Merge pull request #442 from prometheus/beorn7/fix-crash-recovery

Fix ALL the crash-recovery related problems.

main.go

@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ var (
 
 	storageRetentionPeriod = flag.Duration("storage.local.retention", 15*24*time.Hour, "How long to retain samples in the local storage.")
 
-	checkpointInterval = flag.Duration("storage.local.checkpoint-interval", 5*time.Minute, "The period at which the in-memory index of time series is checkpointed.")
+	checkpointInterval         = flag.Duration("storage.local.checkpoint-interval", 5*time.Minute, "The period at which the in-memory index of time series is checkpointed.")
+	checkpointDirtySeriesLimit = flag.Int("storage.local.checkpoint-dirty-series-limit", 5000, "If approx. that many time series are in a state that would require a recovery operation after a crash, a checkpoint is triggered, even if the checkpoint interval hasn't passed yet. A recovery operation requires a disk seek. The default limit intends to keep the recovery time below 1min even on spinning disks. With SSD, recovery is much faster, so you might want to increase this value in that case to avoid overly frequent checkpoints.")
 
 	storageDirty = flag.Bool("storage.local.dirty", false, "If set, the local storage layer will perform crash recovery even if the last shutdown appears to be clean.")
 
@@ -118,7 +119,8 @@ func NewPrometheus() *prometheus {
 		PersistenceStoragePath:     *metricsStoragePath,
 		PersistenceRetentionPeriod: *storageRetentionPeriod,
 		CheckpointInterval:         *checkpointInterval,
-		Dirty:                      *storageDirty,
+		CheckpointDirtySeriesLimit: *checkpointDirtySeriesLimit,
+		Dirty: *storageDirty,
 	}
 	memStorage, err := local.NewMemorySeriesStorage(o)
 	if err != nil {

storage/local/interface.go

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 package local
 
 import (
+	"time"
 	clientmodel "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/model"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/metric"
 )

storage/local/persistence.go

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ type indexingOp struct {
 // A Persistence is used by a Storage implementation to store samples
 // persistently across restarts. The methods are only goroutine-safe if
 // explicitly marked as such below. The chunk-related methods PersistChunk,
-// DropChunks, LoadChunks, and LoadChunkDescs can be called concurrently with
+// dropChunks, loadChunks, and loadChunkDescs can be called concurrently with
 // each other if each call refers to a different fingerprint.
 type persistence struct {
 	basePath string
@@ -350,26 +350,31 @@ func (p *persistence) recoverFromCrash(fingerprintToSeries map[clientmodel.Finge
 	return nil
 }
 
-// sanitizeSeries sanitizes a series based on its series file as defined by the provided directory and FileInfo.
-// The method returns the fingerprint as derived from the directory and file name, and whether the provided
-// file has been sanitized. A file that failed to be sanitized is deleted, if possible.
+// sanitizeSeries sanitizes a series based on its series file as defined by the
+// provided directory and FileInfo.  The method returns the fingerprint as
+// derived from the directory and file name, and whether the provided file has
+// been sanitized. A file that failed to be sanitized is deleted, if possible.
 //
 // The following steps are performed:
 //
-// - A file whose name doesn't comply with the naming scheme of a series file is simply deleted.
+// - A file whose name doesn't comply with the naming scheme of a series file is
+//   simply deleted.
 //
-// - If the size of the series file isn't a multiple of the chunk size, extraneous bytes are truncated.
-//   If the truncation fails, the file is deleted instead.
+// - If the size of the series file isn't a multiple of the chunk size,
+//   extraneous bytes are truncated.  If the truncation fails, the file is
+//   deleted instead.
 //
 // - A file that is empty (after truncation) is deleted.
 //
-// - A series that is not archived (i.e. it is in the fingerprintToSeries map) is checked for consistency of
-//   its various parameters (like head-chunk persistence state, offset of chunkDescs etc.). In particular,
-//   overlap between an in-memory head chunk with the most recent persisted chunk is checked. Inconsistencies
-//   are rectified.
+// - A series that is not archived (i.e. it is in the fingerprintToSeries map)
+//   is checked for consistency of its various parameters (like head-chunk
+//   persistence state, offset of chunkDescs etc.). In particular, overlap
+//   between an in-memory head chunk with the most recent persisted chunk is
+//   checked. Inconsistencies are rectified.
 //
-// - A series this in archived (i.e. it is not in the fingerprintToSeries map) is checked for its presence
-//   in the index of archived series. If it cannot be found there, it is deleted.
+// - A series this in archived (i.e. it is not in the fingerprintToSeries map)
+//   is checked for its presence in the index of archived series. If it cannot
+//   be found there, it is deleted.
 func (p *persistence) sanitizeSeries(dirname string, fi os.FileInfo, fingerprintToSeries map[clientmodel.Fingerprint]*memorySeries) (clientmodel.Fingerprint, bool) {
 	filename := path.Join(dirname, fi.Name())
 	purge := func() {

storage/local/series.go

@@ -397,7 +397,8 @@ func (s *memorySeries) newIterator(lockFunc, unlockFunc func()) SeriesIterator {
 }
 
 // head returns a pointer to the head chunk descriptor. The caller must have
-// locked the fingerprint of the memorySeries.
+// locked the fingerprint of the memorySeries. This method will panic if this
+// series has no chunk descriptors.
 func (s *memorySeries) head() *chunkDesc {
 	return s.chunkDescs[len(s.chunkDescs)-1]
 }
@@ -411,12 +412,6 @@ func (s *memorySeries) firstTime() clientmodel.Timestamp {
 	return s.savedFirstTime
 }
 
-// lastTime returns the timestamp of the last sample in the series. The caller
-// must have locked the fingerprint of the memorySeries.
-func (s *memorySeries) lastTime() clientmodel.Timestamp {
-	return s.head().lastTime()
-}
-
 // memorySeriesIterator implements SeriesIterator.
 type memorySeriesIterator struct {
 	lock, unlock func()

storage/local/storage.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package local
 
 import (
 	"container/list"
+	"math"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
@@ -63,15 +64,18 @@ type memorySeriesStorage struct {
 	fpLocker   *fingerprintLocker
 	fpToSeries *seriesMap
 
-	loopStopping, loopStopped chan struct{}
-	maxMemoryChunks           int
-	purgeAfter                time.Duration
-	checkpointInterval        time.Duration
+	loopStopping, loopStopped  chan struct{}
+	maxMemoryChunks            int
+	purgeAfter                 time.Duration
+	checkpointInterval         time.Duration
+	checkpointDirtySeriesLimit int
 
 	persistQueue   chan persistRequest
 	persistStopped chan struct{}
 	persistence    *persistence
 
+	countPersistedHeadChunks chan struct{}
+
 	evictList                   *list.List
 	evictRequests               chan evictRequest
 	evictStopping, evictStopped chan struct{}
@@ -94,6 +98,7 @@ type MemorySeriesStorageOptions struct {
 	PersistenceStoragePath     string        // Location of persistence files.
 	PersistenceRetentionPeriod time.Duration // Chunks at least that old are purged.
 	CheckpointInterval         time.Duration // How often to checkpoint the series map and head chunks.
+	CheckpointDirtySeriesLimit int           // How many dirty series will trigger an early checkpoint.
 	Dirty                      bool          // Force the storage to consider itself dirty on startup.
 }
 
@@ -122,16 +127,19 @@ func NewMemorySeriesStorage(o *MemorySeriesStorageOptions) (Storage, error) {
 		fpLocker:   newFingerprintLocker(256),
 		fpToSeries: fpToSeries,
 
-		loopStopping:       make(chan struct{}),
-		loopStopped:        make(chan struct{}),
-		maxMemoryChunks:    o.MemoryChunks,
-		purgeAfter:         o.PersistenceRetentionPeriod,
-		checkpointInterval: o.CheckpointInterval,
+		loopStopping:               make(chan struct{}),
+		loopStopped:                make(chan struct{}),
+		maxMemoryChunks:            o.MemoryChunks,
+		purgeAfter:                 o.PersistenceRetentionPeriod,
+		checkpointInterval:         o.CheckpointInterval,
+		checkpointDirtySeriesLimit: o.CheckpointDirtySeriesLimit,
 
 		persistQueue:   make(chan persistRequest, persistQueueCap),
 		persistStopped: make(chan struct{}),
 		persistence:    p,
 
+		countPersistedHeadChunks: make(chan struct{}, 1024),
+
 		evictList:     list.New(),
 		evictRequests: make(chan evictRequest, evictRequestsCap),
 		evictStopping: make(chan struct{}),
@@ -362,11 +370,20 @@ func (s *memorySeriesStorage) appendSample(sample *clientmodel.Sample) {
 		Timestamp: sample.Timestamp,
 	})
 	s.fpLocker.Unlock(fp)
+	if len(chunkDescsToPersist) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
 	// Queue only outside of the locked area, processing the persistQueue
 	// requires the same lock!
 	for _, cd := range chunkDescsToPersist {
 		s.persistQueue <- persistRequest{fp, cd}
 	}
+	// Count that a head chunk was persisted, but only best effort, i.e. we
+	// don't want to block here.
+	select {
+	case s.countPersistedHeadChunks <- struct{}{}: // Counted.
+	default: // Meh...
+	}
 }
 
 func (s *memorySeriesStorage) getOrCreateSeries(fp clientmodel.Fingerprint, m clientmodel.Metric) *memorySeries {
@@ -641,10 +658,19 @@ func (s *memorySeriesStorage) cycleThroughArchivedFingerprints() chan clientmode
 }
 
 func (s *memorySeriesStorage) loop() {
-	checkpointTicker := time.NewTicker(s.checkpointInterval)
+	checkpointTimer := time.NewTimer(s.checkpointInterval)
+
+	// We take the number of head chunks persisted since the last checkpoint
+	// as an approximation for the number of series that are "dirty",
+	// i.e. whose head chunk is different from the one in the most recent
+	// checkpoint or for which the fact that the head chunk has been
+	// persisted is not reflected in the most recent checkpoint. This count
+	// could overestimate the number of dirty series, but it's good enough
+	// as a heuristics.
+	headChunksPersistedSinceLastCheckpoint := 0
 
 	defer func() {
-		checkpointTicker.Stop()
+		checkpointTimer.Stop()
 		glog.Info("Maintenance loop stopped.")
 		close(s.loopStopped)
 	}()
@@ -657,15 +683,21 @@ loop:
 		select {
 		case <-s.loopStopping:
 			break loop
-		case <-checkpointTicker.C:
+		case <-checkpointTimer.C:
 			s.persistence.checkpointSeriesMapAndHeads(s.fpToSeries, s.fpLocker)
+			headChunksPersistedSinceLastCheckpoint = 0
+			checkpointTimer.Reset(s.checkpointInterval)
 		case fp := <-memoryFingerprints:
 			s.purgeSeries(fp, clientmodel.TimestampFromTime(time.Now()).Add(-1*s.purgeAfter))
-			s.maintainSeries(fp)
 			s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(memoryMaintenance).Inc()
 		case fp := <-archivedFingerprints:
 			s.purgeSeries(fp, clientmodel.TimestampFromTime(time.Now()).Add(-1*s.purgeAfter))
 			s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(archiveMaintenance).Inc()
+		case <-s.countPersistedHeadChunks:
+			headChunksPersistedSinceLastCheckpoint++
+			if headChunksPersistedSinceLastCheckpoint >= s.checkpointDirtySeriesLimit {
+				checkpointTimer.Reset(0)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	// Wait until both channels are closed.
@@ -676,7 +708,8 @@ loop:
 }
 
 // maintainSeries closes the head chunk if not touched in a while. It archives a
-// series if all chunks are evicted. It evicts chunkDescs if there are too many.
+// series if all chunks are evicted. It evicts chunkDescs if there are too
+// many.
 func (s *memorySeriesStorage) maintainSeries(fp clientmodel.Fingerprint) {
 	var headChunkToPersist *chunkDesc
 	s.fpLocker.Lock(fp)
@@ -686,6 +719,12 @@ func (s *memorySeriesStorage) maintainSeries(fp clientmodel.Fingerprint) {
 		if headChunkToPersist != nil {
 			s.persistQueue <- persistRequest{fp, headChunkToPersist}
 		}
+		// Count that a head chunk was persisted, but only best effort, i.e. we
+		// don't want to block here.
+		select {
+		case s.countPersistedHeadChunks <- struct{}{}: // Counted.
+		default: // Meh...
+		}
 	}()
 
 	series, ok := s.fpToSeries.get(fp)
@@ -704,13 +743,23 @@ func (s *memorySeriesStorage) maintainSeries(fp clientmodel.Fingerprint) {
 	if iOldestNotEvicted == -1 {
 		s.fpToSeries.del(fp)
 		s.numSeries.Dec()
+		// Make sure we have a head chunk descriptor (a freshly
+		// unarchived series has none).
+		if len(series.chunkDescs) == 0 {
+			cds, err := s.loadChunkDescs(fp, math.MaxInt64)
+			if err != nil {
+				glog.Errorf("Could not load chunk descriptors prior to archiving metric %v, metric will not be archived: %v", series.metric, err)
+				return
+			}
+			series.chunkDescs = cds
+		}
 		if err := s.persistence.archiveMetric(
-			fp, series.metric, series.firstTime(), series.lastTime(),
+			fp, series.metric, series.firstTime(), series.head().lastTime(),
 		); err != nil {
 			glog.Errorf("Error archiving metric %v: %v", series.metric, err)
-		} else {
-			s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(archive).Inc()
+			return
 		}
+		s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(archive).Inc()
 		return
 	}
 	// If we are here, the series is not archived, so check for chunkDesc

storage/local/storage_test.go

@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ func TestEvictAndPurgeSeries(t *testing.T) {
 	// Archive metrics.
 	ms.fpToSeries.del(fp)
 	if err := ms.persistence.archiveMetric(
-		fp, series.metric, series.firstTime(), series.lastTime(),
+		fp, series.metric, series.firstTime(), series.head().lastTime(),
 	); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}