perf(nhcb): optimize away most allocations in convertnhcb

In general aim for the happy case when the exposer lists the buckets
in ascending order.

Use Compact(2) to compact the result of nhcb convert.

This is more in line with how client_golang optimizes spans vs
buckets.
aef8aedb4b/prometheus/histogram.go (L1485)

Signed-off-by: György Krajcsovits <gyorgy.krajcsovits@grafana.com>

model/textparse/nhcbparse.go

@@ -283,18 +283,18 @@ func (p *NHCBParser) handleClassicHistogramSeries(lset labels.Labels) bool {
 		le, err := strconv.ParseFloat(lset.Get(labels.BucketLabel), 64)
 		if err == nil && !math.IsNaN(le) {
 			p.processClassicHistogramSeries(lset, "_bucket", func(hist *convertnhcb.TempHistogram) {
-				hist.BucketCounts[le] = p.value
+				_ = hist.SetBucketCount(le, p.value)
 			})
 			return true
 		}
 	case strings.HasSuffix(mName, "_count"):
 		p.processClassicHistogramSeries(lset, "_count", func(hist *convertnhcb.TempHistogram) {
-			hist.Count = p.value
+			_ = hist.SetCount(p.value)
 		})
 		return true
 	case strings.HasSuffix(mName, "_sum"):
 		p.processClassicHistogramSeries(lset, "_sum", func(hist *convertnhcb.TempHistogram) {
-			hist.Sum = p.value
+			_ = hist.SetSum(p.value)
 		})
 		return true
 	}
@@ -306,8 +306,8 @@ func (p *NHCBParser) processClassicHistogramSeries(lset labels.Labels, suffix st
 		p.storeClassicLabels()
 		p.tempCT = p.parser.CreatedTimestamp()
 		p.state = stateCollecting
+		p.tempLsetNHCB = convertnhcb.GetHistogramMetricBase(lset, suffix)
 	}
-	p.tempLsetNHCB = convertnhcb.GetHistogramMetricBase(lset, suffix)
 	p.storeExemplars()
 	updateHist(&p.tempNHCB)
 }
@@ -335,7 +335,6 @@ func (p *NHCBParser) nextExemplarPtr() *exemplar.Exemplar {
 func (p *NHCBParser) swapExemplars() {
 	p.exemplars = p.tempExemplars[:p.tempExemplarCount]
 	p.tempExemplars = p.tempExemplars[:0]
-	p.tempExemplarCount = 0
 }
 
 // processNHCB converts the collated classic histogram series to NHCB and caches the info
@@ -344,33 +343,32 @@ func (p *NHCBParser) processNHCB() bool {
 	if p.state != stateCollecting {
 		return false
 	}
-	ub := make([]float64, 0, len(p.tempNHCB.BucketCounts))
+	h, fh, err := p.tempNHCB.Convert()
-	for b := range p.tempNHCB.BucketCounts {
+	if err == nil {
-		ub = append(ub, b)
+		if h != nil {
-	}
+			if err := h.Validate(); err != nil {
-	upperBounds, hBase := convertnhcb.ProcessUpperBoundsAndCreateBaseHistogram(ub, false)
+				return false
-	fhBase := hBase.ToFloat(nil)
+			}
-	h, fh := convertnhcb.NewHistogram(p.tempNHCB, upperBounds, hBase, fhBase)
+			p.hNHCB = h
-	if h != nil {
+			p.fhNHCB = nil
-		if err := h.Validate(); err != nil {
+		} else if fh != nil {
-			return false
+			if err := fh.Validate(); err != nil {
+				return false
+			}
+			p.hNHCB = nil
+			p.fhNHCB = fh
 		}
-		p.hNHCB = h
+		p.metricStringNHCB = p.tempLsetNHCB.Get(labels.MetricName) + strings.ReplaceAll(p.tempLsetNHCB.DropMetricName().String(), ", ", ",")
-		p.fhNHCB = nil
+		p.bytesNHCB = []byte(p.metricStringNHCB)
-	} else if fh != nil {
+		p.lsetNHCB = p.tempLsetNHCB
-		if err := fh.Validate(); err != nil {
+		p.swapExemplars()
-			return false
+		p.ctNHCB = p.tempCT
-		}
+		p.state = stateEmitting
-		p.hNHCB = nil
+	} else {
-		p.fhNHCB = fh
+		p.state = stateStart
 	}
-	p.metricStringNHCB = p.tempLsetNHCB.Get(labels.MetricName) + strings.ReplaceAll(p.tempLsetNHCB.DropMetricName().String(), ", ", ",")
+	p.tempNHCB.Reset()
-	p.bytesNHCB = []byte(p.metricStringNHCB)
+	p.tempExemplarCount = 0
-	p.lsetNHCB = p.tempLsetNHCB
-	p.swapExemplars()
-	p.ctNHCB = p.tempCT
-	p.tempNHCB = convertnhcb.NewTempHistogram()
-	p.state = stateEmitting
 	p.tempCT = nil
-	return true
+	return err == nil
 }

model/textparse/nhcbparse_test.go

@@ -500,8 +500,8 @@ something_bucket{a="b",le="+Inf"} 9 # {id="something-test"} 2e100 123.000
 				Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
 				Count:           9,
 				Sum:             42123.0,
-				PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Offset: 0, Length: 1}, {Offset: 1, Length: 1}},
+				PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Offset: 0, Length: 3}},
-				PositiveBuckets: []int64{8, -7},
+				PositiveBuckets: []int64{8, -8, 1},
 				CustomValues:    []float64{0.0, 1.0}, // We do not store the +Inf boundary.
 			},
 			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "something", "a", "b"),
@@ -937,3 +937,48 @@ test_histogram1_bucket{le="-0.0003899999999999998"} 4 1234568
 test_histogram1_bucket{le="-0.0002899999999999998"} 16 1234568
 test_histogram1_bucket{le="+Inf"} 175 1234568`
 }
+
+func TestNHCBParserErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `# HELP something Histogram with non cumulative buckets
+# TYPE something histogram
+something_count 18
+something_sum 324789.4
+something_created 1520430001
+something_bucket{le="0.0"} 18
+something_bucket{le="+Inf"} 1
+something_count{a="b"} 9
+something_sum{a="b"} 42123
+something_created{a="b"} 1520430002
+something_bucket{a="b",le="0.0"} 1
+something_bucket{a="b",le="+Inf"} 9
+# EOF`
+	exp := []parsedEntry{
+		{
+			m:    "something",
+			help: "Histogram with non cumulative buckets",
+		},
+		{
+			m:   "something",
+			typ: model.MetricTypeHistogram,
+		},
+		// The parser should skip the series with non-cumulative buckets.
+		{
+			m: `something{a="b"}`,
+			shs: &histogram.Histogram{
+				Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
+				Count:           9,
+				Sum:             42123.0,
+				PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Offset: 0, Length: 2}},
+				PositiveBuckets: []int64{1, 7},
+				CustomValues:    []float64{0.0}, // We do not store the +Inf boundary.
+			},
+			lset: labels.FromStrings("__name__", "something", "a", "b"),
+			ct:   int64p(1520430002000),
+		},
+	}
+
+	p := NewOpenMetricsParser([]byte(input), labels.NewSymbolTable(), WithOMParserCTSeriesSkipped())
+	p = NewNHCBParser(p, labels.NewSymbolTable(), false)
+	got := testParse(t, p)
+	requireEntries(t, exp, got)
+}

promql/promqltest/test.go

@@ -482,18 +482,16 @@ func (cmd *loadCmd) append(a storage.Appender) error {
 
 type tempHistogramWrapper struct {
 	metric        labels.Labels
-	upperBounds   []float64
 	histogramByTs map[int64]convertnhcb.TempHistogram
 }
 
 func newTempHistogramWrapper() tempHistogramWrapper {
 	return tempHistogramWrapper{
-		upperBounds:   []float64{},
 		histogramByTs: map[int64]convertnhcb.TempHistogram{},
 	}
 }
 
-func processClassicHistogramSeries(m labels.Labels, suffix string, histogramMap map[uint64]tempHistogramWrapper, smpls []promql.Sample, updateHistogramWrapper func(*tempHistogramWrapper), updateHistogram func(*convertnhcb.TempHistogram, float64)) {
+func processClassicHistogramSeries(m labels.Labels, suffix string, histogramMap map[uint64]tempHistogramWrapper, smpls []promql.Sample, updateHistogram func(*convertnhcb.TempHistogram, float64)) {
 	m2 := convertnhcb.GetHistogramMetricBase(m, suffix)
 	m2hash := m2.Hash()
 	histogramWrapper, exists := histogramMap[m2hash]
@@ -501,9 +499,6 @@ func processClassicHistogramSeries(m labels.Labels, suffix string, histogramMap
 		histogramWrapper = newTempHistogramWrapper()
 	}
 	histogramWrapper.metric = m2
-	if updateHistogramWrapper != nil {
-		updateHistogramWrapper(&histogramWrapper)
-	}
 	for _, s := range smpls {
 		if s.H != nil {
 			continue
@@ -534,18 +529,16 @@ func (cmd *loadCmd) appendCustomHistogram(a storage.Appender) error {
 			if err != nil || math.IsNaN(le) {
 				continue
 			}
-			processClassicHistogramSeries(m, "_bucket", histogramMap, smpls, func(histogramWrapper *tempHistogramWrapper) {
+			processClassicHistogramSeries(m, "_bucket", histogramMap, smpls, func(histogram *convertnhcb.TempHistogram, f float64) {
-				histogramWrapper.upperBounds = append(histogramWrapper.upperBounds, le)
+				_ = histogram.SetBucketCount(le, f)
-			}, func(histogram *convertnhcb.TempHistogram, f float64) {
-				histogram.BucketCounts[le] = f
 			})
 		case strings.HasSuffix(mName, "_count"):
-			processClassicHistogramSeries(m, "_count", histogramMap, smpls, nil, func(histogram *convertnhcb.TempHistogram, f float64) {
+			processClassicHistogramSeries(m, "_count", histogramMap, smpls, func(histogram *convertnhcb.TempHistogram, f float64) {
-				histogram.Count = f
+				_ = histogram.SetCount(f)
 			})
 		case strings.HasSuffix(mName, "_sum"):
-			processClassicHistogramSeries(m, "_sum", histogramMap, smpls, nil, func(histogram *convertnhcb.TempHistogram, f float64) {
+			processClassicHistogramSeries(m, "_sum", histogramMap, smpls, func(histogram *convertnhcb.TempHistogram, f float64) {
-				histogram.Sum = f
+				_ = histogram.SetSum(f)
 			})
 		}
 	}
@@ -553,11 +546,12 @@ func (cmd *loadCmd) appendCustomHistogram(a storage.Appender) error {
 	// Convert the collated classic histogram data into native histograms
 	// with custom bounds and append them to the storage.
 	for _, histogramWrapper := range histogramMap {
-		upperBounds, hBase := convertnhcb.ProcessUpperBoundsAndCreateBaseHistogram(histogramWrapper.upperBounds, true)
-		fhBase := hBase.ToFloat(nil)
 		samples := make([]promql.Sample, 0, len(histogramWrapper.histogramByTs))
 		for t, histogram := range histogramWrapper.histogramByTs {
-			h, fh := convertnhcb.NewHistogram(histogram, upperBounds, hBase, fhBase)
+			h, fh, err := histogram.Convert()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 			if fh == nil {
 				if err := h.Validate(); err != nil {
 					return err

util/convertnhcb/convertnhcb.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package convertnhcb
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"sort"
@@ -23,129 +24,212 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 )
 
+var (
+	errNegativeBucketCount = errors.New("bucket count must be non-negative")
+	errNegativeCount       = errors.New("count must be non-negative")
+	errCountMismatch       = errors.New("count mismatch")
+	errCountNotCumulative  = errors.New("count is not cumulative")
+)
+
+type tempHistogramBucket struct {
+	le    float64
+	count float64
+}
+
 // TempHistogram is used to collect information about classic histogram
 // samples incrementally before creating a histogram.Histogram or
 // histogram.FloatHistogram based on the values collected.
 type TempHistogram struct {
-	BucketCounts map[float64]float64
+	buckets  []tempHistogramBucket
-	Count        float64
+	count    float64
-	Sum          float64
+	sum      float64
-	HasFloat     bool
+	err      error
+	hasCount bool
 }
 
 // NewTempHistogram creates a new TempHistogram to
 // collect information about classic histogram samples.
 func NewTempHistogram() TempHistogram {
 	return TempHistogram{
-		BucketCounts: map[float64]float64{},
+		buckets: make([]tempHistogramBucket, 0, 10),
 	}
 }
 
-func (h TempHistogram) getIntBucketCounts() (map[float64]int64, error) {
+func (h TempHistogram) Err() error {
-	bucketCounts := map[float64]int64{}
+	return h.err
-	for le, count := range h.BucketCounts {
+}
-		intCount := int64(math.Round(count))
+
-		if float64(intCount) != count {
+func (h *TempHistogram) Reset() {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bucket count %f for le %g is not an integer", count, le)
+	h.buckets = h.buckets[:0]
+	h.count = 0
+	h.sum = 0
+	h.err = nil
+	h.hasCount = false
+}
+
+func (h *TempHistogram) SetBucketCount(boundary, count float64) error {
+	if h.err != nil {
+		return h.err
+	}
+	if count < 0 {
+		h.err = fmt.Errorf("%w: le=%g, count=%g", errNegativeBucketCount, boundary, count)
+		return h.err
+	}
+	// Assume that the elements are added in order.
+	switch {
+	case len(h.buckets) == 0:
+		h.buckets = append(h.buckets, tempHistogramBucket{le: boundary, count: count})
+	case h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].le < boundary:
+		// Happy case is "<".
+		if count < h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].count {
+			h.err = fmt.Errorf("%w: %g < %g", errCountNotCumulative, count, h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].count)
+			return h.err
 		}
-		bucketCounts[le] = intCount
+		h.buckets = append(h.buckets, tempHistogramBucket{le: boundary, count: count})
-	}
+	case h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].le == boundary:
-	return bucketCounts, nil
+		// Ignore this, as it is a duplicate sample.
-}
+	default:
-
+		// Find the correct position to insert.
-// ProcessUpperBoundsAndCreateBaseHistogram prepares an integer native
+		i := sort.Search(len(h.buckets), func(i int) bool {
-// histogram with custom buckets based on the provided upper bounds.
+			return h.buckets[i].le >= boundary
-// Everything is set except the bucket counts.
+		})
-// The sorted upper bounds are also returned.
+		if h.buckets[i].le == boundary {
-func ProcessUpperBoundsAndCreateBaseHistogram(upperBounds0 []float64, needsDedup bool) ([]float64, *histogram.Histogram) {
+			// Ignore this, as it is a duplicate sample.
-	sort.Float64s(upperBounds0)
+			return nil
-	var upperBounds []float64
-	if needsDedup {
-		upperBounds = make([]float64, 0, len(upperBounds0))
-		prevLE := math.Inf(-1)
-		for _, le := range upperBounds0 {
-			if le != prevLE {
-				upperBounds = append(upperBounds, le)
-				prevLE = le
-			}
 		}
-	} else {
+		if i > 0 && count < h.buckets[i-1].count {
-		upperBounds = upperBounds0
+			h.err = fmt.Errorf("%w: %g < %g", errCountNotCumulative, count, h.buckets[i-1].count)
-	}
+			return h.err
-	var customBounds []float64
-	if upperBounds[len(upperBounds)-1] == math.Inf(1) {
-		customBounds = upperBounds[:len(upperBounds)-1]
-	} else {
-		customBounds = upperBounds
-	}
-	return upperBounds, &histogram.Histogram{
-		Count:  0,
-		Sum:    0,
-		Schema: histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
-		PositiveSpans: []histogram.Span{
-			{Offset: 0, Length: uint32(len(upperBounds))},
-		},
-		PositiveBuckets: make([]int64, len(upperBounds)),
-		CustomValues:    customBounds,
-	}
-}
-
-// NewHistogram fills the bucket counts in the provided histogram.Histogram
-// or histogram.FloatHistogram based on the provided temporary histogram and
-// upper bounds.
-func NewHistogram(histogram TempHistogram, upperBounds []float64, hBase *histogram.Histogram, fhBase *histogram.FloatHistogram) (*histogram.Histogram, *histogram.FloatHistogram) {
-	intBucketCounts, err := histogram.getIntBucketCounts()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, newFloatHistogram(histogram, upperBounds, histogram.BucketCounts, fhBase)
-	}
-	return newIntegerHistogram(histogram, upperBounds, intBucketCounts, hBase), nil
-}
-
-func newIntegerHistogram(histogram TempHistogram, upperBounds []float64, bucketCounts map[float64]int64, hBase *histogram.Histogram) *histogram.Histogram {
-	h := hBase.Copy()
-	absBucketCounts := make([]int64, len(h.PositiveBuckets))
-	var prevCount, total int64
-	for i, le := range upperBounds {
-		currCount, exists := bucketCounts[le]
-		if !exists {
-			currCount = 0
 		}
-		count := currCount - prevCount
+		if count > h.buckets[i].count {
-		absBucketCounts[i] = count
+			h.err = fmt.Errorf("%w: %g > %g", errCountNotCumulative, count, h.buckets[i].count)
-		total += count
+			return h.err
-		prevCount = currCount
+		}
+		// Insert at the correct position unless duplicate.
+		h.buckets = append(h.buckets, tempHistogramBucket{})
+		copy(h.buckets[i+1:], h.buckets[i:])
+		h.buckets[i] = tempHistogramBucket{le: boundary, count: count}
 	}
-	h.PositiveBuckets[0] = absBucketCounts[0]
+	return nil
-	for i := 1; i < len(h.PositiveBuckets); i++ {
-		h.PositiveBuckets[i] = absBucketCounts[i] - absBucketCounts[i-1]
-	}
-	h.Sum = histogram.Sum
-	if histogram.Count != 0 {
-		total = int64(histogram.Count)
-	}
-	h.Count = uint64(total)
-	return h.Compact(0)
 }
 
-func newFloatHistogram(histogram TempHistogram, upperBounds []float64, bucketCounts map[float64]float64, fhBase *histogram.FloatHistogram) *histogram.FloatHistogram {
+func (h *TempHistogram) SetCount(count float64) error {
-	fh := fhBase.Copy()
+	if h.err != nil {
-	var prevCount, total float64
+		return h.err
-	for i, le := range upperBounds {
+	}
-		currCount, exists := bucketCounts[le]
+	if count < 0 {
-		if !exists {
+		h.err = fmt.Errorf("%w: count=%g", errNegativeCount, count)
-			currCount = 0
+		return h.err
+	}
+	h.count = count
+	h.hasCount = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *TempHistogram) SetSum(sum float64) error {
+	if h.err != nil {
+		return h.err
+	}
+	h.sum = sum
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h TempHistogram) Convert() (*histogram.Histogram, *histogram.FloatHistogram, error) {
+	if h.err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, h.err
+	}
+
+	if len(h.buckets) == 0 || h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].le != math.Inf(1) {
+		// No +Inf bucket.
+		if !h.hasCount && len(h.buckets) > 0 {
+			// No count either, so set count to the last known bucket's count.
+			h.count = h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].count
 		}
-		count := currCount - prevCount
+		// Let the last bucket be +Inf with the overall count.
-		fh.PositiveBuckets[i] = count
+		h.buckets = append(h.buckets, tempHistogramBucket{le: math.Inf(1), count: h.count})
-		total += count
-		prevCount = currCount
 	}
-	fh.Sum = histogram.Sum
+
-	if histogram.Count != 0 {
+	if !h.hasCount {
-		total = histogram.Count
+		h.count = h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].count
+		h.hasCount = true
 	}
-	fh.Count = total
+
-	return fh.Compact(0)
+	for _, b := range h.buckets {
+		intCount := int64(math.Round(b.count))
+		if b.count != float64(intCount) {
+			return h.convertToFloatHistogram()
+		}
+	}
+
+	intCount := uint64(math.Round(h.count))
+	if h.count != float64(intCount) {
+		return h.convertToFloatHistogram()
+	}
+	return h.convertToIntegerHistogram(intCount)
+}
+
+func (h TempHistogram) convertToIntegerHistogram(count uint64) (*histogram.Histogram, *histogram.FloatHistogram, error) {
+	rh := &histogram.Histogram{
+		Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
+		Count:           count,
+		Sum:             h.sum,
+		PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Length: uint32(len(h.buckets))}},
+		PositiveBuckets: make([]int64, len(h.buckets)),
+	}
+
+	if len(h.buckets) > 1 {
+		rh.CustomValues = make([]float64, len(h.buckets)-1) // Not storing the last +Inf bucket.
+	}
+
+	prevCount := int64(0)
+	prevDelta := int64(0)
+	for i, b := range h.buckets {
+		// delta is the actual bucket count as the input is cumulative.
+		delta := int64(b.count) - prevCount
+		rh.PositiveBuckets[i] = delta - prevDelta
+		prevCount = int64(b.count)
+		prevDelta = delta
+		if b.le != math.Inf(1) {
+			rh.CustomValues[i] = b.le
+		}
+	}
+
+	if count != uint64(h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].count) {
+		h.err = fmt.Errorf("%w: count=%d != le=%g count=%g", errCountMismatch, count, h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].le, h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].count)
+		return nil, nil, h.err
+	}
+
+	return rh.Compact(2), nil, nil
+}
+
+func (h TempHistogram) convertToFloatHistogram() (*histogram.Histogram, *histogram.FloatHistogram, error) {
+	rh := &histogram.FloatHistogram{
+		Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
+		Count:           h.count,
+		Sum:             h.sum,
+		PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Length: uint32(len(h.buckets))}},
+		PositiveBuckets: make([]float64, len(h.buckets)),
+	}
+
+	if len(h.buckets) > 1 {
+		rh.CustomValues = make([]float64, len(h.buckets)-1) // Not storing the last +Inf bucket.
+	}
+
+	prevCount := 0.0
+	for i, b := range h.buckets {
+		rh.PositiveBuckets[i] = b.count - prevCount
+		prevCount = b.count
+		if b.le != math.Inf(1) {
+			rh.CustomValues[i] = b.le
+		}
+	}
+
+	if h.count != h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].count {
+		h.err = fmt.Errorf("%w: count=%g != le=%g count=%g", errCountMismatch, h.count, h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].le, h.buckets[len(h.buckets)-1].count)
+		return nil, nil, h.err
+	}
+
+	return nil, rh.Compact(0), nil
 }
 
 func GetHistogramMetricBase(m labels.Labels, suffix string) labels.Labels {

util/convertnhcb/convertnhcb_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Prometheus Authors
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package convertnhcb
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
+)
+
+func TestNHCBConvert(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]struct {
+		setup       func() *TempHistogram
+		expectedErr error
+		expectedH   *histogram.Histogram
+		expectedFH  *histogram.FloatHistogram
+	}{
+		"empty": {
+			setup: func() *TempHistogram {
+				h := NewTempHistogram()
+				return &h
+			},
+			expectedH: &histogram.Histogram{
+				Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
+				PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{},
+				PositiveBuckets: []int64{},
+			},
+		},
+		"sum only": {
+			setup: func() *TempHistogram {
+				h := NewTempHistogram()
+				h.SetSum(1000.25)
+				return &h
+			},
+			expectedH: &histogram.Histogram{
+				Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
+				Sum:             1000.25,
+				PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{},
+				PositiveBuckets: []int64{},
+			},
+		},
+		"single integer bucket": {
+			setup: func() *TempHistogram {
+				h := NewTempHistogram()
+				h.SetSum(1000.25)
+				h.SetBucketCount(0.5, 1000)
+				return &h
+			},
+			expectedH: &histogram.Histogram{
+				Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
+				Count:           1000,
+				Sum:             1000.25,
+				PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Length: 1}},
+				PositiveBuckets: []int64{1000},
+				CustomValues:    []float64{0.5},
+			},
+		},
+		"single float bucket": {
+			setup: func() *TempHistogram {
+				h := NewTempHistogram()
+				h.SetSum(1000.25)
+				h.SetBucketCount(0.5, 1337.42)
+				return &h
+			},
+			expectedFH: &histogram.FloatHistogram{
+				Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
+				Count:           1337.42,
+				Sum:             1000.25,
+				PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Length: 1}},
+				PositiveBuckets: []float64{1337.42},
+				CustomValues:    []float64{0.5},
+			},
+		},
+		"happy case integer bucket": {
+			setup: func() *TempHistogram {
+				h := NewTempHistogram()
+				h.SetCount(1000)
+				h.SetSum(1000.25)
+				h.SetBucketCount(0.5, 50)
+				h.SetBucketCount(1.0, 950)
+				h.SetBucketCount(math.Inf(1), 1000)
+				return &h
+			},
+			expectedH: &histogram.Histogram{
+				Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
+				Count:           1000,
+				Sum:             1000.25,
+				PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Length: 3}},
+				PositiveBuckets: []int64{50, 850, -850},
+				CustomValues:    []float64{0.5, 1.0},
+			},
+		},
+		"happy case float bucket": {
+			setup: func() *TempHistogram {
+				h := NewTempHistogram()
+				h.SetCount(1000)
+				h.SetSum(1000.25)
+				h.SetBucketCount(0.5, 50)
+				h.SetBucketCount(1.0, 950.5)
+				h.SetBucketCount(math.Inf(1), 1000)
+				return &h
+			},
+			expectedFH: &histogram.FloatHistogram{
+				Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
+				Count:           1000,
+				Sum:             1000.25,
+				PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Length: 3}},
+				PositiveBuckets: []float64{50, 900.5, 49.5},
+				CustomValues:    []float64{0.5, 1.0},
+			},
+		},
+		"non cumulative bucket": {
+			setup: func() *TempHistogram {
+				h := NewTempHistogram()
+				h.SetCount(1000)
+				h.SetSum(1000.25)
+				h.SetBucketCount(0.5, 50)
+				h.SetBucketCount(1.0, 950)
+				h.SetBucketCount(math.Inf(1), 900)
+				return &h
+			},
+			expectedErr: errCountNotCumulative,
+		},
+		"negative count": {
+			setup: func() *TempHistogram {
+				h := NewTempHistogram()
+				h.SetCount(-1000)
+				h.SetSum(1000.25)
+				h.SetBucketCount(0.5, 50)
+				h.SetBucketCount(1.0, 950)
+				h.SetBucketCount(math.Inf(1), 900)
+				return &h
+			},
+			expectedErr: errNegativeCount,
+		},
+		"mixed order": {
+			setup: func() *TempHistogram {
+				h := NewTempHistogram()
+				h.SetBucketCount(0.5, 50)
+				h.SetBucketCount(math.Inf(1), 1000)
+				h.SetBucketCount(1.0, 950)
+				h.SetCount(1000)
+				h.SetSum(1000.25)
+				return &h
+			},
+			expectedH: &histogram.Histogram{
+				Schema:          histogram.CustomBucketsSchema,
+				Count:           1000,
+				Sum:             1000.25,
+				PositiveSpans:   []histogram.Span{{Length: 3}},
+				PositiveBuckets: []int64{50, 850, -850},
+				CustomValues:    []float64{0.5, 1.0},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			th := test.setup()
+			h, fh, err := th.Convert()
+			if test.expectedErr != nil {
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, test.expectedErr)
+				return
+			}
+			require.Equal(t, test.expectedH, h)
+			if h != nil {
+				require.NoError(t, h.Validate())
+			}
+			require.Equal(t, test.expectedFH, fh)
+			if fh != nil {
+				require.NoError(t, fh.Validate())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}