diff --git a/prompb/remote.pb.go b/prompb/remote.pb.go
index 8519468b9..b5d6b6984 100644
--- a/prompb/remote.pb.go
+++ b/prompb/remote.pb.go
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (x ReadRequest_ResponseType) String() string {
 }
 
 func (ReadRequest_ResponseType) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{5, 0}
+	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{6, 0}
 }
 
 type WriteRequest struct {
@@ -232,6 +232,63 @@ func (m *MinimizedWriteRequest) GetSymbols() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+type MinimizedWriteRequestBytes struct {
+	Timeseries []MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=timeseries,proto3" json:"timeseries"`
+	// The symbols table. All symbols are concatenated strings. To read the symbols table, it's required
+	// to know the offset:length range of the actual symbol to read from this string.
+	Symbols              string   `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=symbols,proto3" json:"symbols,omitempty"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
+}
+
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) Reset()         { *m = MinimizedWriteRequestBytes{} }
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{3}
+}
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return m.Unmarshal(b)
+}
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	if deterministic {
+		return xxx_messageInfo_MinimizedWriteRequestBytes.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+	} else {
+		b = b[:cap(b)]
+		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return b[:n], nil
+	}
+}
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_MinimizedWriteRequestBytes.Merge(m, src)
+}
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) XXX_Size() int {
+	return m.Size()
+}
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_MinimizedWriteRequestBytes.DiscardUnknown(m)
+}
+
+var xxx_messageInfo_MinimizedWriteRequestBytes proto.InternalMessageInfo
+
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) GetTimeseries() []MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Timeseries
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) GetSymbols() string {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Symbols
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 type MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32 struct {
 	Timeseries []MinimizedTimeSeriesFixed32 `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=timeseries,proto3" json:"timeseries"`
 	// The symbols table. All symbols are concatenated strings. To read the symbols table, it's required
@@ -246,7 +303,7 @@ func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32) Reset()         { *m = MinimizedWriteRequ
 func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{3}
+	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{4}
 }
 func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -303,7 +360,7 @@ func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestFixed64) Reset()         { *m = MinimizedWriteRequ
 func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestFixed64) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*MinimizedWriteRequestFixed64) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*MinimizedWriteRequestFixed64) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{4}
+	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{5}
 }
 func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestFixed64) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -364,7 +421,7 @@ func (m *ReadRequest) Reset()         { *m = ReadRequest{} }
 func (m *ReadRequest) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*ReadRequest) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*ReadRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{5}
+	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{6}
 }
 func (m *ReadRequest) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -420,7 +477,7 @@ func (m *ReadResponse) Reset()         { *m = ReadResponse{} }
 func (m *ReadResponse) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*ReadResponse) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*ReadResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{6}
+	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{7}
 }
 func (m *ReadResponse) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -470,7 +527,7 @@ func (m *Query) Reset()         { *m = Query{} }
 func (m *Query) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Query) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Query) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{7}
+	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{8}
 }
 func (m *Query) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -539,7 +596,7 @@ func (m *QueryResult) Reset()         { *m = QueryResult{} }
 func (m *QueryResult) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*QueryResult) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*QueryResult) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{8}
+	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{9}
 }
 func (m *QueryResult) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -592,7 +649,7 @@ func (m *ChunkedReadResponse) Reset()         { *m = ChunkedReadResponse{} }
 func (m *ChunkedReadResponse) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*ChunkedReadResponse) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*ChunkedReadResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{9}
+	return fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b, []int{10}
 }
 func (m *ChunkedReadResponse) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -640,6 +697,7 @@ func init() {
 	proto.RegisterType((*WriteRequest)(nil), "prometheus.WriteRequest")
 	proto.RegisterType((*MinimizedWriteRequestPacking)(nil), "prometheus.MinimizedWriteRequestPacking")
 	proto.RegisterType((*MinimizedWriteRequest)(nil), "prometheus.MinimizedWriteRequest")
+	proto.RegisterType((*MinimizedWriteRequestBytes)(nil), "prometheus.MinimizedWriteRequestBytes")
 	proto.RegisterType((*MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32)(nil), "prometheus.MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32")
 	proto.RegisterType((*MinimizedWriteRequestFixed64)(nil), "prometheus.MinimizedWriteRequestFixed64")
 	proto.RegisterType((*ReadRequest)(nil), "prometheus.ReadRequest")
@@ -652,45 +710,46 @@ func init() {
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("remote.proto", fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b) }
 
 var fileDescriptor_eefc82927d57d89b = []byte{
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-	0xff, 0x13, 0xe9, 0xfd, 0x50, 0xce, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00,
+	// 621 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
+	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0xb4, 0x95, 0xdf, 0x4e, 0x13, 0x41,
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+	0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf7, 0x0a, 0xf4, 0xd7, 0x5f, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00,
 }
 
 func (m *WriteRequest) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
@@ -844,6 +903,54 @@ func (m *MinimizedWriteRequest) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
 
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
+	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return dAtA[:n], nil
+}
+
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+}
+
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	i := len(dAtA)
+	_ = i
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
+		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
+		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
+	}
+	if len(m.Symbols) > 0 {
+		i -= len(m.Symbols)
+		copy(dAtA[i:], m.Symbols)
+		i = encodeVarintRemote(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.Symbols)))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x22
+	}
+	if len(m.Timeseries) > 0 {
+		for iNdEx := len(m.Timeseries) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
+			{
+				size, err := m.Timeseries[iNdEx].MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0, err
+				}
+				i -= size
+				i = encodeVarintRemote(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+			}
+			i--
+			dAtA[i] = 0xa
+		}
+	}
+	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
+}
+
 func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
 	size := m.Size()
 	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
@@ -1269,6 +1376,28 @@ func (m *MinimizedWriteRequest) Size() (n int) {
 	return n
 }
 
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) Size() (n int) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if len(m.Timeseries) > 0 {
+		for _, e := range m.Timeseries {
+			l = e.Size()
+			n += 1 + l + sovRemote(uint64(l))
+		}
+	}
+	l = len(m.Symbols)
+	if l > 0 {
+		n += 1 + l + sovRemote(uint64(l))
+	}
+	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
+		n += len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
 func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32) Size() (n int) {
 	if m == nil {
 		return 0
@@ -1782,6 +1911,123 @@ func (m *MinimizedWriteRequest) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
+	l := len(dAtA)
+	iNdEx := 0
+	for iNdEx < l {
+		preIndex := iNdEx
+		var wire uint64
+		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+			if shift >= 64 {
+				return ErrIntOverflowRemote
+			}
+			if iNdEx >= l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+			iNdEx++
+			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+			if b < 0x80 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
+		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
+		if wireType == 4 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: MinimizedWriteRequestBytes: wiretype end group for non-group")
+		}
+		if fieldNum <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: MinimizedWriteRequestBytes: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
+		}
+		switch fieldNum {
+		case 1:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Timeseries", wireType)
+			}
+			var msglen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowRemote
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if msglen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthRemote
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthRemote
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.Timeseries = append(m.Timeseries, MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes{})
+			if err := m.Timeseries[len(m.Timeseries)-1].Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 4:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Symbols", wireType)
+			}
+			var stringLen uint64
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowRemote
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			intStringLen := int(stringLen)
+			if intStringLen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthRemote
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthRemote
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.Symbols = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		default:
+			iNdEx = preIndex
+			skippy, err := skipRemote(dAtA[iNdEx:])
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthRemote
+			}
+			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.XXX_unrecognized = append(m.XXX_unrecognized, dAtA[iNdEx:iNdEx+skippy]...)
+			iNdEx += skippy
+		}
+	}
+
+	if iNdEx > l {
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	return nil
+}
 func (m *MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	l := len(dAtA)
 	iNdEx := 0
diff --git a/prompb/remote.proto b/prompb/remote.proto
index ae65cbd89..c28c3f36b 100644
--- a/prompb/remote.proto
+++ b/prompb/remote.proto
@@ -51,6 +51,18 @@ message MinimizedWriteRequest {
   string symbols = 4;
 }
 
+message MinimizedWriteRequestBytes {
+  repeated MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes timeseries = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  // Cortex uses this field to determine the source of the write request.
+  // We reserve it to avoid any compatibility issues.
+  reserved  2;
+  // Metadata (3) has moved to be part of the TimeSeries type
+  reserved  3;
+  // The symbols table. All symbols are concatenated strings. To read the symbols table, it's required
+  // to know the offset:length range of the actual symbol to read from this string.
+  string symbols = 4;
+}
+
 message MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32 {
   repeated MinimizedTimeSeriesFixed32 timeseries = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
   // Cortex uses this field to determine the source of the write request.
diff --git a/prompb/types.pb.go b/prompb/types.pb.go
index 8084a9ec6..d764a9c4b 100644
--- a/prompb/types.pb.go
+++ b/prompb/types.pb.go
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func (x LabelMatcher_Type) String() string {
 }
 
 func (LabelMatcher_Type) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{12, 0}
+	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{13, 0}
 }
 
 // We require this to match chunkenc.Encoding.
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ func (x Chunk_Encoding) String() string {
 }
 
 func (Chunk_Encoding) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{14, 0}
+	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{15, 0}
 }
 
 type MetricMetadata struct {
@@ -1034,6 +1034,82 @@ func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesPacking) GetHistograms() []Histogram {
 	return nil
 }
 
+type MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes struct {
+	// Sorted list of label name-value pair references, encoded as varints. This
+	// list's real len is always multiple of 4, packing tuples of (label name offset,
+	// label name length, label value offset, label value length).
+	LabelSymbols []byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=label_symbols,json=labelSymbols,proto3" json:"label_symbols,omitempty"`
+	// Sorted by time, oldest sample first.
+	// TODO: support references for other types
+	Samples              []Sample    `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=samples,proto3" json:"samples"`
+	Exemplars            []Exemplar  `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=exemplars,proto3" json:"exemplars"`
+	Histograms           []Histogram `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=histograms,proto3" json:"histograms"`
+	XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}    `json:"-"`
+	XXX_unrecognized     []byte      `json:"-"`
+	XXX_sizecache        int32       `json:"-"`
+}
+
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) Reset()         { *m = MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes{} }
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{10}
+}
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return m.Unmarshal(b)
+}
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	if deterministic {
+		return xxx_messageInfo_MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+	} else {
+		b = b[:cap(b)]
+		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return b[:n], nil
+	}
+}
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes.Merge(m, src)
+}
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) XXX_Size() int {
+	return m.Size()
+}
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes.DiscardUnknown(m)
+}
+
+var xxx_messageInfo_MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes proto.InternalMessageInfo
+
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) GetLabelSymbols() []byte {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.LabelSymbols
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) GetSamples() []Sample {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Samples
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) GetExemplars() []Exemplar {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Exemplars
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) GetHistograms() []Histogram {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Histograms
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type Label struct {
 	Name                 string   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
 	Value                string   `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
@@ -1046,7 +1122,7 @@ func (m *Label) Reset()         { *m = Label{} }
 func (m *Label) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Label) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Label) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{10}
+	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{11}
 }
 func (m *Label) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1100,7 +1176,7 @@ func (m *Labels) Reset()         { *m = Labels{} }
 func (m *Labels) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Labels) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Labels) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{11}
+	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{12}
 }
 func (m *Labels) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1150,7 +1226,7 @@ func (m *LabelMatcher) Reset()         { *m = LabelMatcher{} }
 func (m *LabelMatcher) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*LabelMatcher) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*LabelMatcher) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{12}
+	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{13}
 }
 func (m *LabelMatcher) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1217,7 +1293,7 @@ func (m *ReadHints) Reset()         { *m = ReadHints{} }
 func (m *ReadHints) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*ReadHints) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*ReadHints) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{13}
+	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{14}
 }
 func (m *ReadHints) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1311,7 +1387,7 @@ func (m *Chunk) Reset()         { *m = Chunk{} }
 func (m *Chunk) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*Chunk) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*Chunk) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{14}
+	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{15}
 }
 func (m *Chunk) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1383,7 +1459,7 @@ func (m *ChunkedSeries) Reset()         { *m = ChunkedSeries{} }
 func (m *ChunkedSeries) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*ChunkedSeries) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*ChunkedSeries) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{15}
+	return fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355, []int{16}
 }
 func (m *ChunkedSeries) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -1441,6 +1517,7 @@ func init() {
 	proto.RegisterType((*MinimizedTimeSeriesFixed32)(nil), "prometheus.MinimizedTimeSeriesFixed32")
 	proto.RegisterType((*MinimizedTimeSeriesFixed64)(nil), "prometheus.MinimizedTimeSeriesFixed64")
 	proto.RegisterType((*MinimizedTimeSeriesPacking)(nil), "prometheus.MinimizedTimeSeriesPacking")
+	proto.RegisterType((*MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes)(nil), "prometheus.MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes")
 	proto.RegisterType((*Label)(nil), "prometheus.Label")
 	proto.RegisterType((*Labels)(nil), "prometheus.Labels")
 	proto.RegisterType((*LabelMatcher)(nil), "prometheus.LabelMatcher")
@@ -1452,81 +1529,82 @@ func init() {
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("types.proto", fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355) }
 
 var fileDescriptor_d938547f84707355 = []byte{
-	// 1174 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
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 }
 
 func (m *MetricMetadata) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
@@ -2321,6 +2399,82 @@ func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesPacking) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, err
 	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
 
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
+	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return dAtA[:n], nil
+}
+
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+}
+
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	i := len(dAtA)
+	_ = i
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
+		i -= len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
+		copy(dAtA[i:], m.XXX_unrecognized)
+	}
+	if len(m.Histograms) > 0 {
+		for iNdEx := len(m.Histograms) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
+			{
+				size, err := m.Histograms[iNdEx].MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0, err
+				}
+				i -= size
+				i = encodeVarintTypes(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+			}
+			i--
+			dAtA[i] = 0x22
+		}
+	}
+	if len(m.Exemplars) > 0 {
+		for iNdEx := len(m.Exemplars) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
+			{
+				size, err := m.Exemplars[iNdEx].MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0, err
+				}
+				i -= size
+				i = encodeVarintTypes(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+			}
+			i--
+			dAtA[i] = 0x1a
+		}
+	}
+	if len(m.Samples) > 0 {
+		for iNdEx := len(m.Samples) - 1; iNdEx >= 0; iNdEx-- {
+			{
+				size, err := m.Samples[iNdEx].MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0, err
+				}
+				i -= size
+				i = encodeVarintTypes(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+			}
+			i--
+			dAtA[i] = 0x12
+		}
+	}
+	if len(m.LabelSymbols) > 0 {
+		i -= len(m.LabelSymbols)
+		copy(dAtA[i:], m.LabelSymbols)
+		i = encodeVarintTypes(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.LabelSymbols)))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0xa
+	}
+	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
+}
+
 func (m *Label) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
 	size := m.Size()
 	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
@@ -2997,6 +3151,40 @@ func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesPacking) Size() (n int) {
 	return n
 }
 
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) Size() (n int) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	l = len(m.LabelSymbols)
+	if l > 0 {
+		n += 1 + l + sovTypes(uint64(l))
+	}
+	if len(m.Samples) > 0 {
+		for _, e := range m.Samples {
+			l = e.Size()
+			n += 1 + l + sovTypes(uint64(l))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(m.Exemplars) > 0 {
+		for _, e := range m.Exemplars {
+			l = e.Size()
+			n += 1 + l + sovTypes(uint64(l))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(m.Histograms) > 0 {
+		for _, e := range m.Histograms {
+			l = e.Size()
+			n += 1 + l + sovTypes(uint64(l))
+		}
+	}
+	if m.XXX_unrecognized != nil {
+		n += len(m.XXX_unrecognized)
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
 func (m *Label) Size() (n int) {
 	if m == nil {
 		return 0
@@ -5160,6 +5348,193 @@ func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesPacking) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+func (m *MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
+	l := len(dAtA)
+	iNdEx := 0
+	for iNdEx < l {
+		preIndex := iNdEx
+		var wire uint64
+		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+			if shift >= 64 {
+				return ErrIntOverflowTypes
+			}
+			if iNdEx >= l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+			iNdEx++
+			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+			if b < 0x80 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
+		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
+		if wireType == 4 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes: wiretype end group for non-group")
+		}
+		if fieldNum <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
+		}
+		switch fieldNum {
+		case 1:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field LabelSymbols", wireType)
+			}
+			var byteLen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowTypes
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if byteLen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthTypes
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthTypes
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.LabelSymbols = append(m.LabelSymbols[:0], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]...)
+			if m.LabelSymbols == nil {
+				m.LabelSymbols = []byte{}
+			}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 2:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Samples", wireType)
+			}
+			var msglen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowTypes
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if msglen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthTypes
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthTypes
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.Samples = append(m.Samples, Sample{})
+			if err := m.Samples[len(m.Samples)-1].Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 3:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Exemplars", wireType)
+			}
+			var msglen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowTypes
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if msglen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthTypes
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthTypes
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.Exemplars = append(m.Exemplars, Exemplar{})
+			if err := m.Exemplars[len(m.Exemplars)-1].Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 4:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Histograms", wireType)
+			}
+			var msglen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowTypes
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if msglen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthTypes
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthTypes
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.Histograms = append(m.Histograms, Histogram{})
+			if err := m.Histograms[len(m.Histograms)-1].Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		default:
+			iNdEx = preIndex
+			skippy, err := skipTypes(dAtA[iNdEx:])
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthTypes
+			}
+			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.XXX_unrecognized = append(m.XXX_unrecognized, dAtA[iNdEx:iNdEx+skippy]...)
+			iNdEx += skippy
+		}
+	}
+
+	if iNdEx > l {
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	return nil
+}
 func (m *Label) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	l := len(dAtA)
 	iNdEx := 0
diff --git a/prompb/types.proto b/prompb/types.proto
index af9902768..21c884d06 100644
--- a/prompb/types.proto
+++ b/prompb/types.proto
@@ -181,6 +181,20 @@ message MinimizedTimeSeriesPacking {
   repeated Histogram histograms = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
 }
 
+message MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes {
+  // Sorted list of label name-value pair references, encoded as varints. This
+  // list's real len is always multiple of 4, packing tuples of (label name offset,
+  // label name length, label value offset, label value length).
+  bytes label_symbols = 1;
+
+  // Sorted by time, oldest sample first.
+  // TODO: support references for other types
+  repeated Sample samples = 2 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Exemplar exemplars = 3 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  repeated Histogram histograms = 4 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
+  // TODO: add metadata
+}
+
 message Label {
   string name  = 1;
   string value = 2;
diff --git a/scripts/remotewrite11-bench/run.sh b/scripts/remotewrite11-bench/run.sh
index 4c39e66f2..ccdba232d 100755
--- a/scripts/remotewrite11-bench/run.sh
+++ b/scripts/remotewrite11-bench/run.sh
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ trap "trap - SIGTERM && kill -- -$$" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
 declare -a INSTANCES
 # (sender,receiver) pairs to run: (sender_name; sender_flags; receiver_name; receiver_flags)
 INSTANCES+=('sender-v1;;receiver-v1;')
-INSTANCES+=('sender-v11;--remote-write-format 1;receiver-v11;--remote-write-format 1')
-INSTANCES+=('sender-v11-min32-optimized-varint;--remote-write-format 2;receiver-v11-min32-optimized-varint;--remote-write-format 2')
-INSTANCES+=('sender-v11-min64-fixed;--remote-write-format 3;receiver-v11-min64-fixed;--remote-write-format 3')
-INSTANCES+=('sender-v11-min32-fixed;--remote-write-format 4;receiver-v11-min32-fixed;--remote-write-format 4')
+INSTANCES+=('sender-v11-min32-optimized-varint;--remote-write-format 1;receiver-v11-min32-optimized-varint;--remote-write-format 1')
+INSTANCES+=('sender-v11-min64-fixed;--remote-write-format 2;receiver-v11-min64-fixed;--remote-write-format 2')
+INSTANCES+=('sender-v11-min32-fixed;--remote-write-format 3;receiver-v11-min32-fixed;--remote-write-format 3')
+INSTANCES+=('sender-v11-min-bytes;--remote-write-format 4;receiver-v11-min-bytes;--remote-write-format 4')
+
 # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 # append two ports to all instances
diff --git a/storage/remote/codec.go b/storage/remote/codec.go
index 7127a147e..320d32d2f 100644
--- a/storage/remote/codec.go
+++ b/storage/remote/codec.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package remote
 
 import (
 	"compress/gzip"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -812,6 +813,19 @@ func labelsToUint32Packed(lbls labels.Labels, symbolTable *rwSymbolTable, buf []
 	return result
 }
 
+func labelsToByteSlice(lbls labels.Labels, symbolTable *rwSymbolTable, buf []byte) []byte {
+	result := buf[:0]
+	lbls.Range(func(l labels.Label) {
+		off, leng := symbolTable.Ref(l.Name)
+		result = binary.AppendUvarint(result, uint64(off))
+		result = binary.AppendUvarint(result, uint64(leng))
+		off, leng = symbolTable.Ref(l.Value)
+		result = binary.AppendUvarint(result, uint64(off))
+		result = binary.AppendUvarint(result, uint64(leng))
+	})
+	return result
+}
+
 func Uint32RefToLabels(symbols string, minLabels []uint32) labels.Labels {
 	ls := labels.NewScratchBuilder(len(minLabels) / 2)
 
@@ -835,6 +849,45 @@ func Uint32RefToLabels(symbols string, minLabels []uint32) labels.Labels {
 	return ls.Labels()
 }
 
+func ByteSliceToLabels(symbols string, minLabels []byte) labels.Labels {
+	ls := labels.NewScratchBuilder(len(minLabels) / 2)
+
+	for len(minLabels) > 0 {
+		// todo, check for overflow?
+		offset, n := binary.Uvarint(minLabels)
+		minLabels = minLabels[n:]
+		length, n := binary.Uvarint(minLabels)
+		minLabels = minLabels[n:]
+		name := symbols[offset : offset+length]
+		// todo, check for overflow?
+		offset, n = binary.Uvarint(minLabels)
+		minLabels = minLabels[n:]
+		length, n = binary.Uvarint(minLabels)
+		minLabels = minLabels[n:]
+		value := symbols[offset : offset+length]
+		ls.Add(name, value)
+	}
+
+	// labelIdx := 0
+	// for labelIdx < len(minLabels) {
+	// 	// todo, check for overflow?
+	// 	offset := minLabels[labelIdx]
+	// 	labelIdx++
+	// 	length := minLabels[labelIdx]
+	// 	labelIdx++
+	// 	name := symbols[offset : offset+length]
+	// 	// todo, check for overflow?
+	// 	offset = minLabels[labelIdx]
+	// 	labelIdx++
+	// 	length = minLabels[labelIdx]
+	// 	labelIdx++
+	// 	value := symbols[offset : offset+length]
+	// 	ls.Add(name, value)
+	// }
+
+	return ls.Labels()
+}
+
 func Uint64RefToLabels(symbols string, minLabels []uint64) labels.Labels {
 	ls := labels.NewScratchBuilder(len(minLabels) / 2)
 	labelIdx := 0
@@ -996,6 +1049,25 @@ func DecodeMinimizedWriteRequestFixed32(r io.Reader) (*prompb.MinimizedWriteRequ
 	return &req, nil
 }
 
+func DecodeMinimizedWriteRequestBytes(r io.Reader) (*prompb.MinimizedWriteRequestBytes, error) {
+	compressed, err := io.ReadAll(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	reqBuf, err := snappy.Decode(nil, compressed)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var req prompb.MinimizedWriteRequestBytes
+	if err := proto.Unmarshal(reqBuf, &req); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &req, nil
+}
+
 func MinimizedWriteRequestToWriteRequest(redReq *prompb.MinimizedWriteRequest) (*prompb.WriteRequest, error) {
 	req := &prompb.WriteRequest{
 		Timeseries: make([]prompb.TimeSeries, len(redReq.Timeseries)),
@@ -1041,18 +1113,13 @@ func min64WriteRequestToWriteRequest(redReq *prompb.MinimizedWriteRequestFixed64
 			})
 		})
 
-		exemplars := make([]prompb.Exemplar, len(rts.Exemplars))
 		// TODO handle exemplars
-		//for j, e := range rts.Exemplars {
-		//	exemplars[j].Value = e.Value
-		//	exemplars[j].Timestamp = e.Timestamp
-		//	exemplars[j].Labels = make([]prompb.Label, len(e.Labels))
-		//
-		//	for k, l := range e.Labels {
-		//		exemplars[j].Labels[k].Name = redReq.StringSymbolTable[l.NameRef]
-		//		exemplars[j].Labels[k].Value = redReq.StringSymbolTable[l.ValueRef]
-		//	}
-		//}
+		exemplars := make([]prompb.Exemplar, len(rts.Exemplars))
+		for j, e := range rts.Exemplars {
+			exemplars[j].Value = e.Value
+			exemplars[j].Timestamp = e.Timestamp
+			exemplars[j].Labels = e.Labels
+		}
 
 		req.Timeseries[i].Samples = rts.Samples
 		req.Timeseries[i].Exemplars = exemplars
diff --git a/storage/remote/queue_manager.go b/storage/remote/queue_manager.go
index 64046004c..caf61d981 100644
--- a/storage/remote/queue_manager.go
+++ b/storage/remote/queue_manager.go
@@ -395,7 +395,8 @@ const (
 	Base1          RemoteWriteFormat = iota // original map based format
 	Min32Optimized                          // two 32bit varint plus marshalling optimization
 	Min64Fixed                              // a single fixed64 bit value, first 32 are offset and 2nd 32 are
-	Min32Fixed                              // two 32bit fixed, similar to optimized but not varints + no manual marshalling optimization
+	Min32Fixed
+	MinBytes // two 32bit fixed, similar to optimized but not varints + no manual marshalling optimization
 )
 
 // QueueManager manages a queue of samples to be sent to the Storage
@@ -1396,6 +1397,11 @@ func (s *shards) runShard(ctx context.Context, shardID int, queue *queue) {
 		pendingMin32Data[i].Samples = []prompb.Sample{{}}
 	}
 
+	pendingMinBytesData := make([]prompb.MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes, max)
+	for i := range pendingMinBytesData {
+		pendingMinBytesData[i].Samples = []prompb.Sample{{}}
+	}
+
 	timer := time.NewTimer(time.Duration(s.qm.cfg.BatchSendDeadline))
 	stop := func() {
 		if !timer.Stop() {
@@ -1450,6 +1456,11 @@ func (s *shards) runShard(ctx context.Context, shardID int, queue *queue) {
 				n := nPendingSamples + nPendingExemplars + nPendingHistograms
 				s.sendMin32Samples(ctx, pendingMin32Data[:n], symbolTable.LabelsString(), nPendingSamples, nPendingExemplars, nPendingHistograms, pBuf, &buf)
 				symbolTable.clear()
+			case MinBytes:
+				nPendingSamples, nPendingExemplars, nPendingHistograms := populateMinimizedTimeSeriesBytes(&symbolTable, batch, pendingMinBytesData, s.qm.sendExemplars, s.qm.sendNativeHistograms)
+				n := nPendingSamples + nPendingExemplars + nPendingHistograms
+				s.sendMin32Samples(ctx, pendingMin32Data[:n], symbolTable.LabelsString(), nPendingSamples, nPendingExemplars, nPendingHistograms, pBuf, &buf)
+				symbolTable.clear()
 			}
 
 			queue.ReturnForReuse(batch)
@@ -1577,6 +1588,18 @@ func (s *shards) sendMin32Samples(ctx context.Context, samples []prompb.Minimize
 	s.updateMetrics(ctx, err, sampleCount, exemplarCount, histogramCount, time.Since(begin))
 }
 
+func (s *shards) sendMinBytes(ctx context.Context, samples []prompb.MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes, labels string, sampleCount, exemplarCount, histogramCount int, pBuf *proto.Buffer, buf *[]byte) {
+	begin := time.Now()
+	// Build the ReducedWriteRequest with no metadata.
+	// Failing to build the write request is non-recoverable, since it will
+	// only error if marshaling the proto to bytes fails.
+	req, highest, err := buildMinimizedWriteRequestBytes(samples, labels, pBuf, buf)
+	if err == nil {
+		err = s.sendSamplesWithBackoff(ctx, req, sampleCount, exemplarCount, histogramCount, highest)
+	}
+	s.updateMetrics(ctx, err, sampleCount, exemplarCount, histogramCount, time.Since(begin))
+}
+
 func (s *shards) updateMetrics(ctx context.Context, err error, sampleCount, exemplarCount, histogramCount int, duration time.Duration) {
 	if err != nil {
 		level.Error(s.qm.logger).Log("msg", "non-recoverable error", "count", sampleCount, "exemplarCount", exemplarCount, "err", err)
@@ -1725,21 +1748,15 @@ func populateMinimizedTimeSeriesFixed64(symbolTable *rwSymbolTable, batch []time
 				Timestamp: d.timestamp,
 			})
 			nPendingSamples++
-			// TODO: handle all types
-		//case tExemplar:
-		//	// TODO(npazosmendez) optimize?
-		//	l := make([]prompb.LabelRef, 0, d.exemplarLabels.Len())
-		//	d.exemplarLabels.Range(func(el labels.Label) {
-		//		nRef := pool.intern(el.Name)
-		//		vRef := pool.intern(el.Value)
-		//		l = append(l, prompb.LabelRef{NameRef: nRef, ValueRef: vRef})
-		//	})
-		//	pendingData[nPending].Exemplars = append(pendingData[nPending].Exemplars, prompb.ExemplarRef{
-		//		Labels:    l,
-		//		Value:     d.value,
-		//		Timestamp: d.timestamp,
-		//	})
-		//	nPendingExemplars++
+		// TODO: handle all types
+		case tExemplar:
+			// TODO intern exemplars and histograms for the new formats
+			pendingData[nPending].Exemplars = append(pendingData[nPending].Exemplars, prompb.Exemplar{
+				Labels:    labelsToLabelsProto(d.exemplarLabels, nil),
+				Value:     d.value,
+				Timestamp: d.timestamp,
+			})
+			nPendingExemplars++
 		case tHistogram:
 			pendingData[nPending].Histograms = append(pendingData[nPending].Histograms, HistogramToHistogramProto(d.timestamp, d.histogram))
 			nPendingHistograms++
@@ -1801,6 +1818,55 @@ func populateMinimizedTimeSeriesFixed32(symbolTable *rwSymbolTable, batch []time
 	return nPendingSamples, nPendingExemplars, nPendingHistograms
 }
 
+func populateMinimizedTimeSeriesBytes(symbolTable *rwSymbolTable, batch []timeSeries, pendingData []prompb.MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes, sendExemplars, sendNativeHistograms bool) (int, int, int) {
+	var nPendingSamples, nPendingExemplars, nPendingHistograms int
+	for nPending, d := range batch {
+		pendingData[nPending].Samples = pendingData[nPending].Samples[:0]
+		if sendExemplars {
+			pendingData[nPending].Exemplars = pendingData[nPending].Exemplars[:0]
+		}
+		if sendNativeHistograms {
+			pendingData[nPending].Histograms = pendingData[nPending].Histograms[:0]
+		}
+
+		// Number of pending samples is limited by the fact that sendSamples (via sendSamplesWithBackoff)
+		// retries endlessly, so once we reach max samples, if we can never send to the endpoint we'll
+		// stop reading from the queue. This makes it safe to reference pendingSamples by index.
+		// pendingData[nPending].Labels = labelsToLabelsProto(d.seriesLabels, pendingData[nPending].Labels)
+
+		pendingData[nPending].LabelSymbols = labelsToByteSlice(d.seriesLabels, symbolTable, pendingData[nPending].LabelSymbols)
+		switch d.sType {
+		case tSample:
+			pendingData[nPending].Samples = append(pendingData[nPending].Samples, prompb.Sample{
+				Value:     d.value,
+				Timestamp: d.timestamp,
+			})
+			nPendingSamples++
+			// TODO: handle all types
+		//case tExemplar:
+		//	l := make([]prompb.LabelRef, 0, d.exemplarLabels.Len())
+		//	d.exemplarLabels.Range(func(el labels.Label) {
+		//		nRef := pool.intern(el.Name)
+		//		vRef := pool.intern(el.Value)
+		//		l = append(l, prompb.LabelRef{NameRef: nRef, ValueRef: vRef})
+		//	})
+		//	pendingData[nPending].Exemplars = append(pendingData[nPending].Exemplars, prompb.ExemplarRef{
+		//		Labels:    l,
+		//		Value:     d.value,
+		//		Timestamp: d.timestamp,
+		//	})
+		//	nPendingExemplars++
+		case tHistogram:
+			pendingData[nPending].Histograms = append(pendingData[nPending].Histograms, HistogramToHistogramProto(d.timestamp, d.histogram))
+			nPendingHistograms++
+		case tFloatHistogram:
+			pendingData[nPending].Histograms = append(pendingData[nPending].Histograms, FloatHistogramToHistogramProto(d.timestamp, d.floatHistogram))
+			nPendingHistograms++
+		}
+	}
+	return nPendingSamples, nPendingExemplars, nPendingHistograms
+}
+
 func populateMinimizedTimeSeriesPacking(symbolTable *rwSymbolTable, batch []timeSeries, pendingData []prompb.MinimizedTimeSeriesPacking, sendExemplars, sendNativeHistograms bool) (int, int, int) {
 	var nPendingSamples, nPendingExemplars, nPendingHistograms int
 	for nPending, d := range batch {
@@ -2163,6 +2229,52 @@ func buildMinimizedWriteRequestFixed32(samples []prompb.MinimizedTimeSeriesFixed
 	return compressed, highest, nil
 }
 
+func buildMinimizedWriteRequestBytes(samples []prompb.MinimizedTimeSeriesBytes, labels string, pBuf *proto.Buffer, buf *[]byte) ([]byte, int64, error) {
+	var highest int64
+	for _, ts := range samples {
+		// At the moment we only ever append a TimeSeries with a single sample or exemplar in it.
+		if len(ts.Samples) > 0 && ts.Samples[0].Timestamp > highest {
+			highest = ts.Samples[0].Timestamp
+		}
+		if len(ts.Exemplars) > 0 && ts.Exemplars[0].Timestamp > highest {
+			highest = ts.Exemplars[0].Timestamp
+		}
+		if len(ts.Histograms) > 0 && ts.Histograms[0].Timestamp > highest {
+			highest = ts.Histograms[0].Timestamp
+		}
+	}
+
+	req := &prompb.MinimizedWriteRequestBytes{
+		Symbols:    labels,
+		Timeseries: samples,
+	}
+
+	if pBuf == nil {
+		pBuf = proto.NewBuffer(nil) // For convenience in tests. Not efficient.
+	} else {
+		pBuf.Reset()
+	}
+	err := pBuf.Marshal(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	// snappy uses len() to see if it needs to allocate a new slice. Make the
+	// buffer as long as possible.
+	if buf != nil {
+		*buf = (*buf)[0:cap(*buf)]
+	} else {
+		buf = &[]byte{}
+	}
+
+	compressed := snappy.Encode(*buf, pBuf.Bytes())
+	if n := snappy.MaxEncodedLen(len(pBuf.Bytes())); buf != nil && n > len(*buf) {
+		// grow the buffer for the next time
+		*buf = make([]byte, n)
+	}
+	return compressed, highest, nil
+}
+
 func buildMinimizedWriteRequestPacking(samples []prompb.MinimizedTimeSeriesPacking, labels string, pBuf *proto.Buffer, buf *[]byte) ([]byte, int64, error) {
 	var highest int64
 	for _, ts := range samples {
diff --git a/storage/remote/queue_manager_test.go b/storage/remote/queue_manager_test.go
index 3bdce191b..b7c1b7748 100644
--- a/storage/remote/queue_manager_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/queue_manager_test.go
@@ -69,23 +69,23 @@ func TestSampleDelivery(t *testing.T) {
 		floatHistograms bool
 		rwFormat        RemoteWriteFormat
 	}{
-		//{samples: true, exemplars: false, histograms: false, floatHistograms: false, name: "samples only"},
-		//{samples: true, exemplars: true, histograms: true, floatHistograms: true, name: "samples, exemplars, and histograms"},
-		//{samples: false, exemplars: true, histograms: false, floatHistograms: false, name: "exemplars only"},
-		//{samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: true, floatHistograms: false, name: "histograms only"},
-		//{samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: false, floatHistograms: true, name: "float histograms only"},
+		{samples: true, exemplars: false, histograms: false, floatHistograms: false, name: "samples only"},
+		{samples: true, exemplars: true, histograms: true, floatHistograms: true, name: "samples, exemplars, and histograms"},
+		{samples: false, exemplars: true, histograms: false, floatHistograms: false, name: "exemplars only"},
+		{samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: true, floatHistograms: false, name: "histograms only"},
+		{samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: false, floatHistograms: true, name: "float histograms only"},
 
 		{rwFormat: Min32Optimized, samples: true, exemplars: false, histograms: false, name: "interned samples only"},
-		//{rwFormat: Min32Optimized, samples: true, exemplars: true, histograms: true, floatHistograms: true, name: "interned samples, exemplars, and histograms"},
-		//{rwFormat: Min32Optimized, samples: false, exemplars: true, histograms: false, name: "interned exemplars only"},
-		//{rwFormat: Min32Optimized, samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: true, name: "interned histograms only"},
-		//{rwFormat: Min32Optimized, samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: false, floatHistograms: true, name: "interned float histograms only"},
+		{rwFormat: Min32Optimized, samples: true, exemplars: true, histograms: true, floatHistograms: true, name: "interned samples, exemplars, and histograms"},
+		{rwFormat: Min32Optimized, samples: false, exemplars: true, histograms: false, name: "interned exemplars only"},
+		{rwFormat: Min32Optimized, samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: true, name: "interned histograms only"},
+		{rwFormat: Min32Optimized, samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: false, floatHistograms: true, name: "interned float histograms only"},
 
-		//{rwFormat: Min64Fixed, samples: true, exemplars: false, histograms: false, name: "interned samples only"},
-		//{rwFormat: Min64Fixed, samples: true, exemplars: true, histograms: true, floatHistograms: true, name: "interned samples, exemplars, and histograms"},
-		//{rwFormat: Min64Fixed, samples: false, exemplars: true, histograms: false, name: "interned exemplars only"},
-		//{rwFormat: Min64Fixed, samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: true, name: "interned histograms only"},
-		//{rwFormat: Min64Fixed, samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: false, floatHistograms: true, name: "interned float histograms only"},
+		{rwFormat: Min64Fixed, samples: true, exemplars: false, histograms: false, name: "interned samples only"},
+		{rwFormat: Min64Fixed, samples: true, exemplars: true, histograms: true, floatHistograms: true, name: "interned samples, exemplars, and histograms"},
+		{rwFormat: Min64Fixed, samples: false, exemplars: true, histograms: false, name: "interned exemplars only"},
+		{rwFormat: Min64Fixed, samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: true, name: "interned histograms only"},
+		{rwFormat: Min64Fixed, samples: false, exemplars: false, histograms: false, floatHistograms: true, name: "interned float histograms only"},
 	}
 
 	// Let's create an even number of send batches so we don't run into the
@@ -116,26 +116,26 @@ func TestSampleDelivery(t *testing.T) {
 			defer s.Close()
 
 			var (
-				series  []record.RefSeries
-				samples []record.RefSample
-				//exemplars       []record.RefExemplar
-				//histograms      []record.RefHistogramSample
-				//floatHistograms []record.RefFloatHistogramSample
+				series          []record.RefSeries
+				samples         []record.RefSample
+				exemplars       []record.RefExemplar
+				histograms      []record.RefHistogramSample
+				floatHistograms []record.RefFloatHistogramSample
 			)
 
 			// Generates same series in both cases.
 			if tc.samples {
 				samples, series = createTimeseries(n, n)
 			}
-			//if tc.exemplars {
-			//	exemplars, series = createExemplars(n, n)
-			//}
-			//if tc.histograms {
-			//	histograms, _, series = createHistograms(n, n, false)
-			//}
-			//if tc.floatHistograms {
-			//	_, floatHistograms, series = createHistograms(n, n, true)
-			//}
+			if tc.exemplars {
+				exemplars, series = createExemplars(n, n)
+			}
+			if tc.histograms {
+				histograms, _, series = createHistograms(n, n, false)
+			}
+			if tc.floatHistograms {
+				_, floatHistograms, series = createHistograms(n, n, true)
+			}
 
 			// Apply new config.
 			queueConfig.Capacity = len(samples)
@@ -152,24 +152,24 @@ func TestSampleDelivery(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Send first half of data.
 			c.expectSamples(samples[:len(samples)/2], series)
-			//c.expectExemplars(exemplars[:len(exemplars)/2], series)
-			//c.expectHistograms(histograms[:len(histograms)/2], series)
-			//c.expectFloatHistograms(floatHistograms[:len(floatHistograms)/2], series)
+			c.expectExemplars(exemplars[:len(exemplars)/2], series)
+			c.expectHistograms(histograms[:len(histograms)/2], series)
+			c.expectFloatHistograms(floatHistograms[:len(floatHistograms)/2], series)
 			qm.Append(samples[:len(samples)/2])
-			//qm.AppendExemplars(exemplars[:len(exemplars)/2])
-			//qm.AppendHistograms(histograms[:len(histograms)/2])
-			//qm.AppendFloatHistograms(floatHistograms[:len(floatHistograms)/2])
+			qm.AppendExemplars(exemplars[:len(exemplars)/2])
+			qm.AppendHistograms(histograms[:len(histograms)/2])
+			qm.AppendFloatHistograms(floatHistograms[:len(floatHistograms)/2])
 			c.waitForExpectedData(t)
 
 			// Send second half of data.
 			c.expectSamples(samples[len(samples)/2:], series)
-			//c.expectExemplars(exemplars[len(exemplars)/2:], series)
-			//c.expectHistograms(histograms[len(histograms)/2:], series)
-			//c.expectFloatHistograms(floatHistograms[len(floatHistograms)/2:], series)
+			c.expectExemplars(exemplars[len(exemplars)/2:], series)
+			c.expectHistograms(histograms[len(histograms)/2:], series)
+			c.expectFloatHistograms(floatHistograms[len(floatHistograms)/2:], series)
 			qm.Append(samples[len(samples)/2:])
-			//qm.AppendExemplars(exemplars[len(exemplars)/2:])
-			//qm.AppendHistograms(histograms[len(histograms)/2:])
-			//qm.AppendFloatHistograms(floatHistograms[len(floatHistograms)/2:])
+			qm.AppendExemplars(exemplars[len(exemplars)/2:])
+			qm.AppendHistograms(histograms[len(histograms)/2:])
+			qm.AppendFloatHistograms(floatHistograms[len(floatHistograms)/2:])
 			c.waitForExpectedData(t)
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/storage/remote/write_handler.go b/storage/remote/write_handler.go
index 0f74f7b48..e230f3ba3 100644
--- a/storage/remote/write_handler.go
+++ b/storage/remote/write_handler.go
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ func (h *writeHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var reqMin *prompb.MinimizedWriteRequest
 	var reqMin64Fixed *prompb.MinimizedWriteRequestFixed64
 	var reqMin32Fixed *prompb.MinimizedWriteRequestFixed32
+	var reqMinBytes *prompb.MinimizedWriteRequestBytes
 
 	// TODO: this should eventually be done via content negotiation/looking at the header
 	switch h.rwFormat {
@@ -87,6 +88,8 @@ func (h *writeHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		reqMin64Fixed, err = DecodeMinimizedWriteRequestFixed64(r.Body)
 	case Min32Fixed:
 		reqMin32Fixed, err = DecodeMinimizedWriteRequestFixed32(r.Body)
+	case MinBytes:
+		reqMinBytes, err = DecodeMinimizedWriteRequestBytes(r.Body)
 	}
 
 	if err != nil {
@@ -105,6 +108,8 @@ func (h *writeHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		err = h.writeMin64(r.Context(), reqMin64Fixed)
 	case Min32Fixed:
 		err = h.writeMin32(r.Context(), reqMin32Fixed)
+	case MinBytes:
+		err = h.writeMinBytes(r.Context(), reqMinBytes)
 	}
 
 	switch {
@@ -415,3 +420,42 @@ func (h *writeHandler) writeMin32(ctx context.Context, req *prompb.MinimizedWrit
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (h *writeHandler) writeMinBytes(ctx context.Context, req *prompb.MinimizedWriteRequestBytes) (err error) {
+	outOfOrderExemplarErrs := 0
+
+	app := h.appendable.Appender(ctx)
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = app.Rollback()
+			return
+		}
+		err = app.Commit()
+	}()
+
+	for _, ts := range req.Timeseries {
+		ls := ByteSliceToLabels(req.Symbols, ts.LabelSymbols)
+
+		err := h.appendSamples(app, ts.Samples, ls)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		for _, ep := range ts.Exemplars {
+			e := exemplarProtoToExemplar(ep)
+			//e := exemplarRefProtoToExemplar(req.StringSymbolTable, ep)
+			h.appendExemplar(app, e, ls, &outOfOrderExemplarErrs)
+		}
+
+		err = h.appendHistograms(app, ts.Histograms, ls)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if outOfOrderExemplarErrs > 0 {
+		_ = level.Warn(h.logger).Log("msg", "Error on ingesting out-of-order exemplars", "num_dropped", outOfOrderExemplarErrs)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}