prometheus/util/promlint/promlint.go
David Ellis dbfd493265 More promlint rules (#5515)
* Extra promlint rules for Issue 5453
* broaden type name and camelCase checks
* Expand unit test to catch non base units
* Use only celsius as the base unit for temperature
* Remove candela and moles from the unit check

Signed-off-by: David Ellis <ellisda@gmail.com>
2019-09-05 10:48:31 -06:00

374 lines
9.2 KiB
Go

// Copyright 2017 The Prometheus Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// Package promlint provides a linter for Prometheus metrics.
package promlint
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"regexp"
"sort"
"strings"
dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
"github.com/prometheus/common/expfmt"
)
// A Linter is a Prometheus metrics linter. It identifies issues with metric
// names, types, and metadata, and reports them to the caller.
type Linter struct {
r io.Reader
}
// A Problem is an issue detected by a Linter.
type Problem struct {
// The name of the metric indicated by this Problem.
Metric string
// A description of the issue for this Problem.
Text string
}
// problems is a slice of Problems with a helper method to easily append
// additional Problems to the slice.
type problems []Problem
// Add appends a new Problem to the slice for the specified metric, with
// the specified issue text.
func (p *problems) Add(mf dto.MetricFamily, text string) {
*p = append(*p, Problem{
Metric: mf.GetName(),
Text: text,
})
}
// New creates a new Linter that reads an input stream of Prometheus metrics.
// Only the text exposition format is supported.
func New(r io.Reader) *Linter {
return &Linter{
r: r,
}
}
// Lint performs a linting pass, returning a slice of Problems indicating any
// issues found in the metrics stream. The slice is sorted by metric name
// and issue description.
func (l *Linter) Lint() ([]Problem, error) {
// TODO(mdlayher): support for protobuf exposition format?
d := expfmt.NewDecoder(l.r, expfmt.FmtText)
var problems []Problem
var mf dto.MetricFamily
for {
if err := d.Decode(&mf); err != nil {
if err == io.EOF {
break
}
return nil, err
}
problems = append(problems, lint(mf)...)
}
// Ensure deterministic output.
sort.SliceStable(problems, func(i, j int) bool {
if problems[i].Metric < problems[j].Metric {
return true
}
return problems[i].Text < problems[j].Text
})
return problems, nil
}
// lint is the entry point for linting a single metric.
func lint(mf dto.MetricFamily) []Problem {
fns := []func(mf dto.MetricFamily) []Problem{
lintHelp,
lintMetricUnits,
lintCounter,
lintHistogramSummaryReserved,
lintMetricTypeInName,
lintReservedChars,
lintCamelCase,
lintUnitAbbreviations,
}
var problems []Problem
for _, fn := range fns {
problems = append(problems, fn(mf)...)
}
// TODO(mdlayher): lint rules for specific metrics types.
return problems
}
// lintHelp detects issues related to the help text for a metric.
func lintHelp(mf dto.MetricFamily) []Problem {
var problems problems
// Expect all metrics to have help text available.
if mf.Help == nil {
problems.Add(mf, "no help text")
}
return problems
}
// lintMetricUnits detects issues with metric unit names.
func lintMetricUnits(mf dto.MetricFamily) []Problem {
var problems problems
unit, base, ok := metricUnits(*mf.Name)
if !ok {
// No known units detected.
return nil
}
// Unit is already a base unit.
if unit == base {
return nil
}
problems.Add(mf, fmt.Sprintf("use base unit %q instead of %q", base, unit))
return problems
}
// lintCounter detects issues specific to counters, as well as patterns that should
// only be used with counters.
func lintCounter(mf dto.MetricFamily) []Problem {
var problems problems
isCounter := mf.GetType() == dto.MetricType_COUNTER
isUntyped := mf.GetType() == dto.MetricType_UNTYPED
hasTotalSuffix := strings.HasSuffix(mf.GetName(), "_total")
switch {
case isCounter && !hasTotalSuffix:
problems.Add(mf, `counter metrics should have "_total" suffix`)
case !isUntyped && !isCounter && hasTotalSuffix:
problems.Add(mf, `non-counter metrics should not have "_total" suffix`)
}
return problems
}
// lintHistogramSummaryReserved detects when other types of metrics use names or labels
// reserved for use by histograms and/or summaries.
func lintHistogramSummaryReserved(mf dto.MetricFamily) []Problem {
// These rules do not apply to untyped metrics.
t := mf.GetType()
if t == dto.MetricType_UNTYPED {
return nil
}
var problems problems
isHistogram := t == dto.MetricType_HISTOGRAM
isSummary := t == dto.MetricType_SUMMARY
n := mf.GetName()
if !isHistogram && strings.HasSuffix(n, "_bucket") {
problems.Add(mf, `non-histogram metrics should not have "_bucket" suffix`)
}
if !isHistogram && !isSummary && strings.HasSuffix(n, "_count") {
problems.Add(mf, `non-histogram and non-summary metrics should not have "_count" suffix`)
}
if !isHistogram && !isSummary && strings.HasSuffix(n, "_sum") {
problems.Add(mf, `non-histogram and non-summary metrics should not have "_sum" suffix`)
}
for _, m := range mf.GetMetric() {
for _, l := range m.GetLabel() {
ln := l.GetName()
if !isHistogram && ln == "le" {
problems.Add(mf, `non-histogram metrics should not have "le" label`)
}
if !isSummary && ln == "quantile" {
problems.Add(mf, `non-summary metrics should not have "quantile" label`)
}
}
}
return problems
}
// lintMetricTypeInName detects when metric types are included in the metric name.
func lintMetricTypeInName(mf dto.MetricFamily) []Problem {
var problems problems
n := strings.ToLower(mf.GetName())
for i, t := range dto.MetricType_name {
if i == int32(dto.MetricType_UNTYPED) {
continue
}
typename := strings.ToLower(t)
if strings.Contains(n, "_"+typename+"_") || strings.HasSuffix(n, "_"+typename) {
problems.Add(mf, fmt.Sprintf(`metric name should not include type '%s'`, typename))
}
}
return problems
}
// lintReservedChars detects colons in metric names.
func lintReservedChars(mf dto.MetricFamily) []Problem {
var problems problems
if strings.Contains(mf.GetName(), ":") {
problems.Add(mf, "metric names should not contain ':'")
}
return problems
}
var camelCase = regexp.MustCompile(`[a-z][A-Z]`)
// lintCamelCase detects metric names and label names written in camelCase.
func lintCamelCase(mf dto.MetricFamily) []Problem {
var problems problems
if camelCase.FindString(mf.GetName()) != "" {
problems.Add(mf, "metric names should be written in 'snake_case' not 'camelCase'")
}
for _, m := range mf.GetMetric() {
for _, l := range m.GetLabel() {
if camelCase.FindString(l.GetName()) != "" {
problems.Add(mf, "label names should be written in 'snake_case' not 'camelCase'")
}
}
}
return problems
}
// lintUnitAbbreviations detects abbreviated units in the metric name.
func lintUnitAbbreviations(mf dto.MetricFamily) []Problem {
var problems problems
n := strings.ToLower(mf.GetName())
for _, s := range unitAbbreviations {
if strings.Contains(n, "_"+s+"_") || strings.HasSuffix(n, "_"+s) {
problems.Add(mf, "metric names should not contain abbreviated units")
}
}
return problems
}
// metricUnits attempts to detect known unit types used as part of a metric name,
// e.g. "foo_bytes_total" or "bar_baz_milligrams".
func metricUnits(m string) (unit string, base string, ok bool) {
ss := strings.Split(m, "_")
for unit, base := range units {
// Also check for "no prefix".
for _, p := range append(unitPrefixes, "") {
for _, s := range ss {
// Attempt to explicitly match a known unit with a known prefix,
// as some words may look like "units" when matching suffix.
//
// As an example, "thermometers" should not match "meters", but
// "kilometers" should.
if s == p+unit {
return p + unit, base, true
}
}
}
}
return "", "", false
}
// Units and their possible prefixes recognized by this library. More can be
// added over time as needed.
var (
// map a unit to the appropriate base unit.
units = map[string]string{
// Base units.
"amperes": "amperes",
"bytes": "bytes",
"celsius": "celsius", // Celsius is more common in practice than Kelvin.
"grams": "grams",
"joules": "joules",
"meters": "meters", // Both American and international spelling permitted.
"metres": "metres",
"seconds": "seconds",
"volts": "volts",
// Non base units.
// Time.
"minutes": "seconds",
"hours": "seconds",
"days": "seconds",
"weeks": "seconds",
// Temperature.
"kelvin": "celsius",
"kelvins": "celsius",
"fahrenheit": "celsius",
"rankine": "celsius",
// Length.
"inches": "meters",
"yards": "meters",
"miles": "meters",
// Bytes.
"bits": "bytes",
// Energy.
"calories": "joules",
// Mass.
"pounds": "grams",
"ounces": "grams",
}
unitPrefixes = []string{
"pico",
"nano",
"micro",
"milli",
"centi",
"deci",
"deca",
"hecto",
"kilo",
"kibi",
"mega",
"mibi",
"giga",
"gibi",
"tera",
"tebi",
"peta",
"pebi",
}
// Common abbreviations that we'd like to discourage.
unitAbbreviations = []string{
"s",
"ms",
"us",
"ns",
"sec",
"b",
"kb",
"mb",
"gb",
"tb",
"pb",
"m",
"h",
"d",
}
)