diff --git a/tsdb/exemplar.go b/tsdb/exemplar.go
index d32870f704..31d461bed9 100644
--- a/tsdb/exemplar.go
+++ b/tsdb/exemplar.go
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ func (ce *CircularExemplarStorage) Querier(_ context.Context) (storage.ExemplarQ
 func (ce *CircularExemplarStorage) Select(start, end int64, matchers ...[]*labels.Matcher) ([]exemplar.QueryResult, error) {
 	ret := make([]exemplar.QueryResult, 0)
 
+	ce.lock.RLock()
+	defer ce.lock.RUnlock()
+
 	if len(ce.exemplars) == 0 {
 		return ret, nil
 	}
 
-	ce.lock.RLock()
-	defer ce.lock.RUnlock()
-
 	// Loop through each index entry, which will point us to first/last exemplar for each series.
 	for _, idx := range ce.index {
 		var se exemplar.QueryResult
@@ -281,13 +281,13 @@ func (ce *CircularExemplarStorage) Resize(l int64) int {
 		l = 0
 	}
 
+	ce.lock.Lock()
+	defer ce.lock.Unlock()
+
 	if l == int64(len(ce.exemplars)) {
 		return 0
 	}
 
-	ce.lock.Lock()
-	defer ce.lock.Unlock()
-
 	oldBuffer := ce.exemplars
 	oldNextIndex := int64(ce.nextIndex)
 
@@ -349,6 +349,11 @@ func (ce *CircularExemplarStorage) migrate(entry *circularBufferEntry, buf []byt
 }
 
 func (ce *CircularExemplarStorage) AddExemplar(l labels.Labels, e exemplar.Exemplar) error {
+	// TODO(bwplotka): This lock can lock all scrapers, there might high contention on this on scale.
+	// Optimize by moving the lock to be per series (& benchmark it).
+	ce.lock.Lock()
+	defer ce.lock.Unlock()
+
 	if len(ce.exemplars) == 0 {
 		return storage.ErrExemplarsDisabled
 	}
@@ -356,11 +361,6 @@ func (ce *CircularExemplarStorage) AddExemplar(l labels.Labels, e exemplar.Exemp
 	var buf [1024]byte
 	seriesLabels := l.Bytes(buf[:])
 
-	// TODO(bwplotka): This lock can lock all scrapers, there might high contention on this on scale.
-	// Optimize by moving the lock to be per series (& benchmark it).
-	ce.lock.Lock()
-	defer ce.lock.Unlock()
-
 	idx, ok := ce.index[string(seriesLabels)]
 	err := ce.validateExemplar(idx, e, true)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/tsdb/exemplar_test.go b/tsdb/exemplar_test.go
index 7723ec3894..dbd34cc48c 100644
--- a/tsdb/exemplar_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/exemplar_test.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
@@ -499,3 +500,40 @@ func BenchmarkResizeExemplars(b *testing.B) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// TestCircularExemplarStorage_Concurrent_AddExemplar_Resize tries to provoke a data race between AddExemplar and Resize.
+// Run with race detection enabled.
+func TestCircularExemplarStorage_Concurrent_AddExemplar_Resize(t *testing.T) {
+	exs, err := NewCircularExemplarStorage(0, eMetrics)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	es := exs.(*CircularExemplarStorage)
+
+	l := labels.FromStrings("service", "asdf")
+	e := exemplar.Exemplar{
+		Labels: labels.FromStrings("trace_id", "qwerty"),
+		Value:  0.1,
+		Ts:     1,
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	t.Cleanup(wg.Wait)
+
+	started := make(chan struct{})
+
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+
+		<-started
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			require.NoError(t, es.AddExemplar(l, e))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		es.Resize(int64(i + 1))
+		if i == 0 {
+			close(started)
+		}
+	}
+}