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98 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
98 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Querying examples
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nav_title: Examples
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sort_rank: 4
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---
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# Query examples
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## Simple time series selection
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Return all time series with the metric `http_requests_total`:
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http_requests_total
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Return all time series with the metric `http_requests_total` and the given
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`job` and `handler` labels:
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http_requests_total{job="apiserver", handler="/api/comments"}
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Return a whole range of time (in this case 5 minutes up to the query time)
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for the same vector, making it a [range vector](../basics/#range-vector-selectors):
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http_requests_total{job="apiserver", handler="/api/comments"}[5m]
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Note that an expression resulting in a range vector cannot be graphed directly,
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but viewed in the tabular ("Console") view of the expression browser.
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Using regular expressions, you could select time series only for jobs whose
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name match a certain pattern, in this case, all jobs that end with `server`:
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http_requests_total{job=~".*server"}
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All regular expressions in Prometheus use [RE2
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syntax](https://github.com/google/re2/wiki/Syntax).
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To select all HTTP status codes except 4xx ones, you could run:
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http_requests_total{status!~"4.."}
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## Subquery
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Return the 5-minute rate of the `http_requests_total` metric for the past 30 minutes, with a resolution of 1 minute.
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rate(http_requests_total[5m])[30m:1m]
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This is an example of a nested subquery. The subquery for the `deriv` function uses the default resolution. Note that using subqueries unnecessarily is unwise.
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max_over_time(deriv(rate(distance_covered_total[5s])[30s:5s])[10m:])
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## Using functions, operators, etc.
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Return the per-second rate for all time series with the `http_requests_total`
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metric name, as measured over the last 5 minutes:
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rate(http_requests_total[5m])
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Assuming that the `http_requests_total` time series all have the labels `job`
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(fanout by job name) and `instance` (fanout by instance of the job), we might
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want to sum over the rate of all instances, so we get fewer output time series,
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but still preserve the `job` dimension:
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sum by (job) (
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rate(http_requests_total[5m])
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)
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If we have two different metrics with the same dimensional labels, we can apply
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binary operators to them and elements on both sides with the same label set
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will get matched and propagated to the output. For example, this expression
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returns the unused memory in MiB for every instance (on a fictional cluster
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scheduler exposing these metrics about the instances it runs):
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(instance_memory_limit_bytes - instance_memory_usage_bytes) / 1024 / 1024
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The same expression, but summed by application, could be written like this:
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sum by (app, proc) (
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instance_memory_limit_bytes - instance_memory_usage_bytes
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) / 1024 / 1024
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If the same fictional cluster scheduler exposed CPU usage metrics like the
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following for every instance:
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instance_cpu_time_ns{app="lion", proc="web", rev="34d0f99", env="prod", job="cluster-manager"}
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instance_cpu_time_ns{app="elephant", proc="worker", rev="34d0f99", env="prod", job="cluster-manager"}
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instance_cpu_time_ns{app="turtle", proc="api", rev="4d3a513", env="prod", job="cluster-manager"}
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instance_cpu_time_ns{app="fox", proc="widget", rev="4d3a513", env="prod", job="cluster-manager"}
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...
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...we could get the top 3 CPU users grouped by application (`app`) and process
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type (`proc`) like this:
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topk(3, sum by (app, proc) (rate(instance_cpu_time_ns[5m])))
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Assuming this metric contains one time series per running instance, you could
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count the number of running instances per application like this:
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count by (app) (instance_cpu_time_ns)
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