diff --git a/storage/interface.go b/storage/interface.go
index 539c617b6..e85a159e4 100644
--- a/storage/interface.go
+++ b/storage/interface.go
@@ -116,7 +116,10 @@ type Appender interface {
 	// faster than adding a sample by providing its full label set.
 	AddFast(ref uint64, t int64, v float64) error
 
-	// Commit submits the collected samples and purges the batch.
+	// Commit submits the collected samples and purges the batch. If Commit
+	// returns a non-nil error, it also rolls back all modifications made in
+	// the appender so far, as Rollback would do. In any case, an Appender
+	// must not be used anymore after Commit has been called.
 	Commit() error
 
 	// Rollback rolls back all modifications made in the appender so far.
diff --git a/tsdb/head.go b/tsdb/head.go
index 7c05bd01b..0de043000 100644
--- a/tsdb/head.go
+++ b/tsdb/head.go
@@ -1042,15 +1042,17 @@ func (a *headAppender) log() error {
 }
 
 func (a *headAppender) Commit() error {
+	if err := a.log(); err != nil {
+		//nolint: errcheck
+		a.Rollback() // Most likely the same error will happen again.
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "write to WAL")
+	}
+
 	defer a.head.metrics.activeAppenders.Dec()
 	defer a.head.putAppendBuffer(a.samples)
 	defer a.head.putSeriesBuffer(a.sampleSeries)
 	defer a.head.iso.closeAppend(a.appendID)
 
-	if err := a.log(); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "write to WAL")
-	}
-
 	total := len(a.samples)
 	var series *memSeries
 	for i, s := range a.samples {
@@ -1088,6 +1090,7 @@ func (a *headAppender) Rollback() error {
 	}
 	a.head.putAppendBuffer(a.samples)
 	a.samples = nil
+	a.head.putSeriesBuffer(a.sampleSeries)
 	a.head.iso.closeAppend(a.appendID)
 
 	// Series are created in the head memory regardless of rollback. Thus we have