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401 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
401 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# JavaScript Templates
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## Demo
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[JavaScript Templates Demo](https://blueimp.github.io/JavaScript-Templates/)
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## Description
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1KB lightweight, fast & powerful JavaScript templating engine with zero
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dependencies. Compatible with server-side environments like Node.js, module
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loaders like RequireJS, Browserify or webpack and all web browsers.
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## Usage
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### Client-side
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Include the (minified) JavaScript Templates script in your HTML markup:
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```html
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<script src="js/tmpl.min.js"></script>
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```
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Add a script section with type **"text/x-tmpl"**, a unique **id** property and
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your template definition as content:
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```html
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<script type="text/x-tmpl" id="tmpl-demo">
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<h3>{%=o.title%}</h3>
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<p>Released under the
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<a href="{%=o.license.url%}">{%=o.license.name%}</a>.</p>
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<h4>Features</h4>
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<ul>
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{% for (var i=0; i<o.features.length; i++) { %}
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<li>{%=o.features[i]%}</li>
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{% } %}
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</ul>
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</script>
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```
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**"o"** (the lowercase letter) is a reference to the data parameter of the
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template function (see the API section on how to modify this identifier).
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In your application code, create a JavaScript object to use as data for the
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template:
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```js
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var data = {
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"title": "JavaScript Templates",
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"license": {
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"name": "MIT license",
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"url": "http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT"
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},
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"features": [
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"lightweight & fast",
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"powerful",
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"zero dependencies"
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]
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};
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```
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In a real application, this data could be the result of retrieving a
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[JSON](http://json.org/) resource.
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Render the result by calling the **tmpl()** method with the id of the template
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and the data object as arguments:
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```js
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document.getElementById("result").innerHTML = tmpl("tmpl-demo", data);
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```
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### Server-side
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The following is an example how to use the JavaScript Templates engine on the
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server-side with [node.js](http://nodejs.org/).
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Create a new directory and add the **tmpl.js** file. Or alternatively, install
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the **blueimp-tmpl** package with [npm](https://www.npmjs.org/):
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```sh
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npm install blueimp-tmpl
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```
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Add a file **template.html** with the following content:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<title>{%=o.title%}</title>
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<h3><a href="{%=o.url%}">{%=o.title%}</a></h3>
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<h4>Features</h4>
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<ul>
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{% for (var i=0; i<o.features.length; i++) { %}
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<li>{%=o.features[i]%}</li>
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{% } %}
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</ul>
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```
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Add a file **server.js** with the following content:
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```js
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require("http").createServer(function (req, res) {
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var fs = require("fs"),
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// The tmpl module exports the tmpl() function:
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tmpl = require("./tmpl"),
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// Use the following version if you installed the package with npm:
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// tmpl = require("blueimp-tmpl"),
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// Sample data:
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data = {
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"title": "JavaScript Templates",
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"url": "https://github.com/blueimp/JavaScript-Templates",
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"features": [
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"lightweight & fast",
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"powerful",
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"zero dependencies"
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]
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};
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// Override the template loading method:
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tmpl.load = function (id) {
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var filename = id + ".html";
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console.log("Loading " + filename);
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return fs.readFileSync(filename, "utf8");
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};
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res.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/x-tmpl"});
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// Render the content:
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res.end(tmpl("template", data));
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}).listen(8080, "localhost");
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console.log("Server running at http://localhost:8080/");
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```
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Run the application with the following command:
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```sh
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node server.js
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```
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## Requirements
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The JavaScript Templates script has zero dependencies.
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## API
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### tmpl() function
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The **tmpl()** function is added to the global **window** object and can be
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called as global function:
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```js
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var result = tmpl("tmpl-demo", data);
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```
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The **tmpl()** function can be called with the id of a template, or with a
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template string:
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```js
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var result = tmpl("<h3>{%=o.title%}</h3>", data);
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```
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If called without second argument, **tmpl()** returns a reusable template
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function:
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```js
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var func = tmpl("<h3>{%=o.title%}</h3>");
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document.getElementById("result").innerHTML = func(data);
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```
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### Templates cache
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Templates loaded by id are cached in the map **tmpl.cache**:
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```js
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var func = tmpl("tmpl-demo"), // Loads and parses the template
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cached = typeof tmpl.cache["tmpl-demo"] === "function", // true
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result = tmpl("tmpl-demo", data); // Uses cached template function
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tmpl.cache["tmpl-demo"] = null;
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result = tmpl("tmpl-demo", data); // Loads and parses the template again
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```
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### Output encoding
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The method **tmpl.encode** is used to escape HTML special characters in the
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template output:
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```js
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var output = tmpl.encode("<>&\"'\x00"); // Renders "<>&"'"
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```
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**tmpl.encode** makes use of the regular expression **tmpl.encReg** and the
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encoding map **tmpl.encMap** to match and replace special characters, which can
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be modified to change the behavior of the output encoding.
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Strings matched by the regular expression, but not found in the encoding map are
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removed from the output. This allows for example to automatically trim input
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values (removing whitespace from the start and end of the string):
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```js
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tmpl.encReg = /(^\s+)|(\s+$)|[<>&"'\x00]/g;
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var output = tmpl.encode(" Banana! "); // Renders "Banana" (without whitespace)
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```
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### Local helper variables
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The local variables available inside the templates are the following:
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* **o**: The data object given as parameter to the template function
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(see the next section on how to modify the parameter name).
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* **tmpl**: A reference to the **tmpl** function object.
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* **_s**: The string for the rendered result content.
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* **_e**: A reference to the **tmpl.encode** method.
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* **print**: Helper function to add content to the rendered result string.
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* **include**: Helper function to include the return value of a different
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template in the result.
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To introduce additional local helper variables, the string **tmpl.helper** can
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be extended. The following adds a convenience function for *console.log* and a
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streaming function, that streams the template rendering result back to the
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callback argument
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(note the comma at the beginning of each variable declaration):
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```js
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tmpl.helper += ",log=function(){console.log.apply(console, arguments)}" +
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",st='',stream=function(cb){var l=st.length;st=_s;cb( _s.slice(l));}";
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```
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Those new helper functions could be used to stream the template contents to the
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console output:
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```html
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<script type="text/x-tmpl" id="tmpl-demo">
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<h3>{%=o.title%}</h3>
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{% stream(log); %}
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<p>Released under the
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<a href="{%=o.license.url%}">{%=o.license.name%}</a>.</p>
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{% stream(log); %}
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<h4>Features</h4>
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<ul>
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{% stream(log); %}
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{% for (var i=0; i<o.features.length; i++) { %}
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<li>{%=o.features[i]%}</li>
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{% stream(log); %}
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{% } %}
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</ul>
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{% stream(log); %}
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</script>
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```
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### Template function argument
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The generated template functions accept one argument, which is the data object
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given to the **tmpl(id, data)** function. This argument is available inside the
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template definitions as parameter **o** (the lowercase letter).
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The argument name can be modified by overriding **tmpl.arg**:
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```js
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tmpl.arg = "p";
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// Renders "<h3>JavaScript Templates</h3>":
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var result = tmpl("<h3>{%=p.title%}</h3>", {title: "JavaScript Templates"});
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```
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### Template parsing
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The template contents are matched and replaced using the regular expression
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**tmpl.regexp** and the replacement function **tmpl.func**.
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The replacement function operates based on the
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[parenthesized submatch strings](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/replace#Specifying_a_function_as_a_parameter).
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To use different tags for the template syntax, override **tmpl.regexp** with a
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modified regular expression, by exchanging all occurrences of "{%" and "%}",
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e.g. with "[%" and "%]":
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```js
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tmpl.regexp = /([\s'\\])(?!(?:[^[]|\[(?!%))*%\])|(?:\[%(=|#)([\s\S]+?)%\])|(\[%)|(%\])/g;
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```
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By default, the plugin preserves whitespace
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(newlines, carriage returns, tabs and spaces).
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To strip unnecessary whitespace, you can override the **tmpl.func** function,
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e.g. with the following code:
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```js
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var originalFunc = tmpl.func;
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tmpl.func = function (s, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, offset, str) {
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if (p1 && /\s/.test(p1)) {
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if (!offset || /\s/.test(str.charAt(offset - 1)) ||
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/^\s+$/g.test(str.slice(offset))) {
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return '';
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}
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return ' ';
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}
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return originalFunc.apply(tmpl, arguments);
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};
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```
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## Templates syntax
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### Interpolation
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Print variable with HTML special characters escaped:
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```html
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<h3>{%=o.title%}</h3>
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```
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Print variable without escaping:
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```html
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<h3>{%#o.user_id%}</h3>
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```
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Print output of function calls:
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```html
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<a href="{%=encodeURI(o.url)%}">Website</a>
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```
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Use dot notation to print nested properties:
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```html
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<strong>{%=o.author.name%}</strong>
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```
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### Evaluation
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Use **print(str)** to add escaped content to the output:
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```html
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<span>Year: {% var d=new Date(); print(d.getFullYear()); %}</span>
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```
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Use **print(str, true)** to add unescaped content to the output:
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```html
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<span>{% print("Fast & powerful", true); %}</span>
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```
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Use **include(str, obj)** to include content from a different template:
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```html
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<div>
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{% include('tmpl-link', {name: "Website", url: "https://example.org"}); %}
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</div>
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```
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**If else condition**:
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```html
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{% if (o.author.url) { %}
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<a href="{%=encodeURI(o.author.url)%}">{%=o.author.name%}</a>
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{% } else { %}
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<em>No author url.</em>
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{% } %}
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```
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**For loop**:
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```html
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<ul>
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{% for (var i=0; i<o.features.length; i++) { %}
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<li>{%=o.features[i]%}</li>
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{% } %}
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</ul>
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```
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## Compiled templates
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The JavaScript Templates project comes with a compilation script, that allows
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you to compile your templates into JavaScript code and combine them with a
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minimal Templates runtime into one combined JavaScript file.
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The compilation script is built for [node.js](http://nodejs.org/).
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To use it, first install the JavaScript Templates project via
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[npm](https://www.npmjs.org/):
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```sh
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npm install blueimp-tmpl
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```
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This will put the executable **tmpl.js** into the folder **node_modules/.bin**.
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It will also make it available on your PATH if you install the package globally
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(by adding the **-g** flag to the install command).
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The **tmpl.js** executable accepts the paths to one or multiple template files
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as command line arguments and prints the generated JavaScript code to the
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console output. The following command line shows you how to store the generated
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code in a new JavaScript file that can be included in your project:
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```sh
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tmpl.js index.html > tmpl.js
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```
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The files given as command line arguments to **tmpl.js** can either be pure
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template files or HTML documents with embedded template script sections.
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For the pure template files, the file names (without extension) serve as
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template ids.
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The generated file can be included in your project as a replacement for the
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original **tmpl.js** runtime. It provides you with the same API and provides a
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**tmpl(id, data)** function that accepts the id of one of your templates as
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first and a data object as optional second parameter.
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## Tests
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The JavaScript Templates project comes with
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[Unit Tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing).
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There are two different ways to run the tests:
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* Open test/index.html in your browser or
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* run `npm test` in the Terminal in the root path of the repository package.
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The first one tests the browser integration,
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the second one the [node.js](http://nodejs.org/) integration.
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## License
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The JavaScript Templates script is released under the
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[MIT license](http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
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