+			},
+			wantNativeHist: func() prompb.Histogram {
+				return prompb.Histogram{
+					Count:          &prompb.Histogram_CountInt{CountInt: 6},
+					Sum:            10.1,
+					Schema:         8,
+					ZeroThreshold:  defaultZeroThreshold,
+					ZeroCount:      &prompb.Histogram_ZeroCountInt{ZeroCountInt: 1},
+					PositiveSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 1, Length: 2}},
+					PositiveDeltas: []int64{1, 1}, // 0+1, 1+1 = 1, 2
+					NegativeSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 2, Length: 2}},
+					NegativeDeltas: []int64{2, -1}, // 1+1, 1+0 = 2, 1
+					Timestamp:      500,
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			validateExponentialHistogramCount(t, tt.exponentialHist()) // Sanity check.
+			got, annots, err := exponentialToNativeHistogram(tt.exponentialHist())
+			if tt.wantErrMessage != "" {
+				assert.ErrorContains(t, err, tt.wantErrMessage)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Empty(t, annots)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantNativeHist(), got)
+			validateNativeHistogramCount(t, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func validateExponentialHistogramCount(t *testing.T, h pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPoint) {
+	actualCount := uint64(0)
+	for _, bucket := range h.Positive().BucketCounts().AsRaw() {
+		actualCount += bucket
+	}
+	for _, bucket := range h.Negative().BucketCounts().AsRaw() {
+		actualCount += bucket
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, h.Count(), actualCount, "exponential histogram count mismatch")
+}
+
+func validateNativeHistogramCount(t *testing.T, h prompb.Histogram) {
+	require.NotNil(t, h.Count)
+	require.IsType(t, &prompb.Histogram_CountInt{}, h.Count)
+	want := h.Count.(*prompb.Histogram_CountInt).CountInt
+	var (
+		actualCount uint64
+		prevBucket  int64
+	)
+	for _, delta := range h.PositiveDeltas {
+		prevBucket += delta
+		actualCount += uint64(prevBucket)
+	}
+	prevBucket = 0
+	for _, delta := range h.NegativeDeltas {
+		prevBucket += delta
+		actualCount += uint64(prevBucket)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, want, actualCount, "native histogram count mismatch")
+}
+
+func TestPrometheusConverter_addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		metric     func() pmetric.Metric
+		wantSeries func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "histogram data points with same labels",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+				metric.SetName("test_hist")
+				metric.SetEmptyExponentialHistogram().SetAggregationTemporality(pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative)
+
+				pt := metric.ExponentialHistogram().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				pt.SetCount(7)
+				pt.SetScale(1)
+				pt.Positive().SetOffset(-1)
+				pt.Positive().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{4, 2})
+				pt.Exemplars().AppendEmpty().SetDoubleValue(1)
+				pt.Attributes().PutStr("attr", "test_attr")
+
+				pt = metric.ExponentialHistogram().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				pt.SetCount(4)
+				pt.SetScale(1)
+				pt.Positive().SetOffset(-1)
+				pt.Positive().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{4, 2, 1})
+				pt.Exemplars().AppendEmpty().SetDoubleValue(2)
+				pt.Attributes().PutStr("attr", "test_attr")
+
+				return metric
+			},
+			wantSeries: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_hist"},
+					{Name: "attr", Value: "test_attr"},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Histograms: []prompb.Histogram{
+							{
+								Count:          &prompb.Histogram_CountInt{CountInt: 7},
+								Schema:         1,
+								ZeroThreshold:  defaultZeroThreshold,
+								ZeroCount:      &prompb.Histogram_ZeroCountInt{ZeroCountInt: 0},
+								PositiveSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 0, Length: 2}},
+								PositiveDeltas: []int64{4, -2},
+							},
+							{
+								Count:          &prompb.Histogram_CountInt{CountInt: 4},
+								Schema:         1,
+								ZeroThreshold:  defaultZeroThreshold,
+								ZeroCount:      &prompb.Histogram_ZeroCountInt{ZeroCountInt: 0},
+								PositiveSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 0, Length: 3}},
+								PositiveDeltas: []int64{4, -2, -1},
+							},
+						},
+						Exemplars: []prompb.Exemplar{
+							{Value: 1},
+							{Value: 2},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "histogram data points with different labels",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+				metric.SetName("test_hist")
+				metric.SetEmptyExponentialHistogram().SetAggregationTemporality(pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative)
+
+				pt := metric.ExponentialHistogram().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				pt.SetCount(7)
+				pt.SetScale(1)
+				pt.Positive().SetOffset(-1)
+				pt.Positive().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{4, 2})
+				pt.Exemplars().AppendEmpty().SetDoubleValue(1)
+				pt.Attributes().PutStr("attr", "test_attr")
+
+				pt = metric.ExponentialHistogram().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				pt.SetCount(4)
+				pt.SetScale(1)
+				pt.Negative().SetOffset(-1)
+				pt.Negative().BucketCounts().FromRaw([]uint64{4, 2, 1})
+				pt.Exemplars().AppendEmpty().SetDoubleValue(2)
+				pt.Attributes().PutStr("attr", "test_attr_two")
+
+				return metric
+			},
+			wantSeries: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_hist"},
+					{Name: "attr", Value: "test_attr"},
+				}
+				labelsAnother := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_hist"},
+					{Name: "attr", Value: "test_attr_two"},
+				}
+
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Histograms: []prompb.Histogram{
+							{
+								Count:          &prompb.Histogram_CountInt{CountInt: 7},
+								Schema:         1,
+								ZeroThreshold:  defaultZeroThreshold,
+								ZeroCount:      &prompb.Histogram_ZeroCountInt{ZeroCountInt: 0},
+								PositiveSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 0, Length: 2}},
+								PositiveDeltas: []int64{4, -2},
+							},
+						},
+						Exemplars: []prompb.Exemplar{
+							{Value: 1},
+						},
+					},
+					timeSeriesSignature(labelsAnother): {
+						Labels: labelsAnother,
+						Histograms: []prompb.Histogram{
+							{
+								Count:          &prompb.Histogram_CountInt{CountInt: 4},
+								Schema:         1,
+								ZeroThreshold:  defaultZeroThreshold,
+								ZeroCount:      &prompb.Histogram_ZeroCountInt{ZeroCountInt: 0},
+								NegativeSpans:  []prompb.BucketSpan{{Offset: 0, Length: 3}},
+								NegativeDeltas: []int64{4, -2, -1},
+							},
+						},
+						Exemplars: []prompb.Exemplar{
+							{Value: 2},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			metric := tt.metric()
+
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
+			annots, err := converter.addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(
+				metric.ExponentialHistogram().DataPoints(),
+				pcommon.NewResource(),
+				Settings{
+					ExportCreatedMetric: true,
+				},
+				prometheustranslator.BuildCompliantName(metric, "", true),
+			)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Empty(t, annots)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantSeries(), converter.unique)
+			assert.Empty(t, converter.conflicts)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41afc8c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+// Provenance-includes-location: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/247a9f996e09a83cdc25addf70c05e42b8b30186/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go
+// Provenance-includes-license: Apache-2.0
+// Provenance-includes-copyright: Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors.
+
+package prometheusremotewrite
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pcommon"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pmetric"
+)
+
+func TestPrometheusConverter_addGaugeNumberDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := uint64(time.Now().UnixNano())
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		metric func() pmetric.Metric
+		want   func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "gauge",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				return getIntGaugeMetric(
+					"test",
+					pcommon.NewMap(),
+					1, ts,
+				)
+			},
+			want: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test"},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{
+								Value:     1,
+								Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(pcommon.Timestamp(ts)),
+							}},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			metric := tt.metric()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
+
+			converter.addGaugeNumberDataPoints(
+				metric.Gauge().DataPoints(),
+				pcommon.NewResource(),
+				Settings{
+					ExportCreatedMetric: true,
+				},
+				metric.Name(),
+			)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want(), converter.unique)
+			assert.Empty(t, converter.conflicts)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrometheusConverter_addSumNumberDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := pcommon.Timestamp(time.Now().UnixNano())
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		metric func() pmetric.Metric
+		want   func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "sum",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				return getIntSumMetric(
+					"test",
+					pcommon.NewMap(),
+					1,
+					uint64(ts.AsTime().UnixNano()),
+				)
+			},
+			want: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test"},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{
+								Value:     1,
+								Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts),
+							}},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "sum with exemplars",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				m := getIntSumMetric(
+					"test",
+					pcommon.NewMap(),
+					1,
+					uint64(ts.AsTime().UnixNano()),
+				)
+				m.Sum().DataPoints().At(0).Exemplars().AppendEmpty().SetDoubleValue(2)
+				return m
+			},
+			want: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test"},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{{
+							Value:     1,
+							Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts),
+						}},
+						Exemplars: []prompb.Exemplar{
+							{Value: 2},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "monotonic cumulative sum with start timestamp",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+				metric.SetName("test_sum")
+				metric.SetEmptySum().SetAggregationTemporality(pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative)
+				metric.SetEmptySum().SetIsMonotonic(true)
+
+				dp := metric.Sum().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				dp.SetDoubleValue(1)
+				dp.SetTimestamp(ts)
+				dp.SetStartTimestamp(ts)
+
+				return metric
+			},
+			want: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_sum"},
+				}
+				createdLabels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_sum" + createdSuffix},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 1, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+					timeSeriesSignature(createdLabels): {
+						Labels: createdLabels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: float64(convertTimeStamp(ts)), Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "monotonic cumulative sum with no start time",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+				metric.SetName("test_sum")
+				metric.SetEmptySum().SetAggregationTemporality(pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative)
+				metric.SetEmptySum().SetIsMonotonic(true)
+
+				dp := metric.Sum().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				dp.SetTimestamp(ts)
+
+				return metric
+			},
+			want: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_sum"},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 0, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "non-monotonic cumulative sum with start time",
+			metric: func() pmetric.Metric {
+				metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+				metric.SetName("test_sum")
+				metric.SetEmptySum().SetAggregationTemporality(pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative)
+				metric.SetEmptySum().SetIsMonotonic(false)
+
+				dp := metric.Sum().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+				dp.SetTimestamp(ts)
+
+				return metric
+			},
+			want: func() map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries {
+				labels := []prompb.Label{
+					{Name: model.MetricNameLabel, Value: "test_sum"},
+				}
+				return map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{
+					timeSeriesSignature(labels): {
+						Labels: labels,
+						Samples: []prompb.Sample{
+							{Value: 0, Timestamp: convertTimeStamp(ts)},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			metric := tt.metric()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
+
+			converter.addSumNumberDataPoints(
+				metric.Sum().DataPoints(),
+				pcommon.NewResource(),
+				metric,
+				Settings{
+					ExportCreatedMetric: true,
+				},
+				metric.Name(),
+			)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want(), converter.unique)
+			assert.Empty(t, converter.conflicts)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/testutil_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/testutil_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..187127fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/testutil_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+// Provenance-includes-location: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/247a9f996e09a83cdc25addf70c05e42b8b30186/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/testutil_test.go
+// Provenance-includes-license: Apache-2.0
+// Provenance-includes-copyright: Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors.
+
+package prometheusremotewrite
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pcommon"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pmetric"
+)
+
+func getIntGaugeMetric(name string, attributes pcommon.Map, value int64, ts uint64) pmetric.Metric {
+	metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+	metric.SetName(name)
+	dp := metric.SetEmptyGauge().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+	if strings.HasPrefix(name, "staleNaN") {
+		dp.SetFlags(pmetric.DefaultDataPointFlags.WithNoRecordedValue(true))
+	}
+	dp.SetIntValue(value)
+	attributes.CopyTo(dp.Attributes())
+
+	dp.SetStartTimestamp(pcommon.Timestamp(0))
+	dp.SetTimestamp(pcommon.Timestamp(ts))
+	return metric
+}
+
+func getIntSumMetric(name string, attributes pcommon.Map, value int64, ts uint64) pmetric.Metric {
+	metric := pmetric.NewMetric()
+	metric.SetName(name)
+	metric.SetEmptySum().SetAggregationTemporality(pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative)
+	dp := metric.Sum().DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+	if strings.HasPrefix(name, "staleNaN") {
+		dp.SetFlags(pmetric.DefaultDataPointFlags.WithNoRecordedValue(true))
+	}
+	dp.SetIntValue(value)
+	attributes.CopyTo(dp.Attributes())
+
+	dp.SetStartTimestamp(pcommon.Timestamp(0))
+	dp.SetTimestamp(pcommon.Timestamp(ts))
+	return metric
+}

From d23d196db58cbf5ee67d64932aeb14b6038d16c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2024 13:37:25 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 158/180] fix(discovery): prevent the manager from storing
 stale targetGroups

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>
---
 discovery/manager.go      | 10 +++++++++-
 discovery/manager_test.go | 18 ++++++++----------
 scrape/manager_test.go    |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/discovery/manager.go b/discovery/manager.go
index b7ebdb7e0..cefa90a86 100644
--- a/discovery/manager.go
+++ b/discovery/manager.go
@@ -394,8 +394,16 @@ func (m *Manager) updateGroup(poolKey poolKey, tgs []*targetgroup.Group) {
 		m.targets[poolKey] = make(map[string]*targetgroup.Group)
 	}
 	for _, tg := range tgs {
-		if tg != nil { // Some Discoverers send nil target group so need to check for it to avoid panics.
+		// Some Discoverers send nil target group so need to check for it to avoid panics.
+		if tg == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(tg.Targets) > 0 {
 			m.targets[poolKey][tg.Source] = tg
+		} else {
+			// The target group is empty, drop the corresponding entry to avoid leaks.
+			// In case the group yielded targets before, allGroups() will take care of making consumers drop them.
+			delete(m.targets[poolKey], tg.Source)
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/discovery/manager_test.go b/discovery/manager_test.go
index 707c3931d..831cefe51 100644
--- a/discovery/manager_test.go
+++ b/discovery/manager_test.go
@@ -1051,8 +1051,8 @@ func TestDiscovererConfigs(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TestTargetSetRecreatesEmptyStaticConfigs ensures that reloading a config file after
-// removing all targets from the static_configs sends an update with empty targetGroups.
-// This is required to signal the receiver that this target set has no current targets.
+// removing all targets from the static_configs cleans the corresponding targetGroups entries to avoid leaks and sends an empty update.
+// The update is required to signal the consumers that the previous targets should be dropped.
 func TestTargetSetRecreatesEmptyStaticConfigs(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
@@ -1085,16 +1085,14 @@ func TestTargetSetRecreatesEmptyStaticConfigs(t *testing.T) {
 	discoveryManager.ApplyConfig(c)
 
 	syncedTargets = <-discoveryManager.SyncCh()
+	require.Len(t, discoveryManager.targets, 1)
 	p = pk("static", "prometheus", 1)
 	targetGroups, ok := discoveryManager.targets[p]
-	require.True(t, ok, "'%v' should be present in target groups", p)
-	group, ok := targetGroups[""]
-	require.True(t, ok, "missing '' key in target groups %v", targetGroups)
-
-	require.Empty(t, group.Targets, "Invalid number of targets.")
-	require.Len(t, syncedTargets, 1)
-	require.Len(t, syncedTargets["prometheus"], 1)
-	require.Nil(t, syncedTargets["prometheus"][0].Labels)
+	require.True(t, ok, "'%v' should be present in targets", p)
+	// Otherwise the targetGroups will leak, see https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/12436.
+	require.Empty(t, targetGroups, 0, "'%v' should no longer have any associated target groups", p)
+	require.Len(t, syncedTargets, 1, "an update with no targetGroups should still be sent.")
+	require.Empty(t, syncedTargets["prometheus"], 0)
 }
 
 func TestIdenticalConfigurationsAreCoalesced(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/scrape/manager_test.go b/scrape/manager_test.go
index f260167b5..c71691c95 100644
--- a/scrape/manager_test.go
+++ b/scrape/manager_test.go
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ scrape_configs:
 	)
 }
 
-// TestOnlyStaleTargetsAreDropped makes sure that when a job has multiple providers, when aone of them should no,
+// TestOnlyStaleTargetsAreDropped makes sure that when a job has multiple providers, when one of them should no
 // longer discover targets, only the stale targets of that provier are dropped.
 func TestOnlyStaleTargetsAreDropped(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())

From a693dd19f244f000da40bcbac85041846b78cfc1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gy=C3=B6rgy=20Krajcsovits?= <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2024 16:44:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 159/180] Fix: chunkenc.MockSeriesIterator
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Starts its index from 0 , but users call Next() before first sample
so it needs to start from -1

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>
---
 storage/interface_test.go | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tsdb/chunkenc/chunk.go    |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 storage/interface_test.go

diff --git a/storage/interface_test.go b/storage/interface_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba6072173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storage/interface_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package storage_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/chunkenc"
+)
+
+func TestMockSeries(t *testing.T) {
+	s := storage.MockSeries([]int64{1, 2, 3}, []float64{1, 2, 3}, []string{"__name__", "foo"})
+	it := s.Iterator(nil)
+	ts := []int64{}
+	vs := []float64{}
+	for it.Next() == chunkenc.ValFloat {
+		t, v := it.At()
+		ts = append(ts, t)
+		vs = append(vs, v)
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, []int64{1, 2, 3}, ts)
+	require.Equal(t, []float64{1, 2, 3}, vs)
+}
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/chunk.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/chunk.go
index 1421f3b39..7082f34c3 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/chunk.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/chunk.go
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func MockSeriesIterator(timestamps []int64, values []float64) Iterator {
 	return &mockSeriesIterator{
 		timeStamps: timestamps,
 		values:     values,
-		currIndex:  0,
+		currIndex:  -1,
 	}
 }
 

From 471fb8c9788151e12df0a94a584c6d854f40087c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2024 23:07:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 160/180] Bump github/codeql-action from 3.25.15 to 3.26.6

Bumps [github/codeql-action](https://github.com/github/codeql-action) from 3.25.15 to 3.26.6.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/compare/afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a...4dd16135b69a43b6c8efb853346f8437d92d3c93)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github/codeql-action
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml | 6 +++---
 .github/workflows/scorecards.yml      | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
index 2e1bd3024..89aa2ba29 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
 
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@4dd16135b69a43b6c8efb853346f8437d92d3c93 # v3.26.6
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
 
       - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@4dd16135b69a43b6c8efb853346f8437d92d3c93 # v3.26.6
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # v3.25.15
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@4dd16135b69a43b6c8efb853346f8437d92d3c93 # v3.26.6
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
index 1132c057f..82cccb2bc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
@@ -45,6 +45,6 @@ jobs:
 
       # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
       - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@afb54ba388a7dca6ecae48f608c4ff05ff4cc77a # tag=v3.25.15
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@4dd16135b69a43b6c8efb853346f8437d92d3c93 # tag=v3.26.6
         with:
           sarif_file: results.sarif

From b2bb0d458bddc4c6eb6516ad18a178e764cf11d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2024 23:07:53 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 161/180] Bump prometheus/promci from 0.1.0 to 0.3.0

Bumps [prometheus/promci](https://github.com/prometheus/promci) from 0.1.0 to 0.3.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/prometheus/promci/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/prometheus/promci/compare/3cb0c3871f223bd5ce1226995bd52ffb314798b6...45166329da36d74895901808f1c8c97efafc7f84)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: prometheus/promci
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 16 ++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index c89c9507b..d314ac50a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
       image: quay.io/prometheus/golang-builder:1.22-base
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: prometheus/promci@3cb0c3871f223bd5ce1226995bd52ffb314798b6 # v0.1.0
+      - uses: prometheus/promci@45166329da36d74895901808f1c8c97efafc7f84 # v0.3.0
       - uses: ./.github/promci/actions/setup_environment
       - run: make GOOPTS=--tags=stringlabels GO_ONLY=1 SKIP_GOLANGCI_LINT=1
       - run: go test --tags=stringlabels ./tsdb/ -test.tsdb-isolation=false
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       image: quay.io/prometheus/golang-builder:1.22-base
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: prometheus/promci@3cb0c3871f223bd5ce1226995bd52ffb314798b6 # v0.1.0
+      - uses: prometheus/promci@45166329da36d74895901808f1c8c97efafc7f84 # v0.3.0
       - uses: ./.github/promci/actions/setup_environment
       - run: go test --tags=dedupelabels ./...
       - run: GOARCH=386 go test ./cmd/prometheus
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: prometheus/promci@3cb0c3871f223bd5ce1226995bd52ffb314798b6 # v0.1.0
+      - uses: prometheus/promci@45166329da36d74895901808f1c8c97efafc7f84 # v0.3.0
       - uses: ./.github/promci/actions/setup_environment
         with:
           enable_go: false
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ jobs:
         thread: [ 0, 1, 2 ]
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: prometheus/promci@3cb0c3871f223bd5ce1226995bd52ffb314798b6 # v0.1.0
+      - uses: prometheus/promci@45166329da36d74895901808f1c8c97efafc7f84 # v0.3.0
       - uses: ./.github/promci/actions/build
         with:
           promu_opts: "-p linux/amd64 -p windows/amd64 -p linux/arm64 -p darwin/amd64 -p darwin/arm64 -p linux/386"
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ jobs:
     # should also be updated.
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: prometheus/promci@3cb0c3871f223bd5ce1226995bd52ffb314798b6 # v0.1.0
+      - uses: prometheus/promci@45166329da36d74895901808f1c8c97efafc7f84 # v0.3.0
       - uses: ./.github/promci/actions/build
         with:
           parallelism: 12
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: prometheus/promci@3cb0c3871f223bd5ce1226995bd52ffb314798b6 # v0.1.0
+      - uses: prometheus/promci@45166329da36d74895901808f1c8c97efafc7f84 # v0.3.0
       - uses: ./.github/promci/actions/publish_main
         with:
           docker_hub_login: ${{ secrets.docker_hub_login }}
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v2.')
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: prometheus/promci@3cb0c3871f223bd5ce1226995bd52ffb314798b6 # v0.1.0
+      - uses: prometheus/promci@45166329da36d74895901808f1c8c97efafc7f84 # v0.3.0
       - uses: ./.github/promci/actions/publish_release
         with:
           docker_hub_login: ${{ secrets.docker_hub_login }}
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: prometheus/promci@3cb0c3871f223bd5ce1226995bd52ffb314798b6 # v0.1.0
+      - uses: prometheus/promci@45166329da36d74895901808f1c8c97efafc7f84 # v0.3.0
       - name: Install nodejs
         uses: actions/setup-node@60edb5dd545a775178f52524783378180af0d1f8 # v4.0.2
         with:

From 8789a124bccb658c39c10059ea10cc5e892e9d3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2024 23:07:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 162/180] Bump bufbuild/buf-setup-action from 1.35.1 to 1.39.0

Bumps [bufbuild/buf-setup-action](https://github.com/bufbuild/buf-setup-action) from 1.35.1 to 1.39.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/bufbuild/buf-setup-action/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/bufbuild/buf-setup-action/compare/aceb106d2419c4cff48863df90161d92decb8591...54abbed4fe8d8d45173eca4798b0c39a53a7b658)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: bufbuild/buf-setup-action
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/buf-lint.yml | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/buf.yml      | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/buf-lint.yml b/.github/workflows/buf-lint.yml
index 9f60a2336..3f6cf76e1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/buf-lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buf-lint.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@aceb106d2419c4cff48863df90161d92decb8591 # v1.35.1
+      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@54abbed4fe8d8d45173eca4798b0c39a53a7b658 # v1.39.0
         with:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - uses: bufbuild/buf-lint-action@06f9dd823d873146471cfaaf108a993fe00e5325 # v1.1.1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/buf.yml b/.github/workflows/buf.yml
index 1856fb95e..632d38cb0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/buf.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buf.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'prometheus'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@aceb106d2419c4cff48863df90161d92decb8591 # v1.35.1
+      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@54abbed4fe8d8d45173eca4798b0c39a53a7b658 # v1.39.0
         with:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - uses: bufbuild/buf-lint-action@06f9dd823d873146471cfaaf108a993fe00e5325 # v1.1.1

From 8dd49103ba6081fb1d5a8be8f3aa0062ac474552 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2024 23:15:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 163/180] Bump github.com/prometheus/common

Bumps [github.com/prometheus/common](https://github.com/prometheus/common) from 0.55.0 to 0.57.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/prometheus/common/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/prometheus/common/blob/main/RELEASE.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/prometheus/common/compare/v0.55.0...v0.57.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/prometheus/common
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod | 12 ++++-----
 documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum | 28 ++++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod
index bab39303d..e5e052469 100644
--- a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod
+++ b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.mod
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4
 	github.com/influxdata/influxdb v1.11.5
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.0
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.57.0
 	github.com/prometheus/prometheus v0.53.1
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 )
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jpillora/backoff v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.9 // indirect
 	github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.27.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240528184218-531527333157 // indirect
diff --git a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum
index 6e283cc74..34c474ef8 100644
--- a/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum
+++ b/documentation/examples/remote_storage/go.sum
@@ -187,8 +187,8 @@ github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0/go.mod h1:SYymIcj16QtmaHHD7aYtjjsJG7V
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0/go.mod h1:JR6WtHb+2LUe8TCKY3cZOxFyyO8IZAc4RVcycCCAKdM=
 github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.5.0/go.mod h1:pFxgyoBC7bSaBwPgfKdkLd5X25qrDl4LWUI2bnpBCr8=
 github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
-github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8 h1:YcnTYrq7MikUT7k0Yb5eceMmALQPYBW/Xltxn0NAMnU=
-github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8/go.mod h1:Di0epgTjJY877eYKx5yC51cX2A2Vl2ibi7bDH9ttBbw=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.9 h1:6KIumPrER1LHsvBVuDa0r5xaG0Es51mhhB9BQB2qeMA=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.9/go.mod h1:Di0epgTjJY877eYKx5yC51cX2A2Vl2ibi7bDH9ttBbw=
 github.com/kolo/xmlrpc v0.0.0-20220921171641-a4b6fa1dd06b h1:udzkj9S/zlT5X367kqJis0QP7YMxobob6zhzq6Yre00=
 github.com/kolo/xmlrpc v0.0.0-20220921171641-a4b6fa1dd06b/go.mod h1:pcaDhQK0/NJZEvtCO0qQPPropqV0sJOJ6YW7X+9kRwM=
 github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.1/go.mod h1:T0+1ngSBFLxvqU3pZ+m/2kptfBszLMUkC4ZK/EgS/cQ=
@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.1/go.mod h1:7SWBe2y4D6OKWSNQJUaRYU/AaXP
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.0.0/go.mod h1:db9x61etRT2tGnBNRi70OPL5FsnadC4Ky3P0J6CfImo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.7.1/go.mod h1:PY5Wy2awLA44sXw4AOSfFBetzPP4j5+D6mVACh+pe2M=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 h1:wZWJDwK+NameRJuPGDhlnFgx8e8HN3XHQeLaYJFJBOE=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1/go.mod h1:mP78NwGzrVks5S2H6ab8+ZZGJLZUq1hoULYBAYBw1Ho=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.0 h1:jBzTZ7B099Rg24tny+qngoynol8LtVYlA2bqx3vEloI=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.0/go.mod h1:PIEt8X02hGcP8JWbeHyeZ53Y/jReSnHgO035n//V5WE=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190129233127-fd36f4220a90/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
@@ -264,8 +264,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/common v0.4.1/go.mod h1:TNfzLD0ON7rHzMJeJkieUDPYmFC7Snx/y8
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.10.0/go.mod h1:Tlit/dnDKsSWFlCLTWaA1cyBgKHSMdTB80sz/V91rCo=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.26.0/go.mod h1:M7rCNAaPfAosfx8veZJCuw84e35h3Cfd9VFqTh1DIvc=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.29.0/go.mod h1:vu+V0TpY+O6vW9J44gczi3Ap/oXXR10b+M/gUGO4Hls=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 h1:KEi6DK7lXW/m7Ig5i47x0vRzuBsHuvJdi5ee6Y3G1dc=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0/go.mod h1:2SECS4xJG1kd8XF9IcM1gMX6510RAEL65zxzNImwdc8=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.57.0 h1:Ro/rKjwdq9mZn1K5QPctzh+MA4Lp0BuYk5ZZEVhoNcY=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.57.0/go.mod h1:7uRPFSUTbfZWsJ7MHY56sqt7hLQu3bxXHDnNhl8E9qI=
 github.com/prometheus/common/sigv4 v0.1.0 h1:qoVebwtwwEhS85Czm2dSROY5fTo2PAPEVdDeppTwGX4=
 github.com/prometheus/common/sigv4 v0.1.0/go.mod h1:2Jkxxk9yYvCkE5G1sQT7GuEXm57JrvHu9k5YwTjsNtI=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.0-20181005140218-185b4288413d/go.mod h1:c3At6R/oaqEKCNdg8wHV1ftS6bRYblBhIjjI8uT2IGk=
@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20180904163835-0709b304e793/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnf
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 h1:mnl8DM0o513X8fdIkmyFE/5hTYxbwYOjDS/+rK6qpRI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0/go.mod h1:Z1PMYSOR5nyMcyAVAIQSKCDwalqy85Aqn1x3Ws4L5DM=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240119083558-1b970713d09a h1:Q8/wZp0KX97QFTc2ywcOE0YRjZPVIx+MXInMzdvQqcA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240119083558-1b970713d09a/go.mod h1:idGWGoKP1toJGkd5/ig9ZLuPcZBC3ewk7SzmH0uou08=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
@@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200822124328-c89045814202/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81R
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201110031124-69a78807bb2b/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210525063256-abc453219eb5/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
+golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20210514164344-f6687ab2804c/go.mod h1:KelEdhl1UZF7XfJ4dDtk6s++YSgaE7mD/BuKKDLBl4A=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0 h1:tsimM75w1tF/uws5rbeHzIWxEqElMehnc+iW793zsZs=
@@ -373,11 +373,11 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210124154548-22da62e12c0c/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.21.0 h1:WVXCp+/EBEHOj53Rvu+7KiT/iElMrO8ACK16SMZ3jaA=
-golang.org/x/term v0.21.0/go.mod h1:ooXLefLobQVslOqselCNF4SxFAaoS6KujMbsGzSDmX0=
+golang.org/x/term v0.22.0 h1:BbsgPEJULsl2fV/AT3v15Mjva5yXKQDyKf+TbDz7QJk=
+golang.org/x/term v0.22.0/go.mod h1:F3qCibpT5AMpCRfhfT53vVJwhLtIVHhB9XDjfFvnMI4=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=

From 40e6188b6d085eb3a3b76105390a8b4e7aa03de4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2024 23:48:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 164/180] Bump github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate from
 1.0.4 to 1.1.0

Bumps [github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate](https://github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate) from 1.0.4 to 1.1.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/bufbuild/protoc-gen-validate/blob/main/.goreleaser.yaml)
- [Commits](https://github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate/compare/v1.0.4...v1.1.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 go.mod | 2 +-
 go.sum | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index af327c64a..a840a1b6a 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/docker/docker v27.1.1+incompatible
 	github.com/edsrzf/mmap-go v1.1.0
 	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.12.0
-	github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.0.4
+	github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.1.0
 	github.com/facette/natsort v0.0.0-20181210072756-2cd4dd1e2dcb
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0
 	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 933ef9420..97dcfe090 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1m
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.12.0 h1:4X+VP1GHd1Mhj6IB5mMeGbLCleqxjletLK6K0rbxyZI=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.12.0/go.mod h1:ZBTaoJ23lqITozF0M6G4/IragXCQKCnYbmlmtHvwRG0=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
-github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.0.4 h1:gVPz/FMfvh57HdSJQyvBtF00j8JU4zdyUgIUNhlgg0A=
-github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.0.4/go.mod h1:qys6tmnRsYrQqIhm2bvKZH4Blx/1gTIZ2UKVY1M+Yew=
+github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.1.0 h1:tntQDh69XqOCOZsDz0lVJQez/2L6Uu2PdjCQwWCJ3bM=
+github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.1.0/go.mod h1:sXRDRVmzEbkM7CVcM06s9shE/m23dg3wzjl0UWqJ2q4=
 github.com/evanphx/json-patch v5.6.0+incompatible h1:jBYDEEiFBPxA0v50tFdvOzQQTCvpL6mnFh5mB2/l16U=
 github.com/evanphx/json-patch v5.6.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:50XU6AFN0ol/bzJsmQLiYLvXMP4fmwYFNcr97nuDLSk=
 github.com/facette/natsort v0.0.0-20181210072756-2cd4dd1e2dcb h1:IT4JYU7k4ikYg1SCxNI1/Tieq/NFvh6dzLdgi7eu0tM=

From 6290287c1ccdb2935965383895c1683aacb513b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2024 23:49:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 165/180] Bump github.com/prometheus/client_golang from 1.20.0
 to 1.20.2

Bumps [github.com/prometheus/client_golang](https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang) from 1.20.0 to 1.20.2.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/compare/v1.20.0...v1.20.2)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/prometheus/client_golang
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 go.mod | 2 +-
 go.sum | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index af327c64a..cb792413a 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/oklog/ulid v1.3.1
 	github.com/ovh/go-ovh v1.6.0
 	github.com/prometheus/alertmanager v0.27.0
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.2
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.56.0
 	github.com/prometheus/common/assets v0.2.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 933ef9420..058cf3253 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -608,8 +608,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.3.0/go.mod h1:hJaj2vgQTGQmVCsAACORcieXFeD
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.4.0/go.mod h1:e9GMxYsXl05ICDXkRhurwBS4Q3OK1iX/F2sw+iXX5zU=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.7.1/go.mod h1:PY5Wy2awLA44sXw4AOSfFBetzPP4j5+D6mVACh+pe2M=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.0 h1:jBzTZ7B099Rg24tny+qngoynol8LtVYlA2bqx3vEloI=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.0/go.mod h1:PIEt8X02hGcP8JWbeHyeZ53Y/jReSnHgO035n//V5WE=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.2 h1:5ctymQzZlyOON1666svgwn3s6IKWgfbjsejTMiXIyjg=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.2/go.mod h1:PIEt8X02hGcP8JWbeHyeZ53Y/jReSnHgO035n//V5WE=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190115171406-56726106282f/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190129233127-fd36f4220a90/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=

From c09f6f80c6b768b39f6851c711a68c7a23773caa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2024 23:49:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 166/180] Bump golang.org/x/oauth2 from 0.21.0 to 0.22.0

Bumps [golang.org/x/oauth2](https://github.com/golang/oauth2) from 0.21.0 to 0.22.0.
- [Commits](https://github.com/golang/oauth2/compare/v0.21.0...v0.22.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: golang.org/x/oauth2
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 go.mod | 2 +-
 go.sum | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index af327c64a..7a3844a0b 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3
 	go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.22.0
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0
 	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 933ef9420..2f77c00a0 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -865,8 +865,8 @@ golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4Iltr
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20191202225959-858c2ad4c8b6/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20200107190931-bf48bf16ab8d/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20210514164344-f6687ab2804c/go.mod h1:KelEdhl1UZF7XfJ4dDtk6s++YSgaE7mD/BuKKDLBl4A=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0 h1:tsimM75w1tF/uws5rbeHzIWxEqElMehnc+iW793zsZs=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0/go.mod h1:XYTD2NtWslqkgxebSiOHnXEap4TF09sJSc7H1sXbhtI=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.22.0 h1:BzDx2FehcG7jJwgWLELCdmLuxk2i+x9UDpSiss2u0ZA=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.22.0/go.mod h1:XYTD2NtWslqkgxebSiOHnXEap4TF09sJSc7H1sXbhtI=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181221193216-37e7f081c4d4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=

From fae66d0bba182f6e3745a8ff04237d59fb9a575d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2024 23:49:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 167/180] Bump github.com/hashicorp/consul/api from 1.29.2 to
 1.29.4

Bumps [github.com/hashicorp/consul/api](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul) from 1.29.2 to 1.29.4.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/compare/api/v1.29.2...api/v1.29.4)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/hashicorp/consul/api
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 go.mod | 2 +-
 go.sum | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index af327c64a..2f5524dd4 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/gophercloud/gophercloud v1.14.0
 	github.com/grafana/regexp v0.0.0-20240518133315-a468a5bfb3bc
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.16.0
-	github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.29.2
+	github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.29.4
 	github.com/hashicorp/nomad/api v0.0.0-20240717122358-3d93bd3778f3
 	github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 v2.12.0
 	github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 933ef9420..20f88c102 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.16.0/go.mod h1:BDjrQk3hbvj6Nolgz8mAMFb
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 h1:bkypFPDjIYGfCYD5mRBvpqxfYX1YCS1PXdKYWi8FsN0=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0/go.mod h1:P+Lt/0by1T8bfcF3z737NnSbmxQAppXMRziHUxPOC8k=
 github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.3.0/go.mod h1:MmDNSzIMUjNpY/mQ398R4bk2FnqQLoPndWW5VkKPlCE=
-github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.29.2 h1:aYyRn8EdE2mSfG14S1+L9Qkjtz8RzmaWh6AcNGRNwPw=
-github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.29.2/go.mod h1:0YObcaLNDSbtlgzIRtmRXI1ZkeuK0trCBxwZQ4MYnIk=
+github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.29.4 h1:P6slzxDLBOxUSj3fWo2o65VuKtbtOXFi7TSSgtXutuE=
+github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.29.4/go.mod h1:HUlfw+l2Zy68ceJavv2zAyArl2fqhGWnMycyt56sBgg=
 github.com/hashicorp/consul/proto-public v0.6.2 h1:+DA/3g/IiKlJZb88NBn0ZgXrxJp2NlvCZdEyl+qxvL0=
 github.com/hashicorp/consul/proto-public v0.6.2/go.mod h1:cXXbOg74KBNGajC+o8RlA502Esf0R9prcoJgiOX/2Tg=
 github.com/hashicorp/consul/sdk v0.3.0/go.mod h1:VKf9jXwCTEY1QZP2MOLRhb5i/I/ssyNV1vwHyQBF0x8=

From 02d1cabd0a182dd6c98fd522cdfd1aee885ffa04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2024 23:50:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 168/180] Bump github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 from 2.12.0
 to 2.13.1

Bumps [github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2](https://github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go) from 2.12.0 to 2.13.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/compare/v2.12.0...v2.13.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 go.mod | 2 +-
 go.sum | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index af327c64a..86e17fec3 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.16.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.29.2
 	github.com/hashicorp/nomad/api v0.0.0-20240717122358-3d93bd3778f3
-	github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 v2.12.0
+	github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 v2.13.1
 	github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.0
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.9
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 933ef9420..119558028 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ github.com/hashicorp/nomad/api v0.0.0-20240717122358-3d93bd3778f3/go.mod h1:svtx
 github.com/hashicorp/serf v0.8.2/go.mod h1:6hOLApaqBFA1NXqRQAsxw9QxuDEvNxSQRwA/JwenrHc=
 github.com/hashicorp/serf v0.10.1 h1:Z1H2J60yRKvfDYAOZLd2MU0ND4AH/WDz7xYHDWQsIPY=
 github.com/hashicorp/serf v0.10.1/go.mod h1:yL2t6BqATOLGc5HF7qbFkTfXoPIY0WZdWHfEvMqbG+4=
-github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 v2.12.0 h1:nOgfNTo0gyXZJJdM8mo/XH5MO/e80wAEpldRzdWayhY=
-github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 v2.12.0/go.mod h1:dhix40Br3fDiBhwaSG/zgaYOFFddpfBm/6R1Zz0IiF0=
+github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 v2.13.1 h1:jq0GP4QaYE5d8xR/Zw17s9qoaESRJMXfGmtD1a/qckQ=
+github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 v2.13.1/go.mod h1:dhix40Br3fDiBhwaSG/zgaYOFFddpfBm/6R1Zz0IiF0=
 github.com/hpcloud/tail v1.0.0/go.mod h1:ab1qPbhIpdTxEkNHXyeSf5vhxWSCs/tWer42PpOxQnU=
 github.com/hudl/fargo v1.3.0/go.mod h1:y3CKSmjA+wD2gak7sUSXTAoopbhU08POFhmITJgmKTg=
 github.com/ianlancetaylor/demangle v0.0.0-20181102032728-5e5cf60278f6/go.mod h1:aSSvb/t6k1mPoxDqO4vJh6VOCGPwU4O0C2/Eqndh1Sc=

From 6c08f8f5597c781215e1c561c941a32b5100e7d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 12:06:35 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 169/180] Bump github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 from 6.2.0 to
 6.2.1

Bumps [github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6](https://github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go) from 6.2.0 to 6.2.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/blob/master/docs/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/compare/v6.2.0...v6.2.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 go.mod | 2 +-
 go.sum | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index ecb6efefd..79313967f 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.29.4
 	github.com/hashicorp/nomad/api v0.0.0-20240717122358-3d93bd3778f3
 	github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 v2.13.1
-	github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.0
+	github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.1
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.9
 	github.com/kolo/xmlrpc v0.0.0-20220921171641-a4b6fa1dd06b
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index e898588f1..f1659d3cd 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -423,8 +423,8 @@ github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.16 h1:wwQJbIsHYGMUyLSPrEq1CT16AhnhNJQ51+4fdHUnCl4=
 github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.16/go.mod h1:WBLT9ZmE3lPoWsEzCh9LPo3TiwVN+ZKEjmz+hD27ysY=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0/go.mod h1:PxqpIevigyE2G7u3NXJIT2ANytuPF1OarO4DADm73n8=
 github.com/influxdata/influxdb1-client v0.0.0-20191209144304-8bf82d3c094d/go.mod h1:qj24IKcXYK6Iy9ceXlo3Tc+vtHo9lIhSX5JddghvEPo=
-github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.0 h1:qX7gachC0wJSmFfVRnd+DHmz9AStvVraKcwQ/JokIB4=
-github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.0/go.mod h1:EzEgRIDxBELvfoa/uBN0kOQaqovLjUWEB7iW4/Q+t4k=
+github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.1 h1:mxxN+frNVmbFrmmFfXnBC3g2USYJrl6mc1LW2iNYbFY=
+github.com/ionos-cloud/sdk-go/v6 v6.2.1/go.mod h1:SXrO9OGyWjd2rZhAhEpdYN6VUAODzzqRdqA9BCviQtI=
 github.com/jarcoal/httpmock v1.3.1 h1:iUx3whfZWVf3jT01hQTO/Eo5sAYtB2/rqaUuOtpInww=
 github.com/jarcoal/httpmock v1.3.1/go.mod h1:3yb8rc4BI7TCBhFY8ng0gjuLKJNquuDNiPaZjnENuYg=
 github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.0.0-20180206201540-c2b33e8439af/go.mod h1:Nht3zPeWKUH0NzdCt2Blrr5ys8VGpn0CEB0cQHVjt7k=

From e8ecc118167f8dc69d909e477a51f185a17fb587 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 16:39:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 170/180] [TESTS] Fix up item numbers in TestProtobufParse

If an error is thrown by the test, these numbers help you see which item is wrong.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 model/textparse/protobufparse_test.go | 50 +++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/model/textparse/protobufparse_test.go b/model/textparse/protobufparse_test.go
index e323a6cc8..534addfa9 100644
--- a/model/textparse/protobufparse_test.go
+++ b/model/textparse/protobufparse_test.go
@@ -1995,15 +1995,15 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"__name__", "without_quantiles_sum",
 					),
 				},
-				{ // 78
+				{ // 81
 					m:    "empty_histogram",
 					help: "A histogram without observations and with a zero threshold of zero but with a no-op span to identify it as a native histogram.",
 				},
-				{ // 79
+				{ // 82
 					m:   "empty_histogram",
 					typ: model.MetricTypeHistogram,
 				},
-				{ // 80
+				{ // 83
 					m: "empty_histogram",
 					shs: &histogram.Histogram{
 						CounterResetHint: histogram.UnknownCounterReset,
@@ -2014,15 +2014,15 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"__name__", "empty_histogram",
 					),
 				},
-				{ // 81
+				{ // 84
 					m:    "test_counter_with_createdtimestamp",
 					help: "A counter with a created timestamp.",
 				},
-				{ // 82
+				{ // 85
 					m:   "test_counter_with_createdtimestamp",
 					typ: model.MetricTypeCounter,
 				},
-				{ // 83
+				{ // 86
 					m:  "test_counter_with_createdtimestamp",
 					v:  42,
 					ct: 1000,
@@ -2030,15 +2030,15 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"__name__", "test_counter_with_createdtimestamp",
 					),
 				},
-				{ // 84
+				{ // 87
 					m:    "test_summary_with_createdtimestamp",
 					help: "A summary with a created timestamp.",
 				},
-				{ // 85
+				{ // 88
 					m:   "test_summary_with_createdtimestamp",
 					typ: model.MetricTypeSummary,
 				},
-				{ // 86
+				{ // 89
 					m:  "test_summary_with_createdtimestamp_count",
 					v:  42,
 					ct: 1000,
@@ -2046,7 +2046,7 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"__name__", "test_summary_with_createdtimestamp_count",
 					),
 				},
-				{ // 87
+				{ // 90
 					m:  "test_summary_with_createdtimestamp_sum",
 					v:  1.234,
 					ct: 1000,
@@ -2054,15 +2054,15 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"__name__", "test_summary_with_createdtimestamp_sum",
 					),
 				},
-				{ // 88
+				{ // 91
 					m:    "test_histogram_with_createdtimestamp",
 					help: "A histogram with a created timestamp.",
 				},
-				{ // 89
+				{ // 92
 					m:   "test_histogram_with_createdtimestamp",
 					typ: model.MetricTypeHistogram,
 				},
-				{ // 90
+				{ // 93
 					m:  "test_histogram_with_createdtimestamp",
 					ct: 1000,
 					shs: &histogram.Histogram{
@@ -2074,15 +2074,15 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_createdtimestamp",
 					),
 				},
-				{ // 91
+				{ // 94
 					m:    "test_gaugehistogram_with_createdtimestamp",
 					help: "A gauge histogram with a created timestamp.",
 				},
-				{ // 92
+				{ // 95
 					m:   "test_gaugehistogram_with_createdtimestamp",
 					typ: model.MetricTypeGaugeHistogram,
 				},
-				{ // 93
+				{ // 96
 					m:  "test_gaugehistogram_with_createdtimestamp",
 					ct: 1000,
 					shs: &histogram.Histogram{
@@ -2094,15 +2094,15 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"__name__", "test_gaugehistogram_with_createdtimestamp",
 					),
 				},
-				{ // 94
+				{ // 97
 					m:    "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars",
 					help: "A histogram with native histogram exemplars.",
 				},
-				{ // 95
+				{ // 98
 					m:   "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars",
 					typ: model.MetricTypeHistogram,
 				},
-				{ // 96
+				{ // 99
 					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars",
 					t: 1234568,
 					shs: &histogram.Histogram{
@@ -2130,7 +2130,7 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						{Labels: labels.FromStrings("dummyID", "59772"), Value: -0.00052, HasTs: true, Ts: 1625851160156},
 					},
 				},
-				{ // 97
+				{ // 100
 					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars_count",
 					t: 1234568,
 					v: 175,
@@ -2138,7 +2138,7 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars_count",
 					),
 				},
-				{ // 98
+				{ // 101
 					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars_sum",
 					t: 1234568,
 					v: 0.0008280461746287094,
@@ -2146,7 +2146,7 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars_sum",
 					),
 				},
-				{ // 99
+				{ // 102
 					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars_bucket\xffle\xff-0.0004899999999999998",
 					t: 1234568,
 					v: 2,
@@ -2155,7 +2155,7 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"le", "-0.0004899999999999998",
 					),
 				},
-				{ // 100
+				{ // 103
 					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars_bucket\xffle\xff-0.0003899999999999998",
 					t: 1234568,
 					v: 4,
@@ -2167,7 +2167,7 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						{Labels: labels.FromStrings("dummyID", "59727"), Value: -0.00039, HasTs: true, Ts: 1625851155146},
 					},
 				},
-				{ // 101
+				{ // 104
 					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars_bucket\xffle\xff-0.0002899999999999998",
 					t: 1234568,
 					v: 16,
@@ -2179,7 +2179,7 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						{Labels: labels.FromStrings("dummyID", "5617"), Value: -0.00029, HasTs: false},
 					},
 				},
-				{ // 102
+				{ // 105
 					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars_bucket\xffle\xff+Inf",
 					t: 1234568,
 					v: 175,

From 3aaf2c3c9d82c24a0ab8cacd5c68a67d995c312b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 16:39:45 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 171/180] [TESTS] Add second native histogram with exemplars in
 TestProtobufParse

This test fails.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 model/textparse/protobufparse_test.go | 186 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 186 insertions(+)

diff --git a/model/textparse/protobufparse_test.go b/model/textparse/protobufparse_test.go
index 534addfa9..cf34ae52d 100644
--- a/model/textparse/protobufparse_test.go
+++ b/model/textparse/protobufparse_test.go
@@ -695,6 +695,70 @@ metric: <
   timestamp_ms: 1234568
 >
 
+`,
+
+		`name: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2"
+help: "Another histogram with native histogram exemplars."
+type: HISTOGRAM
+metric: <
+  histogram: <
+    sample_count: 175
+    sample_sum: 0.0008280461746287094
+    bucket: <
+      cumulative_count: 2
+      upper_bound: -0.0004899999999999998
+    >
+    bucket: <
+      cumulative_count: 4
+      upper_bound: -0.0003899999999999998
+    >
+    bucket: <
+      cumulative_count: 16
+      upper_bound: -0.0002899999999999998
+    >
+    schema: 3
+    zero_threshold: 2.938735877055719e-39
+    zero_count: 2
+    negative_span: <
+      offset: -162
+      length: 1
+    >
+    negative_span: <
+      offset: 23
+      length: 4
+    >
+    negative_delta: 1
+    negative_delta: 3
+    negative_delta: -2
+    negative_delta: -1
+    negative_delta: 1
+    positive_span: <
+      offset: -161
+      length: 1
+    >
+    positive_span: <
+      offset: 8
+      length: 3
+    >
+    positive_delta: 1
+    positive_delta: 2
+    positive_delta: -1
+    positive_delta: -1
+    exemplars: <
+      label: <
+        name: "dummyID"
+        value: "59780"
+      >
+      value: -0.00039
+      timestamp: <
+        seconds: 1625851155
+        nanos: 146848499
+      >
+    >
+  >
+  timestamp_ms: 1234568
+>
+
 `,
 	}
 
@@ -1276,6 +1340,41 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						{Labels: labels.FromStrings("dummyID", "59772"), Value: -0.00052, HasTs: true, Ts: 1625851160156},
 					},
 				},
+				{
+					m:    "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2",
+					help: "Another histogram with native histogram exemplars.",
+				},
+				{
+					m:   "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2",
+					typ: model.MetricTypeHistogram,
+				},
+				{
+					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2",
+					t: 1234568,
+					shs: &histogram.Histogram{
+						Count:         175,
+						ZeroCount:     2,
+						Sum:           0.0008280461746287094,
+						ZeroThreshold: 2.938735877055719e-39,
+						Schema:        3,
+						PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+							{Offset: -161, Length: 1},
+							{Offset: 8, Length: 3},
+						},
+						NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
+							{Offset: -162, Length: 1},
+							{Offset: 23, Length: 4},
+						},
+						PositiveBuckets: []int64{1, 2, -1, -1},
+						NegativeBuckets: []int64{1, 3, -2, -1, 1},
+					},
+					lset: labels.FromStrings(
+						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2",
+					),
+					e: []exemplar.Exemplar{
+						{Labels: labels.FromStrings("dummyID", "59780"), Value: -0.00039, HasTs: true, Ts: 1625851155146},
+					},
+				},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -2188,6 +2287,93 @@ func TestProtobufParse(t *testing.T) {
 						"le", "+Inf",
 					),
 				},
+				{ // 106
+					m:    "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2",
+					help: "Another histogram with native histogram exemplars.",
+				},
+				{ // 107
+					m:   "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2",
+					typ: model.MetricTypeHistogram,
+				},
+				{ // 108
+					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2",
+					t: 1234568,
+					shs: &histogram.Histogram{
+						Count:         175,
+						ZeroCount:     2,
+						Sum:           0.0008280461746287094,
+						ZeroThreshold: 2.938735877055719e-39,
+						Schema:        3,
+						PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+							{Offset: -161, Length: 1},
+							{Offset: 8, Length: 3},
+						},
+						NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
+							{Offset: -162, Length: 1},
+							{Offset: 23, Length: 4},
+						},
+						PositiveBuckets: []int64{1, 2, -1, -1},
+						NegativeBuckets: []int64{1, 3, -2, -1, 1},
+					},
+					lset: labels.FromStrings(
+						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2",
+					),
+					e: []exemplar.Exemplar{
+						{Labels: labels.FromStrings("dummyID", "59780"), Value: -0.00039, HasTs: true, Ts: 1625851155146},
+					},
+				},
+				{ // 109
+					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_count",
+					t: 1234568,
+					v: 175,
+					lset: labels.FromStrings(
+						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_count",
+					),
+				},
+				{ // 110
+					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_sum",
+					t: 1234568,
+					v: 0.0008280461746287094,
+					lset: labels.FromStrings(
+						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_sum",
+					),
+				},
+				{ // 111
+					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_bucket\xffle\xff-0.0004899999999999998",
+					t: 1234568,
+					v: 2,
+					lset: labels.FromStrings(
+						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_bucket",
+						"le", "-0.0004899999999999998",
+					),
+				},
+				{ // 112
+					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_bucket\xffle\xff-0.0003899999999999998",
+					t: 1234568,
+					v: 4,
+					lset: labels.FromStrings(
+						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_bucket",
+						"le", "-0.0003899999999999998",
+					),
+				},
+				{ // 113
+					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_bucket\xffle\xff-0.0002899999999999998",
+					t: 1234568,
+					v: 16,
+					lset: labels.FromStrings(
+						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_bucket",
+						"le", "-0.0002899999999999998",
+					),
+				},
+				{ // 114
+					m: "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_bucket\xffle\xff+Inf",
+					t: 1234568,
+					v: 175,
+					lset: labels.FromStrings(
+						"__name__", "test_histogram_with_native_histogram_exemplars2_bucket",
+						"le", "+Inf",
+					),
+				},
 			},
 		},
 	}

From d599c4b28c406c95051de5e4905e17203fca0d70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 16:42:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 172/180] [BUGFIX] Protobuf scraping: reset exemplar position

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 model/textparse/protobufparse.go | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/model/textparse/protobufparse.go b/model/textparse/protobufparse.go
index ea3a2e1a3..d7cbd3519 100644
--- a/model/textparse/protobufparse.go
+++ b/model/textparse/protobufparse.go
@@ -409,6 +409,7 @@ func (p *ProtobufParser) Next() (Entry, error) {
 	switch p.state {
 	case EntryInvalid:
 		p.metricPos = 0
+		p.exemplarPos = 0
 		p.fieldPos = -2
 		n, err := readDelimited(p.in[p.inPos:], p.mf)
 		p.inPos += n
@@ -485,6 +486,7 @@ func (p *ProtobufParser) Next() (Entry, error) {
 			p.metricPos++
 			p.fieldPos = -2
 			p.fieldsDone = false
+			p.exemplarPos = 0
 			// If this is a metric family containing native
 			// histograms, we have to switch back to native
 			// histograms after parsing a classic histogram.

From ce7d830f1f99f3b00c9d6d50ae8e816a1a542d14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Oleg Zaytsev <mail@olegzaytsev.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 18:20:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 173/180] Bring back BenchmarkLoadRealWLs (#14757)

This was part of #14525 which was reverted.
I still think that having this benchmark committed in to the repo is
useful.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Zaytsev <mail@olegzaytsev.com>
---
 tsdb/head_test.go | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tsdb/head_test.go b/tsdb/head_test.go
index a7a8847e8..b32b37fca 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_test.go
@@ -438,6 +438,32 @@ func BenchmarkLoadWLs(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 }
 
+// BenchmarkLoadRealWLs will be skipped unless the BENCHMARK_LOAD_REAL_WLS_DIR environment variable is set.
+// BENCHMARK_LOAD_REAL_WLS_DIR should be the folder where `wal` and `chunks_head` are located.
+func BenchmarkLoadRealWLs(b *testing.B) {
+	dir := os.Getenv("BENCHMARK_LOAD_REAL_WLS_DIR")
+	if dir == "" {
+		b.SkipNow()
+	}
+
+	wal, err := wlog.New(nil, nil, filepath.Join(dir, "wal"), wlog.CompressionNone)
+	require.NoError(b, err)
+	b.Cleanup(func() { wal.Close() })
+
+	wbl, err := wlog.New(nil, nil, filepath.Join(dir, "wbl"), wlog.CompressionNone)
+	require.NoError(b, err)
+	b.Cleanup(func() { wbl.Close() })
+
+	// Load the WAL.
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		opts := DefaultHeadOptions()
+		opts.ChunkDirRoot = dir
+		h, err := NewHead(nil, nil, wal, wbl, opts, nil)
+		require.NoError(b, err)
+		require.NoError(b, h.Init(0))
+	}
+}
+
 // TestHead_HighConcurrencyReadAndWrite generates 1000 series with a step of 15s and fills a whole block with samples,
 // this means in total it generates 4000 chunks because with a step of 15s there are 4 chunks per block per series.
 // While appending the samples to the head it concurrently queries them from multiple go routines and verifies that the

From 442f24e09927957936dd2a5b2c5c0817da0674cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arthur Silva Sens <arthursens2005@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 17:30:37 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 174/180] chore: Simplify TestHeadAppender_AppendCTZeroSample
 (#14812)

Signed-off-by: Arthur Silva Sens <arthursens2005@gmail.com>
---
 tsdb/head_test.go | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/head_test.go b/tsdb/head_test.go
index b32b37fca..18ec4f0ac 100644
--- a/tsdb/head_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/head_test.go
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	prom_testutil "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
-	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.uber.org/atomic"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
@@ -5945,16 +5944,16 @@ func TestHeadAppender_AppendCTZeroSample(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
 		name              string
 		appendableSamples []appendableSamples
-		expectedSamples   []model.Sample
+		expectedSamples   []chunks.Sample
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "In order ct+normal sample",
 			appendableSamples: []appendableSamples{
 				{ts: 100, val: 10, ct: 1},
 			},
-			expectedSamples: []model.Sample{
-				{Timestamp: 1, Value: 0},
-				{Timestamp: 100, Value: 10},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				sample{t: 1, f: 0},
+				sample{t: 100, f: 10},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -5963,10 +5962,10 @@ func TestHeadAppender_AppendCTZeroSample(t *testing.T) {
 				{ts: 100, val: 10, ct: 1},
 				{ts: 101, val: 10, ct: 1},
 			},
-			expectedSamples: []model.Sample{
-				{Timestamp: 1, Value: 0},
-				{Timestamp: 100, Value: 10},
-				{Timestamp: 101, Value: 10},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				sample{t: 1, f: 0},
+				sample{t: 100, f: 10},
+				sample{t: 101, f: 10},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -5975,11 +5974,11 @@ func TestHeadAppender_AppendCTZeroSample(t *testing.T) {
 				{ts: 100, val: 10, ct: 1},
 				{ts: 102, val: 10, ct: 101},
 			},
-			expectedSamples: []model.Sample{
-				{Timestamp: 1, Value: 0},
-				{Timestamp: 100, Value: 10},
-				{Timestamp: 101, Value: 0},
-				{Timestamp: 102, Value: 10},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				sample{t: 1, f: 0},
+				sample{t: 100, f: 10},
+				sample{t: 101, f: 0},
+				sample{t: 102, f: 10},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -5988,41 +5987,33 @@ func TestHeadAppender_AppendCTZeroSample(t *testing.T) {
 				{ts: 100, val: 10, ct: 1},
 				{ts: 101, val: 10, ct: 100},
 			},
-			expectedSamples: []model.Sample{
-				{Timestamp: 1, Value: 0},
-				{Timestamp: 100, Value: 10},
-				{Timestamp: 101, Value: 10},
+			expectedSamples: []chunks.Sample{
+				sample{t: 1, f: 0},
+				sample{t: 100, f: 10},
+				sample{t: 101, f: 10},
 			},
 		},
 	} {
-		h, _ := newTestHead(t, DefaultBlockDuration, wlog.CompressionNone, false)
-		defer func() {
-			require.NoError(t, h.Close())
-		}()
-		a := h.Appender(context.Background())
-		lbls := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar")
-		for _, sample := range tc.appendableSamples {
-			_, err := a.AppendCTZeroSample(0, lbls, sample.ts, sample.ct)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			_, err = a.Append(0, lbls, sample.ts, sample.val)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-		}
-		require.NoError(t, a.Commit())
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h, _ := newTestHead(t, DefaultBlockDuration, wlog.CompressionNone, false)
+			defer func() {
+				require.NoError(t, h.Close())
+			}()
+			a := h.Appender(context.Background())
+			lbls := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar")
+			for _, sample := range tc.appendableSamples {
+				_, err := a.AppendCTZeroSample(0, lbls, sample.ts, sample.ct)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				_, err = a.Append(0, lbls, sample.ts, sample.val)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, a.Commit())
 
-		q, err := NewBlockQuerier(h, math.MinInt64, math.MaxInt64)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		ss := q.Select(context.Background(), false, nil, labels.MustNewMatcher(labels.MatchEqual, "foo", "bar"))
-		require.True(t, ss.Next())
-		s := ss.At()
-		require.False(t, ss.Next())
-		it := s.Iterator(nil)
-		for _, sample := range tc.expectedSamples {
-			require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValFloat, it.Next())
-			timestamp, value := it.At()
-			require.Equal(t, sample.Timestamp, model.Time(timestamp))
-			require.Equal(t, sample.Value, model.SampleValue(value))
-		}
-		require.Equal(t, chunkenc.ValNone, it.Next())
+			q, err := NewBlockQuerier(h, math.MinInt64, math.MaxInt64)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			result := query(t, q, labels.MustNewMatcher(labels.MatchEqual, "foo", "bar"))
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedSamples, result[`{foo="bar"}`])
+		})
 	}
 }
 

From f1d3c3f46468e97f5bad0aa0004f9e5775eb3429 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bartlomiej Plotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 08:33:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 175/180] fix: Properly put OM text p.CreatedTimestamp behind
 feature flag (#14809) (#14815)

Mitigates https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/14808

Signed-off-by: Manik Rana <manikrana54@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Manik Rana <Manikrana54@gmail.com>
---
 scrape/scrape.go | 14 ++++++++------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scrape/scrape.go b/scrape/scrape.go
index 5fcd623c0..2abd4691d 100644
--- a/scrape/scrape.go
+++ b/scrape/scrape.go
@@ -1655,12 +1655,14 @@ loop:
 		if seriesAlreadyScraped && parsedTimestamp == nil {
 			err = storage.ErrDuplicateSampleForTimestamp
 		} else {
-			if ctMs := p.CreatedTimestamp(); sl.enableCTZeroIngestion && ctMs != nil {
-				ref, err = app.AppendCTZeroSample(ref, lset, t, *ctMs)
-				if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, storage.ErrOutOfOrderCT) { // OOO is a common case, ignoring completely for now.
-					// CT is an experimental feature. For now, we don't need to fail the
-					// scrape on errors updating the created timestamp, log debug.
-					level.Debug(sl.l).Log("msg", "Error when appending CT in scrape loop", "series", string(met), "ct", *ctMs, "t", t, "err", err)
+			if sl.enableCTZeroIngestion {
+				if ctMs := p.CreatedTimestamp(); ctMs != nil {
+					ref, err = app.AppendCTZeroSample(ref, lset, t, *ctMs)
+					if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, storage.ErrOutOfOrderCT) { // OOO is a common case, ignoring completely for now.
+						// CT is an experimental feature. For now, we don't need to fail the
+						// scrape on errors updating the created timestamp, log debug.
+						level.Debug(sl.l).Log("msg", "Error when appending CT in scrape loop", "series", string(met), "ct", *ctMs, "t", t, "err", err)
+					}
 				}
 			}
 

From e896643403412eda013c2e11c68939290ccff53e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 11:14:58 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 176/180] Bump actions/setup-node from 4.0.2 to 4.0.3

Bumps [actions/setup-node](https://github.com/actions/setup-node) from 4.0.2 to 4.0.3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-node/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/setup-node/compare/60edb5dd545a775178f52524783378180af0d1f8...1e60f620b9541d16bece96c5465dc8ee9832be0b)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-node
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index d314ac50a..5934a3daf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
       - uses: prometheus/promci@45166329da36d74895901808f1c8c97efafc7f84 # v0.3.0
       - name: Install nodejs
-        uses: actions/setup-node@60edb5dd545a775178f52524783378180af0d1f8 # v4.0.2
+        uses: actions/setup-node@1e60f620b9541d16bece96c5465dc8ee9832be0b # v4.0.3
         with:
           node-version-file: "web/ui/.nvmrc"
           registry-url: "https://registry.npmjs.org"

From 87420774980288cc4d9c59342bf9ff278db8c04c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 20:20:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 177/180] [BUGFIX] PromQL: pass Context so spans parent
 correctly

Assigning to `evaluator.ctx` in `eval()` broke the parent-child relationship.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 promql/engine.go    | 103 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 promql/functions.go |   9 ++--
 2 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index b54ce2d6d..537eafb41 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -713,7 +713,6 @@ func (ng *Engine) execEvalStmt(ctx context.Context, query *query, s *parser.Eval
 			startTimestamp:           start,
 			endTimestamp:             start,
 			interval:                 1,
-			ctx:                      ctxInnerEval,
 			maxSamples:               ng.maxSamplesPerQuery,
 			logger:                   ng.logger,
 			lookbackDelta:            s.LookbackDelta,
@@ -723,7 +722,7 @@ func (ng *Engine) execEvalStmt(ctx context.Context, query *query, s *parser.Eval
 		}
 		query.sampleStats.InitStepTracking(start, start, 1)
 
-		val, warnings, err := evaluator.Eval(s.Expr)
+		val, warnings, err := evaluator.Eval(ctxInnerEval, s.Expr)
 
 		evalSpanTimer.Finish()
 
@@ -772,7 +771,6 @@ func (ng *Engine) execEvalStmt(ctx context.Context, query *query, s *parser.Eval
 		startTimestamp:           timeMilliseconds(s.Start),
 		endTimestamp:             timeMilliseconds(s.End),
 		interval:                 durationMilliseconds(s.Interval),
-		ctx:                      ctxInnerEval,
 		maxSamples:               ng.maxSamplesPerQuery,
 		logger:                   ng.logger,
 		lookbackDelta:            s.LookbackDelta,
@@ -781,7 +779,7 @@ func (ng *Engine) execEvalStmt(ctx context.Context, query *query, s *parser.Eval
 		enableDelayedNameRemoval: ng.enableDelayedNameRemoval,
 	}
 	query.sampleStats.InitStepTracking(evaluator.startTimestamp, evaluator.endTimestamp, evaluator.interval)
-	val, warnings, err := evaluator.Eval(s.Expr)
+	val, warnings, err := evaluator.Eval(ctxInnerEval, s.Expr)
 
 	evalSpanTimer.Finish()
 
@@ -1029,8 +1027,6 @@ func (e errWithWarnings) Error() string { return e.err.Error() }
 // querier and reports errors. On timeout or cancellation of its context it
 // terminates.
 type evaluator struct {
-	ctx context.Context
-
 	startTimestamp int64 // Start time in milliseconds.
 	endTimestamp   int64 // End time in milliseconds.
 	interval       int64 // Interval in milliseconds.
@@ -1079,10 +1075,10 @@ func (ev *evaluator) recover(expr parser.Expr, ws *annotations.Annotations, errp
 	}
 }
 
-func (ev *evaluator) Eval(expr parser.Expr) (v parser.Value, ws annotations.Annotations, err error) {
+func (ev *evaluator) Eval(ctx context.Context, expr parser.Expr) (v parser.Value, ws annotations.Annotations, err error) {
 	defer ev.recover(expr, &ws, &err)
 
-	v, ws = ev.eval(expr)
+	v, ws = ev.eval(ctx, expr)
 	if ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval {
 		ev.cleanupMetricLabels(v)
 	}
@@ -1133,7 +1129,7 @@ func (enh *EvalNodeHelper) resetBuilder(lbls labels.Labels) {
 // function call results.
 // The prepSeries function (if provided) can be used to prepare the helper
 // for each series, then passed to each call funcCall.
-func (ev *evaluator) rangeEval(prepSeries func(labels.Labels, *EvalSeriesHelper), funcCall func([]parser.Value, [][]EvalSeriesHelper, *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations), exprs ...parser.Expr) (Matrix, annotations.Annotations) {
+func (ev *evaluator) rangeEval(ctx context.Context, prepSeries func(labels.Labels, *EvalSeriesHelper), funcCall func([]parser.Value, [][]EvalSeriesHelper, *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations), exprs ...parser.Expr) (Matrix, annotations.Annotations) {
 	numSteps := int((ev.endTimestamp-ev.startTimestamp)/ev.interval) + 1
 	matrixes := make([]Matrix, len(exprs))
 	origMatrixes := make([]Matrix, len(exprs))
@@ -1144,7 +1140,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEval(prepSeries func(labels.Labels, *EvalSeriesHelper)
 		// Functions will take string arguments from the expressions, not the values.
 		if e != nil && e.Type() != parser.ValueTypeString {
 			// ev.currentSamples will be updated to the correct value within the ev.eval call.
-			val, ws := ev.eval(e)
+			val, ws := ev.eval(ctx, e)
 			warnings.Merge(ws)
 			matrixes[i] = val.(Matrix)
 
@@ -1196,7 +1192,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEval(prepSeries func(labels.Labels, *EvalSeriesHelper)
 	}
 
 	for ts := ev.startTimestamp; ts <= ev.endTimestamp; ts += ev.interval {
-		if err := contextDone(ev.ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
+		if err := contextDone(ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
 			ev.error(err)
 		}
 		// Reset number of samples in memory after each timestamp.
@@ -1306,7 +1302,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEval(prepSeries func(labels.Labels, *EvalSeriesHelper)
 	return mat, warnings
 }
 
-func (ev *evaluator) rangeEvalAgg(aggExpr *parser.AggregateExpr, sortedGrouping []string, inputMatrix Matrix, param float64) (Matrix, annotations.Annotations) {
+func (ev *evaluator) rangeEvalAgg(ctx context.Context, aggExpr *parser.AggregateExpr, sortedGrouping []string, inputMatrix Matrix, param float64) (Matrix, annotations.Annotations) {
 	// Keep a copy of the original point slice so that it can be returned to the pool.
 	origMatrix := slices.Clone(inputMatrix)
 	defer func() {
@@ -1386,7 +1382,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEvalAgg(aggExpr *parser.AggregateExpr, sortedGrouping
 	}
 
 	for ts := ev.startTimestamp; ts <= ev.endTimestamp; ts += ev.interval {
-		if err := contextDone(ev.ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
+		if err := contextDone(ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
 			ev.error(err)
 		}
 		// Reset number of samples in memory after each timestamp.
@@ -1437,11 +1433,11 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEvalAgg(aggExpr *parser.AggregateExpr, sortedGrouping
 
 // evalSubquery evaluates given SubqueryExpr and returns an equivalent
 // evaluated MatrixSelector in its place. Note that the Name and LabelMatchers are not set.
-func (ev *evaluator) evalSubquery(subq *parser.SubqueryExpr) (*parser.MatrixSelector, int, annotations.Annotations) {
+func (ev *evaluator) evalSubquery(ctx context.Context, subq *parser.SubqueryExpr) (*parser.MatrixSelector, int, annotations.Annotations) {
 	samplesStats := ev.samplesStats
 	// Avoid double counting samples when running a subquery, those samples will be counted in later stage.
 	ev.samplesStats = ev.samplesStats.NewChild()
-	val, ws := ev.eval(subq)
+	val, ws := ev.eval(ctx, subq)
 	// But do incorporate the peak from the subquery
 	samplesStats.UpdatePeakFromSubquery(ev.samplesStats)
 	ev.samplesStats = samplesStats
@@ -1468,17 +1464,16 @@ func (ev *evaluator) evalSubquery(subq *parser.SubqueryExpr) (*parser.MatrixSele
 }
 
 // eval evaluates the given expression as the given AST expression node requires.
-func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotations) {
+func (ev *evaluator) eval(ctx context.Context, expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotations) {
 	// This is the top-level evaluation method.
 	// Thus, we check for timeout/cancellation here.
-	if err := contextDone(ev.ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
+	if err := contextDone(ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
 		ev.error(err)
 	}
 	numSteps := int((ev.endTimestamp-ev.startTimestamp)/ev.interval) + 1
 
 	// Create a new span to help investigate inner evaluation performances.
-	ctxWithSpan, span := otel.Tracer("").Start(ev.ctx, stats.InnerEvalTime.SpanOperation()+" eval "+reflect.TypeOf(expr).String())
-	ev.ctx = ctxWithSpan
+	ctx, span := otel.Tracer("").Start(ctx, stats.InnerEvalTime.SpanOperation()+" eval "+reflect.TypeOf(expr).String())
 	defer span.End()
 
 	switch e := expr.(type) {
@@ -1500,7 +1495,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 				sortedGrouping = append(sortedGrouping, valueLabel.Val)
 				slices.Sort(sortedGrouping)
 			}
-			return ev.rangeEval(nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+			return ev.rangeEval(ctx, nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 				return ev.aggregationCountValues(e, sortedGrouping, valueLabel.Val, v[0].(Vector), enh)
 			}, e.Expr)
 		}
@@ -1510,16 +1505,16 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		// param is the number k for topk/bottomk, or q for quantile.
 		var fParam float64
 		if param != nil {
-			val, ws := ev.eval(param)
+			val, ws := ev.eval(ctx, param)
 			warnings.Merge(ws)
 			fParam = val.(Matrix)[0].Floats[0].F
 		}
 		// Now fetch the data to be aggregated.
-		val, ws := ev.eval(e.Expr)
+		val, ws := ev.eval(ctx, e.Expr)
 		warnings.Merge(ws)
 		inputMatrix := val.(Matrix)
 
-		result, ws := ev.rangeEvalAgg(e, sortedGrouping, inputMatrix, fParam)
+		result, ws := ev.rangeEvalAgg(ctx, e, sortedGrouping, inputMatrix, fParam)
 		warnings.Merge(ws)
 		ev.currentSamples = originalNumSamples + result.TotalSamples()
 		ev.samplesStats.UpdatePeak(ev.currentSamples)
@@ -1537,7 +1532,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 			unwrapParenExpr(&arg)
 			vs, ok := arg.(*parser.VectorSelector)
 			if ok {
-				return ev.rangeEvalTimestampFunctionOverVectorSelector(vs, call, e)
+				return ev.rangeEvalTimestampFunctionOverVectorSelector(ctx, vs, call, e)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -1561,7 +1556,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 				matrixArgIndex = i
 				matrixArg = true
 				// Replacing parser.SubqueryExpr with parser.MatrixSelector.
-				val, totalSamples, ws := ev.evalSubquery(subq)
+				val, totalSamples, ws := ev.evalSubquery(ctx, subq)
 				e.Args[i] = val
 				warnings.Merge(ws)
 				defer func() {
@@ -1576,14 +1571,14 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		// Special handling for functions that work on series not samples.
 		switch e.Func.Name {
 		case "label_replace":
-			return ev.evalLabelReplace(e.Args)
+			return ev.evalLabelReplace(ctx, e.Args)
 		case "label_join":
-			return ev.evalLabelJoin(e.Args)
+			return ev.evalLabelJoin(ctx, e.Args)
 		}
 
 		if !matrixArg {
 			// Does not have a matrix argument.
-			return ev.rangeEval(nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+			return ev.rangeEval(ctx, nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 				vec, annos := call(v, e.Args, enh)
 				return vec, warnings.Merge(annos)
 			}, e.Args...)
@@ -1595,7 +1590,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		otherInArgs := make([]Vector, len(e.Args))
 		for i, e := range e.Args {
 			if i != matrixArgIndex {
-				val, ws := ev.eval(e)
+				val, ws := ev.eval(ctx, e)
 				otherArgs[i] = val.(Matrix)
 				otherInArgs[i] = Vector{Sample{}}
 				inArgs[i] = otherInArgs[i]
@@ -1609,7 +1604,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		sel := arg.(*parser.MatrixSelector)
 		selVS := sel.VectorSelector.(*parser.VectorSelector)
 
-		ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ev.ctx, sel)
+		ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ctx, sel)
 		warnings.Merge(ws)
 		if err != nil {
 			ev.error(errWithWarnings{fmt.Errorf("expanding series: %w", err), warnings})
@@ -1639,7 +1634,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		dropName := e.Func.Name != "last_over_time"
 
 		for i, s := range selVS.Series {
-			if err := contextDone(ev.ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
+			if err := contextDone(ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
 				ev.error(err)
 			}
 			ev.currentSamples -= len(floats) + totalHPointSize(histograms)
@@ -1785,10 +1780,10 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		return mat, warnings
 
 	case *parser.ParenExpr:
-		return ev.eval(e.Expr)
+		return ev.eval(ctx, e.Expr)
 
 	case *parser.UnaryExpr:
-		val, ws := ev.eval(e.Expr)
+		val, ws := ev.eval(ctx, e.Expr)
 		mat := val.(Matrix)
 		if e.Op == parser.SUB {
 			for i := range mat {
@@ -1809,7 +1804,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 	case *parser.BinaryExpr:
 		switch lt, rt := e.LHS.Type(), e.RHS.Type(); {
 		case lt == parser.ValueTypeScalar && rt == parser.ValueTypeScalar:
-			return ev.rangeEval(nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+			return ev.rangeEval(ctx, nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 				val := scalarBinop(e.Op, v[0].(Vector)[0].F, v[1].(Vector)[0].F)
 				return append(enh.Out, Sample{F: val}), nil
 			}, e.LHS, e.RHS)
@@ -1822,39 +1817,39 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 			}
 			switch e.Op {
 			case parser.LAND:
-				return ev.rangeEval(initSignatures, func(v []parser.Value, sh [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+				return ev.rangeEval(ctx, initSignatures, func(v []parser.Value, sh [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 					return ev.VectorAnd(v[0].(Vector), v[1].(Vector), e.VectorMatching, sh[0], sh[1], enh), nil
 				}, e.LHS, e.RHS)
 			case parser.LOR:
-				return ev.rangeEval(initSignatures, func(v []parser.Value, sh [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+				return ev.rangeEval(ctx, initSignatures, func(v []parser.Value, sh [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 					return ev.VectorOr(v[0].(Vector), v[1].(Vector), e.VectorMatching, sh[0], sh[1], enh), nil
 				}, e.LHS, e.RHS)
 			case parser.LUNLESS:
-				return ev.rangeEval(initSignatures, func(v []parser.Value, sh [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+				return ev.rangeEval(ctx, initSignatures, func(v []parser.Value, sh [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 					return ev.VectorUnless(v[0].(Vector), v[1].(Vector), e.VectorMatching, sh[0], sh[1], enh), nil
 				}, e.LHS, e.RHS)
 			default:
-				return ev.rangeEval(initSignatures, func(v []parser.Value, sh [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+				return ev.rangeEval(ctx, initSignatures, func(v []parser.Value, sh [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 					vec, err := ev.VectorBinop(e.Op, v[0].(Vector), v[1].(Vector), e.VectorMatching, e.ReturnBool, sh[0], sh[1], enh)
 					return vec, handleVectorBinopError(err, e)
 				}, e.LHS, e.RHS)
 			}
 
 		case lt == parser.ValueTypeVector && rt == parser.ValueTypeScalar:
-			return ev.rangeEval(nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+			return ev.rangeEval(ctx, nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 				vec, err := ev.VectorscalarBinop(e.Op, v[0].(Vector), Scalar{V: v[1].(Vector)[0].F}, false, e.ReturnBool, enh)
 				return vec, handleVectorBinopError(err, e)
 			}, e.LHS, e.RHS)
 
 		case lt == parser.ValueTypeScalar && rt == parser.ValueTypeVector:
-			return ev.rangeEval(nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+			return ev.rangeEval(ctx, nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 				vec, err := ev.VectorscalarBinop(e.Op, v[1].(Vector), Scalar{V: v[0].(Vector)[0].F}, true, e.ReturnBool, enh)
 				return vec, handleVectorBinopError(err, e)
 			}, e.LHS, e.RHS)
 		}
 
 	case *parser.NumberLiteral:
-		return ev.rangeEval(nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+		return ev.rangeEval(ctx, nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 			return append(enh.Out, Sample{F: e.Val, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}), nil
 		})
 
@@ -1862,7 +1857,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		return String{V: e.Val, T: ev.startTimestamp}, nil
 
 	case *parser.VectorSelector:
-		ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ev.ctx, e)
+		ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ctx, e)
 		if err != nil {
 			ev.error(errWithWarnings{fmt.Errorf("expanding series: %w", err), ws})
 		}
@@ -1871,7 +1866,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		it := storage.NewMemoizedEmptyIterator(durationMilliseconds(ev.lookbackDelta))
 		var chkIter chunkenc.Iterator
 		for i, s := range e.Series {
-			if err := contextDone(ev.ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
+			if err := contextDone(ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
 				ev.error(err)
 			}
 			chkIter = s.Iterator(chkIter)
@@ -1922,14 +1917,13 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 		if ev.startTimestamp != ev.endTimestamp {
 			panic(errors.New("cannot do range evaluation of matrix selector"))
 		}
-		return ev.matrixSelector(e)
+		return ev.matrixSelector(ctx, e)
 
 	case *parser.SubqueryExpr:
 		offsetMillis := durationMilliseconds(e.Offset)
 		rangeMillis := durationMilliseconds(e.Range)
 		newEv := &evaluator{
 			endTimestamp:             ev.endTimestamp - offsetMillis,
-			ctx:                      ev.ctx,
 			currentSamples:           ev.currentSamples,
 			maxSamples:               ev.maxSamples,
 			logger:                   ev.logger,
@@ -1959,7 +1953,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 			setOffsetForAtModifier(newEv.startTimestamp, e.Expr)
 		}
 
-		res, ws := newEv.eval(e.Expr)
+		res, ws := newEv.eval(ctx, e.Expr)
 		ev.currentSamples = newEv.currentSamples
 		ev.samplesStats.UpdatePeakFromSubquery(newEv.samplesStats)
 		ev.samplesStats.IncrementSamplesAtTimestamp(ev.endTimestamp, newEv.samplesStats.TotalSamples)
@@ -1967,14 +1961,13 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 	case *parser.StepInvariantExpr:
 		switch ce := e.Expr.(type) {
 		case *parser.StringLiteral, *parser.NumberLiteral:
-			return ev.eval(ce)
+			return ev.eval(ctx, ce)
 		}
 
 		newEv := &evaluator{
 			startTimestamp:           ev.startTimestamp,
 			endTimestamp:             ev.startTimestamp, // Always a single evaluation.
 			interval:                 ev.interval,
-			ctx:                      ev.ctx,
 			currentSamples:           ev.currentSamples,
 			maxSamples:               ev.maxSamples,
 			logger:                   ev.logger,
@@ -1983,7 +1976,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotatio
 			noStepSubqueryIntervalFn: ev.noStepSubqueryIntervalFn,
 			enableDelayedNameRemoval: ev.enableDelayedNameRemoval,
 		}
-		res, ws := newEv.eval(e.Expr)
+		res, ws := newEv.eval(ctx, e.Expr)
 		ev.currentSamples = newEv.currentSamples
 		ev.samplesStats.UpdatePeakFromSubquery(newEv.samplesStats)
 		for ts, step := ev.startTimestamp, -1; ts <= ev.endTimestamp; ts += ev.interval {
@@ -2059,8 +2052,8 @@ func reuseOrGetFPointSlices(prevSS *Series, numSteps int) (r []FPoint) {
 	return getFPointSlice(numSteps)
 }
 
-func (ev *evaluator) rangeEvalTimestampFunctionOverVectorSelector(vs *parser.VectorSelector, call FunctionCall, e *parser.Call) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotations) {
-	ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ev.ctx, vs)
+func (ev *evaluator) rangeEvalTimestampFunctionOverVectorSelector(ctx context.Context, vs *parser.VectorSelector, call FunctionCall, e *parser.Call) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotations) {
+	ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ctx, vs)
 	if err != nil {
 		ev.error(errWithWarnings{fmt.Errorf("expanding series: %w", err), ws})
 	}
@@ -2071,7 +2064,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) rangeEvalTimestampFunctionOverVectorSelector(vs *parser.Vec
 		seriesIterators[i] = storage.NewMemoizedIterator(it, durationMilliseconds(ev.lookbackDelta))
 	}
 
-	return ev.rangeEval(nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+	return ev.rangeEval(ctx, nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 		if vs.Timestamp != nil {
 			// This is a special case for "timestamp()" when the @ modifier is used, to ensure that
 			// we return a point for each time step in this case.
@@ -2207,7 +2200,7 @@ func putMatrixSelectorHPointSlice(p []HPoint) {
 }
 
 // matrixSelector evaluates a *parser.MatrixSelector expression.
-func (ev *evaluator) matrixSelector(node *parser.MatrixSelector) (Matrix, annotations.Annotations) {
+func (ev *evaluator) matrixSelector(ctx context.Context, node *parser.MatrixSelector) (Matrix, annotations.Annotations) {
 	var (
 		vs = node.VectorSelector.(*parser.VectorSelector)
 
@@ -2218,7 +2211,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) matrixSelector(node *parser.MatrixSelector) (Matrix, annota
 
 		it = storage.NewBuffer(durationMilliseconds(node.Range))
 	)
-	ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ev.ctx, node)
+	ws, err := checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ctx, node)
 	if err != nil {
 		ev.error(errWithWarnings{fmt.Errorf("expanding series: %w", err), ws})
 	}
@@ -2226,7 +2219,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) matrixSelector(node *parser.MatrixSelector) (Matrix, annota
 	var chkIter chunkenc.Iterator
 	series := vs.Series
 	for i, s := range series {
-		if err := contextDone(ev.ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
+		if err := contextDone(ctx, "expression evaluation"); err != nil {
 			ev.error(err)
 		}
 		chkIter = s.Iterator(chkIter)
diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index 9fa7fbe19..8141d2a9e 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package promql
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
@@ -1463,7 +1464,7 @@ func funcChanges(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelp
 }
 
 // label_replace function operates only on series; does not look at timestamps or values.
-func (ev *evaluator) evalLabelReplace(args parser.Expressions) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotations) {
+func (ev *evaluator) evalLabelReplace(ctx context.Context, args parser.Expressions) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotations) {
 	var (
 		dst      = stringFromArg(args[1])
 		repl     = stringFromArg(args[2])
@@ -1479,7 +1480,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) evalLabelReplace(args parser.Expressions) (parser.Value, an
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid destination label name in label_replace(): %s", dst))
 	}
 
-	val, ws := ev.eval(args[0])
+	val, ws := ev.eval(ctx, args[0])
 	matrix := val.(Matrix)
 	lb := labels.NewBuilder(labels.EmptyLabels())
 
@@ -1520,7 +1521,7 @@ func funcVector(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelpe
 }
 
 // label_join function operates only on series; does not look at timestamps or values.
-func (ev *evaluator) evalLabelJoin(args parser.Expressions) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotations) {
+func (ev *evaluator) evalLabelJoin(ctx context.Context, args parser.Expressions) (parser.Value, annotations.Annotations) {
 	var (
 		dst       = stringFromArg(args[1])
 		sep       = stringFromArg(args[2])
@@ -1537,7 +1538,7 @@ func (ev *evaluator) evalLabelJoin(args parser.Expressions) (parser.Value, annot
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid destination label name in label_join(): %s", dst))
 	}
 
-	val, ws := ev.eval(args[0])
+	val, ws := ev.eval(ctx, args[0])
 	matrix := val.(Matrix)
 	srcVals := make([]string, len(srcLabels))
 	lb := labels.NewBuilder(labels.EmptyLabels())

From 54989ce6fd6f25feb334cb4610e9e65ec700755e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 21:17:45 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 178/180] PromQL: add short string method

To be used in tracing or logging.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 promql/parser/printer.go | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/promql/parser/printer.go b/promql/parser/printer.go
index 69f5f082d..63b195082 100644
--- a/promql/parser/printer.go
+++ b/promql/parser/printer.go
@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@ func (node *AggregateExpr) String() string {
 	return aggrString
 }
 
+func (node *AggregateExpr) ShortString() string {
+	aggrString := node.getAggOpStr()
+	return aggrString
+}
+
 func (node *AggregateExpr) getAggOpStr() string {
 	aggrString := node.Op.String()
 
@@ -95,14 +100,20 @@ func joinLabels(ss []string) string {
 	return strings.Join(ss, ", ")
 }
 
-func (node *BinaryExpr) String() string {
-	returnBool := ""
+func (node *BinaryExpr) returnBool() string {
 	if node.ReturnBool {
-		returnBool = " bool"
+		return " bool"
 	}
+	return ""
+}
 
+func (node *BinaryExpr) String() string {
 	matching := node.getMatchingStr()
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s%s%s %s", node.LHS, node.Op, returnBool, matching, node.RHS)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s%s%s %s", node.LHS, node.Op, node.returnBool(), matching, node.RHS)
+}
+
+func (node *BinaryExpr) ShortString() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s", node.Op, node.returnBool(), node.getMatchingStr())
 }
 
 func (node *BinaryExpr) getMatchingStr() string {
@@ -130,9 +141,13 @@ func (node *Call) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s(%s)", node.Func.Name, node.Args)
 }
 
-func (node *MatrixSelector) String() string {
+func (node *Call) ShortString() string {
+	return node.Func.Name
+}
+
+func (node *MatrixSelector) atOffset() (string, string) {
 	// Copy the Vector selector before changing the offset
-	vecSelector := *node.VectorSelector.(*VectorSelector)
+	vecSelector := node.VectorSelector.(*VectorSelector)
 	offset := ""
 	switch {
 	case vecSelector.OriginalOffset > time.Duration(0):
@@ -149,7 +164,13 @@ func (node *MatrixSelector) String() string {
 	case vecSelector.StartOrEnd == END:
 		at = " @ end()"
 	}
+	return at, offset
+}
 
+func (node *MatrixSelector) String() string {
+	at, offset := node.atOffset()
+	// Copy the Vector selector before changing the offset
+	vecSelector := *node.VectorSelector.(*VectorSelector)
 	// Do not print the @ and offset twice.
 	offsetVal, atVal, preproc := vecSelector.OriginalOffset, vecSelector.Timestamp, vecSelector.StartOrEnd
 	vecSelector.OriginalOffset = 0
@@ -163,10 +184,19 @@ func (node *MatrixSelector) String() string {
 	return str
 }
 
+func (node *MatrixSelector) ShortString() string {
+	at, offset := node.atOffset()
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[%s]%s%s", model.Duration(node.Range), at, offset)
+}
+
 func (node *SubqueryExpr) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", node.Expr.String(), node.getSubqueryTimeSuffix())
 }
 
+func (node *SubqueryExpr) ShortString() string {
+	return node.getSubqueryTimeSuffix()
+}
+
 // getSubqueryTimeSuffix returns the '[<range>:<step>] @ <timestamp> offset <offset>' suffix of the subquery.
 func (node *SubqueryExpr) getSubqueryTimeSuffix() string {
 	step := ""
@@ -208,6 +238,10 @@ func (node *UnaryExpr) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", node.Op, node.Expr)
 }
 
+func (node *UnaryExpr) ShortString() string {
+	return node.Op.String()
+}
+
 func (node *VectorSelector) String() string {
 	var labelStrings []string
 	if len(node.LabelMatchers) > 1 {

From abb0502685ee7ee745c84fa07f246f158fe8b170 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 13:38:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 179/180] [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Add detail to tracing spans

For aggregates, operators, calls, show what operation is performed.
Also add an event when series are expanded, typically time spent
accessing TSDB.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>
---
 promql/engine.go | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/promql/engine.go b/promql/engine.go
index 537eafb41..3094ca3b2 100644
--- a/promql/engine.go
+++ b/promql/engine.go
@@ -991,6 +991,8 @@ func checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ctx context.Context, expr parser.Expr) (annotations
 		if e.Series != nil {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
+		span := trace.SpanFromContext(ctx)
+		span.AddEvent("expand start", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("selector", e.String())))
 		series, ws, err := expandSeriesSet(ctx, e.UnexpandedSeriesSet)
 		if e.SkipHistogramBuckets {
 			for i := range series {
@@ -998,6 +1000,7 @@ func checkAndExpandSeriesSet(ctx context.Context, expr parser.Expr) (annotations
 			}
 		}
 		e.Series = series
+		span.AddEvent("expand end", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.Int("num_series", len(series))))
 		return ws, err
 	}
 	return nil, nil
@@ -1475,6 +1478,9 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(ctx context.Context, expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value,
 	// Create a new span to help investigate inner evaluation performances.
 	ctx, span := otel.Tracer("").Start(ctx, stats.InnerEvalTime.SpanOperation()+" eval "+reflect.TypeOf(expr).String())
 	defer span.End()
+	if ss, ok := expr.(interface{ ShortString() string }); ok {
+		span.SetAttributes(attribute.String("operation", ss.ShortString()))
+	}
 
 	switch e := expr.(type) {
 	case *parser.AggregateExpr:
@@ -1849,11 +1855,13 @@ func (ev *evaluator) eval(ctx context.Context, expr parser.Expr) (parser.Value,
 		}
 
 	case *parser.NumberLiteral:
+		span.SetAttributes(attribute.Float64("value", e.Val))
 		return ev.rangeEval(ctx, nil, func(v []parser.Value, _ [][]EvalSeriesHelper, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
 			return append(enh.Out, Sample{F: e.Val, Metric: labels.EmptyLabels()}), nil
 		})
 
 	case *parser.StringLiteral:
+		span.SetAttributes(attribute.String("value", e.Val))
 		return String{V: e.Val, T: ev.startTimestamp}, nil
 
 	case *parser.VectorSelector:

From f2064c7987d34d44c368b48968f845842dfd973d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joshua Hesketh <josh@hesketh.net.au>
Date: Wed, 4 Sep 2024 20:07:16 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 180/180] NH: Do not re-use spans between histograms (#14771)

promql, tsdb (histograms): Do not re-use spans between histograms

When multiple points exist with the same native histogram schemas they
share their spans.
This causes a problem when a native histogram (NH) schema is modified (for example, during
a Sum) then the other NH's with the same spans are also modified. As such,
we should create a new Span for each NH. This will ensure NH's interfaces
are safe to use without considering the effect on other histograms.

At the moment this doesn't present itself as a problem because in all
aggregations and functions operating on native histograms they are copied
by the promql query engine first.

Signed-off-by: Joshua Hesketh <josh@nitrotech.org>

---------

Signed-off-by: Joshua Hesketh <josh@nitrotech.org>
---
 tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go      |  17 ++++-
 tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go |  51 +++++++++++++
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go            |  21 +++++-
 tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go       | 102 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 189 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
index a5f123bc9..f18eb77da 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram.go
@@ -974,6 +974,7 @@ func (it *floatHistogramIterator) Reset(b []byte) {
 	if it.atFloatHistogramCalled {
 		it.atFloatHistogramCalled = false
 		it.pBuckets, it.nBuckets = nil, nil
+		it.pSpans, it.nSpans = nil, nil
 	} else {
 		it.pBuckets, it.nBuckets = it.pBuckets[:0], it.nBuckets[:0]
 	}
@@ -1069,7 +1070,7 @@ func (it *floatHistogramIterator) Next() ValueType {
 	// The case for the 2nd sample with single deltas is implicitly handled correctly with the double delta code,
 	// so we don't need a separate single delta logic for the 2nd sample.
 
-	// Recycle bucket slices that have not been returned yet. Otherwise, copy them.
+	// Recycle bucket and span slices that have not been returned yet. Otherwise, copy them.
 	// We can always recycle the slices for leading and trailing bits as they are
 	// never returned to the caller.
 	if it.atFloatHistogramCalled {
@@ -1088,6 +1089,20 @@ func (it *floatHistogramIterator) Next() ValueType {
 		} else {
 			it.nBuckets = nil
 		}
+		if len(it.pSpans) > 0 {
+			newSpans := make([]histogram.Span, len(it.pSpans))
+			copy(newSpans, it.pSpans)
+			it.pSpans = newSpans
+		} else {
+			it.pSpans = nil
+		}
+		if len(it.nSpans) > 0 {
+			newSpans := make([]histogram.Span, len(it.nSpans))
+			copy(newSpans, it.nSpans)
+			it.nSpans = newSpans
+		} else {
+			it.nSpans = nil
+		}
 	}
 
 	tDod, err := readVarbitInt(&it.br)
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
index 689696f5a..6092c0f63 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/float_histogram_test.go
@@ -1306,3 +1306,54 @@ func TestFloatHistogramAppendOnlyErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		require.EqualError(t, err, "float histogram counter reset")
 	})
 }
+
+func TestFloatHistogramUniqueSpansAfterNext(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create two histograms with the same schema and spans.
+	h1 := &histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		Schema:        1,
+		ZeroThreshold: 1e-100,
+		Count:         10,
+		ZeroCount:     2,
+		Sum:           15.0,
+		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 2},
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 2},
+		},
+		PositiveBuckets: []float64{1, 2, 3, 4},
+		NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 1},
+		},
+		NegativeBuckets: []float64{2},
+	}
+
+	h2 := h1.Copy()
+
+	// Create a chunk and append both histograms.
+	c := NewFloatHistogramChunk()
+	app, err := c.Appender()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, _, _, err = app.AppendFloatHistogram(nil, 0, h1, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, _, _, err = app.AppendFloatHistogram(nil, 1, h2, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create an iterator and advance to the first histogram.
+	it := c.Iterator(nil)
+	require.Equal(t, ValFloatHistogram, it.Next())
+	_, rh1 := it.AtFloatHistogram(nil)
+
+	// Advance to the second histogram and retrieve it.
+	require.Equal(t, ValFloatHistogram, it.Next())
+	_, rh2 := it.AtFloatHistogram(nil)
+
+	require.Equal(t, rh1.PositiveSpans, h1.PositiveSpans, "Returned positive spans are as expected")
+	require.Equal(t, rh1.NegativeSpans, h1.NegativeSpans, "Returned negative spans are as expected")
+	require.Equal(t, rh2.PositiveSpans, h1.PositiveSpans, "Returned positive spans are as expected")
+	require.Equal(t, rh2.NegativeSpans, h1.NegativeSpans, "Returned negative spans are as expected")
+
+	// Check that the spans for h1 and h2 are unique slices.
+	require.NotSame(t, &rh1.PositiveSpans[0], &rh2.PositiveSpans[0], "PositiveSpans should be unique between histograms")
+	require.NotSame(t, &rh1.NegativeSpans[0], &rh2.NegativeSpans[0], "NegativeSpans should be unique between histograms")
+}
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
index fafae48d3..f8796d64e 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram.go
@@ -1073,6 +1073,7 @@ func (it *histogramIterator) Reset(b []byte) {
 	if it.atHistogramCalled {
 		it.atHistogramCalled = false
 		it.pBuckets, it.nBuckets = nil, nil
+		it.pSpans, it.nSpans = nil, nil
 	} else {
 		it.pBuckets = it.pBuckets[:0]
 		it.nBuckets = it.nBuckets[:0]
@@ -1185,8 +1186,25 @@ func (it *histogramIterator) Next() ValueType {
 	// The case for the 2nd sample with single deltas is implicitly handled correctly with the double delta code,
 	// so we don't need a separate single delta logic for the 2nd sample.
 
-	// Recycle bucket slices that have not been returned yet. Otherwise,
+	// Recycle bucket and span slices that have not been returned yet. Otherwise, copy them.
 	// copy them.
+	if it.atFloatHistogramCalled || it.atHistogramCalled {
+		if len(it.pSpans) > 0 {
+			newSpans := make([]histogram.Span, len(it.pSpans))
+			copy(newSpans, it.pSpans)
+			it.pSpans = newSpans
+		} else {
+			it.pSpans = nil
+		}
+		if len(it.nSpans) > 0 {
+			newSpans := make([]histogram.Span, len(it.nSpans))
+			copy(newSpans, it.nSpans)
+			it.nSpans = newSpans
+		} else {
+			it.nSpans = nil
+		}
+	}
+
 	if it.atHistogramCalled {
 		it.atHistogramCalled = false
 		if len(it.pBuckets) > 0 {
@@ -1204,6 +1222,7 @@ func (it *histogramIterator) Next() ValueType {
 			it.nBuckets = nil
 		}
 	}
+
 	// FloatBuckets are set from scratch, so simply create empty ones.
 	if it.atFloatHistogramCalled {
 		it.atFloatHistogramCalled = false
diff --git a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
index 59187ed17..29b77b158 100644
--- a/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/chunkenc/histogram_test.go
@@ -1487,6 +1487,108 @@ func TestHistogramAppendOnlyErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestHistogramUniqueSpansAfterNext(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create two histograms with the same schema and spans.
+	h1 := &histogram.Histogram{
+		Schema:        1,
+		ZeroThreshold: 1e-100,
+		Count:         10,
+		ZeroCount:     2,
+		Sum:           15.0,
+		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 2},
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 2},
+		},
+		PositiveBuckets: []int64{1, 2, 3, 4},
+		NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 1},
+		},
+		NegativeBuckets: []int64{2},
+	}
+
+	h2 := h1.Copy()
+
+	// Create a chunk and append both histograms.
+	c := NewHistogramChunk()
+	app, err := c.Appender()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, _, _, err = app.AppendHistogram(nil, 0, h1, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, _, _, err = app.AppendHistogram(nil, 1, h2, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create an iterator and advance to the first histogram.
+	it := c.Iterator(nil)
+	require.Equal(t, ValHistogram, it.Next())
+	_, rh1 := it.AtHistogram(nil)
+
+	// Advance to the second histogram and retrieve it.
+	require.Equal(t, ValHistogram, it.Next())
+	_, rh2 := it.AtHistogram(nil)
+
+	require.Equal(t, rh1.PositiveSpans, h1.PositiveSpans, "Returned positive spans are as expected")
+	require.Equal(t, rh1.NegativeSpans, h1.NegativeSpans, "Returned negative spans are as expected")
+	require.Equal(t, rh2.PositiveSpans, h1.PositiveSpans, "Returned positive spans are as expected")
+	require.Equal(t, rh2.NegativeSpans, h1.NegativeSpans, "Returned negative spans are as expected")
+
+	// Check that the spans for h1 and h2 are unique slices.
+	require.NotSame(t, &rh1.PositiveSpans[0], &rh2.PositiveSpans[0], "PositiveSpans should be unique between histograms")
+	require.NotSame(t, &rh1.NegativeSpans[0], &rh2.NegativeSpans[0], "NegativeSpans should be unique between histograms")
+}
+
+func TestHistogramUniqueSpansAfterNextWithAtFloatHistogram(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create two histograms with the same schema and spans.
+	h1 := &histogram.Histogram{
+		Schema:        1,
+		ZeroThreshold: 1e-100,
+		Count:         10,
+		ZeroCount:     2,
+		Sum:           15.0,
+		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 0, Length: 2},
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 2},
+		},
+		PositiveBuckets: []int64{1, 2, 3, 4},
+		NegativeSpans: []histogram.Span{
+			{Offset: 1, Length: 1},
+		},
+		NegativeBuckets: []int64{2},
+	}
+
+	h2 := h1.Copy()
+
+	// Create a chunk and append both histograms.
+	c := NewHistogramChunk()
+	app, err := c.Appender()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, _, _, err = app.AppendHistogram(nil, 0, h1, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, _, _, err = app.AppendHistogram(nil, 1, h2, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create an iterator and advance to the first histogram.
+	it := c.Iterator(nil)
+	require.Equal(t, ValHistogram, it.Next())
+	_, rh1 := it.AtFloatHistogram(nil)
+
+	// Advance to the second histogram and retrieve it.
+	require.Equal(t, ValHistogram, it.Next())
+	_, rh2 := it.AtFloatHistogram(nil)
+
+	require.Equal(t, rh1.PositiveSpans, h1.PositiveSpans, "Returned positive spans are as expected")
+	require.Equal(t, rh1.NegativeSpans, h1.NegativeSpans, "Returned negative spans are as expected")
+	require.Equal(t, rh2.PositiveSpans, h1.PositiveSpans, "Returned positive spans are as expected")
+	require.Equal(t, rh2.NegativeSpans, h1.NegativeSpans, "Returned negative spans are as expected")
+
+	// Check that the spans for h1 and h2 are unique slices.
+	require.NotSame(t, &rh1.PositiveSpans[0], &rh2.PositiveSpans[0], "PositiveSpans should be unique between histograms")
+	require.NotSame(t, &rh1.NegativeSpans[0], &rh2.NegativeSpans[0], "NegativeSpans should be unique between histograms")
+}
+
 func BenchmarkAppendable(b *testing.B) {
 	// Create a histogram with a bunch of spans and buckets.
 	const (