prometheus/storage/local/storage.go
Björn Rabenstein a8c79f0a0c Merge pull request #1422 from prometheus/release-0.17
Merge more commits from 0.17.
2016-02-23 23:07:44 +01:00

1370 lines
43 KiB
Go

// Copyright 2014 The Prometheus Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// Package local contains the local time series storage used by Prometheus.
package local
import (
"container/list"
"fmt"
"math"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
"github.com/prometheus/common/log"
"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/metric"
)
const (
evictRequestsCap = 1024
chunkLen = 1024
// See waitForNextFP.
fpMaxSweepTime = 6 * time.Hour
fpMaxWaitDuration = 10 * time.Second
// See waitForNextFP.
maxEvictInterval = time.Minute
// Constants to control the hysteresis of entering and leaving "rushed
// mode". In rushed mode, the dirty series count is ignored for
// checkpointing, series are maintained as frequently as possible, and
// series files are not synced if the adaptive sync strategy is used.
persintenceUrgencyScoreForEnteringRushedMode = 0.8
persintenceUrgencyScoreForLeavingRushedMode = 0.7
// This factor times -storage.local.memory-chunks is the number of
// memory chunks we tolerate before throttling the storage. It is also a
// basis for calculating the persistenceUrgencyScore.
toleranceFactorMemChunks = 1.1
// This factor times -storage.local.max-chunks-to-persist is the minimum
// required number of chunks waiting for persistence before the number
// of chunks in memory may influence the persistenceUrgencyScore. (In
// other words: if there are no chunks to persist, it doesn't help chunk
// eviction if we speed up persistence.)
factorMinChunksToPersist = 0.2
)
var (
numChunksToPersistDesc = prometheus.NewDesc(
prometheus.BuildFQName(namespace, subsystem, "chunks_to_persist"),
"The current number of chunks waiting for persistence.",
nil, nil,
)
maxChunksToPersistDesc = prometheus.NewDesc(
prometheus.BuildFQName(namespace, subsystem, "max_chunks_to_persist"),
"The maximum number of chunks that can be waiting for persistence before sample ingestion will stop.",
nil, nil,
)
)
type evictRequest struct {
cd *chunkDesc
evict bool
}
// SyncStrategy is an enum to select a sync strategy for series files.
type SyncStrategy int
// String implements flag.Value.
func (ss SyncStrategy) String() string {
switch ss {
case Adaptive:
return "adaptive"
case Always:
return "always"
case Never:
return "never"
}
return "<unknown>"
}
// Set implements flag.Value.
func (ss *SyncStrategy) Set(s string) error {
switch s {
case "adaptive":
*ss = Adaptive
case "always":
*ss = Always
case "never":
*ss = Never
default:
return fmt.Errorf("invalid sync strategy: %s", s)
}
return nil
}
// Possible values for SyncStrategy.
const (
_ SyncStrategy = iota
Never
Always
Adaptive
)
// A syncStrategy is a function that returns whether series files should be
// synced or not. It does not need to be goroutine safe.
type syncStrategy func() bool
type memorySeriesStorage struct {
// numChunksToPersist has to be aligned for atomic operations.
numChunksToPersist int64 // The number of chunks waiting for persistence.
maxChunksToPersist int // If numChunksToPersist reaches this threshold, ingestion will be throttled.
rushed bool // Whether the storage is in rushed mode.
rushedMtx sync.Mutex // Protects entering and exiting rushed mode.
throttled chan struct{} // This chan is sent to whenever NeedsThrottling() returns true (for logging).
fpLocker *fingerprintLocker
fpToSeries *seriesMap
options *MemorySeriesStorageOptions
loopStopping, loopStopped chan struct{}
logThrottlingStopped chan struct{}
maxMemoryChunks int
dropAfter time.Duration
checkpointInterval time.Duration
checkpointDirtySeriesLimit int
persistence *persistence
mapper *fpMapper
evictList *list.List
evictRequests chan evictRequest
evictStopping, evictStopped chan struct{}
persistErrors prometheus.Counter
numSeries prometheus.Gauge
seriesOps *prometheus.CounterVec
ingestedSamplesCount prometheus.Counter
outOfOrderSamplesCount prometheus.Counter
invalidPreloadRequestsCount prometheus.Counter
maintainSeriesDuration *prometheus.SummaryVec
persistenceUrgencyScore prometheus.Gauge
rushedMode prometheus.Gauge
}
// MemorySeriesStorageOptions contains options needed by
// NewMemorySeriesStorage. It is not safe to leave any of those at their zero
// values.
type MemorySeriesStorageOptions struct {
MemoryChunks int // How many chunks to keep in memory.
MaxChunksToPersist int // Max number of chunks waiting to be persisted.
PersistenceStoragePath string // Location of persistence files.
PersistenceRetentionPeriod time.Duration // Chunks at least that old are dropped.
CheckpointInterval time.Duration // How often to checkpoint the series map and head chunks.
CheckpointDirtySeriesLimit int // How many dirty series will trigger an early checkpoint.
Dirty bool // Force the storage to consider itself dirty on startup.
PedanticChecks bool // If dirty, perform crash-recovery checks on each series file.
SyncStrategy SyncStrategy // Which sync strategy to apply to series files.
MinShrinkRatio float64 // Minimum ratio a series file has to shrink during truncation.
}
// NewMemorySeriesStorage returns a newly allocated Storage. Storage.Serve still
// has to be called to start the storage.
func NewMemorySeriesStorage(o *MemorySeriesStorageOptions) Storage {
s := &memorySeriesStorage{
fpLocker: newFingerprintLocker(1024),
options: o,
loopStopping: make(chan struct{}),
loopStopped: make(chan struct{}),
logThrottlingStopped: make(chan struct{}),
throttled: make(chan struct{}, 1),
maxMemoryChunks: o.MemoryChunks,
dropAfter: o.PersistenceRetentionPeriod,
checkpointInterval: o.CheckpointInterval,
checkpointDirtySeriesLimit: o.CheckpointDirtySeriesLimit,
maxChunksToPersist: o.MaxChunksToPersist,
evictList: list.New(),
evictRequests: make(chan evictRequest, evictRequestsCap),
evictStopping: make(chan struct{}),
evictStopped: make(chan struct{}),
persistErrors: prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
Namespace: namespace,
Subsystem: subsystem,
Name: "persist_errors_total",
Help: "The total number of errors while persisting chunks.",
}),
numSeries: prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
Namespace: namespace,
Subsystem: subsystem,
Name: "memory_series",
Help: "The current number of series in memory.",
}),
seriesOps: prometheus.NewCounterVec(
prometheus.CounterOpts{
Namespace: namespace,
Subsystem: subsystem,
Name: "series_ops_total",
Help: "The total number of series operations by their type.",
},
[]string{opTypeLabel},
),
ingestedSamplesCount: prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
Namespace: namespace,
Subsystem: subsystem,
Name: "ingested_samples_total",
Help: "The total number of samples ingested.",
}),
outOfOrderSamplesCount: prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
Namespace: namespace,
Subsystem: subsystem,
Name: "out_of_order_samples_total",
Help: "The total number of samples that were discarded because their timestamps were at or before the last received sample for a series.",
}),
invalidPreloadRequestsCount: prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
Namespace: namespace,
Subsystem: subsystem,
Name: "invalid_preload_requests_total",
Help: "The total number of preload requests referring to a non-existent series. This is an indication of outdated label indexes.",
}),
maintainSeriesDuration: prometheus.NewSummaryVec(
prometheus.SummaryOpts{
Namespace: namespace,
Subsystem: subsystem,
Name: "maintain_series_duration_milliseconds",
Help: "The duration (in milliseconds) it took to perform maintenance on a series.",
},
[]string{seriesLocationLabel},
),
persistenceUrgencyScore: prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
Namespace: namespace,
Subsystem: subsystem,
Name: "persistence_urgency_score",
Help: "A score of urgency to persist chunks, 0 is least urgent, 1 most.",
}),
rushedMode: prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
Namespace: namespace,
Subsystem: subsystem,
Name: "rushed_mode",
Help: "1 if the storage is in rushed mode, 0 otherwise. In rushed mode, the system behaves as if the persistence_urgency_score is 1.",
}),
}
return s
}
// Start implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) Start() (err error) {
var syncStrategy syncStrategy
switch s.options.SyncStrategy {
case Never:
syncStrategy = func() bool { return false }
case Always:
syncStrategy = func() bool { return true }
case Adaptive:
syncStrategy = func() bool { return s.calculatePersistenceUrgencyScore() < 1 }
default:
panic("unknown sync strategy")
}
var p *persistence
p, err = newPersistence(
s.options.PersistenceStoragePath,
s.options.Dirty, s.options.PedanticChecks,
syncStrategy,
s.options.MinShrinkRatio,
)
if err != nil {
return err
}
s.persistence = p
// Persistence must start running before loadSeriesMapAndHeads() is called.
go s.persistence.run()
defer func() {
if err != nil {
if e := p.close(); e != nil {
log.Errorln("Error closing persistence:", e)
}
}
}()
log.Info("Loading series map and head chunks...")
s.fpToSeries, s.numChunksToPersist, err = p.loadSeriesMapAndHeads()
if err != nil {
return err
}
log.Infof("%d series loaded.", s.fpToSeries.length())
s.numSeries.Set(float64(s.fpToSeries.length()))
s.mapper, err = newFPMapper(s.fpToSeries, p)
if err != nil {
return err
}
go s.handleEvictList()
go s.logThrottling()
go s.loop()
return nil
}
// Stop implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) Stop() error {
log.Info("Stopping local storage...")
log.Info("Stopping maintenance loop...")
close(s.loopStopping)
<-s.loopStopped
log.Info("Stopping chunk eviction...")
close(s.evictStopping)
<-s.evictStopped
// One final checkpoint of the series map and the head chunks.
if err := s.persistence.checkpointSeriesMapAndHeads(s.fpToSeries, s.fpLocker); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := s.persistence.close(); err != nil {
return err
}
log.Info("Local storage stopped.")
return nil
}
// WaitForIndexing implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) WaitForIndexing() {
s.persistence.waitForIndexing()
}
// NewIterator implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) NewIterator(fp model.Fingerprint) SeriesIterator {
s.fpLocker.Lock(fp)
defer s.fpLocker.Unlock(fp)
series, ok := s.fpToSeries.get(fp)
if !ok {
// Oops, no series for fp found. That happens if, after
// preloading is done, the whole series is identified as old
// enough for purging and hence purged for good. As there is no
// data left to iterate over, return an iterator that will never
// return any values.
return nopSeriesIterator{}
}
return &boundedIterator{
it: series.newIterator(),
start: model.Now().Add(-s.dropAfter),
}
}
// LastSampleForFingerprint implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) LastSamplePairForFingerprint(fp model.Fingerprint) *model.SamplePair {
s.fpLocker.Lock(fp)
defer s.fpLocker.Unlock(fp)
series, ok := s.fpToSeries.get(fp)
if !ok {
return nil
}
return series.head().lastSamplePair()
}
// boundedIterator wraps a SeriesIterator and does not allow fetching
// data from earlier than the configured start time.
type boundedIterator struct {
it SeriesIterator
start model.Time
}
// ValueAtTime implements the SeriesIterator interface.
func (bit *boundedIterator) ValueAtTime(ts model.Time) []model.SamplePair {
if ts < bit.start {
return []model.SamplePair{}
}
return bit.it.ValueAtTime(ts)
}
// BoundaryValues implements the SeriesIterator interface.
func (bit *boundedIterator) BoundaryValues(interval metric.Interval) []model.SamplePair {
if interval.NewestInclusive < bit.start {
return []model.SamplePair{}
}
if interval.OldestInclusive < bit.start {
interval.OldestInclusive = bit.start
}
return bit.it.BoundaryValues(interval)
}
// RangeValues implements the SeriesIterator interface.
func (bit *boundedIterator) RangeValues(interval metric.Interval) []model.SamplePair {
if interval.NewestInclusive < bit.start {
return []model.SamplePair{}
}
if interval.OldestInclusive < bit.start {
interval.OldestInclusive = bit.start
}
return bit.it.RangeValues(interval)
}
// NewPreloader implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) NewPreloader() Preloader {
return &memorySeriesPreloader{
storage: s,
}
}
// fingerprintsForLabelPairs returns the set of fingerprints that have the given labels.
// This does not work with empty label values.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) fingerprintsForLabelPairs(pairs ...model.LabelPair) map[model.Fingerprint]struct{} {
var result map[model.Fingerprint]struct{}
for _, pair := range pairs {
intersection := map[model.Fingerprint]struct{}{}
fps, err := s.persistence.fingerprintsForLabelPair(pair)
if err != nil {
log.Error("Error getting fingerprints for label pair: ", err)
}
if len(fps) == 0 {
return nil
}
for _, fp := range fps {
if _, ok := result[fp]; ok || result == nil {
intersection[fp] = struct{}{}
}
}
if len(intersection) == 0 {
return nil
}
result = intersection
}
return result
}
// MetricsForLabelMatchers implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) MetricsForLabelMatchers(matchers ...*metric.LabelMatcher) map[model.Fingerprint]metric.Metric {
var (
equals []model.LabelPair
filters []*metric.LabelMatcher
)
for _, lm := range matchers {
if lm.Type == metric.Equal && lm.Value != "" {
equals = append(equals, model.LabelPair{
Name: lm.Name,
Value: lm.Value,
})
} else {
filters = append(filters, lm)
}
}
var resFPs map[model.Fingerprint]struct{}
if len(equals) > 0 {
resFPs = s.fingerprintsForLabelPairs(equals...)
} else {
// If we cannot make a preselection based on equality matchers, expanding the other matchers to labels
// and intersecting their fingerprints is still likely to be the best choice.
var remaining metric.LabelMatchers
for _, matcher := range filters {
// Equal matches are all empty values.
if matcher.Match("") {
remaining = append(remaining, matcher)
continue
}
intersection := map[model.Fingerprint]struct{}{}
matches := matcher.Filter(s.LabelValuesForLabelName(matcher.Name))
if len(matches) == 0 {
return nil
}
for _, v := range matches {
fps := s.fingerprintsForLabelPairs(model.LabelPair{
Name: matcher.Name,
Value: v,
})
for fp := range fps {
if _, ok := resFPs[fp]; ok || resFPs == nil {
intersection[fp] = struct{}{}
}
}
}
resFPs = intersection
}
// The intersected matchers no longer need to be compared against the actual metrics.
filters = remaining
}
result := make(map[model.Fingerprint]metric.Metric, len(resFPs))
for fp := range resFPs {
result[fp] = s.MetricForFingerprint(fp)
}
for _, matcher := range filters {
for fp, met := range result {
if !matcher.Match(met.Metric[matcher.Name]) {
delete(result, fp)
}
}
}
return result
}
// LabelValuesForLabelName implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) LabelValuesForLabelName(labelName model.LabelName) model.LabelValues {
lvs, err := s.persistence.labelValuesForLabelName(labelName)
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("Error getting label values for label name %q: %v", labelName, err)
}
return lvs
}
// MetricForFingerprint implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) MetricForFingerprint(fp model.Fingerprint) metric.Metric {
s.fpLocker.Lock(fp)
defer s.fpLocker.Unlock(fp)
series, ok := s.fpToSeries.get(fp)
if ok {
// Wrap the returned metric in a copy-on-write (COW) metric here because
// the caller might mutate it.
return metric.Metric{
Metric: series.metric,
}
}
met, err := s.persistence.archivedMetric(fp)
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("Error retrieving archived metric for fingerprint %v: %v", fp, err)
}
return metric.Metric{
Metric: met,
Copied: false,
}
}
// DropMetric implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) DropMetricsForFingerprints(fps ...model.Fingerprint) {
for _, fp := range fps {
s.fpLocker.Lock(fp)
if series, ok := s.fpToSeries.get(fp); ok {
s.fpToSeries.del(fp)
s.numSeries.Dec()
s.persistence.unindexMetric(fp, series.metric)
} else if err := s.persistence.purgeArchivedMetric(fp); err != nil {
log.Errorf("Error purging metric with fingerprint %v: %v", fp, err)
}
// Attempt to delete series file in any case.
if _, err := s.persistence.deleteSeriesFile(fp); err != nil {
log.Errorf("Error deleting series file for %v: %v", fp, err)
}
s.fpLocker.Unlock(fp)
s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(requestedPurge).Inc()
}
}
var ErrOutOfOrderSample = fmt.Errorf("sample timestamp out of order")
// Append implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) Append(sample *model.Sample) error {
for ln, lv := range sample.Metric {
if len(lv) == 0 {
delete(sample.Metric, ln)
}
}
rawFP := sample.Metric.FastFingerprint()
s.fpLocker.Lock(rawFP)
fp, err := s.mapper.mapFP(rawFP, sample.Metric)
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("Error while mapping fingerprint %v: %v", rawFP, err)
s.persistence.setDirty(true)
}
if fp != rawFP {
// Switch locks.
s.fpLocker.Unlock(rawFP)
s.fpLocker.Lock(fp)
}
series := s.getOrCreateSeries(fp, sample.Metric)
if sample.Timestamp <= series.lastTime {
s.fpLocker.Unlock(fp)
// Don't log and track equal timestamps, as they are a common occurrence
// when using client-side timestamps (e.g. Pushgateway or federation).
// It would be even better to also compare the sample values here, but
// we don't have efficient access to a series's last value.
if sample.Timestamp != series.lastTime {
s.outOfOrderSamplesCount.Inc()
return ErrOutOfOrderSample
}
return nil
}
completedChunksCount := series.add(&model.SamplePair{
Value: sample.Value,
Timestamp: sample.Timestamp,
})
s.fpLocker.Unlock(fp)
s.ingestedSamplesCount.Inc()
s.incNumChunksToPersist(completedChunksCount)
return nil
}
// NeedsThrottling implements Storage.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) NeedsThrottling() bool {
if s.getNumChunksToPersist() > s.maxChunksToPersist ||
float64(atomic.LoadInt64(&numMemChunks)) > float64(s.maxMemoryChunks)*toleranceFactorMemChunks {
select {
case s.throttled <- struct{}{}:
default: // Do nothing, signal already pending.
}
return true
}
return false
}
// logThrottling handles logging of throttled events and has to be started as a
// goroutine. It stops once s.loopStopping is closed.
//
// Logging strategy: Whenever Throttle() is called and returns true, an signal
// is sent to s.throttled. If that happens for the first time, an Error is
// logged that the storage is now throttled. As long as signals continues to be
// sent via s.throttled at least once per minute, nothing else is logged. Once
// no signal has arrived for a minute, an Info is logged that the storage is not
// throttled anymore. This resets things to the initial state, i.e. once a
// signal arrives again, the Error will be logged again.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) logThrottling() {
timer := time.NewTimer(time.Minute)
timer.Stop()
// Signal exit of the goroutine. Currently only needed by test code.
defer close(s.logThrottlingStopped)
for {
select {
case <-s.throttled:
if !timer.Reset(time.Minute) {
log.
With("chunksToPersist", s.getNumChunksToPersist()).
With("maxChunksToPersist", s.maxChunksToPersist).
With("memoryChunks", atomic.LoadInt64(&numMemChunks)).
With("maxToleratedMemChunks", int(float64(s.maxMemoryChunks)*toleranceFactorMemChunks)).
Error("Storage needs throttling. Scrapes and rule evaluations will be skipped.")
}
case <-timer.C:
log.
With("chunksToPersist", s.getNumChunksToPersist()).
With("maxChunksToPersist", s.maxChunksToPersist).
With("memoryChunks", atomic.LoadInt64(&numMemChunks)).
With("maxToleratedMemChunks", int(float64(s.maxMemoryChunks)*toleranceFactorMemChunks)).
Info("Storage does not need throttling anymore.")
case <-s.loopStopping:
return
}
}
}
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) getOrCreateSeries(fp model.Fingerprint, m model.Metric) *memorySeries {
series, ok := s.fpToSeries.get(fp)
if !ok {
var cds []*chunkDesc
var modTime time.Time
unarchived, err := s.persistence.unarchiveMetric(fp)
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("Error unarchiving fingerprint %v (metric %v): %v", fp, m, err)
}
if unarchived {
s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(unarchive).Inc()
// We have to load chunkDescs anyway to do anything with
// the series, so let's do it right now so that we don't
// end up with a series without any chunkDescs for a
// while (which is confusing as it makes the series
// appear as archived or purged).
cds, err = s.loadChunkDescs(fp, 0)
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("Error loading chunk descs for fingerprint %v (metric %v): %v", fp, m, err)
}
modTime = s.persistence.seriesFileModTime(fp)
} else {
// This was a genuinely new series, so index the metric.
s.persistence.indexMetric(fp, m)
s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(create).Inc()
}
series = newMemorySeries(m, cds, modTime)
s.fpToSeries.put(fp, series)
s.numSeries.Inc()
}
return series
}
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) preloadChunksForRange(
fp model.Fingerprint,
from model.Time, through model.Time,
stalenessDelta time.Duration,
) ([]*chunkDesc, error) {
s.fpLocker.Lock(fp)
defer s.fpLocker.Unlock(fp)
series, ok := s.fpToSeries.get(fp)
if !ok {
has, first, last, err := s.persistence.hasArchivedMetric(fp)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if !has {
s.invalidPreloadRequestsCount.Inc()
return nil, nil
}
if from.Add(-stalenessDelta).Before(last) && through.Add(stalenessDelta).After(first) {
metric, err := s.persistence.archivedMetric(fp)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
series = s.getOrCreateSeries(fp, metric)
} else {
return nil, nil
}
}
return series.preloadChunksForRange(from, through, fp, s)
}
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) handleEvictList() {
ticker := time.NewTicker(maxEvictInterval)
count := 0
for {
// To batch up evictions a bit, this tries evictions at least
// once per evict interval, but earlier if the number of evict
// requests with evict==true that have happened since the last
// evict run is more than maxMemoryChunks/1000.
select {
case req := <-s.evictRequests:
if req.evict {
req.cd.evictListElement = s.evictList.PushBack(req.cd)
count++
if count > s.maxMemoryChunks/1000 {
s.maybeEvict()
count = 0
}
} else {
if req.cd.evictListElement != nil {
s.evictList.Remove(req.cd.evictListElement)
req.cd.evictListElement = nil
}
}
case <-ticker.C:
if s.evictList.Len() > 0 {
s.maybeEvict()
}
case <-s.evictStopping:
// Drain evictRequests forever in a goroutine to not let
// requesters hang.
go func() {
for {
<-s.evictRequests
}
}()
ticker.Stop()
log.Info("Chunk eviction stopped.")
close(s.evictStopped)
return
}
}
}
// maybeEvict is a local helper method. Must only be called by handleEvictList.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) maybeEvict() {
numChunksToEvict := int(atomic.LoadInt64(&numMemChunks)) - s.maxMemoryChunks
if numChunksToEvict <= 0 {
return
}
chunkDescsToEvict := make([]*chunkDesc, numChunksToEvict)
for i := range chunkDescsToEvict {
e := s.evictList.Front()
if e == nil {
break
}
cd := e.Value.(*chunkDesc)
cd.evictListElement = nil
chunkDescsToEvict[i] = cd
s.evictList.Remove(e)
}
// Do the actual eviction in a goroutine as we might otherwise deadlock,
// in the following way: A chunk was unpinned completely and therefore
// scheduled for eviction. At the time we actually try to evict it,
// another goroutine is pinning the chunk. The pinning goroutine has
// currently locked the chunk and tries to send the evict request (to
// remove the chunk from the evict list) to the evictRequests
// channel. The send blocks because evictRequests is full. However, the
// goroutine that is supposed to empty the channel is waiting for the
// chunkDesc lock to try to evict the chunk.
go func() {
for _, cd := range chunkDescsToEvict {
if cd == nil {
break
}
cd.maybeEvict()
// We don't care if the eviction succeeds. If the chunk
// was pinned in the meantime, it will be added to the
// evict list once it gets unpinned again.
}
}()
}
// waitForNextFP waits an estimated duration, after which we want to process
// another fingerprint so that we will process all fingerprints in a tenth of
// s.dropAfter assuming that the system is doing nothing else, e.g. if we want
// to drop chunks after 40h, we want to cycle through all fingerprints within
// 4h. The estimation is based on the total number of fingerprints as passed
// in. However, the maximum sweep time is capped at fpMaxSweepTime. Also, the
// method will never wait for longer than fpMaxWaitDuration.
//
// The maxWaitDurationFactor can be used to reduce the waiting time if a faster
// processing is required (for example because unpersisted chunks pile up too
// much).
//
// Normally, the method returns true once the wait duration has passed. However,
// if s.loopStopped is closed, it will return false immediately.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) waitForNextFP(numberOfFPs int, maxWaitDurationFactor float64) bool {
d := fpMaxWaitDuration
if numberOfFPs != 0 {
sweepTime := s.dropAfter / 10
if sweepTime > fpMaxSweepTime {
sweepTime = fpMaxSweepTime
}
calculatedWait := time.Duration(float64(sweepTime) / float64(numberOfFPs) * maxWaitDurationFactor)
if calculatedWait < d {
d = calculatedWait
}
}
if d == 0 {
return true
}
t := time.NewTimer(d)
select {
case <-t.C:
return true
case <-s.loopStopping:
return false
}
}
// cycleThroughMemoryFingerprints returns a channel that emits fingerprints for
// series in memory in a throttled fashion. It continues to cycle through all
// fingerprints in memory until s.loopStopping is closed.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) cycleThroughMemoryFingerprints() chan model.Fingerprint {
memoryFingerprints := make(chan model.Fingerprint)
go func() {
var fpIter <-chan model.Fingerprint
defer func() {
if fpIter != nil {
for range fpIter {
// Consume the iterator.
}
}
close(memoryFingerprints)
}()
for {
// Initial wait, also important if there are no FPs yet.
if !s.waitForNextFP(s.fpToSeries.length(), 1) {
return
}
begin := time.Now()
fpIter = s.fpToSeries.fpIter()
count := 0
for fp := range fpIter {
select {
case memoryFingerprints <- fp:
case <-s.loopStopping:
return
}
// Reduce the wait time according to the urgency score.
s.waitForNextFP(s.fpToSeries.length(), 1-s.calculatePersistenceUrgencyScore())
count++
}
if count > 0 {
log.Infof(
"Completed maintenance sweep through %d in-memory fingerprints in %v.",
count, time.Since(begin),
)
}
}
}()
return memoryFingerprints
}
// cycleThroughArchivedFingerprints returns a channel that emits fingerprints
// for archived series in a throttled fashion. It continues to cycle through all
// archived fingerprints until s.loopStopping is closed.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) cycleThroughArchivedFingerprints() chan model.Fingerprint {
archivedFingerprints := make(chan model.Fingerprint)
go func() {
defer close(archivedFingerprints)
for {
archivedFPs, err := s.persistence.fingerprintsModifiedBefore(
model.Now().Add(-s.dropAfter),
)
if err != nil {
log.Error("Failed to lookup archived fingerprint ranges: ", err)
s.waitForNextFP(0, 1)
continue
}
// Initial wait, also important if there are no FPs yet.
if !s.waitForNextFP(len(archivedFPs), 1) {
return
}
begin := time.Now()
for _, fp := range archivedFPs {
select {
case archivedFingerprints <- fp:
case <-s.loopStopping:
return
}
// Never speed up maintenance of archived FPs.
s.waitForNextFP(len(archivedFPs), 1)
}
if len(archivedFPs) > 0 {
log.Infof(
"Completed maintenance sweep through %d archived fingerprints in %v.",
len(archivedFPs), time.Since(begin),
)
}
}
}()
return archivedFingerprints
}
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) loop() {
checkpointTimer := time.NewTimer(s.checkpointInterval)
dirtySeriesCount := 0
defer func() {
checkpointTimer.Stop()
log.Info("Maintenance loop stopped.")
close(s.loopStopped)
}()
memoryFingerprints := s.cycleThroughMemoryFingerprints()
archivedFingerprints := s.cycleThroughArchivedFingerprints()
loop:
for {
select {
case <-s.loopStopping:
break loop
case <-checkpointTimer.C:
err := s.persistence.checkpointSeriesMapAndHeads(s.fpToSeries, s.fpLocker)
if err != nil {
log.Errorln("Error while checkpointing:", err)
} else {
dirtySeriesCount = 0
}
// If a checkpoint takes longer than checkpointInterval, unluckily timed
// combination with the Reset(0) call below can lead to a case where a
// time is lurking in C leading to repeated checkpointing without break.
select {
case <-checkpointTimer.C: // Get rid of the lurking time.
default:
}
checkpointTimer.Reset(s.checkpointInterval)
case fp := <-memoryFingerprints:
if s.maintainMemorySeries(fp, model.Now().Add(-s.dropAfter)) {
dirtySeriesCount++
// Check if we have enough "dirty" series so that we need an early checkpoint.
// However, if we are already behind persisting chunks, creating a checkpoint
// would be counterproductive, as it would slow down chunk persisting even more,
// while in a situation like that, where we are clearly lacking speed of disk
// maintenance, the best we can do for crash recovery is to persist chunks as
// quickly as possible. So only checkpoint if the urgency score is < 1.
if dirtySeriesCount >= s.checkpointDirtySeriesLimit &&
s.calculatePersistenceUrgencyScore() < 1 {
checkpointTimer.Reset(0)
}
}
case fp := <-archivedFingerprints:
s.maintainArchivedSeries(fp, model.Now().Add(-s.dropAfter))
}
}
// Wait until both channels are closed.
for range memoryFingerprints {
}
for range archivedFingerprints {
}
}
// maintainMemorySeries maintains a series that is in memory (i.e. not
// archived). It returns true if the method has changed from clean to dirty
// (i.e. it is inconsistent with the latest checkpoint now so that in case of a
// crash a recovery operation that requires a disk seek needed to be applied).
//
// The method first closes the head chunk if it was not touched for the duration
// of headChunkTimeout.
//
// Then it determines the chunks that need to be purged and the chunks that need
// to be persisted. Depending on the result, it does the following:
//
// - If all chunks of a series need to be purged, the whole series is deleted
// for good and the method returns false. (Detecting non-existence of a series
// file does not require a disk seek.)
//
// - If any chunks need to be purged (but not all of them), it purges those
// chunks from memory and rewrites the series file on disk, leaving out the
// purged chunks and appending all chunks not yet persisted (with the exception
// of a still open head chunk).
//
// - If no chunks on disk need to be purged, but chunks need to be persisted,
// those chunks are simply appended to the existing series file (or the file is
// created if it does not exist yet).
//
// - If no chunks need to be purged and no chunks need to be persisted, nothing
// happens in this step.
//
// Next, the method checks if all chunks in the series are evicted. In that
// case, it archives the series and returns true.
//
// Finally, it evicts chunkDescs if there are too many.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) maintainMemorySeries(
fp model.Fingerprint, beforeTime model.Time,
) (becameDirty bool) {
defer func(begin time.Time) {
s.maintainSeriesDuration.WithLabelValues(maintainInMemory).Observe(
float64(time.Since(begin)) / float64(time.Millisecond),
)
}(time.Now())
s.fpLocker.Lock(fp)
defer s.fpLocker.Unlock(fp)
series, ok := s.fpToSeries.get(fp)
if !ok {
// Series is actually not in memory, perhaps archived or dropped in the meantime.
return false
}
defer s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(memoryMaintenance).Inc()
if series.maybeCloseHeadChunk() {
s.incNumChunksToPersist(1)
}
seriesWasDirty := series.dirty
if s.writeMemorySeries(fp, series, beforeTime) {
// Series is gone now, we are done.
return false
}
iOldestNotEvicted := -1
for i, cd := range series.chunkDescs {
if !cd.isEvicted() {
iOldestNotEvicted = i
break
}
}
// Archive if all chunks are evicted.
if iOldestNotEvicted == -1 {
s.fpToSeries.del(fp)
s.numSeries.Dec()
if err := s.persistence.archiveMetric(
fp, series.metric, series.firstTime(), series.lastTime,
); err != nil {
log.Errorf("Error archiving metric %v: %v", series.metric, err)
return
}
s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(archive).Inc()
return
}
// If we are here, the series is not archived, so check for chunkDesc
// eviction next.
series.evictChunkDescs(iOldestNotEvicted)
return series.dirty && !seriesWasDirty
}
// writeMemorySeries (re-)writes a memory series file. While doing so, it drops
// chunks older than beforeTime from both the series file (if it exists) as well
// as from memory. The provided chunksToPersist are appended to the newly
// written series file. If no chunks need to be purged, but chunksToPersist is
// not empty, those chunks are simply appended to the series file. If the series
// contains no chunks after dropping old chunks, it is purged entirely. In that
// case, the method returns true.
//
// The caller must have locked the fp.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) writeMemorySeries(
fp model.Fingerprint, series *memorySeries, beforeTime model.Time,
) bool {
cds := series.chunksToPersist()
defer func() {
for _, cd := range cds {
cd.unpin(s.evictRequests)
}
s.incNumChunksToPersist(-len(cds))
chunkOps.WithLabelValues(persistAndUnpin).Add(float64(len(cds)))
series.modTime = s.persistence.seriesFileModTime(fp)
}()
// Get the actual chunks from underneath the chunkDescs.
// No lock required as chunks still to persist cannot be evicted.
chunks := make([]chunk, len(cds))
for i, cd := range cds {
chunks[i] = cd.c
}
if !series.firstTime().Before(beforeTime) {
// Oldest sample not old enough, just append chunks, if any.
if len(cds) == 0 {
return false
}
offset, err := s.persistence.persistChunks(fp, chunks)
if err != nil {
s.persistErrors.Inc()
return false
}
if series.chunkDescsOffset == -1 {
// This is the first chunk persisted for a newly created
// series that had prior chunks on disk. Finally, we can
// set the chunkDescsOffset.
series.chunkDescsOffset = offset
}
return false
}
newFirstTime, offset, numDroppedFromPersistence, allDroppedFromPersistence, err :=
s.persistence.dropAndPersistChunks(fp, beforeTime, chunks)
if err != nil {
s.persistErrors.Inc()
return false
}
series.dropChunks(beforeTime)
if len(series.chunkDescs) == 0 && allDroppedFromPersistence {
// All chunks dropped from both memory and persistence. Delete the series for good.
s.fpToSeries.del(fp)
s.numSeries.Dec()
s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(memoryPurge).Inc()
s.persistence.unindexMetric(fp, series.metric)
return true
}
series.savedFirstTime = newFirstTime
if series.chunkDescsOffset == -1 {
series.chunkDescsOffset = offset
} else {
series.chunkDescsOffset -= numDroppedFromPersistence
if series.chunkDescsOffset < 0 {
log.Errorf("Dropped more chunks from persistence than from memory for fingerprint %v, series %v.", fp, series)
s.persistence.setDirty(true)
series.chunkDescsOffset = -1 // Makes sure it will be looked at during crash recovery.
}
}
return false
}
// maintainArchivedSeries drops chunks older than beforeTime from an archived
// series. If the series contains no chunks after that, it is purged entirely.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) maintainArchivedSeries(fp model.Fingerprint, beforeTime model.Time) {
defer func(begin time.Time) {
s.maintainSeriesDuration.WithLabelValues(maintainArchived).Observe(
float64(time.Since(begin)) / float64(time.Millisecond),
)
}(time.Now())
s.fpLocker.Lock(fp)
defer s.fpLocker.Unlock(fp)
has, firstTime, lastTime, err := s.persistence.hasArchivedMetric(fp)
if err != nil {
log.Error("Error looking up archived time range: ", err)
return
}
if !has || !firstTime.Before(beforeTime) {
// Oldest sample not old enough, or metric purged or unarchived in the meantime.
return
}
defer s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(archiveMaintenance).Inc()
newFirstTime, _, _, allDropped, err := s.persistence.dropAndPersistChunks(fp, beforeTime, nil)
if err != nil {
log.Error("Error dropping persisted chunks: ", err)
}
if allDropped {
if err := s.persistence.purgeArchivedMetric(fp); err != nil {
log.Errorf("Error purging archived metric for fingerprint %v: %v", fp, err)
return
}
s.seriesOps.WithLabelValues(archivePurge).Inc()
return
}
if err := s.persistence.updateArchivedTimeRange(fp, newFirstTime, lastTime); err != nil {
log.Errorf("Error updating archived time range for fingerprint %v: %s", fp, err)
}
}
// See persistence.loadChunks for detailed explanation.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) loadChunks(fp model.Fingerprint, indexes []int, indexOffset int) ([]chunk, error) {
return s.persistence.loadChunks(fp, indexes, indexOffset)
}
// See persistence.loadChunkDescs for detailed explanation.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) loadChunkDescs(fp model.Fingerprint, offsetFromEnd int) ([]*chunkDesc, error) {
return s.persistence.loadChunkDescs(fp, offsetFromEnd)
}
// getNumChunksToPersist returns numChunksToPersist in a goroutine-safe way.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) getNumChunksToPersist() int {
return int(atomic.LoadInt64(&s.numChunksToPersist))
}
// incNumChunksToPersist increments numChunksToPersist in a goroutine-safe way. Use a
// negative 'by' to decrement.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) incNumChunksToPersist(by int) {
atomic.AddInt64(&s.numChunksToPersist, int64(by))
}
// calculatePersistenceUrgencyScore calculates and returns an urgency score for
// the speed of persisting chunks. The score is between 0 and 1, where 0 means
// no urgency at all and 1 means highest urgency.
//
// The score is the maximum of the two following sub-scores:
//
// (1) The first sub-score is the number of chunks waiting for persistence
// divided by the maximum number of chunks allowed to be waiting for
// persistence.
//
// (2) If there are more chunks in memory than allowed AND there are more chunks
// waiting for persistence than factorMinChunksToPersist times
// -storage.local.max-chunks-to-persist, then the second sub-score is the
// fraction the number of memory chunks has reached between
// -storage.local.memory-chunks and toleranceFactorForMemChunks times
// -storage.local.memory-chunks.
//
// Should the score ever hit persintenceUrgencyScoreForEnteringRushedMode, the
// storage locks into "rushed mode", in which the returned score is always
// bumped up to 1 until the non-bumped score is below
// persintenceUrgencyScoreForLeavingRushedMode.
//
// This method is not goroutine-safe, but it is only ever called by the single
// goroutine that is in charge of series maintenance. According to the returned
// score, series maintenance should be sped up. If a score of 1 is returned,
// checkpointing based on dirty-series count should be disabled, and series
// files should not by synced anymore provided the user has specified the
// adaptive sync strategy.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) calculatePersistenceUrgencyScore() float64 {
s.rushedMtx.Lock()
defer s.rushedMtx.Unlock()
var (
chunksToPersist = float64(s.getNumChunksToPersist())
maxChunksToPersist = float64(s.maxChunksToPersist)
memChunks = float64(atomic.LoadInt64(&numMemChunks))
maxMemChunks = float64(s.maxMemoryChunks)
)
score := chunksToPersist / maxChunksToPersist
if chunksToPersist > maxChunksToPersist*factorMinChunksToPersist {
score = math.Max(
score,
(memChunks/maxMemChunks-1)/(toleranceFactorMemChunks-1),
)
}
if score > 1 {
score = 1
}
s.persistenceUrgencyScore.Set(score)
if s.rushed {
// We are already in rushed mode. If the score is still above
// persintenceUrgencyScoreForLeavingRushedMode, return 1 and
// leave things as they are.
if score > persintenceUrgencyScoreForLeavingRushedMode {
return 1
}
// We are out of rushed mode!
s.rushed = false
s.rushedMode.Set(0)
log.
With("urgencyScore", score).
With("chunksToPersist", int(chunksToPersist)).
With("maxChunksToPersist", int(maxChunksToPersist)).
With("memoryChunks", int(memChunks)).
With("maxMemoryChunks", int(maxMemChunks)).
Info("Storage has left rushed mode.")
return score
}
if score > persintenceUrgencyScoreForEnteringRushedMode {
// Enter rushed mode.
s.rushed = true
s.rushedMode.Set(1)
log.
With("urgencyScore", score).
With("chunksToPersist", int(chunksToPersist)).
With("maxChunksToPersist", int(maxChunksToPersist)).
With("memoryChunks", int(memChunks)).
With("maxMemoryChunks", int(maxMemChunks)).
Warn("Storage has entered rushed mode.")
return 1
}
return score
}
// Describe implements prometheus.Collector.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) Describe(ch chan<- *prometheus.Desc) {
s.persistence.Describe(ch)
s.mapper.Describe(ch)
ch <- s.persistErrors.Desc()
ch <- maxChunksToPersistDesc
ch <- numChunksToPersistDesc
ch <- s.numSeries.Desc()
s.seriesOps.Describe(ch)
ch <- s.ingestedSamplesCount.Desc()
ch <- s.outOfOrderSamplesCount.Desc()
ch <- s.invalidPreloadRequestsCount.Desc()
ch <- numMemChunksDesc
s.maintainSeriesDuration.Describe(ch)
ch <- s.persistenceUrgencyScore.Desc()
ch <- s.rushedMode.Desc()
}
// Collect implements prometheus.Collector.
func (s *memorySeriesStorage) Collect(ch chan<- prometheus.Metric) {
s.persistence.Collect(ch)
s.mapper.Collect(ch)
ch <- s.persistErrors
ch <- prometheus.MustNewConstMetric(
maxChunksToPersistDesc,
prometheus.GaugeValue,
float64(s.maxChunksToPersist),
)
ch <- prometheus.MustNewConstMetric(
numChunksToPersistDesc,
prometheus.GaugeValue,
float64(s.getNumChunksToPersist()),
)
ch <- s.numSeries
s.seriesOps.Collect(ch)
ch <- s.ingestedSamplesCount
ch <- s.outOfOrderSamplesCount
ch <- s.invalidPreloadRequestsCount
ch <- prometheus.MustNewConstMetric(
numMemChunksDesc,
prometheus.GaugeValue,
float64(atomic.LoadInt64(&numMemChunks)),
)
s.maintainSeriesDuration.Collect(ch)
ch <- s.persistenceUrgencyScore
ch <- s.rushedMode
}